Safety protection device and method for liquid-cooled energy storage system based on cell-level thermal monitoring

Abstract

This invention discloses a safety protection device and method for liquid-cooled energy storage systems based on cell-level thermal monitoring, relating to the field of safety protection for electrochemical battery packs. The device consists of a sensing layer, a control module, and an execution layer. In the sensing layer, distributed fiber optic temperature sensors are tightly attached to the surface of each cell in a serpentine winding and point-fixed manner. Auxiliary status sensors monitor current, voltage, and liquid-cooled pipeline parameters, enabling real-time collection of operational data. The control module receives data and performs three-level response control, adjusting the response threshold sensitivity based on charging, discharging, or standby conditions. The execution layer includes a frequency converter pump, a DC circuit breaker, and an electromagnetic injection valve, operating according to instructions and providing status feedback. This invention achieves precise cell-level monitoring, providing early warning of thermal runaway risks through three-level response and multi-parameter analysis, improving decision-making accuracy, ensuring reliable execution, avoiding resource waste such as system-wide injection, and effectively improving the safety and operating efficiency of liquid-cooled energy storage systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of safety protection technology for electrochemical battery packs, specifically relating to a safety protection device and method for liquid-cooled energy storage systems based on cell-level thermal monitoring, which is particularly suitable for early warning of thermal runaway and multi-level safety protection of battery clusters in large-scale electrochemical energy storage systems. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, electrochemical energy storage systems, as core equipment for smoothing grid fluctuations and improving energy utilization efficiency, have seen their installed capacity continue to expand. Among them, liquid-cooled energy storage systems are widely used in large-capacity energy storage scenarios due to their advantages such as high heat dissipation efficiency and good temperature uniformity.

[0003] However, traditional temperature monitoring is mostly limited to the battery pack or module level, making it difficult to achieve accurate temperature measurement at the cell level. This leads to the masking of early thermal anomaly signals, making it impossible to detect potential risks in individual cells in a timely manner. The linkage between cooling systems and fire protection systems is poor, and they often adopt a one-size-fits-all protection strategy, such as directly triggering the shutdown of the entire system or the fire sprinkler system in the entire area, which can easily lead to waste of resources and unnecessary interruption of normal operation. Existing protection systems mostly rely on a single temperature parameter for judgment, lacking comprehensive analysis of multi-dimensional state parameters such as current, voltage, and liquid cooling flow rate. This can easily lead to misjudgment or missed judgment due to non-temperature factors such as abnormal charging and discharging or insufficient heat dissipation capacity. In some protection systems, the control link and actuator are coupled, and a failure in one link may lead to the failure of the entire protection, making it difficult to ensure rapid blocking in the early stage of thermal runaway.

[0004] Therefore, in order to meet the safety protection requirements of liquid-cooled energy storage systems, it is urgent to develop a safety protection technology with precise cell-level monitoring, multi-dimensional parameter fusion analysis, graded response, and highly reliable execution, so as to improve the inherent safety level of energy storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a safety protection device and method for liquid-cooled energy storage systems based on cell-level thermal monitoring, enabling real-time monitoring of cell-level temperature, rapid response to abnormal conditions, and targeted protection within the energy storage system.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] The safety protection device and method for liquid-cooled energy storage system based on cell-level thermal monitoring consists of a sensing layer, a control module, and an execution layer. The sensing layer includes distributed fiber optic temperature sensors and auxiliary status sensors. The distributed fiber optic temperature sensors are arranged in a serpentine winding and point-fixed manner, closely attached to the surface of each cell, to monitor the temperature of each cell. The auxiliary status sensors also include Hall current sensors and voltage sensors installed at the total output terminal of each battery pack, as well as flow sensors and temperature sensors installed at the inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling pipeline. The entire sensing layer is responsible for collecting the operating data of the liquid-cooled energy storage system in real time.

[0008] The control module is electrically connected to the sensing layer, liquid cooling system, fire protection system, and circuit protection system. After receiving temperature, current, voltage, and flow data from the sensing layer, it performs control according to a three-level response mode. Specifically, when the cell temperature exceeds the first set value, the liquid cooling system receives an instruction to increase the liquid cooling flow in the corresponding area; when the cell temperature exceeds the second set value and does not decrease within a preset time, the circuit protection system receives an instruction to cut off the PACK circuit containing that cell; when the cell temperature exceeds the third set value, or the temperature rise rate exceeds the set rate, the fire protection system receives an instruction to trigger directional injection of perfluorohexanone.

[0009] The execution layer includes the variable frequency pump of the liquid cooling system, the DC circuit breaker of the circuit protection system, and the electromagnetic spray valve of the fire protection system. They each perform corresponding operations according to the instructions of the control module and confirm the operation status to the control module through instruction feedback signals.

[0010] Furthermore, when executing the three-level response, the control module first verifies the data transmitted from the sensing layer to eliminate abnormal values ​​caused by sensor failure. Then, it adjusts the trigger sensitivity of the response threshold based on the real-time operating conditions of the liquid-cooled energy storage system, such as charging, discharging, or standby, to prevent malfunctions under normal operating fluctuations.

[0011] Furthermore, the data collected by the distributed fiber optic temperature sensor and the auxiliary status sensor are transmitted to the control module in real time. The distributed fiber optic temperature sensor is mainly used to locate the cell with abnormal temperature rise, while the current and voltage data collected by the auxiliary status sensor are used to determine whether the temperature rise is caused by abnormal charging and discharging. The flow and temperature data are used to evaluate the current heat dissipation capacity of the liquid cooling system, providing multi-dimensional basis for the control module's three-level response decision.

[0012] Furthermore, the variable frequency pump, DC circuit breaker, and electromagnetic injection valve in the execution layer are connected to the control module via independent signal transmission links. When the link of one of the actuators fails, it does not affect the other actuators from receiving instructions from the control module, thus ensuring the independence and reliability of each operation in the three-level response.

[0013] Furthermore, the electromagnetic injection valves of the execution layer correspond one-to-one with each battery pack. When the control module triggers fire spraying, it will only activate the electromagnetic injection valve corresponding to the pack containing the abnormal battery cell, thus avoiding resource waste caused by spraying the entire system and the impact on the normally operating packs.

[0014] Furthermore, the first setting is 45°C, the second setting is 60°C, the preset time is 30s, the third setting is 80°C, and the set speed is 5°C / s.

[0015] A safety protection method for liquid-cooled energy storage systems based on cell-level thermal monitoring includes the following steps:

[0016] S1. The sensing layer uses distributed optical fiber temperature sensors to be tightly attached to the surface of each cell in a serpentine winding and point-fixed manner to monitor the temperature of each cell in real time. At the same time, it uses auxiliary status sensors to collect the current and voltage of the total output terminal of each battery PACK, as well as the flow and temperature data of the inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling pipeline, and transmits all the collected data to the control module in real time.

[0017] S2. After receiving the data from the sensing layer, the control module first verifies the data to eliminate abnormal values ​​caused by sensor failure. Then, based on the real-time operating conditions of the liquid-cooled energy storage system, such as charging, discharging, or standby, it adjusts the trigger sensitivity of the three-level response threshold.

[0018] S3. The control module analyzes and judges the data after verification and operation condition adjustment. When the cell temperature exceeds the first set value of 45°C, it sends a command to the liquid cooling system to control the variable frequency pump to increase the liquid cooling flow rate of the corresponding area. When the cell temperature exceeds the second set value of 60°C and the temperature does not drop after 30 seconds, it sends a command to the circuit protection system to control the DC circuit breaker to cut off the PACK circuit where the cell is located. When the cell temperature exceeds the third set value of 80°C, or the temperature rise rate exceeds 5°C / s, it sends a command to the fire protection system to control the electromagnetic injection valve corresponding to the PACK where the abnormal cell is located to trigger the directional injection of perfluorohexanone.

[0019] S4. After performing their respective operations, the variable frequency pump, DC circuit breaker, and electromagnetic injection valve in the actuator layer report their operation status to the control module through their independent signal transmission links, ensuring that the control module can confirm the completion status of each actuator's actions in real time.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] By deploying distributed fiber optic temperature sensors close to the surface of each cell, the limitations of traditional PACK-level or module-level monitoring are overcome. This allows for real-time capture of temperature anomalies in individual cells, bringing the thermal runaway early warning node from the module level to the cell level, thus gaining valuable time to stop thermal runaway and significantly reducing the risk of the accident escalating.

[0022] Based on the temperature threshold and rate of change, a three-level response strategy is designed, from liquid cooling flow regulation (level 1) to PACK loop cutoff (level 2) and then to directional fire spray (level 3), to achieve step-by-step handling from minor anomalies to serious risks, avoiding excessive system downtime or resource waste caused by traditional one-size-fits-all protection, and maximizing system operating efficiency while ensuring safety.

[0023] By combining the analysis of multiple parameters such as current, voltage, liquid cooling flow rate and temperature, and through cross-validation of auxiliary status sensor data and temperature data, the cause of temperature rise can be accurately determined (such as abnormal charging and discharging or heat dissipation failure). The response threshold sensitivity can be dynamically adjusted in combination with the system operating conditions (charging, discharging, standby), which can effectively reduce false actions caused by single parameter judgment and improve the accuracy of protection decisions.

[0024] Each mechanism and control module in the execution layer adopts an independent signal transmission link to avoid overall protection failure due to a single link failure. This ensures that the operation of any link in the three-level response can be executed independently and reliably, especially in the early stage of thermal runaway propagation, which can ensure the effective implementation of key protection actions.

[0025] The one-to-one configuration of electromagnetic injection valves and battery packs allows the fire protection system to perform perfluorohexanone directional injection only on the pack containing the abnormal cell. This avoids the waste of agents caused by spraying the entire system and the unnecessary shutdown of normal packs, while also concentrating resources to quickly control local risks and balancing safety and economy. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the sensing layer of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of the execution layer of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Sensing layer; 11. Distributed fiber optic temperature sensor; 12. Auxiliary status sensor; 121. Hall current sensor; 122. Voltage sensor; 123. Flow sensor; 124. Temperature sensor; 2. Control module; 3. Execution layer; 4. Liquid cooling system; 41. Variable frequency pump; 5. Fire protection system; 51. Electromagnetic jet valve; 6. Circuit protection system; 61. DC circuit breaker. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the safety protection device and method for liquid-cooled energy storage system based on cell-level thermal monitoring consists of a sensing layer 1, a control module 2, and an execution layer 3. The sensing layer 1 includes a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor 11 and an auxiliary status sensor 12. The distributed optical fiber temperature sensor 11 is arranged in a serpentine winding and point-fixed manner, closely attached to the surface of each cell, and is used to monitor the temperature of each cell. The auxiliary status sensor 12 also includes a Hall current sensor 121 and a voltage sensor 122 installed at the total output terminal of each battery PACK, as well as a flow sensor 123 and a temperature sensor 124 installed at the inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling pipeline. The entire sensing layer 1 is responsible for collecting the operating data of the liquid-cooled energy storage system in real time.

[0033] The control module 2 is electrically connected to the sensing layer 1, the liquid cooling system 4, the fire protection system 5, and the circuit protection system 6. After receiving temperature, current, voltage, and flow data from the sensing layer 1, it performs control according to a three-level response mode. Specifically, when the cell temperature exceeds the first set value, the liquid cooling system 4 receives an instruction to increase the liquid cooling flow in the corresponding area; when the cell temperature exceeds the second set value and does not decrease within a preset time, the circuit protection system 6 receives an instruction to cut off the PACK circuit containing the cell; when the cell temperature exceeds the third set value, or the temperature rise rate exceeds the set rate, the fire protection system 5 receives an instruction to trigger the directional injection of perfluorohexanone.

[0034] The execution layer 3 includes the variable frequency pump 41 of the liquid cooling system 4, the DC circuit breaker 61 of the circuit protection system 6, and the electromagnetic jet valve 51 of the fire protection system 5. They respectively complete the corresponding operations according to the instructions of the control module 2, and confirm the operation status to the control module 2 through the instruction feedback signal.

[0035] When executing the three-level response, the control module 2 first verifies the data transmitted from the sensing layer 1 to eliminate abnormal values ​​caused by sensor failure. Then, it adjusts the trigger sensitivity of the response threshold based on the real-time operating conditions of the liquid-cooled energy storage system, such as charging, discharging, or standby, to prevent malfunctions under normal operating fluctuations.

[0036] The data collected by the distributed fiber optic temperature sensor 11 and the auxiliary status sensor 12 are transmitted to the control module 2 in real time. The distributed fiber optic temperature sensor 11 is mainly used to locate the cell with abnormal temperature rise. The current and voltage data collected by the auxiliary status sensor 12 are used to determine whether the temperature rise is caused by abnormal charging and discharging. The flow and temperature data are used to evaluate the current heat dissipation capacity of the liquid cooling system 4, providing multi-dimensional basis for the three-level response decision of the control module 2.

[0037] The variable frequency pump 41, DC circuit breaker 61 and electromagnetic injection valve 51 in the execution layer 3 are connected to the control module 2 by independent signal transmission links. When the link of one of the actuators fails, it does not affect the other actuators from receiving the instructions of the control module 2, thus ensuring the independence and reliability of each operation in the three-level response.

[0038] The electromagnetic injection valve 51 of the execution layer 3 corresponds to each battery PACK. When the control module 2 triggers the fire spray, it will only activate the electromagnetic injection valve 51 corresponding to the PACK where the abnormal cell is located, so as to avoid the waste of resources caused by the spraying of the entire system and the impact on the normally operating PACK.

[0039] The first setting is 45℃, the second setting is 60℃, the preset time is 30s, the third setting is 80℃, and the set speed is 5℃ / s.

[0040] This invention also provides a safety protection method for liquid-cooled energy storage systems based on cell-level thermal monitoring, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1. The sensing layer 1 uses distributed optical fiber temperature sensors 11 to be tightly attached to the surface of each cell in a serpentine winding and point-fixed manner to monitor the temperature of each cell in real time. At the same time, it uses auxiliary status sensors 12 to collect the current and voltage of the total output terminal of each battery PACK, as well as the flow and temperature data of the inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling pipeline, and transmits all the collected data to the control module 2 in real time.

[0042] S2. After receiving the data from the sensing layer 1, the control module 2 first verifies the data to eliminate abnormal values ​​caused by sensor failure. Then, based on the real-time operating conditions of the liquid-cooled energy storage system, such as charging, discharging, or standby, it adjusts the trigger sensitivity of the three-level response threshold.

[0043] S3, the control module 2 analyzes and judges the data after verification and operation condition adjustment. When the cell temperature is detected to exceed the first set value of 45°C, it sends a command to the liquid cooling system 4 to control the variable frequency pump 41 to increase the liquid cooling flow rate of the corresponding area. When the cell temperature is detected to exceed the second set value of 60°C and the state does not decrease for 30 seconds, it sends a command to the circuit protection system 6 to control the DC circuit breaker 61 to cut off the PACK circuit where the cell is located. When the cell temperature is detected to exceed the third set value of 80°C, or the temperature rise rate exceeds 5°C / s, it sends a command to the fire protection system 5 to control the electromagnetic injection valve 51 corresponding to the PACK where the abnormal cell is located to trigger the directional injection of perfluorohexanone.

[0044] After performing their respective operations, the variable frequency pump 41, DC circuit breaker 61, and electromagnetic injection valve 51 in the execution layer 3 (S4, Execution Layer 3) report their operation status to the control module 2 through their independent signal transmission links, ensuring that the control module 2 can confirm the completion status of each actuator's actions in real time.

[0045] In addition, it should be noted that:

[0046] In this embodiment, the optical fiber is wound in an S-shape along the gap of the cell array, and the winding spacing matches the width of the cell to ensure that each segment of optical fiber corresponds to the center area of ​​the side of a single cell. The point fixing point is selected at the non-tab end of the cell and is bonded to the cell surface with high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive. The spacing of the fixing point is set according to the length of the cell to prevent the optical fiber from falling off the monitoring position due to vibration or thermal expansion and contraction.

[0047] Hall current sensor 121 and voltage sensor 122 are encapsulated in a shielded shell and mounted on a non-metallic bracket at the output end of the battery PACK, maintaining a preset safe distance from the cell tabs. The sensor cables are arranged in a twisted pair to cancel electromagnetic coupling interference.

[0048] The control module 2 first identifies instantaneous jump data (such as a sudden temperature rise of more than 10°C at a single sampling point) through a sliding window algorithm and marks it as a suspected fault value. Then, through the temperature correlation analysis of adjacent cells (such as an abnormal temperature of a certain cell but no synchronous change in adjacent cells), combined with the current / voltage stability data of the auxiliary sensor, it comprehensively determines whether it is a sensor fault.

[0049] When the first-stage liquid cooling flow rate regulation is started, the control module 2 continuously monitors the slope of the temperature change of the corresponding cell. If the temperature drop rate reaches the preset standard, the current liquid cooling state is maintained and the monitoring frequency is reduced. If the temperature is still rising, the prediction mechanism of the second-stage response is triggered in advance to shorten the continuous monitoring time of the second set value.

[0050] The control module 2 has a pre-stored physical location mapping table of the battery cell and the PACK (based on the spatial coding of the fiber optic sensor and the association with the PACK number). When the distributed fiber optic locates the abnormal battery cell, it directly matches its PACK number by looking up the table, triggers the corresponding electromagnetic injection valve 51, and locks the liquid cooling pipeline of the PACK to prevent the fire extinguishing agent from being diluted by the coolant.

[0051] It should be noted that the parts not covered in this invention are the same as or can be implemented using existing technologies.

[0052] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "linked," "set up," "equipped with," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0053] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or make equivalent substitutions to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention. Such modified or equivalent substitutions, if they do not depart from the core design principles and functional characteristics of the present invention, should be included within the scope of the technical solution claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety protection device for a liquid-cooled energy storage system based on cell-level thermal monitoring, comprising a sensing layer (1), a control module (2), and an execution layer (3), characterized in that, The sensing layer (1) includes a distributed optical fiber temperature sensor (11) and an auxiliary status sensor (12). The distributed optical fiber temperature sensor (11) is arranged in a serpentine winding and point-fixed manner, closely attached to the surface of each cell, and is used to monitor the temperature of each cell. The auxiliary status sensor (12) also includes a Hall current sensor (121) and a voltage sensor (122) installed at the total output terminal of each battery PACK, as well as a flow sensor (123) and a temperature sensor (124) installed at the inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling pipeline. The entire sensing layer (1) is responsible for collecting the operating data of the liquid cooling energy storage system in real time. The control module (2) is electrically connected to the sensing layer (1), the liquid cooling system (4), the fire protection system (5), and the circuit protection system (6). After receiving the temperature, current, voltage, and flow data transmitted from the sensing layer (1), it controls the system in a three-level response mode. When the cell temperature exceeds the first set value, the liquid cooling system (4) receives an instruction to increase the liquid cooling flow in the corresponding area. When the cell temperature exceeds the second set value and does not decrease within a preset time, the circuit protection system (6) receives an instruction to cut off the PACK circuit where the cell is located. When the cell temperature exceeds the third set value or the temperature rise rate exceeds the set rate, the fire protection system (5) receives an instruction to trigger the directional spraying of perfluorohexanone. The execution layer (3) includes the variable frequency pump (41) of the liquid cooling system (4), the electromagnetic jet valve (51) of the fire protection system (5) and the DC circuit breaker (61) of the circuit protection system (6). They respectively complete the corresponding operations according to the instructions of the control module (2) and confirm the operation status to the control module (2) through the instruction feedback signal.

2. The safety protection device for a liquid-cooled energy storage system based on cell-level thermal monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the control module (2) executes the three-level response, it first verifies the data transmitted from the sensing layer (1) to eliminate abnormal values ​​caused by sensor failure. Then, it adjusts the trigger sensitivity of the response threshold based on the real-time operating conditions of the liquid-cooled energy storage system, such as charging, discharging, or standby, so as to prevent malfunctions under normal operating fluctuations.

3. The safety protection device for a liquid-cooled energy storage system based on cell-level thermal monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data collected by the distributed fiber optic temperature sensor (11) and the auxiliary status sensor (12) will be transmitted to the control module (2) in real time. The distributed fiber optic temperature sensor (11) is mainly used to locate the cell with abnormal temperature rise. The current and voltage data collected by the auxiliary status sensor (12) are used to determine whether the temperature rise is caused by abnormal charging and discharging. The flow rate and temperature data are used to evaluate the current heat dissipation capacity of the liquid cooling system (4) and provide multi-dimensional basis for the three-level response decision of the control module (2).

4. The safety protection device for a liquid-cooled energy storage system based on cell-level thermal monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable frequency pump (41), DC circuit breaker (61) and electromagnetic injection valve (51) of the execution layer (3) adopt independent signal transmission links with the control module (2). When the link of one of the actuators fails, it does not affect the other actuators from receiving the instructions of the control module (2), thus ensuring the independence and reliability of each operation in the three-level response.

5. The safety protection device for a liquid-cooled energy storage system based on cell-level thermal monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic jet valve (51) of the execution layer (3) corresponds to each battery PACK. When the control module (2) triggers the fire spray, it will only activate the electromagnetic jet valve (51) corresponding to the PACK where the abnormal cell is located, so as to avoid the waste of resources caused by the spraying of the whole system and the impact on the normal operation of the PACK.

6. The safety protection device for a liquid-cooled energy storage system based on cell-level thermal monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first setting is 45℃, the second setting is 60℃, the preset time is 30s, the third setting is 80℃, and the set speed is 5℃ / s.

7. A safety protection method for liquid-cooled energy storage systems based on cell-level thermal monitoring, employing the safety protection device for liquid-cooled energy storage systems based on cell-level thermal monitoring as described in claims 1-6, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1, The sensing layer (1) uses distributed optical fiber temperature sensors (11) to attach to the surface of each cell in a serpentine winding and point-fixed manner to monitor the temperature of each cell in real time. At the same time, it uses auxiliary status sensors (12) to collect the current and voltage of the total output terminal of each battery PACK, as well as the flow and temperature data of the inlet and outlet of the liquid cooling pipeline, and transmits all the collected data to the control module (2) in real time. S2. After receiving the data from the sensing layer (1), the control module (2) first verifies the data, eliminates abnormal values ​​caused by sensor failure, and then adjusts the trigger sensitivity of the three-level response threshold in combination with the real-time operating conditions of the liquid-cooled energy storage system, whether it is charging, discharging or in standby. S3. The control module (2) analyzes and judges the data after verification and working condition adjustment. When the cell temperature exceeds the first set value of 45°C, it sends an instruction to the liquid cooling system (4) to control the variable frequency pump (41) to increase the liquid cooling flow rate of the corresponding area. When the cell temperature exceeds the second set value of 60°C and the state does not decrease for 30 seconds, it sends an instruction to the circuit protection system (6) to control the DC circuit breaker (61) to cut off the PACK circuit where the cell is located. When the cell temperature exceeds the third set value of 80°C or the temperature rise rate exceeds 5°C / s, it sends an instruction to the fire protection system (5) to control the electromagnetic injection valve (51) corresponding to the PACK where the abnormal cell is located to trigger the directional injection of perfluorohexanone. S4. After performing their respective operations, the variable frequency pump (41), DC circuit breaker (61) and electromagnetic injection valve (51) of the execution layer (3) report their operation status to the control module (2) through their respective independent signal transmission links, so as to ensure that the control module (2) can confirm the completion status of each actuator in real time.

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