Dehydrating device and dehydrating method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of mechanical dewatering equipment, and discloses a dewatering device and a dewatering method. The dewatering device comprises a rack and a filter pressing mechanism. The dewatering device is used for injecting a dewatering object into a filter pressing container, extruding the dewatering object, forming a cake-shaped dewatering object in the extrusion process, and cutting the dewatering object by a cutting spring in a compressed state. When the external force applied to the pressing piece is removed, the cutting spring expands to a natural state. In the expansion process of the cutting spring, the cutting spring can cut the cake-shaped dewatering object, thereby destroying the structure of the cake-shaped dewatering object, so that part of free water, interstitial water and surface adsorbed water enclosed in the cake-shaped dewatering object is released. In addition, a part of internal water is also released due to the destruction of the cut organic cell structure, thereby reducing the water content of the dewatering object. On the other hand, the present application also provides a dewatering method. The dewatering method is used for dewatering treatment of the dewatering object, and the water content of the dewatering object is significantly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical dehydration equipment technology, and in particular to a dehydration device and dehydration method. Background Technology

[0002] River and lake sediments are long-term deposits accumulated at the bottom of rivers, lakes, and other water bodies. They can be released into the water through the mud-water interface. If river and lake sediments are not properly and systematically treated, they will inevitably seriously harm the ecological environment and cause endogenous pollution to the water bodies. Therefore, it is necessary to clean up river and lake sediments regularly. River and lake sediments usually have a high water content, resulting in high transportation and treatment costs. Moreover, leakage is prone to occur during transportation, causing secondary pollution. Therefore, it is usually necessary to dewater the cleaned river and lake sediments.

[0003] The commonly used dewatering method in existing technologies involves using inorganic or organic flocculants at the dredging site to coagulate the river and lake sediment, followed by dewatering using a plate and frame filter press. During the dewatering process in the plate and frame filter press, the river and lake sediment, after being conditioned and filtered by the dewatering agent, releases most of the free water, interstitial water, surface adsorbed water, and a small amount of internal water.

[0004] However, during the dewatering process of a plate and frame filter press, river and lake sediments are pressed into mud cakes. Some free water, interstitial water, and surface adsorbed water are trapped in the mud cakes and cannot be discharged. In addition, the internal water contained in the organic cell structure of the river and lake sediments is also difficult to discharge, which limits the dewatering efficiency of the river and lake sediments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dewatering device and a dewatering method to solve the technical problem of low dewatering efficiency in existing river and lake sediment dewatering devices.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A dehydration device, comprising:

[0008] frame;

[0009] A filter press mechanism includes a filter press container, a filter element, a pressing element, and a draining element. The filter press container is connected to the frame and includes a filter press chamber for holding the material to be dehydrated. The filter element is disposed inside the filter press chamber, and the filter press chamber has a first opening and a second opening communicating with the outside.

[0010] The pressing member is movably connected to the first opening, the material to be dehydrated is located between the pressing member and the filter element, and a cutting spring is provided on the pressing member for cutting the material to be dehydrated;

[0011] The drain component is connected to the second opening and is used to drain the liquid from the material to be dehydrated.

[0012] Optionally, the cutting spring is a conical spring, and the conical spring is provided with multiple barbs.

[0013] Optionally, the filter press mechanism further includes a drive member connected to the pressing member, the drive member being configured to drive the pressing member closer to the filter element.

[0014] Optionally, the driving component is a pneumatic adjustment device.

[0015] Optionally, the frame is made of cast iron or stainless steel, and the filter press, the filter element, the pressing element, the draining element, and the cutting spring are all made of stainless steel.

[0016] A dehydration method, which uses the aforementioned dehydration device to dehydrate the material to be dehydrated, wherein the dehydration method includes the following steps:

[0017] S1. Coagulation treatment: After removing impurities from the material to be dehydrated, a dehydrating agent is added to the material to be dehydrated and mixed in a mixing tank.

[0018] S2. Quickly inject the coagulated material to be dehydrated into the filter press container, with the material to be dehydrated located between the filter element and the pressing element;

[0019] S3. Apply force to the pressing member to press it closer to the filter element, and release the pressing member after maintaining the pressing for a certain period of time;

[0020] S4. Repeat step S3 several times until no liquid is discharged from the drainage component;

[0021] S5. Remove the material to be dehydrated from the filter press container.

[0022] Optionally, the mixing in step S1 includes fast mixing and slow mixing, wherein the fast mixing time is 1-2 minutes and the slow mixing time is 15-20 minutes.

[0023] Optionally, the amount of material to be dehydrated injected in step S2 is less than 85% of the volume of the filter press container.

[0024] Optionally, the pressure holding time in step S4 is 1-5 minutes.

[0025] Optionally, step S3 in step S4 is repeated 3 to 8 times.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0027] This invention provides a dehydration device in which the material to be dehydrated, after external coagulation treatment, is injected into the filter chamber of a filter press container. The material is positioned between the filter element and the pressing element. By applying force to the pressing element, the water in the material is squeezed out. During the squeezing process, the volume of the material decreases, forming a cake-shaped material. The cutting spring is in a compressed state. When the external force applied to the pressing element is removed, the pressing element moves away from the filter element under the action of the cutting spring's elastic force, and the cutting spring unfolds to its natural state. During the unfolding process, the cutting spring can cut the cake-shaped material, thereby destroying its structure. This releases some of the free water, interstitial water, and surface adsorbed water trapped inside the cake-shaped material. In addition, the organic cell structure destroyed by the cutting also releases some internal water, thus reducing the moisture content of the material. The cutting spring's action of cutting the cake-shaped material also solves the problem of the material being difficult to remove from the filter press container after compaction. On the other hand, the present invention also provides a dehydration method. Compared with traditional dehydration methods, the dehydration device and dehydration method provided by the present invention are used to dehydrate the material, and the water content of the material is significantly reduced. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the dehydration device described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting spring in its natural state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting spring under compressed state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram of part A in the middle;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the dehydration method described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] In the picture:

[0034] 1. Frame; 2. Filter press mechanism; 21. Filter press container; 211. Filter press chamber; 212. First opening; 213. Second opening; 22. Filter element; 23. Pressing element; 231. Cutting spring; 2311. Barbed wire; 24. Drainage element; 25. Drive element. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar components or components having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0036] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or a detachable connection; a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a dehydration device, including a frame 1 and a filter press mechanism 2. The filter press mechanism 2 includes a filter press container 21, a filter element 22, a pressing element 23, and a drain element 24. The filter press container 21 is fixedly connected to the frame 1 and includes a filter press chamber 211 for containing the material to be dehydrated. The filter element 22 is disposed within the filter press chamber 211, which has a first opening 212 and a second opening 213 communicating with the outside. The pressing element 23 is movably connected within the first opening 212, and the material to be dehydrated is located between the pressing element 23 and the filter element 22. A cutting spring 231 is provided on the pressing element 23 for cutting the material to be dehydrated. The drain element 24 is detachably connected to the second opening 213 and is used to drain the liquid from the material to be dehydrated.

[0040] In this embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, the frame 1 includes a support rod, a base, a filter press support plate, and a filter press top plate. The support rod is vertically arranged, the base is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the support rod, the filter press support plate is horizontally arranged in the middle of the support, and the filter press top plate is horizontally arranged at the top of the support rod. The filter press container 21 is fixedly connected to the filter press support plate. The pressure abutment 23 and the first opening 212 can be slidably connected or rolled, without much limitation here. One end of the cutting spring 231 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressure abutment 23, and the other end can abut against the filter element 22. The filter element 22 is a filter perforated plate, which is horizontally arranged in the filter press chamber 211. The drainage component 24 includes a drainage valve and a drainage pipe. The drainage valve is detachably connected to the second opening 213, and the drainage pipe is connected to the drainage valve. Exemplarily, the drainage component 24 and the second opening 213 can be screwed together or connected by a flange. The material to be dewatered can be river or lake sediment, municipal and industrial sludge, industrial waste, organic waste, etc.

[0041] Specifically, the material to be dehydrated, after external coagulation treatment, is injected into the filter chamber 211 of the filter press container 21, positioned between the filter element 22 and the pressing element 23. Force is applied to the pressing element 23 to squeeze the material, thereby expelling water. Simultaneously, the volume of the material decreases during squeezing, forming a cake-shaped material. The cutting spring 231 is compressed. When the external force applied to the pressing element 23 is removed, the pressing element 23 moves away from the filter element 22 under the elastic force of the cutting spring 231, and the cutting spring 231 unfolds to its natural state. During the unfolding process, the cutting spring 231 cuts the cake-shaped material, thereby disrupting its structure. This releases some of the free water, interstitial water, and surface adsorbed water trapped inside the cake-shaped material. Furthermore, the disrupted organic cell structure also releases some internal water, further reducing the water content of the material. The cutting spring 231 cuts the cake-shaped material to be dehydrated, and also solves the problem that the material to be dehydrated is not easy to remove from the filter press container 21 after being compacted.

[0042] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the filter press mechanism 2 also includes a drive component 25, which is connected to the pressing component 23. The drive component 25 is configured to drive the pressing component 23 close to the filter element 22. By setting the drive component 25 to drive the pressing component 23 to squeeze the material to be dewatered, the automation level of the dewatering device is improved, and the labor intensity of the operators is reduced.

[0043] Specifically, the drive component 25 is a pneumatic adjustment device, including an air source, a pressure regulating valve, a directional control valve, a pressure sensor, and a cylinder. The air source provides compressed air to the pneumatic adjustment device, the pressure regulating valve controls the air pressure, the directional control valve controls the airflow direction (e.g., pressurization or depressurization), the pressure sensor monitors the air pressure, and the cylinder is the actuator of the pneumatic adjustment device, used to drive the pressure abutment 23 closer to the filter element 22. The pneumatic adjustment device can control the squeezing force of the pressure abutment 23 on the material to be dehydrated by adjusting the air pressure. Different squeezing forces are applied to different materials to achieve effective dehydration. In this embodiment, the air pressure adjustment range is 0.2 MPa to 0.6 MPa. Alternatively, the drive component 25 can also be a hydraulic cylinder or an electric actuator, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0044] Optionally, such as Figures 2-4 As shown, the cutting spring 231 is a conical spring. The larger diameter end of the conical spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pressing member 23, while the smaller diameter end abuts against the filter member 22. Multiple barbs 2311 are provided on the conical spring. The structure of the conical spring allows the cutting action of the cutting spring 231 to cover a larger area, improving the cutting effect on the cake-shaped material to be dehydrated. The multiple barbs 2311 are spirally distributed along the conical spring. During the transition from a compressed state to a free state, all the barbs 2311 can penetrate the cake-shaped material to be dehydrated, disrupting its dense structure. Furthermore, the barbs 2311 can cause multi-directional tearing of the cake-shaped material, increasing its porosity and facilitating water drainage, further reducing the moisture content of the material to be dehydrated.

[0045] For example, the frame 1 is made of cast iron or stainless steel, and the filter press container 21, filter element 22, pressing element 23, drainage element 24, and cutting spring 231 are all made of stainless steel. The cast iron or stainless steel frame has high strength and durability, capable of withstanding high-pressure loads during the dewatering process, such as dynamic and static pressures during compression, preventing deformation of the frame 1. Furthermore, the stainless steel frame 1 has excellent corrosion resistance, enabling it to cope with humid and acidic / alkaline working environments. The stainless steel construction of the filter press container 21, filter element 22, pressing element 23, drainage element 24, and cutting spring 231 gives these components high yield strength, resistance to repeated compression, and resistance to fatigue cracking after prolonged use, extending the service life of the dewatering device. Moreover, the excellent corrosion resistance of the stainless steel filter press container 21, filter element 22, pressing element 23, drainage element 24, and cutting spring 231 enables them to cope with humid and acidic / alkaline working environments.

[0046] On the other hand, such as Figure 5As shown, the present invention also provides a dehydration method, which uses the above-mentioned dehydration device to dehydrate the material to be dehydrated, including the following steps:

[0047] S1. Coagulation treatment: After removing impurities from the material to be dehydrated, add a dehydrating agent to the material and mix it in a mixing tank. The specific procedure is as follows: After removing impurities from the material to be dehydrated, put the material to be dehydrated into an external mixing tank, add inorganic or organic flocculant to the material to be dehydrated, and stir the material to be dehydrated to cause a coagulation reaction.

[0048] S2. Quickly inject the coagulated material to be dehydrated into the filter press container 21, with the material to be dehydrated located between the filter element 22 and the pressure element 23. Specifically, the pressure element 23 is removed from the first opening 212, and the material to be dehydrated after coagulation reaction is injected into the filter press container 21 through a tool. The specific position of the material to be dehydrated is between the filter element 22 and the pressure element 23. Then, the pressure element 23 is put back into the first opening 212.

[0049] S3. Apply force to the pressing member 23, causing it to press towards the filter element 22, and release it after maintaining the pressure for a certain period of time. Specifically, the operator applies external force to the pressing member 23, causing it to press towards the filter element 22, squeezing the material to be dehydrated, causing the water in the material to be drained and flow out of the filter press container 21 through the filter element 22 and the drain element 24. After maintaining the pressure for a certain period of time, release the pressing member 23. Under the action of the cutting spring 231, the pressing member 23 moves away from the filter element 22, and the cutting spring 231 unfolds to its natural state. During the unfolding process of the cutting spring 231, it can cut the cake-shaped material to be dehydrated, thereby destroying its structure. This releases some of the free water, interstitial water, and surface adsorbed water trapped inside the material. Furthermore, the destroyed organic cell structure also releases some internal water, thus reducing the moisture content of the material to be dehydrated.

[0050] S4. Repeat step S3 several times until no liquid is discharged from the drain component 24. Specifically, repeat step S3 until no liquid is observed to be discharged from the drain component 24, indicating that the dehydration process of the dehydrated item is complete.

[0051] S5. Remove the material to be dehydrated from the filter press container 21. Specifically, use a tool to remove the cut cake-shaped material to be dehydrated from the filter press container 21 so that the next batch of material to be dehydrated can be dehydrated.

[0052] The above dehydration method is used to dehydrate the material, resulting in a significant reduction in the moisture content of the final material compared to that treated by traditional dehydration methods.

[0053] Specifically, the mixing and stirring in step S1 includes fast stirring and slow stirring. The fast stirring time is 1-2 minutes and the slow stirring time is 15-20 minutes. The above stirring operation can make the coagulation reaction of the material to be dehydrated more complete, thereby reducing the moisture content of the material to be dehydrated that is quickly injected into the filter press container 21 in step S2.

[0054] Furthermore, in step S2, the amount of material to be dehydrated injected is less than 85% of the volume of the filter press 21. At least 15% buffer space is reserved to prevent liquid overflow due to pressure fluctuations in the material to be dehydrated during the dehydration process.

[0055] For example, the pressing and holding time in step S4 is 1-5 minutes. A pressing and holding time of 1-5 minutes can effectively squeeze out the moisture from the material to be dehydrated.

[0056] Optionally, step S3 in step S4 is repeated 3-8 times. Repeating step S3 3-8 times ensures sufficient drainage of the material to be dehydrated, minimizing its moisture content. The specific number of repetitions can be selected based on the liquid discharge from the drain device 24.

[0057] For example, this embodiment uses river and lake bottom sediment as the material to be dewatered, and the driving component 25 is a pneumatic adjustment device. The above-mentioned dewatering device and dewatering method are used to dewater the river and lake bottom sediment. Under different rapid stirring time, slow stirring time, pressure holding time, air pressure, and number of repetitions of step S3, the final water content of the river and lake bottom sediment is shown in Table 1:

[0058] Table 1

[0059]

[0060] Table 1 shows that, by using the dewatering device and method provided by this invention to dewater river and lake sediments, the final moisture content of the sediments is between 31.8% and 34.7%, while traditional dewatering methods can only reduce the moisture content of river and lake sediments to 70%-80%. Compared with traditional dewatering methods, the moisture content of the sediments to be dewatered is significantly reduced by using the dewatering device and method provided by this invention.

[0061] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dehydration device, characterized in that, include: Rack (1); The filter press mechanism (2) includes a filter press container (21), a filter element (22), a pressing element (23), and a drain element (24). The filter press container (21) is connected to the frame (1). The filter press container (21) includes a filter press chamber (211) for holding the material to be dehydrated. The filter element (22) is disposed in the filter press chamber (211). The filter press chamber (211) has a first opening (212) and a second opening (213) communicating with the outside. The pressing member (23) is movably connected to the first opening (212), the material to be dehydrated is located between the pressing member (23) and the filter element (22), and a cutting spring (231) is provided on the pressing member (23), the cutting spring (231) is used to cut the material to be dehydrated; The drain component (24) is connected to the second opening (213) and is used to drain the liquid from the material to be dehydrated.

2. The dehydration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting spring (231) is a conical spring, and the conical spring is provided with a plurality of barbs (2311).

3. The dehydration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter press mechanism (2) further includes a drive member (25) connected to the pressing member (23) and configured to drive the pressing member (23) close to the filter element (22).

4. The dehydration device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drive component (25) is a pneumatic adjustment device.

5. The dehydration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame (1) is made of cast iron or stainless steel, and the filter press container (21), the filter element (22), the pressing element (23), the drain element (24) and the cutting spring (231) are all made of stainless steel.

6. A dehydration method, comprising dehydrating the material to be dehydrated using the dehydration apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The dehydration method includes the following steps: S1. Coagulation treatment: After removing impurities from the material to be dehydrated, a dehydrating agent is added to the material to be dehydrated and mixed in a mixing tank. S2. The material to be dehydrated after coagulation treatment is quickly injected into the filter press container (21), and the material to be dehydrated is located between the filter element (22) and the pressing element (23); S3. Apply force to the pressing member (23) to press the pressing member (23) towards the filter member (22), and release the pressing member (23) after maintaining the pressing for a certain period of time; S4. Repeat step S3 several times until no liquid is discharged from the drainage component (24); S5. Remove the material to be dehydrated from the filter press container (21).

7. The dehydration method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mixing in step S1 includes fast mixing and slow mixing. The fast mixing time is 1-2 minutes and the slow mixing time is 15-20 minutes.

8. The dehydration method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, the amount of material to be dehydrated injected is less than 85% of the volume of the filter press (21).

9. The dehydration method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pressure holding time in step S4 is 1-5 minutes.

10. The dehydration method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S3 in step S4 is repeated 3-8 times.

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