Fiber cellular composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal insulation materials, and particularly relates to a fiber foam composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method of the fiber foam composite material comprises the following steps: S1, spraying a foaming material liquid on a fiber felt, and then foaming to obtain foaming fibers; s2, the foamed fibers are subjected to heat treatment, then sealing material liquid is sprayed, and finally drying is conducted; wherein the foaming material liquid comprises the following components: foaming microspheres, a polymer emulsion A and an auxiliary agent A; the sealing material liquid comprises the following components: a polymer emulsion B and an auxiliary agent B; based on the total mass of the fiber felt, the foaming material liquid and the sealing material liquid, the mass ratio of the foaming material liquid is not less than 15%. The fiber foam composite material prepared in the invention not only can solve the problem that a fibrofelt heat insulation material does not obstruct heat convection, but also has more excellent heat insulation and mechanical properties.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of thermal insulation materials, and particularly relates to a fiber type bubble composite material and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Traditional thermal insulation materials mainly include fiber type thermal insulation materials, bubble type thermal insulation materials, vacuum plate type thermal insulation materials, etc. The fiber type thermal insulation material mainly forms a three-dimensional network structure through the disorderly interlacing of fibers, significantly prolongs the heat conduction path, and reduces the heat conduction efficiency. The fiber type thermal insulation material is mainly made of short fibers, and has the advantages of simple production process, low grammage, soft bending resistance, excellent thermal insulation performance, etc. However, due to the large fiber gap, the thermal convection resistance is poor. SUMMARY

[0003] The bubble type thermal insulation material mainly reduces the convective heat transfer through the static air or inert gas wrapped in the closed pore structure. The bubble type material is divided into inorganic and organic types. The organic type bubble material has mature technology, simple forming, good softness and resilience, but the production cost is relatively high, the grammage is high, and the weather resistance is poor. The present inventors have found that the use of foaming microspheres in the physical foaming process can fill the fiber gap, reduce the problems of the fiber felt thermal insulation material such as not blocking heat convection and poor permeability resistance, and the use of a surface sealing agent can avoid the damage of the loose structure of the foaming material, and improve the wear resistance and water resistance.

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of a fiber type bubble composite material and a fiber type bubble composite material prepared by the preparation method. The prepared fiber type bubble composite material has excellent thermal insulation, thermal convection resistance, water blocking performance, stability and high breaking strength.

[0005] Based on this, in a first aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of a fiber type bubble composite material, which comprises:

[0006] S1, spraying a foaming material liquid on a fiber felt, and then foaming to obtain foamed fibers;

[0007] S2, heat treating the foamed fibers, then spraying a sealing material liquid, and finally drying;

[0008] The components of the foaming material liquid include foaming microspheres, a polymer emulsion A and an additive A; the components of the sealing material liquid include a polymer emulsion B and an additive B; and the mass fraction of the foaming material liquid is not less than 15% based on the total mass of the fiber felt, the foaming material liquid and the sealing material liquid.

[0009] Preferably, the foaming microspheres are selected from heat-expandable microcapsules.

[0010] Preferably, the polymer emulsion A and the polymer emulsion B are each independently selected from water-based acrylate emulsion.

[0011] Preferably, the auxiliary A and the auxiliary B each independently comprise a flame retardant and / or a hydrophobic agent.

[0012] Preferably, the auxiliary A further comprises a nucleating agent.

[0013] Preferably, based on the total mass of the fiber felt, the foaming material liquid and the sealing material liquid, the mass percentage of the foaming material liquid is 30%-50%, the mass percentage of the sealing material liquid is 5%-15%, and the mass percentage of the fiber felt is 35%-55%.

[0014] Preferably, the mass content of the foaming microspheres in the foaming material liquid is 10%-28%, the mass content of the polymer emulsion A in the foaming material liquid is 70%-88%, the mass content of the auxiliary A in the foaming material liquid is 0.05%-2%, and the mass ratio of the polymer emulsion B to the auxiliary B is 100:(1-5).

[0015] Preferably, the foaming conditions include a temperature of 130-210℃ and a time of 1-10 minutes, and the heat treatment conditions include pressing the foamed fibers in a heated track-type press at 100-180℃ for 5-20 seconds.

[0016] The second aspect of the present application provides a fiber-based cellular composite material, which is prepared by the preparation method of the fiber-based cellular composite material according to the first aspect of the present application.

[0017] The technical solution of the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The foaming microspheres are used to physically foam the fiber voids, solving the problem of heat convection in the fiber felt thermal insulation material, and realizing the rapid and continuous foaming of the fiber felt, with the drying and foaming time shortened to several minutes.

[0019] 2. The spraying process is used to improve uniformity and avoid the difficulty of controlling the amount of addition in the traditional dipping process.

[0020] 3. The surface sealing material is used to avoid the damage to the loose structure of the foaming material and improve the wear resistance, water resistance and other properties. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0022] The first aspect of the present application provides a preparation method of a fibrous cellular composite material, comprising:

[0023] S1, spraying a foaming material liquid on a fiber felt, and then foaming to obtain foamed fibers;

[0024] S2, heat treating the foamed fibers, then spraying a sealing material liquid, and finally drying;

[0025] The components of the foaming material liquid include foaming microspheres, polymer emulsion A, and additive A; the components of the sealing material liquid include polymer emulsion B and additive B; and the mass fraction of the foaming material liquid is not less than 15% based on the total mass of the fiber felt, the foaming material liquid, and the sealing material liquid.

[0026] The fibrous cellular composite material prepared in the present application can solve the problem of not blocking heat convection of the fiber felt thermal insulation material, and the prepared fibrous cellular composite material also has excellent water blocking performance, stability, and high breaking strength, etc. The reason is that the fiber felt provides mechanical strength and skeleton support; the foaming material forms a large number of closed pores in the skeleton, uses the low thermal conductivity of static gas and the inhibition of closed pores to gas flow to achieve efficient heat insulation and anti-heat convection; the sealing material forms a dense protective layer to isolate water penetration and enhance the overall durability. The three work together to increase the comprehensive performance of the prepared fibrous cellular composite material.

[0027] In the above preparation method, the foaming microspheres are selected from heat-expandable microcapsules.

[0028] The heat-expandable microcapsules refer to foaming agents sealed in microcapsules. In the present application, heat-expandable microcapsules are used as foaming microspheres, which can better improve the comprehensive performance of the fibrous cellular composite material.

[0029] The heat-expandable microcapsules in the present application can be obtained from the market.

[0030] In some embodiments, the heat-expandable microcapsules are heat-expandable microcapsules of type 761WUF40 from AkzoNobel (China) Investment Co., Ltd.

[0031] In some embodiments, the heat-expandable microcapsules are heat-expandable microcapsules of type EM406 from Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.

[0032] In some embodiments, the heat-expandable microcapsules are heat-expandable microcapsules of type 180DU25 from Blenkin Co., Ltd.

[0033] The fiber felt in the present application can be any fiber felt in the art, such as polyimide fiber felt, glass fiber felt, etc., which can be obtained commercially. In some embodiments, the fiber felt is 40 g / m 2 polyimide fiber felt; in some embodiments, the fiber felt is 200 g / m 2 glass fiber felt; in some embodiments, the fiber felt is 300 g / m 2 glass fiber felt.

[0034] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion A and the polymer emulsion B are each independently selected from water-based acrylate emulsion.

[0035] The water-based acrylate emulsion in the present application can be an acrylate self-crosslinking anionic emulsion, or an acrylate emulsion copolymerized with other functional monomers.

[0036] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion A is selected from water-based acrylate emulsion of type 718 from Shanghai Baoli Jia Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0037] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion A is selected from water-based acrylate emulsion of type 5619 from Shanghai Baoli Jia Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0038] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion A is selected from water-based acrylate emulsion of type FS790 from Bafico GmbH.

[0039] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion B is selected from water-based acrylate emulsion of type 709S from Shanghai Baoli Jia Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0040] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion B is selected from water-based acrylate emulsion of type 5637 from Shanghai Baoli Jia Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0041] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion B is selected from water-based acrylate emulsion of type FS926T from Bafico GmbH.

[0042] In some embodiments, the auxiliary A and the auxiliary B each independently comprise a flame retardant and / or a hydrophobic agent.

[0043] In some embodiments, the auxiliary A comprises a flame retardant and a hydrophobic agent, preferably the mass ratio of the flame retardant to the hydrophobic agent is 1:(0.5-2), for example, 1:0.5, 1:0.8, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:1.8, or 1:2.

[0044] In some embodiments, the additive B includes a flame retardant and a hydrophobic agent, and preferably the mass ratio of the flame retardant to the hydrophobic agent is 1:(0.5-2), for example, 1:0.5, 1:0.8, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:1.8 or 1:2.

[0045] The use of the flame retardant and the hydrophobic agent in the present invention can better reduce the surface energy of the fiber-type foam composite material, and simultaneously improve the waterproofness of the fiber-type foam composite material.

[0046] In some preferred embodiments, the auxiliary agent A further includes a nucleating agent, that is, the auxiliary agent A includes a flame retardant, a hydrophobic agent and a nucleating agent; preferably, the mass ratio of the flame retardant to the hydrophobic agent is 1:(0.5-2):(1-2), for example, 1:0.5:1, 1:0.8:1.5, 1:1:1.5, 1:1.5:1.8, 1:1.8:1.9 or 1:2:2.

[0047] In some preferred embodiments, the flame retardant is selected from ammonium polyphosphate.

[0048] In some preferred embodiments, the hydrophobic agent is Dow Corning DC 87 hydrophobic agent.

[0049] In some preferred embodiments, the nucleating agent is a combination of carboxylated modified nanocellulose and silicon oxide, and preferably the mass ratio of carboxylated modified nanocellulose to silicon oxide is (2-5):1, for example, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 or 5:1.

[0050] The carboxylated modified nanocellulose in the present invention can be obtained commercially. In some embodiments, the carboxylated modified nanocellulose is purchased from Nanjing Tianlu Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., model TL-001.

[0051] The silicon oxide in the present invention can be obtained commercially. In some embodiments, the silicon oxide is of the type AEROSILR202.

[0052] The study found that when carboxylated modified nanocellulose interacts with silica, it can better increase the comprehensive performance of fiber-type foam composite materials such as thermal convection resistance, water washing resistance and fracture resistance. It is speculated that this is because the network of carboxylated modified nanocellulose can divide the bubbles to form independent closed cells, and at the same time, the carboxyl group can adsorb gas to enhance the gas and scatter infrared radiation, significantly reducing radiant heat conductivity; combined with silica to fill the bubble gap to extend the heat conduction path, block the invasion of water molecules, and ensure wet heat stability. In addition, the carboxyl group in the carboxylated modified nanocellulose condenses with the silanol group in the silica to form a covalent bond. The carboxylated modified nanocellulose bridges the cracks to dissipate energy, and the silica bears the stress, synergistically improving the mechanical strength.

[0053] In some preferred embodiments, the mass percentage of the foaming material liquid in the total mass of the fiber felt, the foaming material liquid and the sealing material liquid is 30-50%, for example 30%, 35%, 40%, 42%, 48% or 50%.

[0054] In the present application, the foaming material liquid needs to be controlled within the above range, which can better increase the performance of the fiber-based cellular composite material. The foaming component mainly serves to fill the fiber gap. When the amount of the foaming material liquid is too low, the fiber gap filling ratio is low. When the amount of the foaming material liquid is too high, although the fiber gap is fully filled, the surface is covered with excessive foaming material due to excessive foaming component, which is not conducive to the reduction of the thermal conductivity, and the surface flatness is poor, and the surface coating is damaged seriously after bending, and the breaking strength is low.

[0055] In some preferred embodiments, the mass percentage of the sealing material liquid in the total mass of the fiber felt, the foaming material liquid and the sealing material liquid is 5-15%, for example 5%, 8%, 10%, 12% or 15%.

[0056] In some preferred embodiments, the mass percentage of the fiber felt in the total mass of the fiber felt, the foaming material liquid and the sealing material liquid is 35-55%, for example 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% or 55%.

[0057] In some preferred embodiments, the mass content of the foaming microspheres in the foaming material liquid is 10-28%, for example 10%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 25% or 28%.

[0058] In some preferred embodiments, the mass content of the polymer emulsion A in the foaming material liquid is 70-88%, for example 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or 88%.

[0059] In some preferred embodiments, the mass content of the auxiliary agent A in the foaming material liquid is 0.05-2%, for example 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2% or 2%.

[0060] In some preferred embodiments, the mass ratio of the polymer emulsion B to the auxiliary agent B is 100:(1-5), for example 100:1, 100:2, 100:3, 100:4 or 100:5.

[0061] In the present application, the foaming material liquid can be obtained by stirring and mixing the foaming microspheres, the polymer emulsion A and the auxiliary agent A and filtering, as long as it can be uniformly mixed. The present application does not have special limitations thereon, and will not be described here.

[0062] In the present application, the sealing material liquid can be obtained by stirring and mixing the polymer emulsion B and the auxiliary B, and filtering, and the present application does not have special limitations on this, and no more will be described herein.

[0063] In step S1 of the present application, the spraying method is not particularly limited, and in order to make the spraying more uniform, the fiber felt can be spread on a mesh conveyor belt and conveyed at a speed of 1-20 m / min, and a reciprocating nozzle is provided above to spray the foaming material liquid on the fiber felt at a reciprocating speed of 40-60 m / min, and the nozzle is a fan-shaped atomizing nozzle.

[0064] In the present application, the foaming can be carried out in an oven, and in some embodiments, the foaming conditions include a temperature of 130-210°C and a time of 1-10 minutes.

[0065] In the present application, the heat treatment method in step S2 is not particularly limited, and in some embodiments, the heat treatment conditions include pressing and ironing the foamed fiber in a heated conveyor belt type ironing machine at 100-180°C for 5-20 seconds. The ironing pressure is generally 1 kgf / cm 2 .

[0066] In some preferred embodiments, the foamed fiber is first placed in a constant temperature and humidity environment with a temperature of 50-60°C and a humidity of 80±5% for 8-12 hours before being ironed.

[0067] In the present application, it is found that after treating the foamed fiber at a certain temperature and humidity before ironing, the thermal conductivity, moisture permeability and breaking strength of the final product prepared can be further increased, which is speculated to be because the water molecules can plasticize and eliminate the stress in the cells, and in addition, especially under the action of the nucleating agent, a hydrophobic Si-O-C barrier is formed. In addition, although a certain humidity may expand the fiber network micropores, so that the final vapor transmission rate will be slightly reduced, but under the action of the nucleating agent, the decrease is not obvious.

[0068] In step S2 of the present application, the spraying method is not particularly limited, and the present application does not have more to describe.

[0069] In some embodiments, in step S2, the drying conditions include a temperature of 110-130°C.

[0070] The drying time in step S2 of the present application is not particularly limited, as long as it can be dried.

[0071] In some preferred embodiments, the method for preparing the fiber-based cellular composite material comprises:

[0072] S11, mixing and filtering the foaming microspheres, polymer emulsion A and auxiliary agent A to obtain a foaming material liquid; mixing and filtering polymer emulsion B and auxiliary agent B to obtain a sealing material liquid;

[0073] S12, spreading the fiber felt on a mesh conveyor belt and conveying at a speed of 1-20 m / min, and spraying the foaming material liquid on the fiber felt at a reciprocating speed of 40-60 m / min by a reciprocating nozzle above, the nozzle being a fan-shaped atomizing nozzle, and then drying and foaming in an oven at 130-210℃ for 1-10 minutes to obtain foamed fiber;

[0074] S21, pressing the foamed fiber in a heated track-type press at 100-180℃, 1kgf / cm 2 pressure for 5-20 seconds;

[0075] S22, then spraying the sealing material liquid on the surface of the foamed fiber and drying in a drying tunnel at 110-130℃.

[0076] In some preferred embodiments, the preparation method of the fiber-based cellular composite material comprises:

[0077] S11, mixing and filtering the foaming microspheres, polymer emulsion A and auxiliary agent A to obtain a foaming material liquid; mixing and filtering polymer emulsion B and auxiliary agent B to obtain a sealing material liquid;

[0078] S12, spreading the fiber felt on a mesh conveyor belt and conveying at a speed of 1-20 m / min, and spraying the foaming material liquid on the fiber felt at a reciprocating speed of 40-60 m / min by a reciprocating nozzle above, the nozzle being a fan-shaped atomizing nozzle, and then drying and foaming in an oven at 130-210℃ for 1-10 minutes to obtain foamed fiber;

[0079] S21, placing the foamed fiber in a constant temperature and humidity environment with a temperature of 50-60℃ and a humidity of 80±5% for 8-12 hours, and then pressing in a heated track-type press at 100-180℃, 1kgf / cm 2 pressure for 5-20 seconds;

[0080] S22, then spraying the sealing material liquid on the surface of the foamed fiber and drying in a drying tunnel at 110-130℃.

[0081] The second aspect of the present application provides a fiber-based cellular composite material prepared by the preparation method of the fiber-based cellular composite material provided in the first aspect of the present application.

[0082] The present application can be better understood in conjunction with the following examples. These examples are intended to represent specific embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

[0083] Example

[0084] Example 1

[0085] The preparation method of the fibrous cellular composite material comprises:

[0086] S11, mixing and filtering the foaming microspheres, the polymer emulsion A and the auxiliary agent A to obtain a foaming material liquid; mixing and filtering the polymer emulsion B and the auxiliary agent B to obtain a sealing material liquid;

[0087] S12, spreading the fibrous mat on a mesh conveyor belt and conveying at a speed of 5 m / min, and above is a reciprocating nozzle, spraying the foaming material liquid on the fibrous mat at a reciprocating speed of 60 m / min, the nozzle is a fan-shaped atomizing nozzle, and then drying and foaming in an oven at 150℃ for 2.5 minutes to obtain foamed fibers;

[0088] S21, foaming the fibers in a heated caterpillar press at 110℃, 1kgf / cm 2 pressure for 20 seconds;

[0089] S22, then spraying the sealing material liquid on the surface of the foamed fibers and drying in an oven at 120℃ to obtain the fibrous cellular composite material.

[0090] Wherein:

[0091] The fibrous mat is a 40g / m 2 polyimide fibrous mat from Shandong Aorong Garments Co., Ltd.;

[0092] The foaming microspheres are thermal expansion microcapsules of type 761WUF40 from AkzoNobel (China) Investment Co., Ltd.;

[0093] The polymer emulsion A is a water-based acrylate emulsion of type 718 from Shanghai Baolijia Chemical Co., Ltd.;

[0094] The auxiliary agent A and the auxiliary agent B are both polyphosphonium ammonium and Dow Corning DC 87 hydrophobic agent with a mass ratio of 1:0.8;

[0095] The mass ratio of the foaming microspheres, the polymer emulsion A and the auxiliary agent A is 100:600:2;

[0096] The polymer emulsion B is a water-based acrylate emulsion of type 709S from Shanghai Baolijia Chemical Co., Ltd.;

[0097] The mass ratio of the polymer emulsion B and the auxiliary agent B is 100:2;

[0098] The mass ratio of the fibrous mat, the foaming material liquid and the sealing material liquid is 100:80:10.

[0099] Example 2

[0100] The preparation method of the fiber-based cellular composite material comprises:

[0101] S11, mixing and filtering the foaming microspheres, the polymer emulsion A and the auxiliary agent A to obtain a foaming material liquid; mixing and filtering the polymer emulsion B and the auxiliary agent B to obtain a sealing material liquid;

[0102] S12, spreading the fiber mat on a mesh conveyor belt and conveying at a speed of 3 m / min, spraying the foaming material liquid on the fiber mat at a reciprocating speed of 60 m / min by using a reciprocating nozzle above, the nozzle being a fan-shaped atomizing nozzle, and then drying and foaming in an oven at 160℃ for 4 minutes to obtain foamed fibers;

[0103] S21, foaming the fibers in a heated caterpillar press at 140℃, 1 kgf / cm 2 pressure for 15 seconds;

[0104] S22, then spraying the sealing material liquid on the surface of the foamed fibers and drying in a drying tunnel at 120℃ to obtain the fiber-based cellular composite material.

[0105] Wherein:

[0106] The fiber mat is a 200g / m 2 glass fiber mat from Hebei Nuao Construction Engineering Co., Ltd.;

[0107] The foaming microspheres are thermal expansion microcapsules of type EM406 from Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., Japan;

[0108] The polymer emulsion A is a water-based acrylate emulsion of type 5619 from Shanghai Baolijia Chemical Co., Ltd.;

[0109] The auxiliary agent A and the auxiliary agent B are both polyphosphates with a mass ratio of 1:0.8 and Dow Corning DC 87 hydrophobic agent;

[0110] The mass ratio of the foaming microspheres, the polymer emulsion A and the auxiliary agent A is 100:400:1;

[0111] The polymer emulsion B is a water-based acrylate emulsion of type 5637 from Shanghai Baolijia Chemical Co., Ltd.;

[0112] The mass ratio of the polymer emulsion B and the auxiliary agent B is 100:1;

[0113] The mass ratio of the fiber mat, the foaming material liquid and the sealing material liquid is 100:120:30.

[0114] Example 3

[0115] The preparation method of the fiber-based cellular composite material comprises:

[0116] S11, mixing and filtering the foaming microspheres, polymer emulsion A and auxiliary agent A to obtain a foaming material liquid; mixing and filtering polymer emulsion B and auxiliary agent B to obtain a sealing material liquid;

[0117] S12, spreading the fiber felt on a mesh conveyor belt and conveying at a speed of 3 m / min, and above is a reciprocating nozzle, spraying the foaming material liquid on the fiber felt at a reciprocating speed of 60 m / min, the nozzle is a fan-shaped atomizing nozzle, then drying and foaming in an oven at 190°C for 2 minutes to obtain foamed fiber;

[0118] S21, foaming the fiber in a heated caterpillar press at 150°C, 1 kgf / cm 2 pressure for 10 seconds;

[0119] S22, then spraying the sealing material liquid on the surface of the foamed fiber and drying in an oven at 120°C to obtain a fiber-based cellular composite material.

[0120] Wherein:

[0121] The fiber felt is 300 g / m 2 glass fiber felt from Jinan Huolong Hot Ceramic Co., Ltd.;

[0122] The foaming microspheres are hot-expanding microcapsules of type 180DU25 from Bluestar Co., Ltd., USA;

[0123] The polymer emulsion A is an aqueous acrylate emulsion of type FS790 from Bafu Co., Ltd.;

[0124] The auxiliary agent A and the auxiliary agent B are both polyphosphonium ammonium and Dow Corning DC 87 hydrophobic agent with a mass ratio of 1:0.8;

[0125] The mass ratio of the foaming microspheres, the polymer emulsion A and the auxiliary agent A is 100:300:1;

[0126] The polymer emulsion B is an aqueous acrylate emulsion of type FS926T from Bafu Co., Ltd.;

[0127] The mass ratio of the polymer emulsion B and the auxiliary agent B is 100:1;

[0128] The mass ratio of the fiber felt, the foaming material liquid and the sealing material liquid is 100:80:20.

[0129] Example 4

[0130] According to the method of Example 1, the difference is that:

[0131] The mass ratio of the fiber felt, the foaming material liquid and the sealing material liquid is 100:210:10;

[0132] The rest is the same as example 1, and finally a fibrous cellular composite material is prepared.

[0133] Example 5

[0134] According to the method of example 1, except that:

[0135] The mass ratio of foamed microspheres, polymer emulsion A and auxiliary agent A is 100:600:6;

[0136] The auxiliary agent A is ammonium polyphosphate, Dow Corning DC 87 hydrophobic agent and nucleating agent with a mass ratio of 1:0.8:1.5;

[0137] The nucleating agent is carboxyl-modified nanocellulose and silicon oxide with a mass ratio of 3:1;

[0138] The carboxyl-modified nanocellulose is purchased from Nanjing Tianlu Nanometer Technology Co., Ltd., and the model is TL-001; the silicon oxide is AEROSIL R202;

[0139] The rest is the same as example 1, and finally a fibrous cellular composite material is prepared.

[0140] Example 6

[0141] According to the method of example 1, except that:

[0142] The mass ratio of foamed microspheres, polymer emulsion A and auxiliary agent A is 100:600:6;

[0143] The auxiliary agent A is ammonium polyphosphate, Dow Corning DC 87 hydrophobic agent and nucleating agent with a mass ratio of 1:0.8:1.5;

[0144] The nucleating agent is carboxyl-modified nanocellulose;

[0145] The carboxyl-modified nanocellulose is purchased from Nanjing Tianlu Nanometer Technology Co., Ltd., and the model is TL-001;

[0146] The rest is the same as example 1, and finally a fibrous cellular composite material is prepared.

[0147] Example 7

[0148] According to the method of example 1, except that:

[0149] The mass ratio of foamed microspheres, polymer emulsion A and auxiliary agent A is 100:600:6;

[0150] The auxiliary agent A is ammonium polyphosphate, Dow Corning DC 87 hydrophobic agent and nucleating agent with a mass ratio of 1:0.8:1.5;

[0151] The nucleating agent is silicon oxide;

[0152] The silicon oxide is AEROSIL R202;

[0153] The rest is the same as example 1, and finally a fibrous cellular composite material is prepared.

[0154] Example 8

[0155] According to the method of example 6, except that:

[0156] In step S21, the foamed fiber is first placed in a constant temperature and humidity environment with humidity of 55℃ and humidity of 85% for 8 hours, and then pressed in a heating belt press at 150℃, 1kgf / cm 2 pressure for 10 seconds;

[0157] The rest is the same as example 6, and finally a fibrous cellular composite material is prepared.

[0158] Comparative example 1

[0159] According to the method of example 1, except that:

[0160] The polymer emulsion A and the auxiliary A are mixed and filtered to obtain a foaming material liquid, and the mass ratio of the polymer emulsion A to the auxiliary A is 600:2;

[0161] The rest is the same as example 1, and finally a fibrous cellular composite material is prepared.

[0162] Comparative example 2

[0163] According to the method of example 1, except that:

[0164] The mass ratio of the fibrous felt, the foaming material liquid and the sealing material liquid is 100:15:10;

[0165] The rest is the same as example 1, and finally a fibrous cellular composite material is prepared.

[0166] Performance test

[0167] The fibrous cellular composite materials in the examples and comparative examples are respectively tested for the following performances;

[0168] The thermal conductivity is tested by GB / T 38453-2019 Protective Clothing Thermal Insulating Clothing, which is used to evaluate the thermal conductivity of materials without load and with load, and is used to evaluate the thermal insulation performance of the material. The lower the thermal conductivity, the better the thermal insulation, and vice versa. The thermal conductivity under load is mainly used to evaluate the difference in thermal conductivity of the material before and after loading. The smaller the change from the initial sample represents the better the compression resistance of the material, indicating that the fiber slip is smaller and the gap between the fibers is more dense. The thermal conductivity after washing is mainly used to evaluate the change in thermal conductivity of the material under water and kneading conditions. The water temperature is 20 degrees, the washing time is 5 minutes, and there is no detergent. The smaller the change from the initial sample represents the more stable the material.

[0169] The air permeability is determined by GB / T 5453-1997 Textiles - Determination of air permeability of fabrics, which is used to evaluate the heat convection. The higher the air permeability, the stronger the heat convection, which is not conducive to heat insulation.

[0170] The moisture permeability is determined by GB / T 12704.2-2009 Textiles - Test methods for water vapour permeability - Part 2: Evaporimeter method A, which is used to evaluate the water resistance. The higher the moisture permeability, the worse the water resistance.

[0171] The transverse breaking strength is determined by GB / T 24218.3-2010 Textiles - Test methods for nonwovens - Part 3: Determination of breaking force and elongation (strip method), which is used to evaluate the breaking effect of the material.

[0172] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0173] Table 1 Test results

[0174]

[0175]

[0176] The blank group is the polyimide fiber felt alone in Example 1.

[0177] From the test results in Table 1, it can be seen that the fiber-based cellular composite material prepared in the present application not only reduces the problem of non-blocking heat convection of the fiber felt thermal insulation material, but also has more excellent thermal insulation and mechanical properties.

[0178] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, which should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a fiber-based foam composite material, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises: S1, spraying a foaming material liquid on a fiber felt, and then foaming to obtain foamed fiber; S2, heat treating the foamed fiber, then spraying a sealing material liquid, and finally drying; The components of the foaming material liquid include foaming microspheres, polymer emulsion A and additive A; the components of the sealing material liquid include polymer emulsion B and additive B; the mass ratio of the foaming material liquid is not less than 15% based on the total mass of the fiber felt, the foaming material liquid and the sealing material liquid.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fiber-based cellular composite material is prepared by a process comprising: The foaming microspheres are selected from heat-expandable microcapsules.

3. The method for preparing the fiber-based foam composite material according to claim 1, wherein: The polymer emulsion A and the polymer emulsion B are each independently selected from water-based acrylate emulsion.

4. The method for preparing the fiber-based foam composite material according to claim 1, wherein: The additive A and the additive B each independently include a flame retardant and / or a hydrophobic agent.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the fiber-based cellular composite material is prepared by a process comprising: The additive A further includes a nucleating agent.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fiber-based cellular composite material is prepared by a process comprising: Based on the total mass of the fiber felt, the foaming material liquid and the sealing material liquid, the mass ratio of the foaming material liquid is 30%-50%, the mass ratio of the sealing material liquid is 5%-15%, and the mass ratio of the fiber felt is 35%-55%.

7. The method for preparing the fiber-based foam composite material according to claim 1, wherein: The mass content of the foaming microspheres in the foaming material liquid is 10%-28%, the mass content of the polymer emulsion A in the foaming material liquid is 70%-88%, the mass content of the additive A in the foaming material liquid is 0.05%-2%, and the mass ratio of the polymer emulsion B to the additive B is 100:(1-5).

8. The process for preparing a fibrous cellular composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The foaming conditions include a temperature of 130-210℃ and a time of 1-10 minutes; the heat treatment conditions include pressing the foamed fiber in a heated track-type press at 100-180℃ for 5-20 seconds.

9. A fibrous cellular composite material, characterized by The fiber-based cellular composite material is prepared by the preparation method of the fiber-based cellular composite material according to any one of claims 1-8.

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