Anti-seismic drawing equipment based on liquid buffering

Abstract

The anti-seismic drawing equipment based on liquid buffering comprises a drawing device, a working chamber, a first buffering chamber and a second buffering chamber, the drawing device is arranged in the working chamber, the working chamber is suspended in a buffering solution of the first buffering chamber, and the first buffering chamber is arranged in the second buffering chamber in a vacuum state; the working chamber is suspended in a buffer solution, high-frequency and large-amplitude impact instantaneously generated in the drawing process can be efficiently absorbed by utilizing viscous damping and density characteristics of the liquid, and the anti-seismic effect is improved; meanwhile, the vacuum state of the second buffer chamber can effectively obstruct sound transmission, vibration transmission is reduced in cooperation with the nested structure, the defect that a traditional sound insulation cover cannot obstruct low and medium frequency noise is overcome, the influence of high-strength noise generated by drawing operation on the surrounding environment is greatly reduced, and the sound insulation effect is improved. And the stability and the environmental protection property of equipment operation can be improved while the test precision is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of drawing machines, in particular to an anti-vibration drawing equipment based on liquid buffering. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the drawing test of heavy steel cables, steel bars and other test pieces, the drawing device will produce violent vibration when working due to the stress deformation, fracture and other phenomena of the test piece, accompanied by high-intensity noise, which not only affects the test accuracy, but also may cause damage to the equipment itself and the surrounding environment.

[0003] In the prior art, the anti-vibration of the drawing device depends on the spring structure, and the vibration energy is absorbed by the elastic deformation of the spring. However, the spring anti-vibration has obvious defects. First, the rigidity of the spring can only effectively buffer the vibration of a specific frequency, and the absorption capacity of the high-frequency and large-amplitude impact generated in the drawing process is limited, and the anti-vibration effect is poor. Second, the spring is prone to fatigue deformation under long-term stress, and needs to be frequently maintained and replaced, which increases the operation cost of the equipment. Third, the rigid connection between the spring and the equipment parts will aggravate the vibration transmission, and the noise caused by vibration will be further amplified, which is difficult to meet the requirement of silence in special industrial scenes.

[0004] In addition, the noise reduction measures of the existing equipment are mostly simple soundproof covers, which cannot effectively block the medium and low frequency noise generated by the drawing operation, and the noise pollution problem is prominent.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a drawing equipment that can realize efficient anti-vibration and significant noise reduction at the same time to solve the problems of poor spring anti-vibration effect and insufficient noise control in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide an anti-vibration drawing equipment based on liquid buffering.

[0007] The present application provides an anti-vibration drawing equipment based on liquid buffering, comprising: a drawing device for fixing and drawing test pieces; a working chamber, the drawing device is arranged in the working chamber; a first buffer chamber, the working chamber is arranged in the first buffer chamber, the first buffer chamber is used for loading buffer liquid, and the working chamber is suspended in the buffer liquid during testing; a second buffer chamber, the first buffer chamber is arranged in the second buffer chamber, and the second buffer chamber is in a vacuum state during testing, which can play a noise reduction role.

[0008] Further, the buffer solution is composed of a base solution, a solid-phase enhancer and a functional additive; the base solution accounts for 86±2wt% of the total mass of the buffer solution, and the base solution includes 22%-25wt% of industrial-grade calcium chloride, 3%-5wt% of industrial-grade magnesium chloride, and the balance is deionized water; the solid-phase enhancer accounts for 12±1wt% of the total mass of the buffer solution, and the solid-phase enhancer includes 7-8wt% of coal gangue powder, 3.5-4.5wt% of vulcanized rubber powder and 0.5-1wt% of graphene-coated ceramic microspheres; the functional additive accounts for 1.8±0.2wt% of the total mass of the buffer solution, and the functional additive includes 0.6-0.8wt% of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5-0.7wt% of polyacrylamide, 0.3-0.5wt% of sodium molybdate and 0.3-0.5wt% of xanthan gum.

[0009] Further, the first buffer chamber is provided with a stirrer, which can prevent the buffer solution from stratifying when working; and / or, the first buffer chamber is provided with a temperature sensor and a heat exchange mechanism, which can control the temperature of the buffer solution to be 15-35℃ in cooperation; and / or, the first buffer chamber is provided with an ultrasonic disperser, which can break up the coal gangue aggregates by acting on the aggregation area of the coal gangue powder; and / or, when the temperature of the buffer solution is greater than 30℃, 0.01-0.03wt% of hindered phenolic antioxidant is added to the buffer solution, which can inhibit the aging of the vulcanized rubber powder; and / or, the inner wall of the first buffer chamber is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene layer with a thickness of 0.5-1mm and a surface roughness of not more than 0.8μm, and the polytetrafluoroethylene layer can avoid wall surface abrasion by coal gangue abrasive particles.

[0010] Further, the immersion depth of the working chamber satisfies: ; wherein, is the drainage volume of the working chamber, , is the mass of the working chamber, is the mass of the drawing device, is the density of the buffer solution; k is the immersion depth characteristic coefficient, 0.4≤k≤0.6; the liquid-buffer-based anti-seismic drawing equipment further includes a buffer solution circulating supply mechanism, which includes: a liquid bin for storing the buffer solution and communicating with the first buffer chamber; a liquid level detector for detecting the immersion depth of the working chamber in the buffer solution; when the liquid level detector detects that the immersion depth of the working chamber is less than h, the liquid bin can supply the buffer solution to the first buffer chamber; when the liquid level detector detects that the immersion depth of the working chamber is greater than h, the buffer solution in the first buffer chamber can flow back to the liquid bin.

[0011] Further, the liquid-buffer-based anti-seismic drawing equipment further includes a displacement limiting mechanism connected to the working chamber and the first buffer chamber, which is used to limit the displacement of the working chamber and allow the working chamber to vibrate within a preset amplitude.

[0012] Further, the displacement limiting mechanism comprises four sets of elastic buffering structures symmetrically arranged along the axis direction of the working chamber and distributed in a cross shape, each of the elastic buffering structures comprising: a guide sleeve fixed to the inner wall of the first buffering chamber, the axis of the guide sleeve pointing to the center of the working chamber in the horizontal direction; a guide rod slidingly arranged in the guide sleeve and connected to the outer wall of the working chamber, the guide rod being in clearance fit with the guide sleeve with a clearance of 5-10 mm to reserve a shaking space; and a two-section spring sleeved on the guide rod and limited between the guide sleeve and the working chamber, the stiffness of one end of the two-section spring close to the guide sleeve being smaller than that of the other end close to the working chamber; when the working chamber generates displacement in the horizontal and / or vertical direction due to shaking, the guide rod moves in the guide sleeve, and the two-section spring can absorb energy through elastic deformation; when the shaking amplitude is small, the low-stiffness spring section mainly deforms without hindering the shaking; when the displacement approaches the preset limit, the high-stiffness spring section is compressed to further limit the displacement, thereby avoiding the working chamber from touching the wall.

[0013] Further, the working chamber has a double-shell structure, comprising: an outer layer made of lightweight alloy with a material density of ≤2.5 g / cm 3 ; and an inner layer made of high-stiffness plastic with an elastic modulus of ≥5 GPa; the outer layer and the inner layer are filled with closed-cell foam, which can attenuate vibration.

[0014] Further, the bottom of the working chamber is provided with four sets of counterweight adjusting cabins symmetrically arranged along the axis direction of the working chamber and distributed in a cross shape, the counterweight adjusting cabins being capable of adjusting the weight by injecting or discharging counterweight liquid to improve the tilting problem of the working chamber; the geometric center of the working chamber is provided with an inclination sensor capable of detecting the tilting angle of the working chamber in real time to feed back whether the floating posture of the working chamber is unbalanced.

[0015] Further, the second buffering chamber comprises a box body and a cover body, the cover body being openably and closably arranged on the box body, the box body being arranged as a sandwich structure, and the vacuum degree in the sandwich structure being adjustable; in the normal operation mode, the vacuum degree in the sandwich structure is 10 -1 Pa; in the peak noise reduction mode, the vacuum degree in the sandwich structure is 10 -2 Pa; and in the standby mode, the vacuum degree in the sandwich structure is 10 3 Pa; the liquid-buffering-based anti-shaking type drawing device further comprises: a primary pump for reducing the vacuum degree in the sandwich structure, the limit vacuum degree of the primary pump being 10 -1 Pa; and a secondary pump for achieving a vacuum degree of 10 -2 Pa; the peak noise reduction mode is triggered when the sound pressure level in the working chamber detected by the noise sensor is greater than 110 dB or the impact load of the drawing device detected by the acceleration sensor is greater than 5 kN.

[0016] Further, a porous sound absorption plate is arranged between the second buffer chamber and the first buffer chamber, the porous sound absorption plate is made of polyurethane foam with gradient density, and the porosity is 60%-80%.

[0017] The application provides an anti-vibration type drawing device based on liquid buffering, which comprises a drawing device, a working chamber, a first buffer chamber and a second buffer chamber, the drawing device is arranged in the working chamber, the working chamber is suspended in the buffer liquid in the first buffer chamber, and the first buffer chamber is arranged in the second buffer chamber in a vacuum state; the working chamber is suspended in the buffer liquid, the viscous damping and density characteristics of the liquid can be used to efficiently absorb high-frequency and large-amplitude impacts generated in the drawing process, so that the anti-vibration effect is significantly improved, and the problem of frequent maintenance caused by spring fatigue can be avoided; at the same time, the vacuum state of the second buffer chamber can effectively block the sound propagation, and the nested structure can reduce the vibration transmission, so that the disadvantages of the traditional soundproof cover that cannot block the middle and low frequency noises are solved, the influence of high-strength noise generated in the drawing operation on the surrounding environment is greatly reduced, and the stability and environmental protection of the equipment operation can be improved while ensuring the test precision. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an anti-vibration type drawing device based on liquid buffering provided by the application; Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a structural cross-sectional view of the anti-vibration type drawing device based on liquid buffering shown in FIG. 1; Figure 1 Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of another anti-vibration type drawing device based on liquid buffering provided by the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the above objectives, characteristics and advantages of the application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a full understanding of the application. However, the application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the application, so the application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] The application provides an anti-vibration type drawing device based on liquid buffering, which comprises: a drawing device 100 for fixing and drawing a test piece; a working chamber 1, wherein the drawing device 100 is arranged in the working chamber 1; a first buffer chamber 2, wherein the working chamber 1 is arranged in the first buffer chamber 2, the first buffer chamber 2 is used for loading buffer liquid, and the working chamber 1 is suspended in the buffer liquid during testing; and a second buffer chamber 3, wherein the first buffer chamber 2 is arranged in the second buffer chamber 3, and the second buffer chamber 3 is in a vacuum state during testing, so as to play a noise reduction role. ​

[0021] Specifically, the drawing device 100 comprises a power assembly (such as a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, etc., for providing drawing power), a clamping mechanism (such as two sets of symmetrically arranged chucks, for fixing both ends of the test piece), a guide assembly (parallelly arranged guide rails, for ensuring the straight movement of the chucks and avoiding the force deviation of the test piece), and a force sensor (installed between the chucks and the power assembly, for monitoring the size of the drawing force in real time and ensuring the range adaptation to the strength range of the test piece).

[0022] During the test, the test piece such as a steel cable or a steel bar is fixed at both ends of the two sets of chucks; the power assembly is started to drive the two sets of chucks to move in opposite directions along the guide rails to apply an axial tension to the test piece; as the tension increases, the test piece deforms until it reaches the breaking limit; during the drawing process, the force sensor records the tension data until the test of the mechanical properties (such as the tensile strength and the elongation) of the test piece is completed.

[0023] Specifically, the working chamber 1, the first buffer chamber 2, and the second buffer chamber 3 are nested in a hierarchical structure.

[0024] In a specific embodiment, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 the working chamber 1, the first buffer chamber 2, and the second buffer chamber 3 are all cuboid cavities; the working chamber 1 is located inside the first buffer chamber 2, which is filled with a buffer solution, and the working chamber 1 is suspended in the buffer solution.

[0025] To ensure that the buffer solution floats the working chamber 1 and can play a damping role, the density of the buffer solution needs to be higher than the overall average density of the working chamber 1 (including the drawing device 100). Thus, the buffer solution can provide sufficient buoyancy to offset the gravity and prevent the working chamber 1 from sinking. At the same time, the buffer solution needs to have a certain viscosity, which has a certain fluidity to allow the working chamber 1 to freely and slightly displace when shaking, and can absorb the shaking energy through the internal friction resistance of the liquid to form an effective damping to the high-frequency and instantaneous impact generated during the drawing process, thereby reducing the vibration transmission efficiency. In addition, the buffer solution also needs to have stability and not be prone to stratification, precipitation of solid particles, or chemical property changes in temperature changes (15-35℃) and long-term use, so as to ensure that the density and viscosity are maintained in the design interval and the consistency of the buoyancy and damping effect is ensured. Considering long-term use, the compatibility of the buffer solution and the working chamber 1 material also needs to be ensured to avoid corrosion or wear of the working chamber 1 shell and sealing structure caused by solid-liquid contact, further avoid equipment damage caused by the characteristics of the buffer solution, and ensure the suspension stability and service life.

[0026] In an embodiment, the buffer solution can be mixed by industrial-grade chloride salt, rubber particles and water. After the chloride salt is dissolved, the overall density can be increased to ensure that the working chamber 1 can float; the rubber particles are uniformly dispersed therein, and the damping effect on the vibration can be enhanced by the friction between the particles. At the same time, the impact energy can be absorbed by the elastic deformation of the rubber particles to adapt to the buffering requirements when the working chamber 1 has a small displacement.

[0027] In another embodiment, the buffer solution can be composed of a high-concentration sulfate solution and ceramic micro-powder. The sulfate is used to provide a basic density so that the working chamber 1 obtains stable buoyancy; the ceramic micro-powder is uniformly suspended to form a liquid-solid mixed system, which can use particle collision and liquid viscosity to jointly attenuate vibration to quickly absorb energy when the working chamber 1 vibrates and avoid excessive vibration transmission.

[0028] The present application does not limit the specific components of the buffer solution as long as it can float the working chamber 1 and the drawing device 100 and play a role in shock absorption and buffering.

[0029] The working chamber 1 serves as a mounting carrier of the drawing device 100 and can concentrate the vibration generated during the drawing process to the external buffer solution, and then use liquid damping to achieve shock resistance. At the same time, the working chamber 1 can protect the drawing device 100 and avoid its erosion by the buffer solution.

[0030] Optionally, the working chamber 1 adopts a flip cover structure, including an upper cover body that can be flipped upward around a hinge and a lower cavity, the drawing device 100 is installed in the lower cavity, a sealing ring is arranged between the upper cover body and the lower cavity, and after the upper cover body and the lower cavity are closed, the upper cover body and the lower cavity can be tightly locked through the sealing ring uniformly distributed therebetween, thereby preventing the buffer solution from seeping into the inside of the working chamber 1 and eroding the precision components of the drawing device 100.

[0031] Continuing to refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the first buffer chamber 2 is a rectangular cavity with an open top, and the cavity volume is adapted to the size of the working chamber 1 to ensure that the working chamber 1 has enough space to float and vibrate. The first buffer chamber 2 contains a buffer solution, and the working chamber 1 is partially immersed in the buffer solution.

[0032] The working chamber 1 is suspended in the buffer solution, and the buffer solution can generate a damping force by using the viscosity and density characteristics of the liquid when the working chamber 1 vibrates, and absorb impact energy through laminar friction, particle collision and other ways.

[0033] Optionally, the first buffer chamber 2 has a flip cover structure, and when the test piece is put in or taken out, the first buffer chamber 2 is opened; during the drawing process, the first buffer chamber 2 is closed, which can not only play a role in protection and noise reduction, but also can avoid the buffer solution from spilling and affecting the external environment.

[0034] Continuing to refer to Figure 1and Figure 2 The second buffer chamber 3 is also a rectangular cavity with an open top, and the cavity volume is adapted to the size of the first buffer chamber 2. The first buffer chamber 2 is suspended in the second buffer chamber 3 by a support (which can be a rigid support, or a spring can be added to further reduce shock through elastic support).

[0035] To build a vacuum, in one embodiment, the first buffer chamber 2 and the second buffer chamber 3 are both flip-top structures. After the test piece is in place, the first buffer chamber 2 and the second buffer chamber 3 are closed, and a vacuum pump is used to evacuate the second buffer chamber 3.

[0036] To avoid evacuating and breaking the vacuum every time, in another embodiment, at least one closed interlayer is formed between the second buffer chamber 3 and the first buffer chamber 2, and the interlayer is evacuated. Alternatively, in yet another embodiment, the second buffer chamber 3 is a sandwich structure, the interlayer is evacuated, and the inner wall of the second buffer chamber 3 is close to or in contact with the outer wall of the first buffer chamber 2. The interlayer is connected to the vacuum pump, and the vacuum degree in the interlayer can also be controlled.

[0037] As is easily understood, sound waves cannot propagate in a vacuum. By building a vacuum layer, the noise generated by pulling can be effectively blocked, thereby reducing the noise pollution of the pulling operation and meeting the quietness requirements of industrial scenes.

[0038] More specifically, the vibration generated by the pulling device 100 is transmitted to the working chamber 1, which is suspended in the buffer liquid and absorbs most of the vibration energy (anti-shock) through liquid damping; at the same time, the noise generated by pulling passes through the working chamber 1 shell, the buffer liquid, and the first buffer chamber 2 shell in turn, and is finally blocked by the vacuum interlayer of the second buffer chamber 3 (noise reduction).

[0039] In summary, the anti-shock type pulling equipment based on liquid buffer provided by the present application solves the problems of poor anti-shock effect and insufficient noise control of traditional pulling equipment by positioning the pulling device 100 in the working chamber 1, suspending the working chamber 1 in the buffer liquid of the first buffer chamber 2, and positioning the first buffer chamber 2 in the second buffer chamber 3 in a vacuum state. Compared with springs that can only buffer specific frequency vibrations, suspending the working chamber 1 in the buffer liquid can efficiently absorb the high-frequency and large-amplitude impacts generated instantaneously during the pulling process by taking advantage of the viscous damping and density characteristics of the liquid, thereby significantly improving the anti-shock effect and avoiding the problem of frequent maintenance caused by spring fatigue. At the same time, the vacuum state of the second buffer chamber 3 can effectively block the propagation of sound, and the nested structure can reduce vibration transmission, solving the drawback of traditional soundproof covers that cannot block mid-to-low-frequency noise. By significantly reducing the high-intensity noise generated by the pulling operation, the influence on the surrounding environment can be reduced, and the stability and environmental friendliness of the equipment operation can be improved while ensuring test accuracy.

[0040] In an embodiment, the buffer solution is composed of a base solution, a solid-phase reinforcing agent, and a functional additive; the base solution accounts for 86±2wt% of the total mass of the buffer solution, and the base solution includes 22%-25wt% of industrial-grade calcium chloride, 3%-5wt% of industrial-grade magnesium chloride, and the balance is deionized water; the solid-phase reinforcing agent accounts for 12±1wt% of the total mass of the buffer solution, and the solid-phase reinforcing agent includes 7-8wt% of coal gangue powder, 3.5-4.5wt% of vulcanized rubber powder, and 0.5-1wt% of graphene-coated ceramic microspheres; the functional additive accounts for 1.8±0.2wt% of the total mass of the buffer solution, and the functional additive includes 0.6-0.8wt% of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5-0.7wt% of polyacrylamide, 0.3-0.5wt% of sodium molybdate, and 0.3-0.5wt% of xanthan gum.

[0041] In the base solution, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride are high-concentration soluble salts (industrial grade requires to meet relevant chemical industry standards, such as HG / T 2327-2016), which functions to form a high-osmotic-pressure solution through dissolution and ionization, thereby increasing the density of the base solution, and the two can be stably dissolved at room temperature (avoiding salting out), providing basic buoyancy for the buffer solution and ensuring that the working chamber 1 can be suspended therein. Deionized water serves as a solvent, which is a dissolving medium for the salts and can also provide a dispersion environment for the solid-phase particles and the functional additive. The proportion of 86±2wt% is to ensure the salt concentration while reserving space for the subsequent addition of solid-phase and functional components, avoiding excessive viscosity of the overall system.

[0042] In the solid-phase reinforcing agent, coal gangue powder, as a low-cost industrial solid waste particle, can enhance the rigidity and shear resistance of the buffer solution, and can also enhance the energy absorption efficiency for high-frequency vibration through the friction between particles. The vulcanized rubber powder can specifically absorb the instantaneous impact energy generated by pulling due to its elastic deformation characteristics, and forms a “rigidity + elasticity” synergistic damping with the liquid damping, and this proportion can avoid excessive viscosity.

[0043] The graphene-coated ceramic microspheres include ceramic microspheres and a graphene coating layer. The ceramic microspheres are micron-sized hollow or solid spheres (particle size 5-50μm), and the base material is mainly ceramic materials such as alumina, zirconia, or silica, which have the characteristics of high strength, high temperature resistance, and good chemical stability. The hollow structure can reduce the overall density, and the solid structure can increase the hardness, which can be selected according to the density requirements of the buffer solution. The graphene coating layer is 1-5 layers of graphene (single-layer thickness about 0.34nm) coated on the surface of the ceramic microspheres by chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel method, or mechanical ball milling process. Graphene is a two-dimensional material composed of a single layer of carbon atoms, which has extremely high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength, and the surface has a certain adsorption property. Graphene can improve the particle dispersion, and the ceramic microspheres can optimize stress transmission through uniform distribution of rigid particles.

[0044] The combination of coal gangue powder, vulcanized rubber powder and graphene-coated ceramic microspheres can enhance the damping effect while further fine-tuning the density of the buffer solution to the target range.

[0045] Among the functional additives, sodium lignosulfonate can prevent solid particles from agglomerating through electrostatic repulsion, and ammonium polyacrylate can form steric hindrance to prevent particle settling, both of which can ensure the long-term uniformity of the buffer solution. Sodium molybdate can form a passivation film on the metal surface to inhibit the corrosion of the salt solution on the shell of the working chamber 1. Xanthan gum can adjust the viscosity to 80-100 mPa・s by thickening, enhancing the liquid damping without hindering the small amplitude vibration of the working chamber 1.

[0046] After the components are combined and mixed according to the above proportions, the final buffer solution can be stabilized at a density of 1.32-1.38 g / cm 3 At this density, the buffer solution can provide sufficient buoyancy to support the working chamber 1 in suspension. Within the normal temperature range (20-35℃), the viscosity of the buffer solution is 80-100 mPa・s, which can efficiently absorb the vibration energy generated by pulling through liquid viscosity, solid particle friction, and rubber powder elastic deformation, and can maintain long-term uniformity (no obvious stratification after 72 hours of standing), and has no corrosion to the equipment, meeting the needs of anti-seismic and stable operation.

[0047] Optionally, a stirrer is provided in the first buffer chamber 2, and the stirrer can prevent the buffer solution from stratifying when it is working.

[0048] The function of the stirrer is to break the natural sedimentation trend of the solid particles (such as coal gangue powder and vulcanized rubber powder) in the buffer solution through continuous or intermittent (such as 10 minutes of work and 5 minutes of stop) mechanical stirring, to ensure that the base fluid, solid phase enhancer and functional additives are uniformly dispersed in the buffer solution, and to avoid local density or viscosity abnormalities caused by stratification.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the stirrer adopts a paddle stirring assembly (including four inclined paddles) installed at the bottom center of the first buffer chamber 2, with a power of 500W and a adjustable speed (50-100 r / min) and a supporting timing control module.

[0050] After the buffer solution is initially injected into the first buffer chamber 2, the stirrer is started to continuously stir at a speed of 80 r / min for 10 minutes to ensure that the solid particles are fully mixed with the base fluid. During the test interval (such as an interval of ≥30 minutes between two pulling tests), the stirrer is started to stir at a speed of 60 r / min for 5 minutes to prevent particle settling during standing. In addition, before daily testing, the stirrer is started to stir at a speed of 50 r / min for 8 minutes to check the uniformity of the buffer solution (by detecting the density deviation at different depths with a densimeter to ensure that the deviation is ≤0.02 g / cm 3). Special conditions, such as ultrasonic disperser detects coal gangue micro powder agglomerate diameter > 50 μm, the synchronous start mixer (100 r / min) and ultrasonic disperser, collaborative crushing and dispersion of particles, stirring time is extended to 15 minutes.

[0051] Through the above operation, the buffer can be kept in uniform state in the test period of 72 hours, to ensure the consistency of the suspension stability and damping effect of the working chamber 1.

[0052] Optionally, the first buffer chamber 2 is provided with a temperature sensor and a heat exchange mechanism, and the temperature sensor and the heat exchange mechanism cooperate to control the temperature of the buffer solution at 15-35℃.

[0053] The temperature sensor and the heat exchange mechanism can stabilize the temperature of the buffer solution at 15-35℃ through real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment, so as to avoid the adverse effects of temperature fluctuation on the performance of the buffer solution and the operation of the equipment.

[0054] Specifically, the temperature sensor (such as PT100 type) can collect the temperature of the buffer solution in real time, and when the temperature exceeds the set range, the heat exchange mechanism is triggered. The heat exchange mechanism (such as electric heating module, refrigeration module, P / N module, etc.) can inhibit the sharp fluctuation of the viscosity of the buffer solution due to temperature change by heating or cooling, and at the same time, avoid the crystallization of calcium chloride solution at low temperature (below 5℃) to block the pipeline and affect the buffer circulation and the suspension stability of the working chamber 1, so as to ensure that the key parameters such as the density and viscosity of the buffer solution are maintained within the designed range, and the anti-seismic effect and smooth operation of the equipment are ensured.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, the temperature sensor installed in the first buffer chamber 2 collects temperature data every 10 seconds, the heat exchange mechanism adopts a coil type structure (with circulating medium inside), and is equipped with a 1kW electric heating sheet and a water chiller. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature drops to 12℃ (close to the lower limit of 15℃), the controller starts the electric heating sheet, heats the buffer solution through the coil until the temperature rises to 20℃, and then stops; when the temperature rises to 38℃ (exceeding the upper limit of 35℃), the water chiller starts to pass 15℃ cold water into the coil for heat exchange until the temperature drops to 30℃.

[0056] Optionally, the first buffer chamber 2 is also provided with a buffer circulation pump. If the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is lower than 5℃ in the extreme environment (such as the room temperature drops to 3℃ in winter), the buffer circulation pump is triggered synchronously in addition to the heating, so as to accelerate the flow of the liquid to make the heating uniform and prevent local crystallization. When the temperature is high, the use of the buffer circulation pump can also promote the flow of the buffer solution to make the cooling uniform.

[0057] Optionally, the first buffer chamber 2 is provided with an ultrasonic disperser, which acts on the aggregation area of the coal gangue micro powder and can break the coal gangue agglomerates.

[0058] The ultrasonic disperser uses cavitation effect generated by high-frequency mechanical vibration of 20 kHz to break up the agglomerates formed by coal gangue micro-powder (especially particles with a particle size of <5 pm). The cavitation bubbles generate strong impact force when they are instantaneously generated and destroyed in the liquid, which can break the Van der Waals force binding between particles, so that the agglomerates are dispersed into single particles or small aggregates, thereby avoiding local density unevenness and abnormal viscosity of the buffer solution caused by particle agglomeration, ensuring uniform distribution of the solid-phase reinforcing agent, and maintaining the shock-absorbing efficiency and buoyancy stability of the buffer solution.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, the transducer probe of the ultrasonic disperser is installed at the bottom of the first buffer chamber 2 near the corner where coal gangue micro-powder is prone to agglomerate, and the power density is set to 80 W / L. A particle monitoring sensor is provided (which detects the particle size of the agglomerates in real time through a laser particle size analyzer). When the equipment is running, the dispersion program is automatically triggered once every 8 hours of continuous operation. The probe operates at a frequency of 20 kHz for 10 minutes, and the sensor monitors the change in the particle size of the agglomerates during this period. If the diameter of the agglomerates is detected to be >50 pm (beyond the allowed range), an additional 5 minutes of dispersion time is added. When the buffer solution is replaced or new coal gangue micro-powder is added, a 15-minute intensive dispersion program is immediately started to ensure that the newly added particles are fully mixed with the original buffer solution. If local precipitation is found during the operation of the stirrer (such as a density difference of >0.03 g / cm 3 at the bottom detected by a densimeter), the ultrasonic disperser is simultaneously started to enhance the dispersion effect in cooperation with the stirrer.

[0060] In this way, the particle size of the coal gangue micro-powder agglomerates can be stably controlled to be <30 pm, and the density difference between the upper and lower layers of the buffer solution is ≤0.01 g / cm 3 , which helps to ensure the consistency of the shock-absorbing performance of the buffer solution.

[0061] Optionally, when the temperature of the buffer solution is greater than 30°C, 0.01-0.03 wt% of a hindered phenolic antioxidant is added to the buffer solution, which can inhibit the aging of vulcanized rubber powder.

[0062] For example, when the equipment performs ≥5 times of drawing tests per day, the mechanical friction of the drawing device 100 and the heat released by the deformation of the test piece are transferred to the buffer solution through the shell of the working chamber 1, and superimposed with the ambient temperature (such as the room temperature of 35°C in summer), which can gradually increase the temperature of the buffer solution from the initial 25°C to 32-35°C.

[0063] For another example, if the temperature sensor fails or the water chiller of the heat exchange mechanism stops (such as pipe blockage), the temperature of the buffer solution may exceed 30°C within 1-2 hours due to the input of environmental residual heat.

[0064] For example, when the ultimate tensile test is performed on a high-strength steel cable with a diameter of ≥ 50 mm, the output power of the tensile device is increased to more than 15 kW, the instantaneous heat release is accelerated, and the local temperature of the buffer solution rises to more than 30°C.

[0065] When these situations occur, the vulcanized rubber powder in the buffer solution contains unsaturated bonds, which are easily oxidized by oxygen in the buffer solution at a temperature > 30°C, causing the rubber powder to cross-link and become brittle, losing its elastic buffering capacity. At this time, the addition of 0.01-0.03wt% of a hindered phenolic antioxidant (such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol) can block the oxidation chain reaction by capturing free radicals, inhibit the aging of the rubber powder, and thus extend its effective service life, ensuring the stability of the elastic damping effect of the buffer solution.

[0066] In one embodiment, when the temperature sensor detects that the buffer solution temperature is > 30°C for 10 consecutive minutes, the total mass of the buffer solution is calculated (for example, the volume of the buffer solution in the first buffer chamber 2 is 2 m 3 , the density is 1.35 g / cm 3 , and the total mass is 2700 kg), and the required antioxidant mass is calculated as 0.02wt% (2700 kg x 0.02% = 0.54 kg); the antioxidant particles are dissolved in 5 L of buffer solution (previously taken from the first buffer chamber 1 or taken from the buffer solution stored in the liquid tank), and after stirring until complete dissolution, the solution is slowly injected through the liquid supplementing port of the first buffer chamber 2, and the stirrer (60 r / min) is started to stir for 10 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion of the solvent.

[0067] In another embodiment, a reagent storage tank is installed on the top of the first buffer chamber 2 and connected to the buffer solution circulation pipeline through a metering pump, and a 50% concentration of antioxidant solution (dissolved in an ethanol-water mixed solvent) is pre-stored in the reagent storage tank. When the temperature sensor detects that the buffer solution temperature is > 30°C, the controller automatically starts the metering pump, calculates the addition amount according to the preset ratio, and injects the solution into the buffer solution through the circulation pipeline; after the addition is completed, the stirrer automatically runs for 5 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion of the solvent.

[0068] Optionally, the inner wall of the first buffer chamber 2 is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene layer with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm and a surface roughness Ra≤0.8 μm. The polytetrafluoroethylene layer can prevent the coal gangue abrasive particles from wearing the wall surface.

[0069] The polytetrafluoroethylene layer serves as a protective layer to isolate the inner wall of the first buffer chamber 2 from the coal gangue micro-powder in the buffer solution, preventing abrasive wear of the metal cavity by solid particles during high-speed vibration. In addition, its chemical inertness can prevent corrosion of the inner wall by high-concentration salt solutions, thereby prolonging the service life of the first buffer chamber 2.

[0070] In addition, when the thickness is less than 0.5 mm, the protection function is lost due to damage caused by local friction or slight scratches during installation; when the thickness is greater than 1 mm, the material cost is increased, and the thick coating may be peeled off from the buffer chamber wall due to the difference in thermal expansion and contraction coefficients.

[0071] The design with a surface roughness Ra of 0.8 μm or less can reduce the contact area and frictional resistance between the wall and the coal gangue powder, reduce the cutting force of the particles on the coating, and avoid the formation of a "particle retention zone" on the rough surface to cause local wear.

[0072] In an embodiment, the immersion depth of the working chamber 1 satisfies: ; wherein, is the drainage volume of the working chamber 1, , is the mass of the working chamber 1, is the mass of the pulling device 100, is the density of the buffer solution; k is the immersion depth characteristic coefficient, and 0.4≤k≤0.6.

[0073] To stably suspend the working chamber 1 (and the pulling device 100) in the buffer solution, the buoyancy force must be equal to the total weight.

[0074] According to Archimedes' principle, the buoyancy force F 浮 =ρ l ·g·V w (ρ l is the density of the buffer solution, g is the acceleration of gravity, and V w is the drainage volume); the total weight G 总 =(M w +M d )g (M w is the mass of the working chamber 1, and M d is the mass of the pulling device 100).

[0075] From the balance F 浮 =G 总 , after eliminating g, we obtain: V w =(M w +M d ) / ρ l .

[0076] The geometric relationship between the "immersion depth h" and the "drainage volume V w " needs to be combined with the shape assumption of the working chamber 1 (usually approximated as a "cylinder with a fixed bottom area", such as a circular cylinder or a prism). If the bottom area of the immersed part of the working chamber 1 is S, then the drainage volume V w =S·h, and substituting the above formula gives: h=V w / S=(M w+M d ) / (ρ l ·S)。

[0077] In practical applications, the shape of the working chamber 1 may not be a "perfect cylinder" (e.g., there may be curves, convex structures), and the non-ideal fluid properties of the buffer solution (e.g., viscosity, density unevenness caused by particle suspension) will affect the distribution of buoyancy.

[0078] To simplify the calculation and adapt to engineering scenarios, an "empirical coefficient k" is introduced to modify the geometric relationship, and finally the following is fitted: .

[0079] Where the value range of k (0.4≤k≤0.6) is summarized through a large number of experimental tests. Under different combinations of working chamber 1 size, pulling device 100 mass, and buffer solution density, the actual immersion depth h is tested, and k is then fitted in reverse to determine that this range can cover the "error between theoretical calculation value and actual value within an acceptable range" under most working conditions.

[0080] The "cubic root" form ( ) is chosen because the relationship between volume V and linear size (such as depth h) is often geometrically proportional to the "cubic power" (similar to the volume of a sphere V∝r 3 , r is the radius), which can more reasonably relate "volume" and "linear immersion depth".

[0081] In short, the formula is a combination of the physical principle of "buoyancy balance" and engineering experience fitting, and k is an empirical coefficient obtained through experimental data in reverse calibration, used to match the non-ideal characteristics of actual equipment.

[0082] The working chamber 1 needs to be stably suspended in the buffer solution, requiring the balance of buoyancy and gravity. By determining the immersion depth h through this formula, the buoyancy experienced by the working chamber 1 (including the pulling device 100) can be precisely matched with the total weight, ensuring that the working chamber 1 remains in a stable suspended state in the buffer solution, without excessive floating or sinking, providing a stable environment for pulling and related tests or operations.

[0083] One of the functions of the buffer solution is to provide shock absorption and cushioning. With a suitable immersion depth h and the characteristics of the buffer solution, the working chamber 1 can effectively absorb and alleviate impact forces when subjected to external forces (such as fluctuations in pulling force, external vibrations, etc.) by utilizing the damping and buoyancy changes of the buffer solution, thereby improving the shock absorption performance of the entire system and protecting the pulling device 100 and the working chamber 1 itself, reducing damage caused by unstable forces.

[0084] The introduction of the immersion depth characteristic coefficient k in the formula allows the formula to adapt to different working chamber 1 masses (M w ), pulling device masses (M dand the buffer density (p l No matter the mass of the working chamber 1 and the drawing device 100 changes or the density of the buffer changes due to factors such as composition and temperature, the system can be ensured to normally and stably operate under various working conditions by adjusting the value of k (within a reasonable range) or calculating the corresponding immersion depth h according to the formula.

[0085] In addition, the formula can also provide a clear calculation basis for the design and debugging of the equipment. Engineers can quickly calculate the appropriate immersion depth h of the working chamber 1 according to the mass parameters of the working chamber 1 and the drawing device 100 and the density of the buffer, without the need for a large number of complex experiments. During debugging, the immersion depth of the working chamber 1 can also be accurately adjusted according to the calculation results of the formula, thereby improving the efficiency of equipment research and development and debugging and reducing costs.

[0086] Optionally, the liquid buffer-based anti-vibration drawing equipment also includes a buffer liquid circulation supply mechanism, which includes a liquid tank for storing buffer liquid and communicating with the first buffer chamber 2, and a liquid level detector for detecting the immersion depth of the working chamber 1 in the buffer liquid. When the liquid level detector detects that the immersion depth of the working chamber 1 is less than h, the liquid tank can supply buffer liquid to the first buffer chamber 2. When the liquid level detector detects that the immersion depth of the working chamber 1 is greater than h, the buffer liquid in the first buffer chamber 2 can flow back to the liquid tank.

[0087] Specifically, the buffer liquid circulation supply mechanism mainly consists of a liquid tank, a liquid level detector, a liquid supply pipeline, a backflow pipeline, and control valves. The liquid tank is used to store buffer liquid, and the liquid tank communicates with the first buffer chamber 2 through the liquid supply pipeline, and the first buffer chamber 2 is connected to the liquid tank through the backflow pipeline. The liquid level detector is installed in the first buffer chamber 2 and is used to monitor the liquid level in the first buffer chamber 2 in real time, thereby determining the immersion depth of the working chamber 1 (under the condition that the equipment does not change, the weight of the steel bar changes, and the immersion depth of the working chamber 1 changes accordingly, the liquid level when no steel bar is loaded is confirmed, and then the liquid level change after the steel bar is loaded is determined to determine the immersion depth).

[0088] The immersion depth of the working chamber 1 is continuously detected by the liquid level detector, and the detection data is transmitted to the control system. When the immersion depth is detected to be less than the set value h, the control system opens the valve of the liquid supply pipeline, and the buffer liquid in the liquid tank can flow to the first buffer chamber 2 through the liquid supply pipeline under the action of the pressure difference or the pump, thereby increasing the amount of buffer liquid in the first buffer chamber 2 and raising the immersion depth of the working chamber 1. When the immersion depth is detected to be greater than h, the control system opens the valve of the backflow pipeline, so that part of the buffer liquid in the first buffer chamber 2 flows back to the liquid tank through the backflow pipeline, thereby reducing the amount of buffer liquid in the first buffer chamber 2 and lowering the immersion depth of the working chamber 1.

[0089] Precise control of the immersion depth can ensure that the working chamber 1 is stably suspended, providing a reliable mechanical environment for operations such as drawing. By maintaining an appropriate amount of buffer solution, the shock-absorbing and buffering effects of the buffer solution on the working chamber 1 can be stabilized, and the ability of the equipment to withstand vibrations and impacts during the drawing process can be improved, thereby protecting the equipment and the test piece. Through the buffer solution circulation supply mechanism, the circulation supply and backflow of the buffer solution can be achieved, which can avoid waste of the buffer solution and facilitate centralized management (such as replenishment, replacement, maintenance, etc.) of the buffer solution, thereby reducing the use cost.

[0090] To ensure the quality of the buffer solution, a stirrer, a temperature sensor, a heat exchange mechanism, an ultrasonic disperser, or the like can also be configured in the liquid tank.

[0091] Optionally, the shock-resistant drawing equipment based on liquid buffering also includes a displacement limiting mechanism connected to the working chamber 1 and the first buffer chamber 2, for limiting the displacement of the working chamber 1 and allowing the working chamber 1 to vibrate within a preset amplitude.

[0092] The displacement limiting mechanism is provided to ensure that the working chamber 1 can utilize the buffer solution to achieve shock resistance (allowing the working chamber 1 to vibrate within a preset amplitude) while preventing the working chamber 1 from producing excessive displacement due to unexpected situations (such as sudden changes in drawing force, external strong impacts, etc.) and colliding or interfering with the first buffer chamber 2 or other components, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of equipment operation and ensuring that the drawing operation is performed within a controllable range.

[0093] In one embodiment, a plurality of elastic floating blocks (such as sponge floats, elastic rubber rings, etc.) are uniformly arranged on the outer periphery of the working chamber 1, and the elastic floating blocks are limited between the working chamber 1 and the first buffer chamber 2. The elastic floating blocks have a certain elasticity and strength, and when the working chamber 1 produces small-amplitude displacement due to vibration in the buffer solution, the elastic floating blocks can slightly deform with the movement of the working chamber 1; when the working chamber 1 has a tendency to displace excessively, the elastic floating blocks will generate a blocking force on the working chamber 1 to limit its displacement range, and the elasticity of the elastic floating blocks itself can also absorb part of the energy to assist in shock resistance.

[0094] In another embodiment, a plurality of groups of rollers are arranged on the inner wall of the first buffer chamber 2 in the circumferential direction, and the rollers are rotatably arranged between the first buffer chamber 2 and the working chamber 1 through a support with a spring. The outer wall of the working chamber 1 is provided with a movable groove matched with the rollers. The spring always makes the rollers in contact with the movable groove, and when the working chamber 1 normally vibrates, the rollers can roll in the movable groove within a small range, and the spring will slightly stretch or contract accordingly to allow the working chamber 1 to move; if the displacement of the working chamber 1 exceeds the preset amplitude, the rollers will be rigidly blocked by the movable groove, and the spring can limit the further displacement of the working chamber 1 by being compressed or stretched to the limit state.

[0095] The present application does not limit the specific configuration of the displacement limiting mechanism.

[0096] In one embodiment, the displacement limiting mechanism includes four sets of elastic buffering structures 11, which are symmetrically arranged along the axis direction of the working chamber 1 and distributed in a cross shape. The elastic buffering structure 11 includes a guide sleeve fixed to the inner wall of the first buffering chamber 2, the axis of the guide sleeve pointing to the center of the working chamber 1 in the horizontal direction; a guide rod slidingly arranged in the guide sleeve and connected to the outer wall of the working chamber 1, the guide rod being in clearance fit with the guide sleeve with a clearance of 5-10 mm to reserve a shock space; and a two-section spring sleeved on the guide rod and limited between the guide sleeve and the working chamber 1, the stiffness of the end of the two-section spring close to the guide sleeve being smaller than that of the other end close to the working chamber 1. When the working chamber 1 generates displacement in the horizontal and / or vertical direction due to shock, the guide rod moves in the guide sleeve, and the two-section spring can absorb energy through elastic deformation. In the case of small amplitude shock, the low-stiffness spring section dominates the deformation and does not hinder the shock. When the displacement approaches the preset limit, the high-stiffness spring section is compressed, and the rigidity limitation further limits the displacement, thereby avoiding the working chamber 1 from touching the wall.

[0097] For details, please refer to Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, one set of elastic buffering structures 11 is arranged on the upper, lower, left and right of the working chamber 1, and the four sets of elastic buffering structures 11 are symmetrically distributed in a cross shape along the horizontal direction between the working chamber 1 and the first buffering chamber 2 with the axis of the working chamber 1 as the center.

[0098] For details, please refer to Figure 3 In each set of elastic buffering structures 11, the guide sleeve is fixed to the inner wall of the first buffering chamber 2 with its axis pointing to the center of the working chamber 1 in the horizontal direction; one end of the guide rod is slidingly arranged in the guide sleeve, and the other end is connected to the outer wall of the working chamber 1; and the two-section spring is sleeved on the outer side of the guide rod and pressed between the guide sleeve and the working chamber 1.

[0099] When the working chamber 1 generates displacement in the horizontal or vertical direction due to shock, the guide rod will slide in the guide sleeve. Since there is a clearance of 5-10 mm between the guide rod and the guide sleeve, this part of the clearance can provide a space for small amplitude shock of the working chamber 1. At this time, the low-stiffness spring section of the two-section spring close to the guide sleeve will first elastically deform to absorb shock energy, and the elastic properties of the two-section spring will not hinder the normal small amplitude shock of the working chamber 1. When the displacement of the working chamber 1 approaches the preset limit, the deformation of the low-stiffness spring section reaches a certain degree, and the high-stiffness spring section close to the working chamber 1 starts to be compressed. With its high stiffness, it can strongly limit the further displacement of the working chamber 1, preventing excessive displacement on the basis of further buffering and shock resistance.

[0100] This structure design allows the working chamber 1 to vibrate slightly in the buffer, fully exerting the anti-vibration and shock absorption effect of the buffer. When the displacement of the working chamber 1 approaches the dangerous limit, the rigidity of the high-stiffness spring segment effectively prevents the working chamber 1 from colliding with the wall of the first buffer chamber 2, ensuring the safety and stability of the equipment operation, allowing the drawing operation to be carried out within a controllable and safe range.

[0101] Optionally, the working chamber 1 is a double-layer shell structure, which includes: an outer layer made of lightweight alloy with a material density ≤2.5 g / cm 3 , and the outer wall is covered with a hydrophobic coating; an inner layer made of high-stiffness plastic with an elastic modulus ≥5 GPa; and the outer layer and the inner layer are filled with closed-cell foam, which can attenuate vibration.

[0102] The outer layer is made of lightweight alloy (such as 6061 aluminum alloy, titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy) with a density ≤2.5 g / cm 3 , which reduces the overall mass of the working chamber 1 while ensuring structural strength. The specific strength of lightweight alloy is high and can withstand the impact force generated by drawing vibration without deformation, and the low-density characteristic can reduce the demand for buffer liquid buoyancy of the working chamber 1.

[0103] The outer wall of the outer layer is provided with a hydrophobic coating (such as polyvinylidene fluoride coating), which reduces the adhesion of the buffer on the wall, reduces the additional resistance of the liquid surface tension to the vibration of the working chamber 1, and prevents the long-term adhesion of salt components in the buffer, avoiding corrosion of the outer layer metal.

[0104] The inner layer is made of high-stiffness plastic (such as polyether ether ketone PEEK) with an elastic modulus ≥5 GPa, which has excellent rigidity and impact resistance. The drawing device 100 is fixed inside the inner layer, and the high-stiffness plastic can stably support the weight of the drawing device 100 and withstand the axial force during drawing, avoiding excessive deformation of the inner layer due to stress and affecting the test accuracy. At the same time, the high-stiffness characteristic can concentrate the vibration generated by the drawing device 100 to the outer layer and the buffer, reducing the disordered diffusion of vibration inside the working chamber 1, and improving the absorption efficiency of the buffer to vibration.

[0105] The closed-cell foam (such as polyurethane closed-cell foam) filled between the outer layer and the inner layer attenuates vibration through its porous structure and the elastic deformation of the bubbles. When the drawing vibration is transmitted from the inner layer to the foam, the bubbles will compress and expand due to vibration, thereby converting mechanical energy into heat energy consumption, achieving damping and attenuation of medium-high frequency vibration. At the same time, the closed-cell structure does not absorb water, which can avoid the influence of buffer infiltration on the damping effect, and the lightweight characteristic does not significantly increase the overall mass of the working chamber 1.

[0106] In an embodiment, the working chamber 1 is cuboid-shaped, with a length of 1.5 m, a width of 1 m, and a height of 0.8 m. The outer layer of the working chamber 1 is made of 6061 aluminum alloy plate (5 mm thick), which is welded to form a cuboid frame. The outer wall of the outer layer is sandblasted and then sprayed with a polyvinylidene fluoride hydrophobic coating (0.1 mm thick). After curing, the outer layer structure is formed. The inner layer of the working chamber 1 is made of PEEK plate (8 mm thick), which is bolted to form a cuboid cavity concentric with the outer layer. The size of the inner layer is slightly smaller than that of the outer layer, and the gap between the two is 5 cm. The inner layer is hoisted and fixed inside the outer layer to ensure that the two are concentric and the interlayer gap is uniform. Liquid polyurethane closed-cell foam is injected into the interlayer through the reserved glue injection port of the outer layer, and the injection amount is 80% of the volume of the interlayer. The foam reacts at room temperature for 24 hours, forms a closed-cell structure through chemical foaming, and completely fills the interlayer gap. Finally, a composite shell structure of "outer layer (aluminum alloy) + closed-cell foam + inner layer (PEEK)" is formed. This structure can achieve vibration isolation between the inner and outer layers when subjected to pulling vibration, while meeting the requirements of lightweight and impact resistance, and is suitable for buffer suspension and shock resistance design.

[0107] Optionally, the top of the working chamber 1 is provided with a honeycomb-shaped float, which is a regular hexagonal honeycomb array structure and is used to fill helium. The honeycomb-shaped float is provided with a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure in the honeycomb-shaped float so as to maintain the pressure in the honeycomb-shaped float at 105±5 kPa.

[0108] The function of the honeycomb-shaped float is to provide additional buoyancy to the working chamber 1, thereby assisting in balancing the overall weight and optimizing the suspension posture.

[0109] As can be easily understood, the weight distribution of the working chamber 1 may be deviated due to the installation position of the pulling device 100 and the loading of the test piece. The honeycomb-shaped float can compensate for the weight imbalance through upward buoyancy to ensure that the working chamber 1 remains horizontally stable in the buffer liquid and avoids tilting that affects the pulling test accuracy.

[0110] The center of gravity of the working chamber 1 is usually concentrated in the middle and lower parts due to the weight of the pulling device 100 and the like. The setting of the float at the top can form a moment balance of "upward buoyancy - downward gravity", which directly offsets the tilting trend caused by the deviation of the center of gravity. If the honeycomb-shaped float is set on the side or the bottom, the direction of the buoyancy is difficult to effectively oppose the gravity, and the posture cannot be corrected efficiently, and even the shaking may be aggravated.

[0111] The reason for arranging the honeycomb-shaped buoy in a regular hexagon is that each side of the regular hexagon can be closely attached to the adjacent unit without redundant space, so as to disperse the internal pressure of the buoy through overall stress. At the same time, the honeycomb has strong anti-deformation ability, which can avoid the sudden drop of the overall buoyancy caused by the damage of a single unit. In addition, under the same volume, the honeycomb array saves more materials than the solid structure, and the mass is smaller, which can reduce the additional load of the buoy itself on the suspension of the working chamber 1. The uniform distribution of multiple honeycomb units can uniformly transmit the buoyancy along the top of the working chamber 1, avoiding the attitude distortion caused by the local excessive buoyancy.

[0112] The reason for using helium as the buoyancy medium is that the density of helium is much lower than that of air, which can provide significant upward buoyancy, and the chemical properties of helium are extremely inert, which will not react with the buoy material (such as aluminum alloy, plastic), which can avoid corrosion or aging. Moreover, helium is non-flammable and non-combustible, which is more suitable for use in enclosed spaces than hydrogen (flammable and explosive), which can effectively reduce the safety risk caused by the damage of the buoy. In addition, helium molecules have small volume and low permeability, which can maintain the gas volume in the buoy for a long time, reducing the need for frequent gas replenishment.

[0113] The reason for maintaining the pressure at 105±5kPa is that this pressure range is close to the standard atmospheric pressure (101.325kPa). If the pressure is too high (such as >110kPa), it will cause the buoy to expand, which may exceed the installation space of the top of the working chamber 1, or even cause rupture due to material fatigue; if the pressure is too low (such as <100kPa), the buoyancy is insufficient, which is difficult to meet the use requirements. The pressure of 105±5kPa can ensure that the buoy always maintains the original volume and constant buoyancy under dynamic working conditions.

[0114] The pressure sensor can collect the gas pressure data inside the honeycomb-shaped buoy in real time, compare it with the preset pressure threshold (105±5kPa), and form a closed loop control to maintain stable pressure.

[0115] Specifically, the pressure sensor is installed at the reserved interface of the honeycomb-shaped buoy, which is directly communicated with the inside of the buoy, can continuously monitor the helium pressure inside and transmit the data to the control system. When the pressure is lower than 100kPa, the control system triggers the gas replenishment device (such as a miniature electromagnetic valve connected to a helium gas cylinder) to supplement helium into the buoy until the pressure rises to about 105kPa; when the pressure is higher than 110kPa (such as the gas expands due to the increase of ambient temperature), the control system opens the exhaust valve to release a small amount of gas, so that the pressure decreases to the target range.

[0116] Through this "monitoring-comparison-regulation" cycle mechanism, the pressure sensor and the gas replenishment and exhaust device work together to ensure that the pressure inside the honeycomb-shaped buoy is always stable at 105±5kPa, thereby maintaining the constant volume and buoyancy of the buoy, and further ensuring the balance of the suspension attitude of the working chamber 1.

[0117] Optionally, the bottom of the working chamber 1 is provided with four groups of ballast adjustment tanks 5, which are symmetrically arranged along the axis direction of the working chamber 1 and distributed in a cross shape. The ballast adjustment tanks 5 can adjust the weight by injecting or discharging ballast liquid, thereby improving the tilting problem of the working chamber 1.

[0118] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom outer wall of the working chamber 1 is provided with four groups of ballast adjustment tanks 5, two of which are oppositely arranged along the length direction, and the other two are oppositely arranged along the width direction. The ballast adjustment tank 5 is a sealed cavity structure (the material is consistent with the inner layer of the working chamber 1, and high-rigidity plastic is used), and is connected with an external micro-pump and a slurry storage tank through a pipeline. The ballast adjustment tank 5 can contain ballast liquid. The cross-shaped distribution design can ensure the balance of force during weight adjustment, and avoid new tilting caused by local ballast.

[0119] Further, the geometric center of the working chamber 1 is provided with an inclination sensor, which can detect the inclination angle of the working chamber 1 in real time, so as to feedback whether the floating posture of the working chamber 1 is unbalanced.

[0120] When it is detected that the working chamber 1 tilts in a certain direction (e.g. inclination angle > 0.5°), the control system starts the micro-pump on the corresponding side according to the tilting direction. For example, if the working chamber 1 tilts to the left, it indicates that the weight on the left side is too large. At this time, the ballast adjustment tank 5 on the right side is injected with ballast liquid to increase the weight on this side, or the ballast liquid in the ballast adjustment tank 5 on the left side is discharged to reduce the weight on this side, so as to realize ballast adjustment. During the adjustment process, the inclination sensor continuously feeds back data until the inclination angle of the working chamber is ≤0.5°, and the ballast calibration is completed.

[0121] By precisely adjusting the amount of ballast liquid in each group of tank bodies, the deviation of the center of gravity caused by the installation deviation of the pulling device 100, the uneven loading of the test piece or the flow of the buffer liquid can be offset, the tilting of the working chamber 1 can be corrected, the axial consistency of the force during the pulling test can be ensured, and the data accuracy can be improved.

[0122] Optionally, the ballast liquid is tungsten powder slurry.

[0123] The tungsten powder slurry is mixed by tungsten powder with a purity of ≥95% and a particle size of 5-10 μm and water in a mass ratio of 3:1, and the density is ≥8 g / cm 3 A small amount of volume can produce a significant ballast effect, avoiding occupying too much space. The viscosity of the tungsten powder slurry at 25°C is ≤50 mPa・s, which can be smoothly conveyed by the micro-pump, ensuring rapid response of the adjustment.

[0124] The tungsten powder has stable chemical properties and is not easy to react with the buffer solution components. Meanwhile, the tungsten powder slurry has few impurities, no precipitation stratification or corrosion problem, and is non-volatile, non-flammable, and high in safety. The density of the tungsten powder can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the tungsten powder and water, so as to adapt to the adjustment requirements of different inclination degrees, and the functionality and practicability are considered.

[0125] In an embodiment, the liquid buffer-based anti-shock pulling device further comprises a densimeter, which is used to monitor the density of the buffer solution in real time to provide parameters for buoyancy calculation; in operation, the required weight adjustment amount is calculated in combination with the inclination angle, and the adjustment accuracy is corrected according to the density of the buffer solution to avoid the calculation deviation of the buoyancy caused by the change in the density, and the required position of the weight liquid is adjusted accurately to quickly correct the inclination, thereby ensuring the floating stability of the working chamber 1 under dynamic working conditions.

[0126] Specifically, the inclination sensor is installed at the geometric center of the working chamber 1 (such as the intersection of the body diagonal lines of a cuboid working chamber) and is rigidly connected to the inner layer of the working chamber 1 through a support. The inclination sensor can be inclined synchronously with the working chamber 1. The function of the inclination sensor is to collect the inclination angle of the working chamber 1 on the horizontal plane (such as the inclination angles in the X-axis and Y-axis directions) in real time and transmit the data to the control system. When the inclination angle in any direction exceeds the preset threshold (such as >0.5°), the system determines that the floating posture is unbalanced, and triggers the weight adjustment program; if the inclination angle is within the preset range, it is determined that the posture is stable, and the adjustment is not started.

[0127] Specifically, the densimeter is an online vibrating tube densimeter, which is installed at a position slightly below the middle of the first buffer chamber 2 (to avoid the influence of particle deposition at the bottom on the measurement) and is connected to the buffer solution circulation system through a pipeline to ensure real-time monitoring of the average density of the buffer solution (a plurality of sets of density meters can also be arranged at intervals along the height direction, on the one hand, to monitor whether the buffer solution is stratified and to confirm the uniformity of the buffer solution, and on the other hand, to reduce errors by averaging). In use, the density meter outputs density data every 10 seconds, which is used as a key parameter for buoyancy calculation. The control system can correct the buoyancy (buoyancy=density x drainage volume x gravitational acceleration) of the working chamber 1 in real time according to the density value, and then adjust the weight adjustment amount. For example, when the density of the buffer solution decreases from 1.35 g / cm 3 to 1.32 g / cm 3 , the system will automatically increase the injection amount of the weight liquid to offset the potential inclination caused by the decrease in the buoyancy.

[0128] Optionally, the second buffer chamber 3 comprises a box body 3a and a cover body 3b, and the cover body 3b is arranged on the box body 3a in an openable and closable manner.

[0129] The purpose of providing the cover 3b for the second buffer chamber 3 is to make the box 3a form a closed or semi-closed state through an openable structure, so as to prevent external impurities (such as dust and debris) from entering the buffer solution, avoid pollution to change the performance of the buffer solution (such as particles mixed to affect the uniformity of density), and reduce the contact area of the buffer solution with the external air, and reduce the liquid level drop or composition change caused by evaporation. In the non-working state of the equipment, the cover 3b is closed to protect the buffer solution and related components (such as sensors and pipeline interfaces that can be provided) in the box 3a, to avoid damage caused by accidental collision or environmental factors (such as moisture and high temperature); in the working state of the equipment, the cover 3b is closed to create a more effective sound insulation environment, further reducing the external influence of noise.

[0130] Specifically, the cover 3b can be provided in a flip form, or in a translation, plug-in or other form; the cover 3b can be opened and closed manually, or can be provided with a cylinder, an electric cylinder or other driving structure for automatic opening and closing. The present application does not limit the specific form of the box and the cover.

[0131] Optionally, the box 3a is provided in a sandwich structure, and the vacuum degree in the sandwich structure is adjustable; in a conventional operation mode, the vacuum degree in the sandwich structure is 10 -1 Pa; in a peak noise reduction mode, the vacuum degree in the sandwich structure is 10 -2 Pa; and in a standby mode, the vacuum degree in the sandwich structure is 10 3 Pa.

[0132] It should be explained that the conventional operation mode is the normal running state of the equipment under non-extreme working conditions (such as pulling of conventional strength materials, stable loading process). At this time, the vibration and noise of the equipment are at a medium level, and extreme noise reduction is not needed to balance performance and energy consumption.

[0133] The peak noise reduction mode is suitable for extreme working conditions (such as pulling of high-strength materials, or noise generated by pulling exceeding the preset range). At this time, the equipment has a large vibration amplitude and a high noise peak, and needs the strongest sound insulation and shock absorption auxiliary effect.

[0134] The standby mode refers to that the equipment is not performing pulling operation and is in an idle or preparation state (such as test interval, before shutdown maintenance). At this time, active noise reduction is not needed, and energy consumption and vacuum system loss are mainly reduced.

[0135] The three modes are dynamically switched according to the real-time working state of the equipment, forming an adaptive logic of "basic-strengthening-sleeping".

[0136] Among them, the conventional operation mode is the default basic mode, covering most of the working period. When the pulling force reaches the preset threshold (such as approaching the limit strength of high-strength test pieces) or the vibration sensor detects that the amplitude exceeds the standard, it automatically switches to the peak noise reduction mode to enhance the sound insulation effect. After the equipment stops working (such as test completion, manual shutdown), the system switches to standby mode after a delay, reducing the cost of vacuum maintenance. The three are linked through state monitoring, ensuring performance in critical stages and avoiding unnecessary energy waste.

[0137] The vacuum degree of the sandwich structure of the box 3a directly affects the sound insulation and heat insulation performance (the higher the vacuum degree, the thinner the air, the weaker the conduction ability of sound and heat), and the higher the vacuum degree, the higher the maintenance cost (energy consumption, equipment wear and tear), so it needs to be matched as needed.

[0138] Conventional operation mode selection 10 -1 Pa, under this vacuum degree, the air thinness in the sandwich can effectively weaken the noise conduction caused by conventional vibration, meet the sound insulation demand of daily operation, and the maintenance cost is moderate, which will not consume excessive energy.

[0139] Peak noise reduction mode selection 10 -2 Pa, higher vacuum degree (smaller value, air thinner) can further reduce the conduction efficiency of sound through air, and the peak noise barrier effect is better than the conventional mode, which can accurately respond to extreme noise scenes.

[0140] Standby mode selection 10 3 Pa, this vacuum degree is close to atmospheric pressure (about 10 5 Pa), without the need for continuous high-load operation of the vacuum system, energy consumption can be greatly reduced, while avoiding the aging of the sealing parts caused by long-term high-vacuum state of the vacuum components, prolonging the service life of the equipment.

[0141] In summary, the vacuum degree selection of the three modes is the result of balancing performance demand, energy consumption cost and equipment wear and tear, which can dynamically adapt to different working conditions.

[0142] In a specific embodiment, the anti-vibration pulling device based on liquid buffering further comprises: a primary pump for pre-extracting the sandwich structure to reduce the vacuum degree therein, the limit vacuum degree of the primary pump being 10 -1 Pa; a secondary pump for achieving a vacuum degree of 10 -2 Pa; the peak noise reduction mode is triggered when the noise sensor detects that the sound pressure level in the working chamber 1 is greater than 110dB, or the acceleration sensor detects that the impact load of the pulling device 100 is greater than 5kN; after the pulling is completed, it is switched to standby mode after a delay of 1-10min.

[0143] Specifically, the limit vacuum degree of the primary pump is 10 -1Pa, suitable for quickly reducing the vacuum degree in the interlayer from normal pressure (or low vacuum state) to 10 -1 Pa. If the secondary pump is used directly to start vacuum from normal pressure, the pumping efficiency will be low due to high initial gas density and heavy load, and long-term high-load operation will shorten the service life of the secondary pump.

[0144] The secondary pump can achieve a vacuum degree of 10 -2 Pa, but only starts in the peak mode when noise reduction needs to be enhanced. After the primary pump reduces the vacuum degree to 10 -1 Pa, the secondary pump starts to efficiently further improve the vacuum degree to 10 -2 Pa without having to bear the high-load pumping task in the early stage.

[0145] This combination of a primary pump responsible for basic pumping and regular maintenance and a secondary pump responsible for deep improvement can not only guarantee the vacuum degree requirement in different modes, but also reduce overall energy consumption and prolong equipment life.

[0146] In a specific embodiment, a metal wire drawing and breaking test is performed (the ultimate load of the test piece is 8kN, the breaking instantaneous impact load is 6kN, and the sound pressure level is 115dB).

[0147] When the device is not started, the vacuum degree of the interlayer structure is 10 3 Pa (close to normal pressure), and both the primary pump and the secondary pump are in a shutdown state.

[0148] Before the test starts, the control system starts the primary pump to pre-pump the interlayer structure. After the primary pump runs for 60s, the vacuum degree is reduced from 10 3 Pa to 10 -1 Pa, and then the primary pump enters an intermittent running state (maintaining the vacuum degree at 10 -1 Pa±0.02Pa), and the device enters a regular operation mode. At this time, the drawing device 100 starts to load (the load slowly rises from 0 to 5kN), the noise sensor shows a sound pressure level of 85dB, and the acceleration sensor shows an impact load of <3kN, without the need to start the secondary pump.

[0149] When the drawing load rises to 7kN, the test piece is about to break, the noise sensor detects that the sound pressure level rises to 112dB (>110dB), and at the same time, the acceleration sensor monitors that the impact load reaches 5.5kN (>5kN), the system triggers the peak noise reduction mode, and the secondary pump works cooperatively with the primary pump. After the secondary pump runs for 20s, the vacuum degree of the interlayer structure is reduced from 10 -1 Pa to 10 -2 Pa, significantly enhancing the sound insulation effect. At the moment of the breaking of the test piece (impact load 6kN), the vacuum degree is stably maintained at 10 -2 Pa, effectively suppressing the transmission of peak noise and vibration.

[0150] After the drawing ends, the system timing delay 300s, confirm the interval between two operations long, close the secondary pump and primary pump, sandwich structure no longer vacuum, the vacuum gradually back to 10 3 Pa, the device back to standby mode.

[0151] Through the hierarchical regulation and mode dynamic switching of two-stage pump, it not only meets the vacuum degree demand of different stages, but also avoids energy waste, and can realize the balance of high efficiency and energy saving.

[0152] If necessary, the cover 3b can also be provided in a sandwich structure, at this time, the cover 3b is closed, and the second buffer chamber 3 can constitute a fully enclosed vacuum soundproof chamber. The sandwich structure of the cover 3b is similar to the box body 3a, and details are not repeated.

[0153] Optionally, a porous sound-absorbing plate 4 is arranged between the second buffer chamber 3 and the first buffer chamber 2, and the porous sound-absorbing plate 4 is made of polyurethane foam with gradient density, and the porosity is 60%-80%.

[0154] For details, please refer to Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, a layer of porous sound-absorbing plate 4 is filled in the second buffer chamber 3, and the first buffer chamber 2 is padded on the porous sound-absorbing plate 4. The porous sound-absorbing plate 4 is a sheet structure, which is processed to match the size of the connecting surface between the first buffer chamber 2 and the second buffer chamber 3 (such as a rectangular plate). The thickness of the porous sound-absorbing plate 4 is 5-10cm, and the whole is made of polyurethane foam. The porous sound-absorbing plate 4 is filled with micro-porous channels that are interconnected, which extend from the surface of the plate to the inside, forming a complex porous structure, providing a path for the entry of sound waves and energy dissipation.

[0155] Gradient density refers to the density of the porous sound-absorbing plate 4 continuously changes along the thickness direction (rather than uniform density). For example, from the side close to the first buffer chamber 2 to the side close to the second buffer chamber 3, the density of the polyurethane foam gradually increases (or decreases), wherein one side is low density (such as 0.1-0.2g / cm 3 ), the other side is high density (such as 0.3-0.4g / cm 3 ), and the middle is connected by a transition layer with gradually changing density.

[0156] This design can selectively absorb sound waves of different frequencies - the low-density area has good absorption effect on medium and high-frequency sound waves (such as high-frequency noise generated by drawing vibration), and the high-density area is more easily to absorb low-frequency sound waves (such as low-frequency vibration noise of equipment operation), thereby widening the sound absorption frequency range.

[0157] Porosity refers to the proportion of pore volume in the total volume of the material, and the range of 60%-80% is the optimal choice for balancing sound absorption performance and structural strength. If the porosity is < 60%, the number of micropores is small and the channels are narrow, and the sound wave is difficult to enter the interior of the material, and can only be reflected on the surface, and the sound absorption efficiency is greatly reduced. If the porosity is > 80%, the structure of the polyurethane foam is too loose, the mechanical strength is insufficient, and it is easy to be damaged due to equipment vibration, and the micropores are too large, which may cause the sound wave to "penetrate" the material and not be fully absorbed, thereby reducing the sound absorption effect.

[0158] The porosity of 60%-80% can not only ensure sufficient micropore channels for sound waves to enter, scatter and rub (convert sound energy into heat energy), but also maintain the structural stability of the material, and ensure that it is not easily damaged during long-term use.

[0159] The porous sound absorption plate 4 functions to absorb and attenuate the noise transmitted between the two buffer chambers. During the drawing process, the working chamber 1 in the first buffer chamber 2 vibrates and generates a large amount of noise (such as metal friction sound and liquid tremor sound), and when these noises are transmitted through the air or structure to the gap between the two buffer chambers, the micropores of the porous sound absorption plate 4 will "capture" the sound waves. After the sound waves enter the pores, they are reflected and rubbed multiple times in the channels, and the energy is gradually consumed, thereby reducing the propagation of noise to the second buffer chamber 3 and the external environment. Combined with the gradient density design, it can simultaneously and efficiently absorb medium, high and low frequency noises, reduce the overall operation noise of the equipment, and improve the working environment.

[0160] The above embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are all within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A liquid-buffered, seismic-resistant drawing device, characterized in that: The utility model relates to a kind of anti-vibration type drawing equipment based on liquid buffer, including: Drawing device (100) for fixing and drawing test piece; Workshop (1), the drawing device (100) is located in the workshop (1); First buffer chamber (2), the workshop (1) is located in the first buffer chamber (2), the first buffer chamber (2) is used to load buffer solution, when testing, the workshop (1) is suspended in the buffer solution; Second buffer chamber (3), the first buffer chamber (2) is located in the second buffer chamber (3), when testing, make the second buffer chamber (3) be in vacuum state, can play the role of noise reduction.

2. The liquid cushion-based anti-shock type drawing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by The buffer solution is composed of base fluid, solid phase enhancer and functional additive; The base fluid accounts for 86±2wt% of the total mass of the buffer solution, and the base fluid includes 22%-25wt% of industrial-grade calcium chloride, 3%-5wt% of industrial-grade magnesium chloride, and the balance is deionized water; The solid phase enhancer accounts for 12±1wt% of the total mass of the buffer solution, and the solid phase enhancer includes 7-8wt% of coal gangue powder, 3.5-4.5wt% of vulcanized rubber powder and 0.5-1wt% of graphene-coated ceramic microspheres; The functional additive accounts for 1.8±0.2wt% of the total mass of the buffer solution, and the functional additive includes 0.6-0.8wt% of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.5-0.7wt% of polyacrylamide, 0.3-0.5wt% of sodium molybdate and 0.3-0.5wt% of xanthan gum.

3. The liquid cushion-based anti-shock type drawing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized by The first buffer chamber (2) is provided with a stirrer, and the stirrer can prevent the buffer solution from stratifying when it is working. And / or, the first buffer chamber (2) is provided with a temperature sensor and a heat exchange mechanism, and the temperature sensor and the heat exchange mechanism can control the temperature of the buffer solution to be 15-35℃. And / or, the first buffer chamber (2) is provided with an ultrasonic disperser, which acts on the aggregation area of the coal gangue powder and can break up the coal gangue aggregates. And / or, when the temperature of the buffer solution is greater than 30℃, 0.01-0.03wt% of hindered phenolic antioxidant is added to the buffer solution to inhibit the aging of the vulcanized rubber powder. And / or, the inner wall of the first buffer chamber (2) is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene layer, the thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene layer is 0.5-1mm, the surface roughness is not greater than 0.8μm, and the polytetrafluoroethylene layer can avoid the wall surface being worn by coal gangue abrasive particles.

4. The liquid cushion-based anti-shock type drawing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by The immersion depth of the working chamber (1) satisfies: ； wherein, is the mass of the working chamber (1), , is the mass of the working chamber (1), is the mass of the drawing device (100), is the density of the buffer. k is the immersion characteristic coefficient, 0.4≤k≤0.6; The anti-vibration type drawing equipment based on liquid buffer further includes a buffer solution circulating supply mechanism, and the buffer solution circulating supply mechanism includes: Liquid bin for storing the buffer solution and communicating with the first buffer chamber (2); Liquid level detector for detecting the immersion depth of the working chamber (1) in the buffer solution; When the liquid level detector detects that the immersion depth of the working chamber (1) is less than h, the liquid bin can supply the buffer solution to the first buffer chamber (2). When the liquid level detector detects that the immersion depth of the working chamber (1) is greater than h, the buffer solution in the first buffer chamber (2) can flow back to the liquid tank.

5. The liquid cushion-based anti-shock type drawing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by Further comprising a displacement limiting mechanism connected to the working chamber (1) and the first buffer chamber (2), for limiting the displacement of the working chamber (1) and allowing the working chamber (1) to vibrate within a preset amplitude.

6. The liquid cushion-based anti-shock type drawing apparatus according to claim 5, characterized by The displacement limiting mechanism comprises four sets of elastic buffer structures (11), which are symmetrically arranged along the axis direction of the working chamber (1) and distributed in a cross shape, and the elastic buffer structure (11) comprises: A guide sleeve fixed to the inner wall of the first buffer chamber (2), the axis of the guide sleeve pointing to the center of the working chamber (1) in the horizontal direction; A guide rod slidingly arranged in the guide sleeve and connected to the outer wall of the working chamber (1), the guide rod and the guide sleeve being in clearance fit, with a clearance of 5-10mm to reserve a vibration space; A two-section spring sleeved on the guide rod and limited between the guide sleeve and the working chamber (1), the rigidity of one end of the two-section spring close to the guide sleeve being smaller than that of the other end close to the working chamber (1); When the working chamber (1) generates horizontal and / or vertical displacement due to vibration, the guide rod moves in the guide sleeve, and the two-section spring can absorb energy through elastic deformation. In the case of small amplitude vibration, the low rigidity spring section dominates the deformation and does not hinder the vibration. When the displacement approaches the preset limit, the high rigidity spring section is compressed to further limit the displacement, thereby avoiding the working chamber (1) from touching the wall.

7. The liquid cushion-based anti-shock type drawing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by The working chamber (1) is a double-layer shell structure, comprising: The outer layer is made of light alloy with a material density of ≤ 2.5 g / cm 3 ; An inner layer made of high rigidity plastic with an elastic modulus ≥5GPa; The outer layer and the inner layer are filled with closed-cell foam, which can attenuate vibration.

8. The liquid cushion-based anti-shock type drawing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by Four sets of counterweight adjustment cabins (5) are provided at the bottom of the working chamber (1), which are symmetrically arranged along the axis direction of the working chamber (1) and distributed in a cross shape. The counterweight adjustment cabin (5) can adjust the weight by injecting or discharging counterweight liquid to improve the tilting problem of the working chamber (1); A tilt sensor is provided at the geometric center of the working chamber (1), which can detect the tilt angle of the working chamber (1) in real time, thereby feeding back whether the floating posture of the working chamber (1) is unbalanced.

9. The liquid cushion-based anti-shock type drawing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by The second buffer chamber (3) comprises a box body (3a) and a cover body (3b), the cover body (3b) is hingedly arranged on the box body (3a), and the box body (3a) is arranged as a sandwich structure, and the vacuum degree in the sandwich structure is adjustable; In a conventional mode of operation, the vacuum level within the sandwich structure is 10 -1 Pa; In peak noise reduction mode, the vacuum level within the sandwich structure is 10 -2 Pa; In standby mode, the vacuum degree in the sandwich structure is 10 3 Pa; The liquid buffer-based anti-shock type drawing device further comprises: a primary pump for reducing the degree of vacuum within the sandwich structure, the primary pump having a limit vacuum of 10 -1 Pa; a secondary pump for achieving 10 -2 Pa vacuum degree; The peak noise reduction mode is triggered when the sound pressure level in the working chamber (1) detected by the noise sensor is greater than 110dB, or the impact load of the drawing device (100) detected by the acceleration sensor is greater than 5kN.

10. The liquid cushion-based anti-shock type drawing apparatus according to claim 1 or 9, characterized by The second buffer chamber (3) and the first buffer chamber (2) are provided with a porous sound absorption plate (4), the porous sound absorption plate (4) is made of polyurethane foam with gradient density, and the porosity is 60%-80%.

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