A smart grid dispatching system for hydrogen fuel cells

Abstract

This invention relates to a smart grid dispatching system for hydrogen fuel cells, belonging to the field of hydrogen fuel cells. It includes a hydrogen fuel cell, a solid hydrogen production device, a battery, and a control system. The hydrogen fuel cell, solid hydrogen production device, and battery are all connected to the control system. When the power of the electrical load exceeds the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, the control system controls the battery to discharge to supplement the output power. When the power of the electrical load equals the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, the control system controls the solid hydrogen production device to maintain the hydrogen production rate. When the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, the control system controls the solid hydrogen production device to reduce the hydrogen production rate and controls the battery to charge to absorb part of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell. This system can promote a balance between power supply and power load, improve hydrogen utilization, avoid excessive start-stop cycles of the hydrogen fuel cell, help improve stack life, and expand the application scenarios of hydrogen fuel cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, and in particular to a smart grid dispatching system for hydrogen fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells directly convert the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. This energy conversion process is not limited by the Carnot cycle, and its energy conversion efficiency is significantly higher than that of traditional internal combustion engines, effectively reducing energy loss and improving energy utilization. During the reaction, the main product is water, achieving virtually zero emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants, making it very environmentally friendly and helping to alleviate air pollution and reduce the greenhouse effect. Compared to traditional fuel-fired power generation equipment, hydrogen fuel cells generate extremely little noise during operation, offering a significant advantage in scenarios with strict noise restrictions.

[0003] To adapt to changes in electrical load power, hydrogen fuel cells face frequent start-ups, shutdowns, and operation under various conditions. However, key materials for hydrogen fuel cells (such as proton exchange membranes and precious metal catalysts) are expensive and their manufacturing processes are complex, resulting in high manufacturing costs. Their performance degrades with increased usage time and start-stop cycles, leading to issues such as reduced catalyst activity and proton exchange membrane aging. Furthermore, the hydrogen production rate of the solid hydrogen production device supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell is slow to increase and decrease, preventing the production rate from adapting quickly to changes in electrical load. This results in a slow response of the hydrogen fuel cell to power load fluctuations and a power imbalance. Therefore, current hydrogen fuel cell power supply suffers from excessive start-stop cycles, hydrogen supply-demand mismatch, and power imbalance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the inventors have developed this invention, providing a hydrogen fuel cell grid intelligent dispatching system. The hydrogen fuel cell grid intelligent dispatching system includes: a hydrogen fuel cell, a solid hydrogen production device, a storage battery, and a control system. The hydrogen fuel cell, the solid hydrogen production device, and the storage battery are all connected to the control system.

[0005] The hydrogen outlet of the solid hydrogen production device is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell anode.

[0006] The control system is used to perform intelligent scheduling of mixed power supply based on the power of the electrical load and the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0007] The intelligent scheduling of the hybrid power supply state includes:

[0008] When the power of the electrical load is greater than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, the control system controls the solid hydrogen production device (2) to increase the hydrogen production rate and controls the battery to discharge in order to supplement the output power.

[0009] When the power of the electrical load is equal to the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, the control system controls the solid hydrogen production device to maintain the hydrogen production rate.

[0010] When the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, the control system controls the solid hydrogen production device to reduce the hydrogen production rate and controls the battery to charge in order to absorb part of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0011] Optionally, the solid hydrogen production device further includes a hydrogen buffer device, which is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the solid hydrogen production device and the hydrogen inlet gas path of the hydrogen fuel cell anode, respectively, and is controlled by the control system.

[0012] The control system is also used to control the hydrogen buffer device to store hydrogen produced by the solid hydrogen production device when the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and to control the hydrogen buffer device to release the stored hydrogen to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell anode when the power of the electrical load is greater than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0013] Optionally, the solid hydrogen production device further includes a hydrogen compression device, which is connected to the hydrogen buffer device via a gas path and is controlled by the control system. The control system is also used to control the hydrogen compression device to compress the hydrogen in the hydrogen buffer device.

[0014] Optionally, the power output terminal of the hydrogen fuel cell is electrically connected to a DC-DC converter.

[0015] Optionally, the control system is further configured to control the solid hydrogen production device to increase the hydrogen production rate when the power of the electrical load is greater than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0016] Optionally, the control system is further configured to, when the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, control the battery to absorb the portion of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell that exceeds the power of the electrical load.

[0017] Optionally, the control system is also used to configure the solid hydrogen production device to operate in the following modes: device activation state, standby / low-power hydrogen production mode, low-load hydrogen production mode, high-efficiency / optimal hydrogen production mode, high-load / rated hydrogen production mode, overload / peak hydrogen production mode, and device cooling state.

[0018] The standby / low-power hydrogen production mode corresponds to the standby / low-power range of the hydrogen fuel cell stack power, and the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell stack power range is 0% to 10% of its rated power.

[0019] The low-load hydrogen production mode corresponds to the low-load power range of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, and the corresponding power range of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is 10% to 30% of its rated power.

[0020] The high-efficiency / optimal hydrogen production mode corresponds to the high-efficiency / optimal operating range of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, and the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell stack power range is 30% to 70% of its rated power.

[0021] The high-load / rated hydrogen production mode corresponds to the high-load / rated hydrogen production range of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, and the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell stack power range is 70% to 100% of its rated power.

[0022] The hydrogen fuel cell stack power overload / peak power zone corresponding to the overload / peak hydrogen production mode is where the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell stack power range exceeds its rated power by 100%.

[0023] The charging rate categories of the battery include trickle charging, slow / normal charging, medium-speed charging, and fast charging. The charging rate range of trickle charging is less than 0.1C, the charging rate range of slow / normal charging is 0.1C to 0.3C, the charging rate range of medium-speed charging is 0.3C to 0.7C, and the charging rate range of fast charging is 0.7C to 2.0C.

[0024] Optionally, the control system is also used to control the solid hydrogen production device to operate according to the activation power when the electrical load is disconnected.

[0025] Optionally, the control system is further configured to: control the solid hydrogen production device to enter an activation power state when the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the battery charge is higher than a first threshold; and control the solid hydrogen production device to enter a cooling state when the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the battery charge is higher than a second threshold, wherein the first threshold is less than the second threshold.

[0026] Optionally, the battery further includes a battery management system, which includes a data acquisition module, a status assessment module, a battery control module, and a communication module.

[0027] The data acquisition module is used to monitor the battery status parameters in real time;

[0028] The status assessment module is used to output battery assessment and prediction information based on battery status parameters.

[0029] The battery control module is used to control the charging and discharging process of the battery based on the battery evaluation and prediction information.

[0030] The communication module is used for communication between the battery and the control system.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned technical solution provided by the present invention include at least the following:

[0032] The technical solution provided in this application can promote the balance between the power supply and electrical load of hydrogen fuel cells, contributing to the safety and stability of the power grid. It can also promote the balance between hydrogen supply and demand in hydrogen fuel cells, helping to maintain a safe and stable hydrogen pressure, improving hydrogen utilization and energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, it can buffer power fluctuations, preventing excessive start-stop cycles of the hydrogen fuel cell, reducing the wear and tear on the proton exchange membrane and precious metal catalyst, and lowering the maintenance costs of the hydrogen fuel cell power supply system. By increasing the charge-discharge cycles of the lower-cost battery, the number of start-stop cycles of the higher-cost hydrogen fuel cell is significantly reduced, while ensuring the hydrogen fuel cell operates at high efficiency, greatly extending stack life, reducing system costs, and helping to expand the application scenarios of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0033] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell power grid intelligent dispatching system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of state A in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of state B in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of state C in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of state D in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of state E in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0043] To address the problems existing in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a hydrogen fuel cell grid intelligent dispatching system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the intelligent dispatching system for hydrogen fuel cell power grid includes: a hydrogen fuel cell 1, a solid hydrogen production device 2, a storage battery 3, and a control system 4. The hydrogen fuel cell 1, the solid hydrogen production device 2, and the storage battery 3 are all connected to the control system 4. The hydrogen outlet of the solid hydrogen production device 2 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell 1. The control system 4 is used to perform intelligent dispatching of mixed power supply states based on the power of the electrical load and the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1. The mixed power supply states include: when the power of the electrical load is greater than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1, the control system 4 controls the solid hydrogen production device (2) to increase the hydrogen production rate and controls the storage battery 3 to discharge to supplement the output power; when the power of the electrical load is equal to the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1, the control system 4 controls the solid hydrogen production device 2 to maintain the hydrogen production rate; when the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1, the control system 4 controls the solid hydrogen production device 2 to reduce the hydrogen production rate and controls the storage battery 3 to charge to absorb part of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1.

[0044] Among them, hydrogen fuel cell 1 is a PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell. A single PEM fuel cell has a low output voltage; actual fuel cells are composed of multiple cells connected in series, called a fuel cell stack, or simply a stack. A fuel cell stack mainly consists of bipolar plates, membrane electrode assemblies, gaskets, heat dissipation plates, current collectors, insulating plates, and end caps. The membrane electrode assembly includes a proton exchange membrane, a catalyst layer, and a diffusion layer. The proton exchange membrane acts as both a separator and an electrolyte, preventing gas exchange between the anode and cathode, preventing the hydrogen-oxygen mixture from exploding, allowing only protons to pass through, while blocking electron transfer, forcing electrons to flow through the external circuit to output electrical energy. Platinum (Pt) catalysts are often used, and the complex manufacturing process of hydrogen fuel cells results in high manufacturing costs, limiting their large-scale commercialization and hindering their application in many scenarios, allowing them to be used primarily in certain specialized fields where cost is relatively insensitive. Hydrogen fuel cell 1 includes a proton exchange membrane, an anode catalyst layer, a cathode catalyst layer, an anode end plate, a cathode end plate, an anode gas diffusion layer, and a cathode gas diffusion layer.

[0045] In the above scheme, the control system 4 switches between hybrid power supply states based on the power of the electrical load and the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1, which can promote the balance between the power supply of the hydrogen fuel cell and the power of the electrical load, contributing to the safety and stability of the power grid. When the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1, the control system 4 controls the solid hydrogen production device 2 to reduce the hydrogen production rate, which can promote the balance between hydrogen supply and demand in the hydrogen fuel cell, help maintain a safe and stable hydrogen pressure, and improve hydrogen utilization and energy conversion efficiency. When the power of the electrical load is greater than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1, the control system 4 controls the battery 3 to discharge to supplement the output power. When the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1, the control system 4 controls the battery 3 to charge to absorb part of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1, which can buffer power changes, avoid excessive start-stop cycles of the hydrogen fuel cell, reduce the wear of the proton exchange membrane and precious metal catalyst of the hydrogen fuel cell, and reduce the maintenance cost of the power supply system of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0046] In some optional embodiments, predicted power load values ​​for multiple consecutive time periods are obtained. Based on these predicted values, the hydrogen production rate of the solid hydrogen production device 2 for the corresponding time periods is set. The predicted power load values ​​for the multiple consecutive time periods are dimensionless and normalized to obtain the power demand values ​​for the multiple consecutive time periods. The hydrogen production rate of the solid hydrogen production device 2 for the corresponding time periods is dimensionless and normalized to obtain the supply value for the solid hydrogen production device 2 for the corresponding time periods. The sum of the absolute values ​​of the differences between the demand and supply values ​​within the multiple consecutive corresponding time periods is used as a loss function. A scheduling optimization scheme that minimizes the loss function is obtained using a particle swarm optimization algorithm or other scheduling optimization methods. That is, the hydrogen production rate setpoint for the multiple consecutive time periods when the loss function is minimized. Based on the hydrogen production rate setpoint for the multiple consecutive time periods, the hydrogen output gas path of the solid hydrogen production device 2 is configured. The hydrogen output gas path passes through at least one hydrogen buffer device. The hydrogen buffer device adjusts the hydrogen production rate of the solid hydrogen production device 2 by releasing or absorbing hydrogen in the hydrogen output gas path.

[0047] In some optional embodiments, the solid hydrogen production device 2 further includes a hydrogen buffer device, which is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the solid hydrogen production device 2 and the hydrogen inlet gas path of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell 1, respectively, and is controlled by the control system 4.

[0048] The control system 4 is also used to control the hydrogen buffer device to store the hydrogen produced by the solid hydrogen production device 2 when the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1, and to control the hydrogen buffer device to release the stored hydrogen to the hydrogen inlet of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell 1 when the power of the electrical load is greater than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1.

[0049] The aforementioned hydrogen buffer device can promote the balance between hydrogen supply and demand in hydrogen fuel cells, help maintain a safe and stable hydrogen pressure, and improve hydrogen utilization and energy conversion efficiency.

[0050] Furthermore, in some optional embodiments, the solid hydrogen production device 2 further includes a hydrogen compression device, which is connected to the hydrogen buffer device via a gas path and is controlled by the control system 4. The control system 4 is also used to control the hydrogen compression device to compress the hydrogen in the hydrogen buffer device.

[0051] Hydrogen compression devices can expand the hydrogen storage capacity of hydrogen buffer devices, enhance the ability to regulate the balance between hydrogen supply and demand, help maintain a safe and stable hydrogen pressure, and help improve hydrogen utilization and energy conversion efficiency.

[0052] In some alternative embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the power output terminal of the hydrogen fuel cell 1 is electrically connected to a DC-DC converter. The DC-DC converter converts the input DC voltage to the required output voltage level to meet the needs of different devices, monitors output parameters in real time, triggers protection mechanisms to avoid load damage, provides overvoltage / overcurrent protection, and prevents overcharging / over-discharging in battery-powered devices.

[0053] In some optional embodiments, the control system 4 is further configured to control the solid hydrogen production device 2 to increase the hydrogen production rate when the power of the electrical load is greater than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1. By increasing the hydrogen production rate, the hydrogen supply of the hydrogen fuel cell 1 is increased, thereby increasing the power output level of the hydrogen fuel cell 1 and helping to achieve a balance between the power supply of the hydrogen fuel cell and the power of the electrical load.

[0054] In some optional embodiments, the control system 4 is further configured to control the hydrogen fuel cell 1 to supply power to the control system 4 when the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1. In this case, the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1 is too high. To achieve a balance between the power supplied by the hydrogen fuel cell and the power of the electrical load, additional electrical equipment on the load side can be added, thereby increasing the power of the electrical load and narrowing the gap between the power supplied by the hydrogen fuel cell and the power of the electrical load. Therefore, having the power of the control system 4 also supplied by the hydrogen fuel cell 1 helps to narrow the gap between the power supplied by the hydrogen fuel cell and the power of the electrical load, achieving a balance between the power supplied by the hydrogen fuel cell and the power of the electrical load, and reducing the power fluctuation range.

[0055] In some optional embodiments, the battery 3 further includes a battery management system, which includes a data acquisition module, a status assessment module, a battery control module, and a communication module.

[0056] The data acquisition module is used to monitor battery status parameters in real time, such as battery voltage, current, temperature and other parameters.

[0057] The state assessment module is used to assess and predict the battery's state of health (SOH) and state of charge (SOC) based on the battery's state parameters, and output battery assessment and prediction information to provide a basis for the rational use and maintenance of the battery.

[0058] The battery control module is used to control the charging and discharging process of the battery 3 according to the battery evaluation and prediction information, such as preventing the battery from overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating, so as to extend the battery's service life and ensure the battery's safety and reliability.

[0059] The communication module is used for communication between the battery 3 and the control system 4, realizing communication between the battery and external devices, transmitting the battery status information to the external devices, and receiving control commands from the external devices to realize remote monitoring and management of the battery.

[0060] Furthermore, in some specific embodiments, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the mixed power supply states specifically include state A, state B, state C, state D, and state E.

[0061] State A represents the power supply startup phase, which requires detecting the battery output power P1, which is also the target power supply for the hydrogen fuel cell. In some optional embodiments, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the control system 4 detects the charge of the storage battery 3 and is also used to control the solid hydrogen production device 2 to enter the activation power state when the charge of the storage battery 3 is lower than the starting limit (e.g., the charge of the storage battery 3 is ≤65%). The solid hydrogen production device 2 operates according to the activation power P0. After the hydrogen pressure reaches the starting pressure, the hydrogen fuel cell 1 is started. The solid hydrogen production device 2 operates according to the target power P1 and the target pressure, and then enters the stable operation stage.

[0062] like Figure 3 As shown, during the stable operation phase, the solid hydrogen production device 2 continues to operate in an automatic control mode to maintain hydrogen pressure, and the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1 is 100% used to power the electrical load. At this time, the operating state is state B.

[0063] During fluctuating operation: When the electrical load fluctuates significantly, the operating state will switch between state C and state D. State C is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the hydrogen production rate of the solid hydrogen production device 2 is lower than the hydrogen consumption rate of the hydrogen fuel cell 1, and the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1 is less than the power of the electrical load. The control system 4 controls the battery 3 to discharge to supplement the output power. State D is as follows. Figure 5 As shown, the hydrogen production rate of the solid hydrogen production device 2 is higher than the hydrogen consumption rate of the hydrogen fuel cell 1, and the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1. The control system 4 controls the battery 3 to charge in order to absorb part of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1.

[0064] During the shutdown phase, the output power of hydrogen fuel cell 1 needs to be gradually reduced to zero (related to the hydrogen production rate). After pressing the shutdown button for the hybrid power supply unit, it directly enters state E, as shown below. Figure 6As shown, at this point, the solid hydrogen production device 2 enters a cooling state, the hydrogen production rate gradually decreases, and all the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1 is used to charge the battery 3. Until the pressure of the solid hydrogen production device 2 drops to a safe value, below the start-up pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell 1, the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1 drops to zero, and the hybrid power supply device is completely shut down.

[0065] In some optional embodiments, the control system 4 is further configured to control the solid hydrogen production device 2 to enter an activation power state when the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1 and the charge of the battery 3 is higher than a first threshold (e.g., 85%), and to control the solid hydrogen production device 2 to enter a cooling state when the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell 1 and the charge of the battery 3 is higher than a second threshold (e.g., 95%), wherein the first threshold is less than the second threshold. The activation power state is a transitional state between the stable operating state and the cooling state of the solid hydrogen production device 2. When the charge of the battery 3 is below 85%, the system will charge the battery 3 when the hydrogen fuel cell 1 has additional power to increase its output. When the charge of the battery 3 is between 85% and 95%, the system will minimize charging the battery 3. When the charge of the battery 3 is above 95%, the system will prioritize using the battery 3 for power output and try to keep the charge below 95%. Of course, the 85% and 95% mentioned above in this embodiment are determined and adjustable based on the battery capacity, the maximum power of the load, and the output capacity of the fuel cell stack.

[0066] In extreme cases (sudden disconnection of electrical appliances), the system immediately enters state E. In some optional embodiments, the control system 4 is also used to control the solid hydrogen generation device 2 to operate at the activation power when the electrical load is disconnected. In this case, the battery 3 is charged according to its state of charge (SOC) at the maximum safe charging current until the battery charge is greater than or equal to a first threshold (e.g., 85%). Then, the solid hydrogen generation device 2 enters a cooling state until it is in standby mode. Since the power of the electrical load drops sharply to zero when the electrical appliance (electrical load) is disconnected, the power imbalance becomes prominent, and it is necessary to reduce the hydrogen production rate of the solid hydrogen generation device 2 as soon as possible. Therefore, when the electrical load is disconnected, the solid hydrogen generation device 2 is controlled to operate at the activation power, and the solid hydrogen generation device 2 is controlled to enter the cooling state when the battery charge is greater than or equal to the first threshold, rather than waiting until the battery charge is higher than a second threshold (e.g., 95%) before controlling the solid hydrogen generation device 2 to enter the cooling state.

[0067] In some optional embodiments, the solid hydrogen production device 2 and the hydrogen fuel cell 1 are configured with corresponding operating modes for ease of implementation. As shown in Table 1, the operating modes of the solid hydrogen production device 2 include: device activation state, standby / low-power hydrogen production mode, low-load hydrogen production mode, high-efficiency / optimal hydrogen production mode, high-load / rated hydrogen production mode, overload / peak hydrogen production mode, and device cooling state;

[0068] The standby / low-power hydrogen production mode corresponds to the standby / low-power range of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1, and the corresponding power range of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 is 0% to 10% of its rated power.

[0069] The low-load hydrogen production mode corresponds to the low-load power range of hydrogen fuel cell stack 1, and the corresponding power range of hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 is 10% to 30% of its rated power.

[0070] The high-efficiency / optimal hydrogen production mode corresponds to the high-efficiency / optimal operating range of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1, and the corresponding power range of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 is 30% to 70% of its rated power.

[0071] The high-load / rated hydrogen production mode corresponds to the high-load / rated hydrogen production zone of hydrogen fuel cell stack 1, and the corresponding power range of hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 is 70% to 100% of its rated power.

[0072] The overload / peak hydrogen production mode corresponds to the overload / peak power range of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1, where the power range of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 exceeds 100% of its rated power.

[0073]

[0074] For ease of implementation, the charging rate categories of battery 3 include trickle charging, slow / normal charging, medium-speed charging, and fast charging. As shown in Table 2, the charging rate range of trickle charging is less than 0.1C, the charging rate range of slow / normal charging is 0.1C to 0.3C, the charging rate range of medium-speed charging is 0.3C to 0.7C, and the charging rate range of fast charging is 0.7C to 2.0C.

[0075]

[0076] In the aforementioned hybrid power supply scheme, the hybrid power supply of hydrogen fuel cells and batteries can reduce sudden changes in the output power of hydrogen fuel cells by slightly increasing the number of charge-discharge cycles of the batteries. Through power supply scheme adjustment, the hydrogen fuel cells can operate in a relatively stable state, improving their lifespan, reducing system maintenance costs, and broadening the system's application scenarios, demonstrating high feasibility. Simultaneously, with the increasing demand for batteries in new energy vehicles and energy storage, their production scale is continuously expanding. Large-scale production allows for more rational allocation of costs in raw material procurement, production equipment depreciation, and labor, reducing the unit battery production cost. The continuous improvement of the battery industry chain, including the collaborative development of upstream raw material suppliers, midstream battery manufacturers, and downstream application manufacturers, improves the efficiency of the entire industry chain and reduces transaction costs between links, giving it a greater advantage in cost control. Therefore, slightly increasing the number of battery charge-discharge cycles will not significantly increase system maintenance costs.

[0077] The technical solution provided in this application can promote the balance between the power supply and electrical load of hydrogen fuel cells, contributing to the safety and stability of the power grid. It can also promote the balance between hydrogen supply and demand in hydrogen fuel cells, helping to maintain a safe and stable hydrogen pressure, improving hydrogen utilization and energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, it can buffer power fluctuations, preventing excessive start-stop cycles of the hydrogen fuel cell, reducing the wear and tear on the proton exchange membrane and precious metal catalyst, and lowering the maintenance costs of the hydrogen fuel cell power supply system. By increasing the charge-discharge cycles of the lower-cost battery, the number of start-stop cycles of the higher-cost hydrogen fuel cell is significantly reduced, while ensuring the hydrogen fuel cell operates at high efficiency, greatly extending stack life, reducing system costs, and helping to expand the application scenarios of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0078] Any modifications, additions, and equivalent substitutions made within the scope of the principles of this invention shall still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

[0079] The terms "first" and "second" mentioned above do not indicate a sequential order, but rather represent a distinction between different characteristics.

Claims

1. A smart grid dispatching system for hydrogen fuel cells, characterized in that, The intelligent grid dispatching system for hydrogen fuel cells includes: a hydrogen fuel cell (1), a solid hydrogen production device (2), a storage battery (3), and a control system (4). The hydrogen fuel cell (1), the solid hydrogen production device (2), and the storage battery (3) are all connected to the control system (4). The solid hydrogen production device (2) includes a hydrogen buffer device, which is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the solid hydrogen production device (2) and the hydrogen inlet of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell (1). The hydrogen buffer device is connected to the control system (4). The hydrogen outlet of the solid hydrogen production device (2) is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell (1). The control system (4) is used to perform intelligent scheduling of mixed power supply states based on the power of the electrical load and the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell (1); The intelligent scheduling of the hybrid power supply state includes: When the power of the electrical load is greater than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell (1), the control system (4) controls the solid hydrogen production device (2) to increase the hydrogen production rate, controls the storage battery (3) to discharge to supplement the output power, and controls the hydrogen buffer device to release the stored hydrogen to the hydrogen inlet of the anode of the hydrogen fuel cell (1). When the power of the electrical load is equal to the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell (1), the control system (4) controls the solid hydrogen production device (2) to maintain the hydrogen production rate. When the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell (1), the control system (4) controls the solid hydrogen production device (2) to reduce the hydrogen production rate, controls the battery (3) to charge to absorb part of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell (1), and controls the hydrogen buffer device to store the hydrogen produced by the solid hydrogen production device (2). The control system (4) is also used to adjust the hydrogen production rate of the solid hydrogen production device (2), specifically including: obtaining the predicted power consumption of multiple consecutive time periods; setting the hydrogen production rate of the solid hydrogen production device (2) for the corresponding time period based on the predicted power consumption of multiple consecutive time periods; removing the dimensions and normalizing the predicted power consumption of multiple consecutive time periods to obtain the power consumption demand value of multiple consecutive time periods; removing the dimensions and normalizing the hydrogen production rate of the solid hydrogen production device (2) for the corresponding time period to obtain the solid hydrogen production rate for the corresponding time period. The supply value of device (2); the sum of the absolute values ​​of the differences between the demand value and the supply value in multiple consecutive corresponding time periods is used as the loss function. The hydrogen production rate setting value of multiple consecutive time periods is solved by the particle swarm optimization algorithm to find the minimum value of the loss function; according to the hydrogen production rate setting value of multiple consecutive time periods, the hydrogen output gas path of the solid hydrogen production device (2) is configured. The hydrogen output gas path passes through at least one hydrogen buffer device. The hydrogen buffer device adjusts the hydrogen production rate of the solid hydrogen production device (2) by releasing or absorbing hydrogen in the hydrogen output gas path.

2. The intelligent dispatching system for hydrogen fuel cell power grids as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The solid hydrogen production device (2) also includes a hydrogen compression device, which is connected to the hydrogen buffer device via a gas path. The hydrogen compression device is also connected to the control system (4). The control system (4) is also used to control the hydrogen compression device to compress the hydrogen in the hydrogen buffer device.

3. The intelligent dispatching system for hydrogen fuel cell power grids as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power output terminal of the hydrogen fuel cell (1) is electrically connected to the DC-DC converter.

4. The intelligent dispatching system for hydrogen fuel cell power grids as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The operating modes of the solid hydrogen production device (2) include: device activation state, standby / low power hydrogen production mode, low load hydrogen production mode, high efficiency / optimal hydrogen production mode, high load / rated hydrogen production mode, overload / peak hydrogen production mode and device cooling state; The standby / low-power hydrogen production mode corresponds to the standby / low-power range of the hydrogen fuel cell (1) stack power, and the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell (1) stack power range is 0% to 10% of its rated power; The low-load hydrogen production mode corresponds to the low-load power range of the hydrogen fuel cell (1) stack, and the corresponding power range of the hydrogen fuel cell (1) stack is 10% to 30% of its rated power; The high-efficiency / optimal hydrogen production mode corresponds to the high-efficiency / optimal operating range of the hydrogen fuel cell (1) stack power, and the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell (1) stack power range is 30% to 70% of its rated power; The high-load / rated hydrogen production mode corresponds to the high-load / rated hydrogen production zone of the hydrogen fuel cell (1) stack power, and the corresponding hydrogen fuel cell (1) stack power range is 70% to 100% of its rated power; The overload / peak hydrogen production mode corresponds to the overload / peak power region of the hydrogen fuel cell (1) stack, and the corresponding power range of the hydrogen fuel cell (1) stack exceeds its rated power by 100%. The charging rate categories of the battery (3) include trickle charging, slow / normal charging, medium-speed charging and fast charging. The charging rate range of trickle charging is less than 0.1C, the charging rate range of slow / normal charging is 0.1C to 0.3C, the charging rate range of medium-speed charging is 0.3C to 0.7C, and the charging rate range of fast charging is 0.7C to 2.0C.

5. The intelligent dispatching system for hydrogen fuel cell power grids as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The control system (4) is also used to control the solid hydrogen production device (2) to operate at the activation power when the electrical load is disconnected. The activation power state is a transitional state between the stable operating state and the cooling state of the solid hydrogen production device (2).

6. The intelligent dispatching system for hydrogen fuel cell power grids as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The control system (4) is also used to control the solid hydrogen production device (2) to enter the activation state when the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell (1) and the power of the storage battery (3) is higher than the first threshold, and to control the solid hydrogen production device (2) to enter the cooling state when the power of the electrical load is less than the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell (1) and the power of the storage battery (3) is higher than the second threshold, wherein the first threshold is less than the second threshold.

7. The intelligent dispatching system for hydrogen fuel cell power grids as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery (3) also includes a battery management system, which includes a data acquisition module, a status assessment module, a battery control module and a communication module; The data acquisition module is used to monitor the battery status parameters in real time; The status assessment module is used to output battery assessment and prediction information based on battery status parameters. The battery control module is used to control the charging and discharging process of the battery (3) based on the battery evaluation and prediction information; The communication module is used for communication between the battery (3) and the control system (4).

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