PCBA board adaptive expansion device before entering shell and shell mounting process

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of PCBA board adaptive opening device before entering shell and shell process, it is related to PCBA board shell technology field, including fixed seat, lifting assembly is located in fixed seat one side, lifting frame is connected with lifting assembly, two shell opening components are symmetrically arranged in the side of lifting frame away from fixed seat;Shell opening component includes driving element, driving element is located in the side of lifting frame away from fixed seat, fixed block is located in the bottom of driving element, movable block is connected with the output shaft of driving element, multiple fixed claws are equidistantly arranged in one end of fixed block, multiple opening claws are equidistantly arranged in one end of movable block, and are spaced apart from fixed claw, and opening claw is equal in height with fixed claw, multiple avoiding grooves are equidistantly arranged in the bottom of movable block, and avoiding groove is provided with fixed claw in penetration;It can ensure the stable placement of PCBA board in shell, solve the problem of shell mounting difficulty caused by size deviation, improve shell mounting efficiency and quality, and ensure the smooth progress of subsequent production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of PCBA board enclosure technology, specifically to an adaptive expansion device and enclosure process for PCBA boards before being placed into the enclosure. Background Technology

[0002] In electronic equipment manufacturing, the assembly of PCBA boards (printed circuit boards with components already assembled) and their housings is a critical process. In existing housing assembly processes, the housings are usually injection molded parts, which have dimensional deviations of ±0.1-0.3mm. In addition, some housings are made of elastic materials such as ABS (engineering plastic), which are prone to edge shrinkage, leading to problems such as jamming and scratching of components when the PCBA board is inserted into the housing.

[0003] Traditional shell-mounting methods often involve manually expanding the shell edges using tools like tweezers, which is inefficient and prone to deformation due to uneven force. To improve shell-mounting efficiency, existing methods typically use cylinder-driven grippers for expansion. However, these methods lack limiting devices after the PCBA board is inserted into the shell. After the grippers reset, the shell edges retract, causing the PCBA board to wobble or shift within the shell, making it difficult to maintain a stable position. This results in inconsistent shell-mounting quality, affecting subsequent production processes and the overall performance of the product. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive expansion device and a casing process for PCBA boards before they are placed in the casing, which can ensure the stable placement of PCBA boards in the casing, solve the problem of casing difficulties caused by casing size deviations, improve casing efficiency and quality, and ensure the smooth progress of subsequent production.

[0005] The above-mentioned optimized structure of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a PCBA board self-adaptive opening device before entering the shell, including a fixing base;

[0006] A lifting assembly, wherein the lifting assembly is disposed on one side of the fixed base;

[0007] A lifting frame, which is connected to the lifting assembly;

[0008] Two housing expansion assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the side of the lifting frame away from the fixed base;

[0009] The housing expansion assembly includes a driving component, which is located on the side of the lifting frame away from the fixed base.

[0010] A fixing block is provided at the bottom of the driving component;

[0011] A movable block, which is connected to the output shaft of the drive component;

[0012] Multiple fixing claws are equally spaced at one end of the fixing block;

[0013] Multiple spreading claws are evenly spaced at one end of the movable block and spaced apart from the fixed claws, and the spreading claws are at the same height as the fixed claws;

[0014] Multiple clearance slots are provided at equal intervals at the bottom of the movable block, and the clearance slots are provided with the fixing claws through them.

[0015] In some embodiments, the housing expansion assembly further includes a retaining assembly disposed on one side close to the fixing claw and the expansion claw, which enables stable placement of the PCBA board within the housing.

[0016] In some embodiments, the retaining component includes a rotating groove disposed on one side of the fixing claw near the spreading claw or on one side of the spreading claw near the fixing claw;

[0017] Two synchronous pulleys are rotatably disposed at the top and bottom of the rotating groove, respectively.

[0018] A timing belt, which is connected to two timing pulleys for transmission;

[0019] Multiple retaining plates are evenly spaced on the surface of the synchronous belt.

[0020] In some embodiments, the retaining assembly further includes a retaining block disposed within the rotating groove and between the two timing pulleys, wherein the outer surface of the timing belt is flush with one side surface of the fixing claw or the spreading claw.

[0021] In some embodiments, the retaining component further includes a limiting groove, which is disposed at one end of the rotating groove;

[0022] A limiting shaft, one end of which is coaxially sleeved with the synchronous pulley located at the top of the rotating groove, and the other end of which is rotatably disposed within the limiting groove;

[0023] A ratchet, which is rotatably disposed in the rotating groove and coaxially connected to the limiting shaft;

[0024] A pawl, which is rotatably disposed in the rotating groove and engages with the ratchet.

[0025] A PCBA board packaging process includes the following steps:

[0026] Step S1: Place multiple housings on the turnover fixture, and move them to the bottom of the lifting frame through the action of the circulation line, so that the housings are aligned with the fixing claw and the spreading claw;

[0027] Step S2: The gripping device grips the PCBA boards that match the number of shells and moves them to the top of the turnover fixture via the transfer device, so that the PCBA boards correspond one-to-one with the shells.

[0028] In step S3, the lifting assembly drives the lifting frame to descend, so that the fixed claw and the spreading claw are simultaneously inserted into the corresponding housing. The driving component drives the spreading claw to move away from the fixed claw through the movable block, thus spreading the housing.

[0029] Step S4: The transfer device drives the gripping device to descend, the gripping device drives the PCBA board to descend and place it into the corresponding housing, and then resets. The transfer device drives the gripping device to reset.

[0030] Step S5: The driving component rotates in the opposite direction, causing the spreading claw to approach the fixing claw, releasing the spreading state of the housing, and the retaining component ensures that the PCBA board is fixed in the position inside the housing;

[0031] In step S6, the lifting assembly drives the lifting frame to rise and reset, and the turnover fixture drives the outer shell containing the PCBA board to flow into the next process through the circulation line.

[0032] In some embodiments, the transfer device includes a transfer cylinder, which is disposed on one side of the turnover fixture;

[0033] A transfer frame, which is connected to the transfer cylinder;

[0034] Two limiting seats are symmetrically arranged on one side of the transfer cylinder;

[0035] A sliding rod is disposed between the two limiting seats and passes through the transfer frame;

[0036] An obstacle avoidance cylinder is located on the top of the transfer frame near the turnover fixture;

[0037] An obstacle avoidance slide rail is provided vertically on one side of the transfer frame near the turnover fixture;

[0038] An obstacle avoidance block is connected to the output shaft of the obstacle avoidance cylinder and can be slidably mounted on the obstacle avoidance slide rail. The obstacle avoidance block is equipped with the gripping device.

[0039] In some embodiments, the gripping device includes a placement cylinder disposed at the bottom of the clearance block;

[0040] A placement platform, wherein the placement platform is connected to the output shaft of the placement cylinder;

[0041] Two clamping components are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the placement platform, and the bottom of each clamping component holds a plurality of PCBA boards.

[0042] In some embodiments, the clamping assembly includes a clamping plate disposed at the bottom of the placement platform;

[0043] Multiple first clamping plates are evenly spaced at the bottom of the clamping plate and connected to an external air source;

[0044] Multiple second clamping pieces are evenly spaced at the bottom of the clamping plate and connected to an external air source. The PCBA board is clamped between the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece.

[0045] In some embodiments, the gripping device further includes a limiting plate disposed above the placement cylinder;

[0046] Two limiting posts are symmetrically arranged between the limiting plate and the placement platform;

[0047] Multiple linear bearings are disposed on the top of the placement platform;

[0048] Multiple guide posts are provided on the top of the clamping assembly, and the top of the guide posts penetrates the placement platform and is slidably connected to the linear bearing;

[0049] A spring is disposed between the clamping assembly and the placement platform.

[0050] The above-described technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0051] The shell opening assembly of the present invention drives the movable block to move through the driving component, so that the opening claw moves relative to the fixed claw, thereby achieving symmetrical opening of the two sides of the shell. This solves the problem of shell skewing caused by traditional single-sided opening. At the same time, the driving distance of the driving component is adjusted according to the size of different shells to adaptively adjust the degree of opening, realizing the opening operation of various types of shells and improving the versatility and flexibility of the device.

[0052] This invention utilizes a retaining assembly to support and secure the PCBA board after it is placed in the housing, preventing it from shaking or shifting due to the housing's rebound and ensuring stable housing quality. Simultaneously, the ratchet and pawl mechanism ensures unidirectional transmission of the synchronous belt, preventing the retaining plate from rotating after the housing resets, further enhancing the reliability of the retaining assembly. Attached Figure Description

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spreading device of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view showing the connection between the fixing claw, the spreading claw, the outer shell, and the PCBA board of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view showing the connection between the fixing claw, the spreading claw, the outer shell, and the PCBA board of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view showing the connection between the opening claw and the retaining component of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0059] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spreading device, the turnover jig, the gripping device, and the transfer device of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the gripping device and the transfer device of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the gripping device and the transfer device of the present invention from another perspective;

[0062] Figure 9 This is a front view of the gripping device and the transfer device of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0064] In the diagram: 1. Fixed base; 2. Lifting assembly; 3. Lifting frame; 4. Housing opening assembly; 41. Drive component; 42. Fixed block; 43. Movable block; 44. Fixed claw; 45. Opening claw; 46. Clearance groove; 47. Holding assembly; 471. Rotation groove; 472. Synchronous pulley; 473. Synchronous belt; 474. Holding plate; 475. Holding block; 476. Limit groove; 477. Limit shaft; 478. Ratchet; 4 79. Pawl; 5. Turnover fixture; 6. Gripping device; 61. Placement cylinder; 62. Placement platform; 63. Clamping plate; 64. First clamping piece; 65. Second clamping piece; 66. Limiting plate; 67. Limiting post; 68. Linear bearing; 69. Guide post; 7. Transfer device; 71. Transfer cylinder; 72. Transfer frame; 73. Limiting seat; 74. Slide rod; 75. Avoidance cylinder; 76. Avoidance slide rail; 77. Avoidance block. Detailed Implementation

[0065] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0066] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0067] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0068] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0069] refer to Figure 1-5 An adaptive opening device for PCBA board before shell insertion includes a fixed base 1, a lifting assembly 2, a lifting frame 3, and two shell opening assemblies 4. The fixed base is the basic support component of the entire device, providing a stable installation position for other components. The lifting assembly 2 is located on one side of the fixed base 1 and connected to the lifting frame 3. It can drive the lifting frame 3 to move vertically, thereby adjusting the height of the shell opening assembly 4 so that it can be accurately aligned with the shell for operation. The lifting assembly 2 may include a lifting cylinder and a lifting slide rail. The output shaft of the lifting cylinder is connected to the lifting frame. The lifting slide rail is located on the fixed base 1. The lifting frame 3 is driven by the lifting cylinder to slide on the lifting slide rail. The lifting frame 3 is connected to the lifting assembly 2 and serves as the mounting carrier for the shell opening assembly. It can transmit the power of the lifting assembly 2 to the shell opening assembly 4. The two shell opening assemblies 4 are symmetrically located on the side of the lifting frame 3 away from the fixed base 1, and can simultaneously open the two sides of the shell to facilitate the subsequent insertion of the PCBA board.

[0070] The housing expansion assembly 4 includes a driving component 41, a fixed block 42, a movable block 43, multiple fixed claws 44, multiple expansion claws 45, and multiple clearance slots 46. The driving component 41 is located on the side of the lifting frame 3 away from the fixed base 1 and provides power for the expansion action of the housing expansion assembly 4. The driving component 41 can be a cylinder connected to an external air source. The fixed block 42 is located at the bottom of the driving component 41 and can be fixed by bolts, serving as the mounting carrier for the fixed claws 44. The movable block 43 is connected to the output shaft of the driving component 41 and can move horizontally under the drive of the driving component 41. Multiple fixed claws 44 are evenly spaced at one end of the fixed block 42, and there can be four of them. The specific number is designed according to the actual situation. One of them can be inserted into the housing fixing slot. Inside the side edge, fixed support points are provided for opening the outer shell. Multiple opening claws 45 are evenly spaced at one end of the movable block 43 and spaced apart from the fixed claws 44. They can be inserted into the other side edge of the outer shell fixing slot. The opening claws 45 and the fixed claws 44 are at the same height to ensure that they are inserted into the outer shell synchronously and that the force on both sides of the outer shell is uniform. Both the fixed claws 44 and the opening claws 45 are in contact with the middle of the outer shell edge. For the expansion of the outer edge, multiple clearance grooves 46 are evenly spaced at the bottom of the movable block 43, and the clearance grooves 46 pass through the fixed claws 44 to avoid interference between the movable block 43 and the fixed claws 44 when the movable block 43 moves, ensuring the smooth opening action and thus ensuring the smooth expansion of the outer shell edge by the opening claws 45 and the fixed claws 44. The movable block 43 is moved by the driving component 41, and the opening claws 45 expand away from the fixed claws 44, thereby opening the outer shell edge to meet the requirements of PCBA board insertion.

[0071] In some embodiments, the housing expansion assembly 4 further includes a retaining assembly 47, which is located on the side close to the fixing claw 44 and the expansion claw 45. When the PCBA board is placed into the housing, it can ensure that the PCBA board is in a stable position inside the housing and prevent displacement in subsequent processes.

[0072] In some embodiments, the retaining assembly 47 includes a rotating groove 471, two synchronous pulleys 472, a synchronous belt 473, and multiple retaining plates 474. The rotating groove 471 is formed on the side of the fixed claw 44 near the spreading claw 45 or on the side of the spreading claw 45 near the fixed claw 44, providing space for the installation of the synchronous pulleys 472 and the synchronous belt 473. The two synchronous pulleys 472 are rotatably mounted on the top and bottom of the rotating groove 471, forming a transmission support, and can be shaft-connected to the rotating groove 471 to realize the rotation of the synchronous pulleys 472. The synchronous belt 473 is sleeved on the two synchronous pulleys 472 and is connected to the two synchronous pulleys 472 for transmission. It can perform cyclic motion under the drive of the synchronous pulleys 472 to realize synchronous rotation. Multiple retaining plates 474 are fixed at equal intervals on the surface of the synchronous belt 473. The retaining plates 474 can be made of silicone material to avoid scratching the PCBA board. After the PCBA board is inserted into the housing, it presses against the retaining plates 474 on both sides, thereby driving the synchronous belt 473 to rotate on the two synchronous pulleys 472. When the PCBA board moves to the set position of the housing, the retaining plate 474 adjacent to the bottom of the PCBA board separates from the PCBA board, while the retaining plate 474 adjacent to the top of the PCBA board presses against the edge of the PCBA board, so as to achieve stable holding of the PCBA board in the housing and prevent the PCBA board from shaking or shifting in the housing.

[0073] In some embodiments, the retaining component 47 further includes a retaining block 475, which is disposed in the rotating groove 471 and located between the two synchronous pulleys 472. Its outer surface is in contact with the inner surface of the synchronous belt 473, which can support the synchronous belt 473 and keep the outer surface of the synchronous belt 473 flush with the side of the fixing claw 44 or the spreading claw 45, so as to prevent the synchronous belt 473 from being recessed and affecting the insertion of the housing or the placement of the PCBA board.

[0074] In some embodiments, the retaining assembly 47 further includes a limiting groove 476, a limiting shaft 477, a ratchet 478, and a pawl 479. The limiting groove 476 is disposed at one end of the rotating groove 471. One end of the limiting shaft 477 is coaxially sleeved with a synchronous pulley 472 located at the top of the rotating groove 471, and the other end of the limiting shaft 477 is rotatably disposed in the limiting groove 476. The limiting shaft 477 is coaxially sleeved with a synchronous pulley 472 located at the top of the rotating groove 471, and the other end is rotatably disposed in the limiting groove 476, which can provide rotational support for the synchronous pulley 472. The ratchet 478 is disposed in the rotating groove 471 and is coaxially fixedly connected to the limiting shaft 477. The pawl 479 is rotatably disposed in the rotating groove 471 and engages with the ratchet 478 to form a one-way locking mechanism, ensuring that the retaining plate 474 can only press the PCBA board in one direction to prevent rebound. When the retaining plate 474 presses against the PCBA board, the ratchet 478 and the pawl 479 cooperate to prevent the timing pulley 472 from rotating in the opposite direction, ensuring that the retaining plate 474 continuously presses against the PCBA board. At the same time, the retaining plate 474 immediately below the retaining plate 474 separates from the PCBA board, thereby preventing the opening pawl 45 from contacting the PCBA board when it retracts. When the opening pawl 45 and the fixing pawl 44 separate from the housing, the retaining assembly 47 is prevented from applying forces to the PCBA board in other directions, thus ensuring the stable placement of the PCBA board within the housing.

[0075] refer to Figure 6-10 In some embodiments, the transfer device 7 includes a transfer cylinder 71, a transfer frame 72, two limiting seats 73, a sliding rod 74, an obstacle avoidance cylinder 75, an obstacle avoidance rail 76, and an obstacle avoidance block 77. The transfer cylinder 71 is located on one side of the turnover fixture 5 and provides horizontal transfer power; the transfer cylinder 71 can be a rodless cylinder, and the transfer frame 72 can be fixedly connected to the slider on the rodless cylinder and can slide along the sliding rod 74; the two limiting seats 73 are symmetrically fixed on one side of the transfer cylinder 71 to support the sliding rod 74; the sliding rod 74 passes through the transfer frame 72, providing guidance for the transfer frame 72 and limiting its movement to ensure stability during movement; the obstacle avoidance cylinder 75 is located on one side of the transfer fixture 5. The top of the transfer frame 72, near the turnover fixture 5, can drive the clearance block 77 to rise and fall, avoiding interference with other components during the shelling process; the clearance slide rail 76 is vertically fixed to the side of the transfer frame 72, providing guidance for the sliding of the clearance block 77; the clearance block 77 is connected to the output shaft of the clearance cylinder 75, and the clearance block 77 is slidably connected to the clearance slide rail 76, ensuring the smooth rise and fall of the clearance block 77; a gripping device 6 is installed on the clearance block 77 to realize the vertical position adjustment of the PCBA board.

[0076] In some embodiments, the gripping device 6 includes a placement cylinder 61, a placement platform 62, and two clamping assemblies. The placement cylinder 61 is located at the bottom of the clearance block 77 and can drive the placement platform 62 to perform lifting and lowering movements, adjusting the height of the PCBA board so that it can be accurately placed into the housing. The placement platform 62 is connected to the output shaft of the placement cylinder 61 and serves as the mounting base for the clamping assemblies. The two clamping assemblies are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the placement platform 62, which can clamp multiple PCBA boards simultaneously, improving housing assembly efficiency.

[0077] In some embodiments, the clamping assembly includes a clamping plate 63, a plurality of first clamping pieces 64, and a plurality of second clamping pieces 65. The clamping plate 63 is fixed to the bottom of the placement platform 62; the plurality of first clamping pieces 64 and second clamping pieces 65 are alternately arranged at equal intervals on the bottom of the clamping plate 63, and are all connected to an external air source. The PCBA board is clamped between the first clamping pieces 64 and the second clamping pieces 65; the bottom of the first clamping pieces 64 and the second clamping pieces 65 can be provided with an air intake. By pressing on the edges of the PCBA board without components on both sides, the air intake can be as small as 1 mm. When air is supplied, the bottom of the first clamping pieces 64 and the second clamping pieces 65 generates negative pressure, clamping the edges of the PCBA board to achieve clamping of the PCBA board. When the air supply is cut off, the first clamping pieces 64 and the second clamping pieces 65 release the PCBA board, achieving contactless release.

[0078] In some embodiments, the gripping device 6 further includes a limiting plate 66, two limiting posts 67, multiple linear bearings 68, multiple guide posts 69, and a spring. The limiting plate 66 is located above the placement cylinder 61 and can limit the maximum descent distance of the placement platform 62. The two limiting posts 67 symmetrically connect the limiting plate 66 and the placement platform 62, which can enhance the connection strength between the limiting plate 66 and the placement platform 62 and improve the impact resistance of the limiting plate 66. The multiple linear bearings 68 are fixed to the top of the placement platform 62. The multiple guide posts 69 are located at the top of the clamping assembly, pass through the placement platform 62, and are slidably connected to the linear bearings 68, so that the clamping assembly can move smoothly up and down under the drive of the placement platform 62. The spring is located between the clamping assembly and the placement platform 62, which can provide cushioning for the clamping assembly, avoid damaging the PCBA board during placement, and at the same time realize the connection between the clamping assembly and the placement platform 62, ensuring the stability and reliability of the clamping assembly in the process of clamping and releasing the PCBA board.

[0079] In some embodiments, a buffer structure and an adjustment structure may be provided between the limiting plate 66 and the placement cylinder 61. The buffer structure may be a buffer spring column or the like, which can reduce the impact intensity between the limiting plate 66 and the placement cylinder 61 and protect the limiting plate 66 and the placement cylinder 61. The adjustment structure may be a limiting post fixed to the top of the placement cylinder 61 and a limiting screw screw that is screwed into the limiting plate 66. Through the contact between the limiting screw screw and the limiting post, the limiting plate 66 and the placement cylinder 61 can be limited. By rotating the limiting screw screw, the height of the limiting screw screw on the limiting plate 66 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the distance between the limiting screw screw and the limiting post, and thus adjusting the lowering height of the placement platform 62.

[0080] A PCBA board packaging process includes the following steps:

[0081] Step S1: Arrange multiple shells to be assembled neatly in the positioning slots of the turnover fixture 5 with the shell openings facing upwards. The turnover fixture 5 drives the shells along the circulation line (this is existing technology in the production line and will not be described in detail here) to be directly below the lifting frame 3. The positioning mechanism (such as a laser sensor) makes the shells correspond one-to-one with the fixing claw 44 and the opening claw 45, ensuring that the claws can be accurately inserted into the shells and contact the edges on both sides, preparing for the subsequent opening and shell assembly operations.

[0082] Step S2: The gripping assembly of the gripping device 6 moves above the PCBA board. The first gripping piece 64 and the second gripping piece 65 are ventilated, and their bottom air intakes are close to the component-free edges (1mm wide area) on both sides of the PCBA board to achieve non-destructive gripping and grip the PCBA board that matches the number of shells. The transfer cylinder 71 drives the transfer frame 72 to slide along the slide bar 74 to transfer the PCBA board to the top of the turnover fixture 5, so that the center of the PCBA board is aligned with the center of the shell, ensuring that each shell can correspond to one PCBA board for shelling, which facilitates the accurate placement of the PCBA board into the shell.

[0083] Step S3: The lifting assembly 2 drives the lifting frame 3 to descend, and the fixed claw 44 and the spreading claw 45 are simultaneously inserted into the corresponding housing. The driving component 41 is activated, and the moving block 43 drives the spreading claw 45 to move away from the fixed claw 44. The moving distance can be 0.5mm. The edge of the housing expands outward under the action of the spreading claw 45 until it reaches the size suitable for the PCBA board to enter the housing (the moving distance can be designed according to different housing materials and sizes) to ensure that there is no interference when entering the housing. The driving component 41 is locked, and the spreading claw 45 remains in the spread state, waiting for the PCBA board to enter the housing.

[0084] Step S4: The avoidance cylinder 75 drives the avoidance block 77 to descend along the avoidance slide rail 76, which in turn moves the gripping device 6 closer to the outer shell and down to above the outer shell; the placement cylinder 61 pushes the placement platform 62 to descend. When the bottom of the PCBA board is 3mm away from the bottom surface of the outer shell, the clamping assembly is de-pressurized, and the first clamping piece 64 and the second clamping piece 65 release the PCBA board. The PCBA board falls into the outer shell under the action of gravity; then the clamping assembly is reset, and the transfer device 7 drives the gripping device 6 to rise and move away from the turnover fixture 5, waiting for the next batch of PCBA boards to be gripped.

[0085] Step S5: The drive component 41 moves in the reverse direction, and the movable block 43 drives the spreading claw 45 to approach the fixed claw 44, releasing the spread state of the outer shell. The edge of the outer shell elastically contracts and fits against both sides of the PCBA board. At the same time, the retaining plate 474 of the retaining component 47 presses the edge of the PCBA board, and the ratchet 478 and the ratchet 479 are locked in the retaining state to prevent the retaining plate 474 from springing back, ensuring that the PCBA board is fixed in position inside the outer shell, preventing the PCBA board from moving inside the outer shell, and ensuring the quality of the housing.

[0086] Step S6: The lifting assembly 2 drives the lifting frame 3 to rise and reset, and the fixing claw 44 and the spreading claw 45 completely detach from the shell and return to the initial position; the turnover fixture 5 carries the shell containing the PCBA board and flows into the next process (such as screw fastening or inspection) through the circulation line. At the same time, a new batch of shells enters the assembly position and starts the next round of shell assembly cycle.

[0087] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-adaptive expansion device for PCBA boards before being installed in a housing, characterized in that: Including the fixed base (1); Lifting assembly (2), the lifting assembly (2) is located on one side of the fixed base (1); The lifting frame (3) is connected to the lifting assembly (2); Two shell opening components (4) are symmetrically arranged on the side of the lifting frame (3) away from the fixed seat (1); The housing expansion assembly (4) includes a drive member (41), which is located on the side of the lifting frame (3) away from the fixed base (1); A fixing block (42) is provided at the bottom of the driving member (41); Movable block (43), which is connected to the output shaft of the drive (41); Multiple fixing claws (44) are evenly spaced at one end of the fixing block (42); Multiple spreading claws (45) are evenly spaced at one end of the movable block (43) and spaced apart from the fixed claws (44), and the spreading claws (45) and the fixed claws (44) are at the same height; Multiple clearance slots (46) are provided at equal intervals at the bottom of the movable block (43), and the clearance slots (46) are provided with the fixing claws (44) through them.

2. The self-adaptive expansion device for PCBA board before casing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing expansion assembly (4) also includes a retaining assembly (47), which is located on one side close to the fixing claw (44) and the expansion claw (45), so as to achieve stable placement of the PCBA board inside the housing.

3. The self-adaptive expansion device for PCBA board before casing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The retaining assembly (47) includes a rotating groove (471), which is located on the side of the fixed claw (44) near the spreading claw (45) or on the side of the spreading claw (45) near the fixed claw (44). Two synchronous pulleys (472) are respectively rotatably disposed at the top and bottom of the rotating groove (471); A synchronous belt (473) is connected to two synchronous pulleys (472) for transmission. Multiple retaining plates (474) are evenly spaced on the surface of the synchronous belt (473).

4. The self-adaptive expansion device for PCBA board before casing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The retaining assembly (47) further includes a retaining block (475), which is located in the rotating groove (471) and between the two synchronous pulleys (472). The outer surface of the synchronous belt (473) is flush with one side surface of the fixed claw (44) or the spreading claw (45).

5. The self-adaptive expansion device for PCBA board before it is installed in the shell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The retaining component (47) further includes a limiting groove (476), which is located at one end of the rotating groove (471); A limiting shaft (477) is provided at one end, which is coaxially fitted with the synchronous pulley (472) located at the top of the rotating groove (471), and the other end of the limiting shaft (477) is rotatably disposed in the limiting groove (476). A ratchet (478) is rotatably disposed in the rotating groove (471) and coaxially connected with the limiting shaft (477); A pawl (479) is rotatably disposed in the rotating groove (471) and engages with the ratchet (478).

6. A PCBA board enclosure process, using an adaptive expansion device for PCBA board before enclosure as described in any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step S1: Place multiple housings on the turnover fixture (5), and move them to the bottom of the lifting frame (3) through the action of the circulation line, and set the housings in correspondence with the fixing claw (44) and the spreading claw (45); Step S2, the gripping device (6) grips the PCBA board that matches the number of shells and moves it above the turnover fixture (5) through the transfer device (7) so that the PCBA board and the shell correspond one by one; In step S3, the lifting assembly (2) drives the lifting frame (3) to descend, so that the fixed claw (44) and the spreading claw (45) are simultaneously inserted into the corresponding outer shell. The driving member (41) drives the spreading claw (45) to move away from the fixed claw (44) through the movable block (43) to spread the outer shell. In step S4, the transfer device (7) drives the gripping device (6) to descend, the gripping device (6) drives the PCBA board to descend and place it into the corresponding housing, and then resets. The transfer device (7) drives the gripping device (6) to reset. In step S5, the drive member (41) rotates in the opposite direction, causing the spreading claw (45) to approach the fixing claw (44), releasing the spreading state of the outer shell, and the retaining component (47) ensures that the PCBA board is fixed in the position inside the outer shell; In step S6, the lifting assembly (2) drives the lifting frame (3) to rise and reset, and the turnover fixture (5) drives the outer shell containing the PCBA board to flow into the next process through the circulation line.

7. A PCBA board packaging process according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transfer device (7) includes a transfer cylinder (71), which is located on one side of the turnover fixture (5); A transfer frame (72) is connected to the transfer cylinder (71); Two limiting seats (73) are symmetrically arranged on one side of the transfer cylinder (71); A slide rod (74) is disposed between the two limiting seats (73) and the slide rod (74) passes through the transfer frame (72). A clearance cylinder (75) is provided on the top of the transfer frame (72) near the turnover fixture (5); A clearance slide rail (76) is vertically disposed on one side of the transfer frame (72) near the turnover fixture (5); The avoidance block (77) is connected to the output shaft of the avoidance cylinder (75) and can be slidably mounted on the avoidance slide rail (76). The avoidance block (77) is provided with the gripping device (6).

8. A PCBA board packaging process according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gripping device (6) includes a placement cylinder (61), which is located at the bottom of the avoidance block (77); A placement platform (62) is connected to the output shaft of the placement cylinder (61); Two clamping components are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the placement platform (62), and the bottom of the clamping components clamps a plurality of PCBA boards.

9. A PCBA board packaging process according to claim 8, characterized in that: The clamping assembly includes a clamping plate (63), which is disposed at the bottom of the placement platform (62); Multiple first clamping pieces (64) are evenly spaced at the bottom of the clamping plate (63) and connected to an external air source; Multiple second clamping pieces (65) are evenly spaced at the bottom of the clamping plate (63) and connected to an external air source. The PCBA board is clamped between the first clamping piece (64) and the second clamping piece (65).

10. A PCBA board packaging process according to claim 8, characterized in that: The gripping device (6) also includes a limiting plate (66), which is located above the placement cylinder (61); Two limiting posts (67) are symmetrically arranged between the limiting plate (66) and the placement platform (62); Multiple linear bearings (68) are disposed on the top of the placement platform (62); Multiple guide posts (69) are provided on the top of the clamping assembly, and the top of the guide posts (69) passes through the placement platform (62) and is slidably connected to the linear bearing (68); A spring is disposed between the clamping assembly and the placement platform (62).

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