Breeding method for promoting crispness of tilapia fish meat and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a breeding method for promoting the crispness of tilapia fish meat and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture. In the juvenile stage of the tilapia, a complex package 1 is added in the basic feed; in the adult stage, a complex package 2 is added in the crisp feed formula, the complex package 1 comprises N-acetyl cysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, lysed lecithin and bile acid, and the complex package 2 comprises alpha-ketoglutaric acid and sodium acetate. The application provides a phased feeding scheme according to the physiological characteristics of the tilapia in different growth periods, and breaks through to provide a new direction for improving the quality of the crisp tilapia meat, further increases the muscle texture by improving the collagen cross-linking degree of the fish meat, achieves the effect of fast and crisp, and the application integrates two kinds of complex packages, each of which is compounded with multiple additives, can achieve a synergistic effect, and avoids the risk of side effects caused by excessive single additive.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a breeding method for promoting the crispness of tilapia fish meat and its application. BACKGROUND

[0002] Crisp tilapia is an innovative breeding method in the tilapia industry. By directly feeding with beans or adding a high proportion of bean powder in the feed, the muscle texture and taste of tilapia are effectively improved. The practice of this new method has injected new vitality into the breeding of tilapia, and has rapidly developed into a large-scale crisp tilapia industry. However, beans contain a variety of fish-intolerant anti-nutritional factors, such as bean pyrimidine, tannin and phytic acid, etc. The commercial crisp feed varieties on the market containing a high proportion of beans are monotonous, and long-term use will greatly increase the risk of tilapia suffering from enteritis and bacterial diseases, and it is difficult to meet the nutritional and health needs of tilapia at different growth stages. On the other hand, under the conditions of high-density intensive breeding, the quality of crisp tilapia is not stable, some fish are not easy to crisp, while some fish are more likely to crisp, and the differences in meat texture and taste among individuals are large, which has become a bottleneck restricting the efficient development of the tilapia industry.

[0003] Collagen is a biological macromolecule existing in the connective tissue of animals, which provides toughness and structural support to the tissue. Cross-linked collagen is a biological structure formed by cross-linking reaction of collagen molecules, which can improve the structural stability and anti-degradation of collagen. Many studies in the field of food science have shown that collagen components and their cross-linked structures are important contributing factors to the texture and taste of animal food. The muscle collagen content of crisp tilapia is higher than that of ordinary tilapia during the breeding process. It is promising to improve the texture and taste of crisp tilapia by increasing the cross-linking degree of fish muscle collagen through breeding means, but there is a lack of related research and technology. In addition, crisp tilapia needs to eat crisp feed with a high proportion of beans for a long time to achieve the effect of crispness, which often leads to growth retardation and disease outbreaks, so it is necessary to strengthen the immune health and growth performance of fish in the early stage of breeding.

[0004] N-acetylcysteine and alpha-lipoic acid are common edible antioxidants; lysophospholipids and bile acids are natural emulsifiers that can improve feed digestibility. Some of the above compounds have the effect of improving immune health and promoting growth, but the comprehensive gain effect of the compound has not been reported. Alpha-ketoglutaric acid and sodium acetate are common feed additives that can improve the energy metabolism of animals, but their compound preparations have not been reported to have the effect of crispness of fish meat. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a breeding method for promoting the crispness of tilapia fish meat and its application, which aims to solve the problems in the above background.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical purposes, the present application mainly adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application discloses a breeding method for promoting the crispness of tilapia fish meat, wherein during the juvenile stage of the tilapia fish, a complex package 1 is added to the basic feed; during the adult stage of the tilapia fish, a complex package 2 is added to the crisp feed formula, the complex package 1 comprises N-acetyl cysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine and bile acid, and the complex package 2 comprises alpha-ketoglutaric acid and sodium acetate.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the juvenile stage is 3-6 month-old GIFT tilapia juvenile fish, and the body weight is 5-15 grams; the adult stage is 10-month-old GIFT tilapia adult fish, and the body weight is more than 70 grams.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the adding amount of the complex package 1 is 0.8-1.2% of the basic feed, and the adding amount of the complex package 2 is 1.5%-2.5% of the crisp feed.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the feeding scheme of the feed containing the complex package 1 is to feed the fish with 4%-6% weight of the feed based on the body weight of the fish, and the feeding is divided into 4 times; the feeding scheme of the feed containing the complex package 2 is to feed the fish with 2%-4% weight of the feed based on the body weight of the fish, and the feeding is divided into 2 times.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the complex package 1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: N-acetyl cysteine 5-15 parts, alpha-lipoic acid 5-10 parts, lysophosphatidylcholine 15-25 parts, bile acid 15-25 parts, and the rest is flour, and the total amount of the above components is 100 parts.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the complex package 2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: alpha-ketoglutaric acid 20-30 parts, sodium acetate 10-20 parts, and the rest is flour, and the total amount of the above components is 100 parts.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the complex package 1 improves the growth performance of the tilapia fish, improves the intestinal health of the tilapia fish, and improves the disease resistance of the tilapia fish.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the complex package 2 increases the content of pyridinoline, which is an indicator product of collagen cross-linking in the muscle of the tilapia fish.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the complex package 2 increases the expression level of the key gene lox or plod1 of collagen in the muscle of the tilapia fish.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present application further discloses an application of the breeding method according to the first aspect in improving the rapid crisp effect of collagen cross-linking in the muscle of the tilapia fish.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The present application provides a phased feeding scheme according to the physiological characteristics of different growth periods of tilapia, and breaks through to provide a new direction for improving the crispness of tilapia meat, further increases the muscle texture by increasing the cross-linking degree of collagen in fish meat, and achieves the effect of fast and crisp.

[0019] (2) The present application integrates two kinds of composite packages, and each composite package is compounded with multiple additives, which can achieve synergistic effect and avoid the risk of side effects caused by excessive single additive. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Comparison chart of the effect of feeding composite package 1 on the terminal body weight and weight gain rate of tilapia;

[0021] Figure 2 Comparison chart of the effect of feeding composite package 1 on the intestinal morphology of tilapia;

[0022] Figure 3 Comparison chart of the effect of feeding composite package 1 on the anti-streptococcus agalactiae attack of tilapia;

[0023] Figure 4 Comparison chart of the effect of feeding composite package 2 on the terminal body weight and weight gain rate of tilapia;

[0024] Figure 5 Comparison chart of the effect of feeding composite package 2 on the muscle texture of tilapia;

[0025] Figure 6 Comparison chart of the effect of feeding composite package 2 on the total amount of muscle collagen and pyridine content of tilapia;

[0026] Figure 7 Comparison chart of the effect of feeding composite package 2 on the expression level of collagen cross-linking key genes in the muscle of tilapia. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the following examples are used to further explain the present application, but not to limit the present application. In the following examples, the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0028] The application provides a breeding method for promoting the crispness of tilapia fish meat, which is mainly divided into two stages for feeding. In the first stage, N-acetyl cysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine and bile acid are used as main raw materials to prepare a compound package 1, which is added to the puffed feed of tilapia fish, and is fed in small amounts and multiple times per day, so as to strengthen the immune health and growth performance of fish in the early stage of crispness. In the second stage, alpha-ketoglutaric acid and sodium acetate are used as main raw materials to prepare a compound package 2, which is added to the crispness feed of tilapia fish, so as to improve the collagen cross-linking degree of fish meat in the process of crispness, and achieve the effect of rapid crispness.

[0029] In the application, the effect of rapid crispness refers to the improvement of the texture parameter mainly based on muscle hardness under the breeding method.

[0030] The following will be described by specific examples.

[0031] Experiment example 1 investigates the influence of feeding breeding with feed containing compound package 1 on tilapia juvenile fish in the early stage of crispness

[0032] Preparation of compound package 1: according to the weight fraction, N-acetyl cysteine 10 parts and alpha-lipoic acid 5 parts are uniformly mixed; then lysophosphatidylcholine 20 parts, bile acid 20 parts and flour 45 parts are uniformly mixed; finally, the above ingredients are uniformly mixed together and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the compound package 1.

[0033] 1% of the compound package 1 (as shown in the feed 2 components in table 1) is added to the tilapia juvenile fish basic feed formula, and the control example 1 does not contain the compound package component (as shown in the feed 1 component in table 1). All feed raw materials are mixed, conditioned, granulated, dried and then sealed for storage.

[0034] Table 1: basic feed formula for tilapia juvenile fish

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] In the breeding experiment, 120 tilapia juvenile fish with an initial body weight of 10 grams are selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, which are respectively fed with feed 1 and feed 2 containing compound package 1. Each group is allocated 3 circulating water breeding tanks, and each tank contains 20 fish. The breeding period is 60 days, and the fish are fed 4 times a day, with a daily feeding amount of 5% of the body weight of the fish. The water temperature is controlled at 29-31℃, and the dissolved oxygen is greater than 4.8 mg / L.

[0038] After the breeding experiment, the body weight of the fish is weighed to calculate the weight gain rate; intestinal tissue sections are taken to check pathological damage; in addition, 21 fish are left in each group, and each is injected with 200 uL of 1×10^6 CFU / mL pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus agalactiae) for challenge experiment, and the individual survival rate is detected after 7 days. The results are as followsFigures 1-3 As shown in Table 1, the control group was fed with the basic feed for juvenile tilapia, and the experimental group was fed with the feed with 1% of the complex package 1 added to the basic feed for juvenile tilapia.

[0039] As shown in Table 1, the control group was fed with the basic feed for juvenile tilapia, and the experimental group was fed with the feed with 1% of the complex package 1 added to the basic feed for juvenile tilapia. Figure 1 It can be seen that, compared with the control group, the final body weight and the weight gain rate of the tilapia fed with the feed with 1% of the complex package 1 added to the basic feed for juvenile tilapia were significantly higher, indicating that the feeding scheme could improve the growth performance of the tilapia.

[0040] As shown in Table 1, the control group was fed with the basic feed for juvenile tilapia, and the experimental group was fed with the feed with 1% of the complex package 1 added to the basic feed for juvenile tilapia. Figure 2 It can be seen that, compared with the control group, the intestinal mucosa and villi of the tilapia fed with the feed with 1% of the complex package 1 added to the basic feed for juvenile tilapia were more complete, and the thickness of the intestinal muscle layer was wider, indicating that the feeding scheme could improve the intestinal health of the tilapia.

[0041] As shown in Table 1, the control group was fed with the basic feed for juvenile tilapia, and the experimental group was fed with the feed with 1% of the complex package 1 added to the basic feed for juvenile tilapia. Figure 3 It can be seen that, compared with the control group, the survival rate of the tilapia fed with the feed with 1% of the complex package 1 added to the basic feed for juvenile tilapia was higher after intraperitoneal injection of pathogenic bacteria for 7 days, indicating that the feeding scheme could improve the disease resistance of the tilapia.

[0042] Experiment Example 2: Investigation of the effect of feeding with the feed containing the complex package 2 on the fragile period tilapia adult fish

[0043] Preparation of the complex package 2: 20 parts of α-ketoglutaric acid, 10 parts of sodium acetate, and 70 parts of flour were uniformly mixed; then the above ingredients were uniformly mixed and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the complex package 2.

[0044] 2% of the complex package 2 (as shown in Table 2, the components of feed 2) was added to the fragile feed for the tilapia adult fish, and the control group 2 did not contain the complex package components (as shown in Table 2, the components of feed 1). All the feed raw materials were mixed, conditioned, granulated, dried, and then sealed and stored.

[0045] Table 2: Formulation of the fragile feed for the tilapia adult fish

[0046] Feed ingredients Feed 1 (%) Feed 2 (%) Compounder Pack 2 0 2 Russian white fish meal 3 3 Dehulled soybean meal 12 12 Peanut meal 12 12 Vicia faba meal 60 60 Soybean oil 5 5 Premix 1 1 Choline chloride 0.5 0.5 Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 1.5 Microcrystalline cellulose 5 3

[0047] The breeding experiment selected 48 adult tilapia with an initial body weight of 74 grams, which were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed with feed 1 and feed 2 containing the complex package 2, respectively. Each group was allocated 3 recirculating aquaculture tanks. The breeding period was 60 days, and the fish were fed twice a day with a daily feeding amount of 3% of the body weight. The water temperature was controlled at 28-32℃, and the dissolved oxygen was >4.8 mg / L.

[0048] After the breeding experiment, the fish body weight was weighed to calculate the weight gain rate; the back muscle was taken for texture analysis, physiological and biochemical analysis, and gene expression analysis. The results are shown in Figures 4-7 .

[0049] By Figure 4 It can be seen that the final weight and weight gain rate of the tilapia fed with the feed with 2% compound package 2 added in the tilapia adult fish crisp feed formula (i.e. feed 2 in table 2) are similar to those of the control, indicating that the feeding scheme does not affect the normal growth of tilapia.

[0050] Figure 5 It is shown that compared with the control, the muscle hardness, gumminess, chewiness and chewiness index of the tilapia fed with the feed with 2% compound package 2 added in the tilapia adult fish crisp feed formula (i.e. feed 2 in table 2) are significantly improved, indicating that the feeding scheme can improve the muscle crispness of tilapia.

[0051] Figure 6 It is shown that compared with the control, the muscle collagen cross-linking product pyridinoline content and total collagen content of the tilapia fed with the feed with 2% compound package 2 added in the tilapia adult fish crisp feed formula (i.e. feed 2 in table 2) are significantly improved, indicating that the feeding scheme can promote the degree of muscle collagen cross-linking.

[0052] Figure 7 It is shown that compared with the control, the expression levels of the collagen cross-linking key genes lox and plod1 of the muscle of the tilapia fed with the feed with 2% compound package 2 added in the tilapia adult fish crisp feed formula (i.e. feed 2 in table 2) are significantly improved, further indicating that the feeding scheme can promote the degree of muscle collagen cross-linking.

[0053] In summary, the feed additive and the healthy breeding method for improving the rapid crispness of tilapia muscle collagen cross-linking provided by the present application not only can guarantee the growth performance and immune health of tilapia before crispness, but also can improve the degree of muscle collagen cross-linking during the crispness process, thereby rapidly achieving crispness, which is expected to solve the bottleneck of unstable crispness efficiency in the crisp tilapia industry. The feed components and proportions in the present application are optimized through multiple experiments, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the nutrients are balanced, and the physiological needs of tilapia at different growth periods can be met, which is expected to improve the problem of single crisp feed variety in the market.

[0054] The above describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, which cannot limit the scope of the present application, and therefore equivalent improvements, modifications and replacements made according to the claims of the present application still belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A farming method for promoting the crispness of tilapia fish meat, characterized by, In the juvenile stage of the tilapia, a complex package 1 is added in the basic feed; in the adult stage, a complex package 2 is added in the crisp feed formula, which is used to improve the muscle collagen content of the tilapia; The complex package 1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: N-acetyl cysteine 5-15 parts, alpha-lipoic acid 5-10 parts, lysophosphatidylcholine 15-25 parts, bile acid 15-25 parts, and the rest is flour, and the total amount of the above components is 100 parts; The complex package 2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: alpha-ketoglutaric acid 20-30 parts, sodium acetate 10-20 parts, and the rest is flour, and the total amount of the above components is 100 parts.

2. The farming method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The juvenile stage is 3-6 month-old GIFT tilapia juveniles, and the body weight is 5-15 grams; the adult stage is 10-month-old GIFT tilapia adults, and the body weight is more than 70 grams.

3. The farming method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The addition amount of the complex package 1 is 0.8-1.2% of the basic feed, and the addition amount of the complex package 2 is 1.5%-2.5% of the crisp feed.

4. The farming method according to claim 1, characterized by, The feeding scheme of the feed containing the complex package 1 is to feed the fish with 4%-6% of the body weight of the feed per day, and the feeding scheme of the feed containing the complex package 2 is to feed the fish with 2%-4% of the body weight of the feed per day.

5. The farming method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The complex package 1 improves the growth performance of the tilapia, improves the intestinal health of the tilapia, and improves the disease resistance of the tilapia.

6. The farming method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The complex package 2 improves the content of pyridinoline, which is an indicator product of muscle collagen cross-linking of the tilapia.

7. The farming method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The complex package 2 improves the expression level of the key gene lox or plod1 of the muscle collagen of the tilapia.

8. The application of the breeding method according to any one of claims 1-7 in improving the muscle collagen cross-linking and rapid crisp effect of the tilapia.

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