Thread compound testing device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of oil and gas drilling, and discloses a thread compound testing device and method.The thread compound testing device is characterized in that a first standard sample and a second standard sample which are coated with thread compound are tested in a thread compound testing area formed in two sets of equipment beams and two sets of frame columns; the torque transmission assembly is connected with the motor to realize torque transmission, and meanwhile, the torque transmission assembly is in threaded connection with the equipment cross beam, so that the torque transmission assembly provides thrust while driving the first standard sample, the second standard sample and the sample clamping groove assembly to rotate, and a torque sensor performs data acquisition conveniently; meanwhile, displacement is generated between the equipment cross beam and the other equipment cross beam under the action of the torque transmission assembly, so that pulling force is generated between the frame columns, pressure data are collected through the pressure sensor, the thread compound can be conveniently tested through the collected torque data and pressure data, and the detected torque is only friction torque between standard samples; the device is not influenced by the torque on the thread, and the detection result is more accurate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of oil and gas drilling, in particular to a threaded grease testing device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of long horizontal section horizontal wells, the difficulty of entering the horizontal section through the build-up section is increasing. In order to facilitate the running of long horizontal sections, the torque resistance performance of the joint is required to be higher. At the same time, in order to improve the performance of threaded connection, especially the sealing performance, the design and manufacturing process of threaded structure also pay more attention to details. Among them, the threaded grease used for screwing cannot be ignored. One of the most important performances of threaded grease is lubrication, that is, the friction coefficient. Under different operating conditions, the friction coefficient requirements of threaded grease are different. In the screwing process, in order to reduce the damage to the thread as much as possible, the threaded grease needs to have good lubrication performance and show low friction coefficient characteristics. When rotating into the well, the threaded connection needs to bear a large torque, and at this time the threaded grease needs to have a large friction coefficient. In summary, when the extrusion pressure is low, the friction coefficient of the threaded grease is required to be low, and when the extrusion pressure is high, the threaded grease needs to have a high friction coefficient. Therefore, in the relevant standard of threaded grease, the old version only requires to detect the average friction coefficient, and the new version of the standard (API RP 5A3-2023) requires to detect the friction coefficient under different pressures. The existing threaded grease friction coefficient detection device cannot detect the friction coefficient under different pressures, and the method recommended by the new standard can detect different pressures, but the size of the test equipment parts is small, the maximum pressure is limited, and under the rated pressure, fatigue fracture is easy to occur. The friction torque of the standard recommended equipment is the sum of the friction torque on the sample contact surface and the rotating thread, which is at least 50% larger than the actual contact torque, resulting in a larger calculation result. The existing threaded grease friction coefficient detection equipment does not have the function of detecting the friction coefficient under different pressures, and there is no report of threaded grease friction coefficient detection equipment meeting the requirements of the new standard. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a threaded grease testing device and method to solve the technical problem of inaccurate threaded grease measurement.

[0004] The present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a thread lubricant testing device, comprising a torque transmission assembly, two sets of equipment crossbeams, two sets of frame columns, a first standard sample, a second standard sample and a sample clamping groove assembly; the two sets of equipment crossbeams are arranged vertically and parallel to each other, the two sets of frame columns are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other, the two sets of equipment crossbeams are fixed on the two sets of frame columns respectively, forming a rectangular frame structure, the rectangular frame structure is a thread lubricant testing area, one end of the torque transmission assembly and the sample clamping groove assembly respectively penetrates through the two sets of equipment crossbeams and extends into the thread lubricant testing area, the other end of the torque transmission assembly is connected with a motor, and the torque transmission assembly is connected with the equipment crossbeam through threads, the other end of the sample clamping groove assembly is provided with a torque sensor; the first standard sample and the second standard sample are arranged in butt joint in the thread lubricant testing area, and are coated with thread lubricant at the butt joint, the other end of the first standard sample abuts in the sample clamping groove assembly, the other end of the second standard sample abuts in the torque transmission assembly, and the two sets of frame columns are provided with a pressure sensor at the connection of the set of equipment crossbeams away from the motor.

[0006] Preferably, the sample clamping groove assembly comprises a first sample clamping groove, a ball bearing and an alloy steel cylinder, one end of the first sample clamping groove is a clamping groove end, the other end is a clamping groove cylinder end, the other end of the first standard sample abuts in the clamping groove end, the ball bearing and the alloy steel cylinder are respectively sleeved on the clamping groove cylinder end, and the ball bearing abuts on the clamping groove end and the alloy steel cylinder abuts on the equipment crossbeam, and the torque sensor is arranged on the cylinder end.

[0007] Specifically, the torque sensor is arranged to penetrate through the equipment crossbeam, and the torque sensor is provided with a plurality of flat keys in the circumferential direction of the equipment crossbeam, for restricting the circumferential rotation of the torque sensor.

[0008] Further, the first sample clamping groove is provided with a center hole in the clamping groove end, and a positioning column is arranged in the center hole; the positioning column penetrates through the center holes of the first standard sample and the second standard sample, and a gap is arranged between the positioning column and the torque transmission assembly.

[0009] Further, the center hole diameters of the ball bearing and the alloy steel cylinder are greater than the outer diameter of the cylinder end of the first sample clamping groove.

[0010] Preferably, the torque transmission assembly comprises a torque transmission joint, a connecting column and a second sample clamping groove, one end of the torque transmission joint is connected with the motor, for torque transmission through motor driving; the other end of the torque transmission joint is connected with one end of the connecting column, a screw thread is arranged on the side wall of the connecting column, the connecting column penetrates through the equipment crossbeam, and the side wall of the connecting column is threadedly connected with the equipment crossbeam, the other end of the connecting column is fixedly connected with the second sample clamping groove, and the second standard sample abuts in the second sample clamping groove.

[0011] Preferably, the torque transmission assembly, the first standard sample, the second standard sample and the sample card slot assembly are coaxially arranged in the thread grease test area.

[0012] Preferably, the two groups of frame columns are fixed through nuts after passing through the equipment cross beam, and the pressure sensor is located between the nut and the equipment cross beam.

[0013] In a second aspect, the application further provides a thread grease testing method based on the thread grease testing device described above, including the following processes:

[0014] The motor drives the torque transmission assembly, the torque transmission assembly cooperates with the equipment cross beam, and the rotation drives the displacement of the two groups of equipment cross beams between the two groups of frame columns to change, the torque transmission assembly is rotated, the equipment cross beam sleeved with the torque transmission assembly moves backward, and the second standard sample coated with thread grease and the sample card slot assembly are rotated, the second standard sample transmits torque through friction on the contact surface of the first standard sample, the torque sensor collects torque data, the two groups of frame columns generate tension while the equipment cross beam moves backward, the pressure sensor collects pressure data, and the thread grease is tested through the collected torque data and pressure data.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0016] The application provides a thread grease testing device, which tests the first standard sample and the second standard sample coated with thread grease in the thread grease test area formed in the two groups of equipment cross beams and the two groups of frame columns, transmits torque through the connection of the torque transmission assembly and the motor, and provides thrust while the torque transmission assembly rotates the first standard sample, the second standard sample and the sample card slot assembly through the threaded connection with the equipment cross beam, so that the torque sensor can collect data, the equipment cross beam generates displacement between the other equipment cross beam under the action of the torque transmission assembly, tension is generated between the frame columns, pressure data is collected through the pressure sensor, the thread grease is tested through the collected torque data and pressure data, the detection torque is only the friction torque between the standard samples, is not affected by the torque on the thread, and the detection result is more accurate.

[0017] Further, the sample card slot assembly includes a first sample card slot, a ball bearing and an alloy steel cylinder, the first sample card slot is convenient for assembling the first standard sample, the ball bearing does not limit the rotation of the first sample card slot and mainly transmits pressure, and the alloy steel cylinder supports the whole on the frame column, so that the accuracy of thread grease measurement is ensured.

[0018] Further, the torque sensor is arranged through the equipment beam, and the torque sensor is provided with a plurality of keys in the circumferential direction of the equipment beam, so that the circumferential rotation of the torque sensor is restricted, and the accuracy of torque data acquisition is improved.

[0019] Further, the center hole in the clamping groove end of the first sample clamping groove is provided with a positioning column; the positioning column is arranged through the center holes of the first standard sample and the second standard sample, and a gap is arranged between the positioning column and the torque transmission assembly, so that the positioning column is prevented from being affected by pressure and affecting the test result.

[0020] Further, the inner diameter of the center hole of the ball bearing and the alloy steel cylinder is greater than the outer diameter of the columnar end of the first sample clamping groove, so that the alloy steel cylinder is prevented from contacting the ball bearing and the alloy steel cylinder, and the torque detection accuracy is reduced.

[0021] Further, the two groups of frame columns are respectively provided with spring structures correspondingly, so that the length of the frame column is adjusted, the tensile displacement that can be borne by the frame column is increased, and the number of rotation turns is finally increased.

[0022] The application also provides a thread grease testing method, in which the pressure transmission and the torque transmission are separately performed through the optimized design of the pressure and torque transmission structure, so that the data of the detected pressure and torque is only the pressure and torque borne by the sample, the influence of the torque on the standard recommended device on the detection accuracy is avoided, the number of rotation turns under the applied pressure is increased, the detection curve is smoother, the stress in the test device accessories is reduced, the service life of the device accessories is increased, and the safety in the test process is ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The figure is a structural schematic view of the thread grease testing device.

[0024] In the figure, 1 is a torque transmission assembly, 2 is an equipment beam, 3 is a frame column, 4 is a first standard sample, 5 is a second standard sample, 6 is thread grease, 7 is a first sample clamping groove, 8 is a ball bearing, 9 is an alloy steel cylinder, 10 is a torque sensor, 11 is a pressure sensor, 12 is a nut, 13 is a spring structure, 14 is a torque transmission joint, 15 is a connecting column, 16 is a second sample clamping groove, and 17 is a positioning column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the protection scope of the application.

[0026] The application will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings:

[0027] The application aims to provide a thread lubricant testing device and method to solve the technical problem of inaccurate thread lubricant measurement. The application aims to establish a device that can accurately detect the friction coefficient on the contact surface of the specified standard sample, eliminate the torque on the threaded joint of the standard recommended method, and make the detection result more accurate and reliable. The application can more accurately detect the friction coefficient of thread lubricant, provide more accurate torque data support for the make-up of oil special pipe joints in engineering applications, and avoid thread damage caused by over-torque or the decline of thread connection performance caused by under-torque.

[0028] Referring to Figure 1 In one embodiment of the application, a thread lubricant testing device is provided, which comprises a torque transmission assembly 1, two sets of equipment cross beams 2, two sets of frame columns 3, a first standard sample 4, a second standard sample 5, and a sample clamping groove assembly;

[0029] The torque transmission assembly 1 comprises a torque transmission joint 14, a connecting column 15 and a second sample clamping groove 16. The torque of the motor is transmitted to the second sample clamping groove 16 through the key groove or polygonal column of the torque transmission joint 14. The outer surface of the connecting column 15 between the torque transmission joint 14 and the second sample clamping groove 16 is provided with a screw thread. During the rotation of the torque transmission joint 14, the displacement between the two device cross beams 2 changes, thereby generating stress on the frame column 3 and the first and second standard samples 4 and 5 coated with threaded grease 6. The relative rotation between the first and second standard samples 4 and 5 is driven by the second sample clamping groove 16. With the increase of pressure, friction torque is generated on the contact surface of the first and second standard samples 4 and 5, and the motor torque is transmitted to the left first sample clamping groove 7. At the same time, the pressure is also transmitted to the first sample clamping groove 7. Since the first and second standard samples 4 and 5 are hollow, a positioning column 17 is installed in the center hole of the first sample clamping groove 7 for easy installation and positioning. The outer diameter of the positioning column 17 is 0.1 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the first and second standard samples 4 and 5, and the length is basically equal to the total length of the first and second standard samples 4 and 5. After installation in the center hole of the first sample clamping groove 7, there is a large gap between the right side and the second sample clamping groove 16, so that the positioning column 17 is not affected by the pressure. The first sample clamping groove 7 continues to transmit pressure to the ball bearing 8 and the alloy steel cylinder 9 until the left device cross beam 2 is balanced with the tension on the frame column 3. The ball bearing 8 has very small friction and mainly transmits pressure, with very small rotation, and the transmitted torque can be ignored. The cylinder end of the first sample clamping groove 7 is connected to the torque sensor 10 fixed to the device cross beam 10, only transmitting torque, and the torque sensor 10 detects and collects it. The torque sensor 10 can move axially relative to the device cross beam 2, and the circumference is constrained by two or four keys with the device cross beam 2 to constrain the circumferential rotation of the torque sensor 10.

[0030] A spring structure 13 is installed on the frame column 3 to increase the tensile displacement that the frame column 3 can bear, and finally increase the number of rotation turns. The frame column 3 passes through the round holes at both ends of the device cross beam 2 and is fixed by the nut 12. The pressure sensor 11 is installed between the left nut 12 and the device cross beam 2 to detect the pressure on the sample, so that the pressure sensor 11 does not bear the torque and the procurement cost is reduced. If a pressure and torque integrated sensor is used, it can also be installed at the position of the ball bearing 8, and the ball bearing is no longer used.

[0031] The inner diameter of the alloy steel cylinder 9 is at least 0.2 mm larger than the outer diameter of the torque sensor 10 and the cylinder on the left side of the first sample clamping groove 7 to avoid contact between the alloy steel cylinder 9 and the two, and to reduce the torque detection accuracy.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] The application also provides a threaded grease testing device. A hexagonal groove is machined at the right end of the torque transmission joint 14, and the torque of the motor is transmitted to the second sample clamping groove 16. The size of the second sample clamping groove 16 is machined in reference to the standard API RP 5A3-2023. The outer surface of the column between the torque transmission joint 14 and the second sample clamping groove 16 has a screw thread (the addendum diameter is 40 mm), which cooperates with the device beam 2. After rotation, the displacement between the two device beams 2 (the cross-sectional size is 20 mm x 80 mm) changes, generating a tensile force on the frame column 3, a pressure on the first standard sample 4 and the second standard sample 5 coated with threaded grease 6, and driving the first standard sample 4 and the second standard sample 5. The relative rotational displacement of the contact surface between the first standard sample 4 and the second standard sample 5 generates a friction torque on the contact surface, which is transmitted to the first sample clamping groove 7 (the clamping groove size is machined in reference to the standard API RP 5A3-2023) to the left. At the same time, the pressure is also transmitted to the first sample clamping groove 7. A cylindrical positioning column 17 (the outer diameter is 0.1 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the first standard sample 4 and the second standard sample 5, and the length is basically equal to the total length of the first standard sample 4 and the second standard sample 5) is installed in the central opening (the hole diameter is the outer diameter of the sample positioning column 17 plus 0.05 mm, and the depth is 5 mm) of the first sample clamping groove 7. The first sample clamping groove 7 transmits the pressure to the ball bearing 8 (capable of bearing 50 tons), the alloy steel cylinder 9 (outer diameter 80 mm, inner diameter 30 mm), and the left device beam 2. The column end (outer diameter 29.9 mm) on the left side of the first sample clamping groove 7 is connected to the torque sensor 10 (maximum detection torque 8000 N.m) fixed to the device beam 2. The left end of the torque sensor 10 has a cylindrical hole (diameter 29.9 mm) that freely passes through the circular hole (diameter 30 mm) on the device beam 2, and the circumference of the torque sensor 10 is constrained from rotating by the four keys between the circumference of the torque sensor 7 and the device beam 2.

[0034] A spring structure 13 (capable of bearing a maximum tensile load of 50 tons) is installed on the frame column 3 (diameter 30 mm). The frame column 3 passes through the circular holes at the two ends of the device beam 2 (the distance between the two beams is 500 mm), and is fixed by the nut 12. The left nut 12 is connected between the device beam 2 and the pressure sensor 11 (capable of bearing a pressure of 50 tons).

[0035] Example 3

[0036] The application also provides a threaded grease testing method, including the following processes:

[0037] The motor drives the torque transmission assembly 1, the torque transmission assembly 1 cooperates with the equipment beam 2, and the rotation drives the displacement of the two groups of equipment beams 2 between the two groups of frame columns 3 to change, the torque transmission assembly 1 is rotated, wherein the equipment beam 2 sleeved with the torque transmission assembly 1 moves backward, and simultaneously drives the second standard sample 5 coated with the threaded grease 6 and the sample clamping groove assembly to rotate, the second standard sample 5 transmits the torque through the friction force on the contact surface of the first standard sample 4, the torque sensor 10 collects torque data, the two groups of frame columns 3 generate tension while the equipment beam 2 moves backward, the pressure sensor 11 collects pressure data, and the test of the threaded grease is completed through the collected torque data and pressure data.

[0038] In use, the torque transmission joint 14 is selected, the distance between the first sample clamping groove 7 and the second sample clamping groove 16 is enlarged, and the first standard sample 4 and the second standard sample 5 and the positioning column 17 can be installed. Reverse rotation of the torque transmission joint 14 stops when the first standard sample 4 and the second standard sample 5 are about to bear pressure. The torque, number of turns and pressure data acquisition system is opened, the automatic control rotation function is opened, the torque transmission joint 14 is slowly rotated (15 seconds per rotation), the torque, number of turns and pressure data acquisition data are viewed. And when the pressure reaches 40 tons, the torque transmission joint 14 is closed, that is, the test process is completed.

[0039] The friction coefficient can be calculated according to the acquired torque, number of turns and pressure data according to the following formula:

[0040]

[0041] In the formula, f is the friction coefficient, T is the detected torque, N.m, N is the measured pressure, N, and r is the central radius of the sample contact surface, m.

[0042] The embodiment is designed according to the requirement of detecting the friction coefficient of thread grease under different pressures according to the standard (API RP 5A3-2023). The standard recommends that the test device has problems: because the first standard sample 4 and the second standard sample 5 have fixed size requirements, according to the standard pressure test, all loads are borne by the center rod (the position of the positioning column 17 of the device), and the center rod size is limited, the number of rotation is more or the pressure is larger, the stress on the center rod is larger, and overload fracture or low cycle fatigue fracture is easy to occur; the detected torque not only includes the friction torque on the contact surface of the sample, but also the torque of the thread rotation, and the result accuracy is lower (larger). Using the device of the application, all pressures are borne by other parts (such as frame column 3, alloy steel cylinder 9, etc.) in other positions, the size of these parts is not limited by the sample, and can be designed according to the test pressure requirement, which not only ensures that the pressure size can be designed at will, but also ensures that the internal stress of the test device parts meets the safety design requirement, ensures that the service life of all device parts is basically consistent, and reduces the cost of part consumables. Compared with the standard recommended and existing scheme, the device of the embodiment can apply greater pressure and rotate more turns, avoid the fracture or deformation of the thread applied to the sample, the detected torque is only the friction torque between the samples, and is not affected by the torque on the thread, and the detection result is more accurate.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit it, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments of the present application can be modified or replaced by the same, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Any modification or equivalent replacement, which should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A thread compound testing device characterized by, The application relates to a torque transmission assembly (1), two groups of equipment cross beams (2), two groups of frame columns (3), a first standard sample (4), a second standard sample (5) and a sample clamping groove assembly; the two groups of equipment cross beams (2) are arranged in parallel and vertically, the two groups of frame columns (3) are arranged in parallel and horizontally, the two groups of equipment cross beams (2) are fixed on the two groups of frame columns (3) respectively, a rectangular frame structure is formed, a screw grease test area is arranged in the rectangular frame structure, one end of the torque transmission assembly (1) and the sample clamping groove assembly respectively penetrates through the two groups of equipment cross beams (2) and extends into the screw grease test area, the other end of the torque transmission assembly (1) is connected with a motor, the torque transmission assembly (1) is connected with the equipment cross beam (2) through screw connection, and the other end of the sample clamping groove assembly is provided with a torque sensor (10); the first standard sample (4) and the second standard sample (5) are arranged in butt joint in the screw grease test area, and are coated with screw grease (6) at the butt joint position, the other end of the first standard sample (4) abuts against the sample clamping groove assembly, the other end of the second standard sample (5) abuts against the torque transmission assembly (1), and a pressure sensor (11) is arranged at the connection position of one group of equipment cross beams (2) of the two groups of frame columns (3) in the direction away from the motor.

2. A thread compound testing device according to claim 1, wherein, The sample clamping groove assembly comprises a first sample clamping groove (7), a ball bearing (8) and an alloy steel cylinder (9), one end of the first sample clamping groove (7) is a clamping groove end, the other end is a clamping groove cylinder end, the other end of the first standard sample (4) abuts against the clamping groove end, the ball bearing (8) and the alloy steel cylinder (9) are respectively sleeved on the clamping groove cylinder end, the ball bearing (8) abuts against the clamping groove end, the alloy steel cylinder (9) abuts against the equipment cross beam (2), and the torque sensor (10) is arranged on the cylinder end.

3. A thread compound testing device according to claim 2, wherein, The torque sensor (10) is arranged through the equipment cross beam (2), and a plurality of flat keys are arranged in the circumferential direction of the torque sensor (10) in the equipment cross beam (2) and used for restricting the circumferential rotation of the torque sensor (10).

4. A thread compound testing device according to claim 2 wherein, The first sample clamping groove (7) is provided with a center hole in the clamping groove end, and a positioning column (17) is arranged in the center hole; the positioning column (17) penetrates through the center holes of the first standard sample (4) and the second standard sample (5), and a gap is arranged between the positioning column (17) and the torque transmission assembly (1).

5. A thread compound testing device according to claim 2 wherein, The center hole diameters of the ball bearing (8) and the alloy steel cylinder (9) are greater than the outer diameter of the cylinder end of the first sample clamping groove (7).

6. A thread compound testing device according to claim 1 wherein, The torque transmission assembly (1) comprises a torque transmission joint (14), a connecting column (15) and a second sample clamping groove (16), one end of the torque transmission joint (14) is connected with the motor, and the torque transmission is driven by the motor; the other end of the torque transmission joint (14) is connected with one end of the connecting column (15), the sidewall of the connecting column (15) is provided with a screw thread, the connecting column (15) penetrates through the equipment beam (2), and the sidewall of the connecting column (15) is threadedly connected with the equipment beam (2), the other end of the connecting column (15) is fixedly connected with the second sample clamping groove (16), and the second standard sample (5) abuts against the second sample clamping groove (16).

7. A thread compound testing device according to claim 1 wherein, Two groups of frame columns (3) are respectively provided with spring structures (13) corresponding to each other, which are used for adjusting the length of the frame column (13).

8. A thread compound testing device according to claim 1 wherein, The torque transmission assembly (1), the first standard sample (4), the second standard sample (5) and the sample clamping groove assembly are coaxially arranged in the threaded grease test area.

9. A thread compound testing device according to claim 1 wherein, After the two groups of frame columns (3) pass through the equipment beam (2), they are fixed through the nut (12), and the pressure sensor (11) is located between the nut (12) and the equipment beam (2).

10. A thread compound testing method based on a thread compound testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: The motor drives the torque transmission assembly (1), the torque transmission assembly (1) cooperates with the equipment beam (2), and after rotation, the displacement of the two groups of equipment beams (2) between the two groups of frame columns (3) changes, the equipment beam (2) sleeved with the torque transmission assembly (1) moves backward, at the same time, the second standard sample (5) coated with threaded grease (6) and the sample clamping groove assembly are rotated, the second standard sample (5) transmits torque through the friction force on the contact surface of the first standard sample (4), the torque sensor (10) collects torque data, the two groups of frame columns (3) generate tension while the equipment beam (2) moves backward, the pressure sensor (11) collects pressure data, and the threaded grease is tested through the collected torque data and pressure data.

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