Small electric ice and snow removing vehicle for urban block roadways

Abstract

The invention discloses a small-sized electric ice and snow removing vehicle for urban block roadways, which comprises a vehicle body and a concave cutter head ice and snow removing part, and the concave cutter head ice and snow removing part comprises two mounting plates which are arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body at intervals in a synchronous lifting manner; one ends of the cutter head supports are arranged at the bottoms of the two mounting plates at equal intervals, and the cutter head supports and the mounting plates are arranged at intervals; the plurality of cutterhead springs are respectively arranged between the plurality of cutterhead brackets and the mounting plate in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the concave cutter heads are rotationally arranged at the other ends of the cutter head supports in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the concave cutter heads can deflect relative to the axis of the vehicle; wherein the concave cutter heads on the two mounting plates are symmetrically arranged, and the plurality of concave cutter heads can deflect unilaterally relative to the axis of the vehicle by an angle of 11-15 degrees. The ice and snow removing device has the characteristics of high integration, adaptability to different ice and snow pavement conditions and improvement of ice and snow removing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of winter urban road snow and ice removal technology, and more specifically, to a small electric snow and ice removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys. Background Technology

[0002] After years of exploration and research, my country has made great progress in road snow and ice removal technology and equipment. However, overall, the research and development and production of road snow removal equipment are still in their initial stages, and the technical level of snow removal equipment is relatively backward, with certain shortcomings. These are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0003] 1) The machines are bulky and crude, with low operating speed and technical level. Most existing road ice and snow removal equipment has the disadvantages of complex structure, high cost, high energy consumption and high maintenance difficulty. They also rely on power drive systems, such as rotating blades or rollers driven by internal combustion engines or electric motors. Although these systems are powerful, once equipment problems occur, the entire mechanism will often stop operating. Therefore, there is still room for improvement in structural design, manufacturing, equipment use management and maintenance, and performance.

[0004] 2) Limited models and incomplete types: Traditional snow and ice removal mechanisms have a relatively simple structure, making it difficult to cope with diverse icy and snowy road conditions. This results in low snow removal efficiency on some complex terrains. Moreover, many types of road snow removal equipment are still unavailable in my country, especially ice-breaking and snow removal equipment suitable for compacted ice and snow.

[0005] 3) The obstacle avoidance function is not ideal. Most of the existing snow removal equipment in my country has poor obstacle avoidance capabilities or no obstacle avoidance function at all, which often leads to damage to the working tools or the towing host during snow removal operations.

[0006] 4) Poor road surface protection: When operating on uneven roads, snow removal equipment often damages the road surface, especially on uneven, potholed or sloping roads. Traditional equipment has limited adaptability, which often leads to unsatisfactory snow removal effect. In addition, traditional snow removal equipment, such as rotary cutting snow removal equipment, often has poor height adjustment of the rotating blades during operation, which may cause them to hit the road surface or hard stones, resulting in the blades scraping or damaging the road surface.

[0007] In response to the above problems, the market urgently needs a snow and ice removal device that is simple in structure, highly efficient in removing snow and ice, and can effectively protect the road surface. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to design and develop a small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys, which is highly integrated and improves the snow removal efficiency and cleanliness of icy and snowy roads.

[0009] The technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0010] A small electric snow removal vehicle for urban street blocks and alleyways includes:

[0011] Vehicle body; and

[0012] Two mounting plates, spaced apart and synchronously raised and lowered, are installed at the bottom of the vehicle body;

[0013] Multiple cutter head supports are provided at equal intervals at one end at the bottom of the two mounting plates, and the multiple cutter head supports and the mounting plates are spaced apart.

[0014] Multiple cutter head springs are respectively and correspondingly arranged between multiple cutter head supports and mounting plates;

[0015] Multiple concave cutter discs are rotatably mounted on the other end of the multiple cutter disc brackets, and the multiple concave cutter discs can deflect relative to the vehicle axis.

[0016] The concave cutter discs on the two mounting plates are symmetrically arranged, and the angle at which the multiple concave cutter discs can deflect relative to one side of the vehicle axis is 11° to 15°.

[0017] Preferably, the vehicle body includes:

[0018] The frame; and

[0019] The driver's cab is located at the upper front end of the frame;

[0020] A volumetric storage tank is located at the upper rear end of the frame.

[0021] Preferably, it also includes:

[0022] A tracked front drive axle is located at the lower front end of the frame and is used to drive the vehicle.

[0023] A tire-type rear steering axle is located at the lower rear end of the vehicle body and is used to steer the vehicle.

[0024] A central suspension hydraulic device is located on one side of the vehicle frame, and the central suspension hydraulic device can be connected to two mounting plates to drive the two mounting plates to rise and fall.

[0025] A rear-mounted lifting scraper device is installed at the rear of the volume box, which can be lifted and lowered.

[0026] Preferably, the tracked front drive axle includes:

[0027] Drive motor; and

[0028] The front axle is located at the bottom front end of the frame and is connected to the output end of the drive motor.

[0029] Two triangular track wheels are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the front axle, and the two triangular track wheels are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower front end of the frame.

[0030] Two front shock absorber beams are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the front axle and between the vehicle frame;

[0031] Two shock absorber bars are symmetrically positioned at both ends of the front axle and between the frame.

[0032] Preferably, each of the two triangular track wheels includes:

[0033] The base is set parallel to the ground;

[0034] At least two support rollers are rotatably arranged under the base;

[0035] Two guide wheels are symmetrically and rotatably arranged at both ends of the base;

[0036] A support frame is mounted on the base;

[0037] The drive main wheel is rotatably mounted on the support frame and is connected to the tracked front drive axle.

[0038] Tracks, which extend outward from the drive sprocket, two guide wheels and at least two support wheels.

[0039] Preferably, the tire-type rear steering axle includes:

[0040] The rear axle rotates synchronously with the front axle, and the rear axle is located at the bottom rear end of the frame;

[0041] Two circular tires are positioned at both ends of the rear axle;

[0042] A lateral steering tie rod, positioned between the two circular tires, is used to steer the vehicle.

[0043] A power steering unit, which is connected to the lateral steering tie rod;

[0044] Two rear shock absorber beams are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the rear axle and between the vehicle frame.

[0045] Preferably, the intermediate suspension hydraulic device includes:

[0046] A hydraulic oil tank is located on one side of the vehicle frame;

[0047] An oil suction filter, the oil inlet of which is connected to the hydraulic oil tank;

[0048] A hydraulic pump, the suction port of which is connected to the outlet port of the suction filter;

[0049] An electric motor, connected to the hydraulic pump, is used to provide power;

[0050] A check valve, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump;

[0051] The three-position four-way solenoid directional valve includes an inlet port P, a return port T, a working port A, and a working port B. The inlet port P is connected to the outlet port of a check valve, and the return port T is connected to the hydraulic oil tank.

[0052] The first double-acting hydraulic cylinder has its rodless chamber connected to the working port A.

[0053] The second double-acting hydraulic cylinder has its rod chamber connected to the working port B, and its rodless chamber connected to the rod chamber of the first double-acting hydraulic cylinder.

[0054] A hydraulically controlled check valve, one end of which is simultaneously connected to the rodless chamber of the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder and the rod chamber of the first double-acting hydraulic cylinder;

[0055] The first two-position three-way solenoid directional valve has its oil inlet connected to the other end of the hydraulic control check valve, its working port A connected to the working port A of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, and its working port B connected to the hydraulic oil tank.

[0056] The second two-position three-way solenoid directional valve has its oil inlet connected to the other end of the hydraulic control check valve, and its working port A is connected to the working port B of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve. The working port B is connected to the hydraulic oil tank.

[0057] The first double-acting hydraulic cylinder and the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder are respectively vertically arranged on both sides of the vehicle frame, and the hydraulic rods of the first double-acting hydraulic cylinder and the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected to the two mounting plates.

[0058] Preferably, it also includes:

[0059] Two sleeves are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame;

[0060] The two mounting plates are arranged vertically and at intervals between the two sleeve rods.

[0061] Preferably, each of the plurality of cutter head supports includes:

[0062] The base plate is spaced apart at the bottom of the two mounting plates;

[0063] The base has one end located at the bottom of the base plate and the other end passing through the base plate;

[0064] Two support frames, one end of which is inclined and parallel to one end of the base;

[0065] An adjusting screw, located between the base and the bottom plate, is used to adjust the angle of the concave cutter head relative to the bottom plate;

[0066] The cutter head spring is disposed between the base plate and the mounting plate, and one end of the cutter head spring is sleeved on the other end of the base. The concave cutter head is rotatably disposed between the other ends of the two support frames.

[0067] Preferably, the rear-mounted lifting scraper device includes:

[0068] A lifting motor is fixed at the rear of the volume box, and the output end of the lifting motor is set perpendicular to the ground;

[0069] A lead screw is rotatably mounted at the rear of the volume box, with one end of the lead screw connected to the output end of the lifting motor and the other end suspended at the bottom of the vehicle.

[0070] A slider, which is fitted onto the lead screw, is used to convert the rotational motion of the lead screw into linear reciprocating motion;

[0071] The snow scraper has one end connected to the slider and the other end has a serrated structure.

[0072] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0073] (1) The present invention designs and develops a small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys. The concave disc snow knife is mounted on an independent leaf spring at a certain angle to the forward direction of the machine. The snow knife can simultaneously perform five functions on ice and snow: cutting, crushing, lifting, scraping and pushing. This realizes the multi-functionality of the snow removal vehicle, overcomes the weakness of the single function of the working parts of the previous snow removal equipment, ensures that the machine operation is energy-saving and efficient, meets the technical requirements of road snow removal, and the concave snow knife rotates to operate. Compared with the shovel-type snow removal blade, it can extend the service life. It is flexible to operate, practical and reliable, fast in cleaning and has a high cleaning rate.

[0074] (2) The present invention designs and develops a small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys. Each blade is independently installed on a spring bracket and a preload is set. When an obstacle is encountered, the blades spring up, protecting both the road surface and the blades. The existing single contouring mechanism is optimized. The independent follow-up contouring mechanism is combined to protect the road surface in real time. During operation, the stress of the snow removal blade is adjusted according to the thickness and hardness of the ice and snow. The cleaning rate is improved while protecting the road surface. Compared with the obstacle avoidance mechanism of the existing snow removal equipment, the mechanism is greatly simplified, and the cost and failure rate will be greatly reduced. It is a snow removal machine with contouring obstacle avoidance function and adjustable snow removal disc cutting force.

[0075] (3) The present invention designs and develops a small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys. The working component, the snow removal device, is installed in the middle of the vehicle body by hydraulic suspension. Compared with the traditional front-end shovel snow removal equipment, the overall size is reduced, which improves flexibility and space utilization. It can adapt to relatively narrow icy and snowy roads. It is a small, self-propelled snow removal machine suitable for urban community alleys. While pursuing snow removal efficiency, it emphasizes product integration. While reducing labor intensity, it can achieve comfort and safety in equipment operation.

[0076] (4) The present invention designs and develops a small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys. The rear is designed with a lifting snow removal scraper. The whole vehicle adopts the method of front cutting and rear scraping. The beneficial effect of this design is that the road surface is clean and tidy after the snow removal vehicle works, and the labor intensity and snow removal cost of snow removal workers are reduced.

[0077] (5) The present invention designs and develops a small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys. It uses triangular track wheels as drive wheels and is driven by an electric motor. Compared with the transmission engine, it is relatively simple and has low maintenance costs. The track wheels have strong deformation adaptability and high friction, which brings sufficient stability and driving force to the snow removal vehicle. Attached Figure Description

[0078] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys described in this invention.

[0079] Figure 2 This is a side view of the small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys described in this invention.

[0080] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tracked front drive axle described in this invention.

[0081] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the triangular track wheel described in this invention.

[0082] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tire-type rear steering axle described in this invention.

[0083] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic principle of the intermediate suspension hydraulic device described in this invention.

[0084] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the concave blade disk ice and snow removal component of the present invention.

[0085] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the concave blade disk snow removal component of the present invention.

[0086] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the independent spring-driven contour cutting tool mechanism described in this invention.

[0087] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the kinematic analysis of a single concave cutterhead according to the present invention.

[0088] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the force analysis of a single concave cutterhead according to the present invention.

[0089] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the rear-mounted lifting scraper device described in this invention.

[0090] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the rear-mounted lifting scraper device of the present invention.

[0091] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the obstacle-crossing effect of the ADAMS snow and ice removal component described in this invention.

[0092] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical displacement curve of the centroid of the ADAMS concave cutter head described in this invention.

[0093] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the travel resistance of the 5000N loading force cutter head described in this invention.

[0094] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the strain capacity of the 5000N loading force spring described in this invention.

[0095] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the ABAQUS cutterhead cutting ice and snow simulation model described in this invention.

[0096] Figure 19 This is a stress cloud diagram of the ABAQUS cutter head cutting ice and snow according to the present invention.

[0097] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram showing the variation curves of the ice-breaking intensity and cutting normal pressure of the concave cutterhead at different operating speeds according to the present invention.

[0098] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram showing the changes in removal rate and road damage rate under different operating speeds as described in this invention.

[0099] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram showing the variation curves of the ice-breaking intensity and cutting normal pressure of the concave cutter head under different travel angles as described in this invention.

[0100] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram showing the variation curves of cleaning rate and road damage rate under different travel angles of the concave cutterhead described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0101] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0102] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a small electric snow removal vehicle for urban street lanes, comprising:

[0103] The vehicle body, tracked front drive axle 110, tire-type rear steering axle 120, intermediate suspension hydraulic device 130, concave cutter head ice and snow removal component 140, and rear-mounted lifting scraper device 150.

[0104] The vehicle body includes a frame 100, a cab 101, and a storage tank 102. The cab 101 and the storage tank 102 are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the upper part of the frame 100. The cab 101 is equipped with a driver's seat, a power controller, and a hydraulic controller (not shown in the figure). The power controller provides power to the entire vehicle. The hydraulic controller is connected to the intermediate suspension hydraulic device 130 and is used to process signals and control hydraulic lifting.

[0105] like Figure 3 As shown, the tracked front drive axle 110 includes a drive motor 111, a front axle 112, two triangular track wheels 113, two front shock absorber beams 114, two shock absorber rods 115, and a first lifting lug 116. The output end of the drive motor 111 is connected to the middle of the front axle 112. The two ends of the front axle 112 are respectively connected to the two triangular track wheels 113 to drive the two triangular track wheels 113 to rotate. The two triangular track wheels 113 are respectively arranged on both sides of the front end of the lower part of the frame 100. The two front shock absorber beams 114 are symmetrically arranged on the lower part of the frame 100 through U-shaped rod connectors 117, and are detachably fixed at the other end near the front axle 112. The first lifting lug 116 is connected to the top of both ends of the two front shock absorber beams 114, and is fixedly connected to the frame 100 through connectors. The two shock absorber rods 115 are symmetrically arranged between the frame 100 and the front axle 112.

[0106] like Figure 4As shown, the triangular track wheel 113 includes a base 201, support rollers 202, guide rollers 203, a support frame 204, a drive main wheel 205, and a track 206. The base 201 is set parallel to the ground. At least two support rollers 202 are rotatably arranged at intervals under the base 201. Two guide rollers 203 are symmetrically rotatably arranged at both ends of the base 201. The support frame 204 is set on the base 201. The drive main wheel 205 is mounted on the support frame 204 and is connected to both ends of the front axle 112. The drive main wheel 205 and the guide rollers 203... The guide wheel 203 is triangularly arranged inside the track 206 and meshes with the track 206. The support wheel 202, located between the two guide wheels 203, also meshes with the track 206. The drive pin on the edge of the drive wheel 205 meshes with the sawtooth on the inner side of the track 206 and performs chain transmission, driving the track 206 to lay forward. The track 206 drives the guide wheels 203 and the support wheel 202 to move forward. The grounding part exerts a backward force on the icy and snowy road surface, and the icy and snowy road surface exerts a forward force on the track 206, which is the driving force of the snowplow. When the driving force of the snowplow is greater than the walking resistance, the track 206 rolls forward, that is, the snowplow moves forward.

[0107] like Figure 5 As shown, the tire-type rear steering axle 120 includes a rear axle 121, round tires 122, a steering booster 123, a lateral steering tie rod 124, two rear shock absorber beams 125, and a second hanger 126. The middle part of the rear axle 121 is connected to the front axle 112 via a drive shaft. The two ends of the rear axle 121 are fixedly connected to two round wheels 122. The two round wheels 122 are respectively located on both sides of the rear end of the lower part of the frame 100. The steering booster 123 is installed on the lateral steering tie rod 124, which is connected to the wheel hubs at both ends of the rear axle 121. The two rear shock absorber beams 125 are symmetrically installed between the two ends of the rear axle 121 and the frame 100. The second hanger 126 is connected to the top of both ends of the two rear shock absorber beams 125 and is fixedly connected to the frame 100 via a connector.

[0108] like Figure 6As shown, the intermediate suspension hydraulic device 130 includes a hydraulic oil tank 131, a suction filter 132, a hydraulic pump 133, a motor 134, a check valve 135, a three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 136, two two-position three-way solenoid directional valves (a first two-position three-way solenoid directional valve 137a and a second two-position three-way solenoid directional valve 137b), a hydraulically controlled check valve 138, two double-acting hydraulic cylinders (a first double-acting hydraulic cylinder 139a and a second double-acting hydraulic cylinder 139b), a relief valve 231, and a pressure gauge 232. The three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 136 has an inlet port P, a return port T, a working port A, and a working port B. Each of the two two-position three-way solenoid directional valves includes an inlet port P, a working port A, and a working port B. Working port A of the two two-position three-way solenoid valves is the inlet port, and working port B is the outlet port. The hydraulic oil tank 131 is installed on one side of the frame 100. The inlet port of the suction filter 132 is connected to the hydraulic oil tank 131, and its outlet port is connected to the suction port of the hydraulic pump 133. The hydraulic pump 133 is powered by an electric motor 134. The inlet port of the check valve 135 is connected to the outlet port of the hydraulic pump 133, and its outlet port is connected to the inlet port P of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 136. The return port T of cylinder 6 is connected to the hydraulic oil tank 131. Working port A is connected to the rodless chamber of the first double-acting hydraulic cylinder 139a. Working port B is connected to the rod chamber of the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder 139b. The rod chamber of the first double-acting hydraulic cylinder 139a and the rodless chamber of the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder 139b are connected and simultaneously connected to one end of the hydraulic control check valve 138. The other end of the hydraulic control check valve 138 is simultaneously connected to the inlet port P of two two-position three-way solenoid directional valves. The working ports B of both two-position three-way solenoid directional valves are connected to the hydraulic oil tank 131. The working port A of the first two-position three-way solenoid directional valve 137a is connected to the three-position... The working port A of the four-way solenoid directional valve 136 is connected, and the working port A of the second two-position three-way solenoid directional valve 137b is connected to the working port B of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 136. Two double-acting hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame 100 through a fixing bracket. The overflow valve 231 and pressure gauge 232 are installed in parallel between the hydraulic pump 133 and the one-way valve 135 circuit. All the devices in the intermediate suspension hydraulic device 130 are connected to each other through hydraulic oil pipes. The two double-acting hydraulic cylinders are connected to the concave cutter disc snow removal component 140 and are used to drive the concave cutter disc snow removal component 140 to rise and fall.

[0109] The hydraulic rod extension working circuit of the two double-acting hydraulic cylinders of the intermediate suspension hydraulic device 130 is as follows: YA2 of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 136 is energized, causing the working port A of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 136 to open; YA4 of the first two-position three-way solenoid directional valve 137a is energized and opened, causing the working port A of the first two-position three-way solenoid directional valve 137a to open; the second two-position three-way solenoid directional valve 137b is de-energized and closed, so that the oil does not flow, and the hydraulic oil flows into the first Due to the size of the piston rod, the oil volume in the rod chamber of the first double-acting hydraulic cylinder 139a is lower than that in the rodless chamber of the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder 139b. Therefore, hydraulic oil is continuously replenished through the working port A of the first two-position three-way solenoid directional valve 137a and the hydraulic control check valve 138 to maintain the synchronization of the two double-acting hydraulic cylinders. The hydraulic oil in the rod chamber of the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder 139b flows into the hydraulic oil tank 131 through the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 136.

[0110] The hydraulic rod retraction circuit of the two double-acting hydraulic cylinders of the intermediate suspension hydraulic device 130 is as follows: YA1 of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 136 is energized, causing the working port B of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 136 to open; YA3 of the second two-position three-way solenoid valve 137b is energized and opened, causing the working port B of the second two-position three-way solenoid directional valve 137b to open; the first two-position three-way solenoid directional valve 137a is de-energized and closed, so that the oil does not flow. The hydraulic oil flows into the rod chamber of the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder 139b. Similarly, due to the size of the piston rod, the oil volume in the rodless chamber of the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder 139b is higher than the oil volume in the rod chamber of the first double-acting hydraulic cylinder 139a. The hydraulic oil continuously returns through the hydraulic control check valve 138 to maintain the synchronization of the two double-acting hydraulic cylinders. The hydraulic oil flows from the rodless chamber of the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder 139b through the hydraulic control check valve 138 and the second two-position three-way solenoid valve 137b into the hydraulic oil tank 131.

[0111] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the concave blade de-icing component 140 includes two sleeve rods 141, two mounting plates 142, connecting screws 143, and multiple independent spring-driven contouring tool mechanisms 144. The two sleeve rods 141 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and each sleeve rod 141 has a through hole at its center. The two mounting plates 142 are fixed in parallel and spaced apart between the two sleeve rods 141, and each mounting plate 142 has a connecting hole. The multiple independent spring-driven contouring tool mechanisms 144 are connected to the mounting plates 142 at intervals through the connecting screws 143, and the independent spring-driven contouring tool mechanisms 144 on the two mounting plates 142 are symmetrically arranged, that is, the angles of the front and rear rows of tools are opposite.

[0112] The hydraulic rods of the two double-acting hydraulic cylinders are connected to the traction card and connected to the through holes of the two sleeve rods 141 through the pin shaft, thereby driving the concave cutter disc ice and snow removal component 140 to rise and fall. The concave cutter disc ice and snow removal component 140 is laterally arranged at the lower part of the frame 100.

[0113] like Figure 9 As shown, the independent spring-driven contouring tool mechanism 144 includes a tool head support, a tool head spring 211, an adjusting screw 212, a concave tool head 213, and a tool head bearing 214. The tool head support includes a base plate 221, a base 222, and a support frame 223. One end of the support frame 223 is inclinedly disposed at the lower part of the base 222, and the support frames 223 are symmetrically arranged. The base plate 221 is sleeved on the upper part of the base 222, and the base plate 221 and the mounting plate 142 are arranged parallel and spaced apart. The four corners of the base plate 221 are connected to the mounting plate 142 with adjustable gaps via connecting screws 143. One end of the tool head spring 211 is sleeved on the base plate 222. The base 222 is located on the outside of the base plate 222, and the cutter head spring 221 is located between the base plate 221 and the mounting plate 142. The gap between the base plate 221 and the mounting plate 142 is adjusted by the compression or return of the spring. The base plate 221 and the base 222 are fixed together by adjusting screws 212, and the angle of the base 222 relative to the base plate 221 can be adjusted by adjusting screws 212. The concave cutter head 213 is provided with a flange 215 and a cutter head bearing (not shown in the figure) at its center. A connecting shaft is provided between the other ends of the support frame 223. The connecting shaft passes through the cutter head bearing, that is, the concave cutter head 213 is rotatably located at the other end of the support frame 223.

[0114] The concave cutter head 213 is provided with cutter head blades.

[0115] In this embodiment, the concave cutter head 213 needs to be manufactured using wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials to ensure that it can operate stably for a long time under different road conditions. Optimized manufacturing processes, such as injection molding, casting or machining, are adopted to ensure the precision and quality of the parts.

[0116] In this embodiment, the concave cutter head 213 is made of 65Mn steel and is processed by cutting, stamping, quenching and other processes.

[0117] The parameters of the concave cutter head 213 include the cutter head diameter, cutter head thickness, cutter head cutting edge angle, and cutter head travel angle. The selection of the snow-clearing cutter head parameters requires comprehensive field testing and necessary related simulations. A comprehensive selection is made with a cutter head diameter of 200mm, a cutter head thickness of 4.5mm, and a cutter head cutting edge angle of 18°. Figure 10The diagram illustrates the movement of a single cutterhead cutting and compacting ice and snow at a travel angle α. Using urban road compaction of ice and snow as an ideal brittle material, and drawing inspiration from the disc harrowing technique, to improve the cutterhead's ability to cut into ice and snow, the concave cutterhead needs to form a certain angle with the direction of travel, i.e., the travel angle α. In this embodiment, the cutterhead travel angle is in the range of 11° to 15°, meaning the concave cutterhead can deflect 11° to 15° to one side relative to the vehicle's travel direction. In other words, the overall rotation angle of the concave cutterhead is 22° to 30°. Figure 11 As shown, based on the working conditions of the concave cutterhead, the force between the concave cutterhead and the road compaction of ice and snow can be divided into the ice and snow cutting resistance F1 and the frictional force between the ice and snow and the cutterhead surface F. f And gravity and hydraulic cylinder loading pressure F g The resultant force of the three forces is the total resistance of the cutter head in clearing ice and snow.

[0118] like Figure 12 , Figure 13 As shown, the rear-mounted lifting scraper device 150 is installed at the rear of the volumetric tank 102, and the rear-mounted lifting scraper device 150 can be raised and lowered vertically on the ground. The rear-mounted lifting scraper device 150 includes a lifting motor 151, a connecting member 152, a lead screw 153, a slider 154, a rolling bearing, and a snow removal scraper 155. The lifting motor 151 is fixed at the rear of the volumetric tank 102, the connecting member 152 is installed on a horizontally arranged connecting rod at the rear of the volumetric tank 102, and one end of the lead screw 153... The slider 154 is connected to the output end of the lifting motor 151, which drives the lead screw 153 to rotate. The other end is suspended at the tail of the volume box 102. The lead screw 153 passes through the connector 152 through a rolling bearing. The slider 154 is matched and installed on the lead screw 153 and connected to the snow removal scraper 155, which drives the snow removal scraper 155 to rise and fall. This effectively improves the working efficiency of the snow removal vehicle, avoids pedestrians and vehicles from running over the snow again and forming secondary compaction of ice and snow, greatly reduces the labor of snow removal workers, and saves working costs.

[0119] In this embodiment, the snow scraper 155 is bucket-shaped, and the end away from the lead screw 153 is provided with serrations for cleaning residual ice and snow from the front blade disc.

[0120] The power supply is connected to the drive motor 111, hydraulic controller, hydraulic motor, and lifting motor 151 via a power controller. The snowplow operator transmits analog current signals to the power controller via a joystick. The power controller then supplies current to the drive motor 111, hydraulic controller, hydraulic motor, and lifting motor 151, enabling the snowplow to move and operate. The hydraulic controller is the signal processing center of the hydraulic system. It is connected to the hydraulic motor and controls the extension, retraction, and operating speed of the hydraulic cylinder. The operator transmits analog signals to the hydraulic controller via a joystick to control the lifting and lowering of the hydraulic system.

[0121] The working process of the small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys described in this invention is as follows:

[0122] The operator lowers the snow removal component via a hydraulic system. When the cutter head contacts the compacted icy and snowy surface, the hydraulic cylinder continues to apply pressure, exerting a downward vertical force on the snow removal component. This force ranges from 4000N to 6000N depending on the thickness of the compacted snow and ice, causing the cutter head to embed into the icy and snowy surface to a certain depth. As the snowplow moves forward, the cutter head rotates, using the cutter head assembly with a certain angle of travel to continuously cut, break, and uplift the compacted snow and ice. If the cutting process encounters road obstacles or hard objects, the cutter head spring contracts, and the independent spring-following cutter mechanism lifts upward, achieving obstacle avoidance and conforming to the road surface. This protects the snow removal tools and the road surface, preventing blade chipping or damage to the road surface and extending tool life. To verify the snow removal component's obstacle-crossing ability, kinematic simulation of the snow removal component was performed using ADAMS2023 simulation software. The structure of the snow removal component was optimized and mounted on a simple frame. An uneven road surface was created, and a drive was applied to propel the snow removal component forward. Figure 14 The image shows the obstacle-crossing effect of the snow and ice removal component. Observe the simulation result curve, as shown... Figure 15 As shown, the vertical displacement curve of the cutter head's center of mass is consistent with the road surface protrusion, thus proving that the snow and ice removal component has an obstacle avoidance and contour-following effect.

[0123] like Figure 16 , Figure 17 As shown, in order to investigate the working resistance of a single cutter head and the spring strain capacity, a vertical downward loading force of 5000N was applied to the snow and ice removal component. The results showed that the maximum resistance of the cutter head was about 570N and the spring strain capacity was about 4.6Nmm.

[0124] In use, the start and stop of the lifting motor are controlled to drive the lead screw to rotate. The snow scraper is connected to the slider. The rotation of the lead screw drives the slider to rise or fall, thereby raising or lowering the snow scraper. During operation, the snow scraper is lowered to the compacted ice and snow surface, and the front concave blade blade is used to cut and clean the residual ice and snow, ensuring that the road surface is clean and tidy after the snow and ice removal vehicle has worked.

[0125] To verify the performance of the electric snow removal equipment described in this invention, performance tests are now being conducted on it:

[0126] Create a cutterhead and icy road surface model in SolidWorks 2023 software, save it as an X_T universal format, and import it into ABAQUS 2021 software for cutterhead cutting simulation of ice and snow. Figure 18 As shown, the cutter head material is defined as 65Mn with a density of 7820 kg / m³. 3 Elastic modulus 211 GPa, Poisson's ratio 0.288; density of compacted ice and snow material 900 kg / m³ 3The elastic modulus was set to linear elasticity, with an elastic modulus of 5 GPa and a Poisson's ratio of 0.3. Simulation was performed, and the stress cloud diagram of the cutting and compaction of ice and snow was obtained as follows: Figure 19 As shown in the figure, the stress unit is MPa. It can be seen that the maximum stress during the cutting and compaction of ice and snow by the cutter head is 45 MPa. Therefore, it can be proved that the cutter head can cut compacted ice and snow within 45 MPa.

[0127] 1. Analyze the impact of different travel speeds on the snow and ice removal rate.

[0128] Five operating conditions were set at travel speeds of 5 km / h, 10 km / h, 15 km / h, 20 km / h, and 25 km / h for clearing solid ice and snow. The maximum stress experienced by the concave cutter head ice and snow clearing component in clearing solid ice and snow is the ice-breaking strength of the concave cutter head ice and snow clearing component. The reaction force experienced by the concave cutter head in the Y direction is the cutting normal pressure during operation. Therefore, the ice-breaking strength and cutting normal pressure of the concave cutter head ice and snow clearing component under the five operating conditions are shown in Table 1. Correspondingly, the variation curves of the ice-breaking strength and cutting normal pressure of the concave cutter head ice and snow clearing component under the five operating conditions are shown in Table 1. Figure 20 As shown in Table 1 and Figure 20 It can be seen that the ice and snow breaking intensity increases with the increase of travel speed, while the cutting normal pressure shows a trend of high to low and then high between 5km / h and 25km / h. The greater the cutting normal pressure of the cutter head, the greater the resistance encountered when clearing ice and snow. Based on comprehensive analysis, the optimal operating speed range of the snowplow is 10km / h to 20km / h.

[0129] Table 1. Ice and snow breaking intensity and cutting normal pressure of cutterhead at different operating speeds

[0130]

[0131] Table 2 shows the removal efficiency and road damage rate under the five working conditions, and the corresponding curves of the removal efficiency and road damage rate under the five working conditions are shown below. Figure 21 As shown in the table and figure, it can be concluded that when the snowplow travels at a speed of 5 km / h, both the snow removal rate and the road damage rate are not ideal. The higher the operating speed, the lower the road damage rate. However, at 15 km / h, the snow removal rate gradually decreases. In the above experiment, the optimal speed of the snowplow was further defined as 15 km / h to 20 km / h as the optimal working speed.

[0132] Table 2. Effects of different operating speeds on removal rate and road damage rate

[0133]

[0134]

[0135] 2. Analyze the impact of different concave cutter head travel angles on the snow and ice removal rate.

[0136] Maintaining a constant forward speed of 20 km / h, the travel angle of the concave cutter head was varied to analyze the impact of different travel angles on the snow removal rate. A travel angle range of 7°–15° was selected, and simulations of solid ice and snow removal were conducted with five working conditions: 7°, 9°, 11°, 13°, and 15°. The travel angle range was determined by the snow-breaking intensity and cutting normal pressure, as shown in Table 3. Correspondingly, the snow-breaking intensity and cutting normal pressure variation curves of the concave cutter head snow removal component under the five working conditions are shown in Table 3. Figure 22 As shown in the graph, the ice-breaking intensity and cutting normal pressure vary with the cutter head angle. When the travel angle is 7°, the ice-breaking intensity is insufficient, and residual ice and snow are likely to remain. As the cutter head angle increases, the ice-breaking intensity and cutting normal pressure also increase. The larger these two indicators are, the better the snow removal effect. However, the increased cutter head resistance increases the snowplow's operating power and reduces efficiency. Furthermore, excessive resistance can easily damage the cutter head. Therefore, the optimal snow entry angle range is selected as 11° to 15°.

[0137] Table 3. Ice and snow breaking intensity and cutting normal pressure for five different cutterhead travel angles.

[0138]

[0139] Table 4 shows the removal efficiency and road damage rate under five working conditions, and the corresponding curves of the removal efficiency and road damage rate under the five working conditions are shown in the figure. Figure 23 As shown in the table, at an angle of 7°, neither the removal rate nor the road damage rate reaches the ideal effect. The dotted line graph shows that at an angle of 13°, both the removal rate and the road damage rate are at a relatively high level, and then tend to stabilize. Considering the working conditions of the snowplow, the cutterhead travel angle is selected to be between 11° and 15°.

[0140] Table 4. The Influence of Concave Cutter Head Travel Angle on Cleaning Rate and Road Damage Rate

[0141]

[0142] This invention relates to a small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys. It employs a rolling concave blade disc for snow removal, with concave circular blades fixed at an angle to the machine's forward direction on a mounting plate. During operation, the blades simultaneously perform five functions: cutting, crushing, lifting, scraping, and pushing. This overcomes the weakness of traditional snow removal equipment where each component has a single function, ensuring energy efficiency and meeting road snow removal technical requirements. Furthermore, it utilizes a separate, independently mounted, follow-up contouring mechanism, where each snow removal blade disc is independently mounted on a spring bracket. When encountering an obstacle, each blade mechanism springs upward, simultaneously protecting both the road surface and the snow removal blades. Compared to existing snow removal equipment on the market, this mechanism is significantly simplified, effectively reducing costs and failure rates. It is suitable for clearing compacted snow and ice in urban streets and alleys, adapting to various road conditions such as flat, pothole-prone, sloping, and irregular snow surfaces.

[0143] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys, characterized in that, include: Vehicle body; as well as Two mounting plates, spaced apart and synchronously raised and lowered, are installed at the bottom of the vehicle body; Multiple cutter head supports are provided at equal intervals at one end at the bottom of the two mounting plates, and the multiple cutter head supports and the mounting plates are spaced apart. Multiple cutter head springs are respectively and correspondingly arranged between multiple cutter head supports and mounting plates; Multiple concave cutter discs are rotatably mounted on the other end of the multiple cutter disc brackets, and the multiple concave cutter discs can deflect relative to the vehicle axis. The concave cutter discs on the two mounting plates are symmetrically arranged, and the angle at which the multiple concave cutter discs can deflect relative to one side of the vehicle axis is 11° to 15°.

2. The small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle body includes: The frame; and The driver's cab is located at the upper front end of the frame; A volumetric storage tank is located at the upper rear end of the frame.

3. The small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: A tracked front drive axle is located at the lower front end of the frame and is used to drive the vehicle. A tire-type rear steering axle is located at the lower rear end of the vehicle body and is used to steer the vehicle. A central suspension hydraulic device is located on one side of the vehicle frame, and the central suspension hydraulic device can be connected to two mounting plates to drive the two mounting plates to rise and fall. A rear-mounted lifting scraper device is installed at the rear of the volume box, which can be lifted and lowered.

4. The small electric snow removal vehicle for urban blocks and alleys as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The tracked front drive axle includes: Drive motor; and The front axle is located at the bottom front end of the frame and is connected to the output end of the drive motor. Two triangular track wheels are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the front axle, and the two triangular track wheels are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower front end of the frame. Two front shock absorber beams are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the front axle and between the vehicle frame; Two shock absorber bars are symmetrically positioned at both ends of the front axle and between the frame.

5. The small electric snow removal vehicle for urban streets and alleys as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Both of the aforementioned triangular track wheels include: The base is set parallel to the ground; At least two support rollers are rotatably arranged under the base; Two guide wheels are symmetrically and rotatably arranged at both ends of the base; A support frame is mounted on the base; The drive main wheel is rotatably mounted on the support frame and is connected to the tracked front drive axle. Tracks, which extend outward from the drive sprocket, two guide wheels and at least two support wheels.

6. The small electric snow removal vehicle for urban blocks and alleys as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The tire-type rear steering axle includes: The rear axle rotates synchronously with the front axle, and the rear axle is located at the bottom rear end of the frame; Two circular tires are positioned at both ends of the rear axle; A lateral steering tie rod, positioned between the two circular tires, is used to steer the vehicle. A power steering unit, which is connected to the lateral steering tie rod; Two rear shock absorber beams are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the rear axle and between the vehicle frame.

7. The small electric snow removal vehicle for urban blocks and alleys as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The intermediate suspension hydraulic device includes: A hydraulic oil tank is located on one side of the vehicle frame; An oil suction filter, the oil inlet of which is connected to the hydraulic oil tank; A hydraulic pump, the suction port of which is connected to the outlet port of the suction filter; An electric motor, connected to the hydraulic pump, is used to provide power; A check valve, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump; The three-position four-way solenoid directional valve includes an inlet port P, a return port T, a working port A, and a working port B. The inlet port P is connected to the outlet port of a check valve, and the return port T is connected to the hydraulic oil tank. The first double-acting hydraulic cylinder has its rodless chamber connected to the working port A. The second double-acting hydraulic cylinder has its rod chamber connected to the working port B, and its rodless chamber connected to the rod chamber of the first double-acting hydraulic cylinder. A hydraulically controlled check valve, one end of which is simultaneously connected to the rodless chamber of the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder and the rod chamber of the first double-acting hydraulic cylinder; The first two-position three-way solenoid directional valve has its oil inlet connected to the other end of the hydraulic control check valve, its working port A connected to the working port A of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve, and its working port B connected to the hydraulic oil tank. The second two-position three-way solenoid directional valve has its oil inlet connected to the other end of the hydraulic control check valve, and its working port A is connected to the working port B of the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve. The working port B is connected to the hydraulic oil tank. The first double-acting hydraulic cylinder and the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder are respectively vertically arranged on both sides of the vehicle frame, and the hydraulic rods of the first double-acting hydraulic cylinder and the second double-acting hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected to the two mounting plates.

8. The small electric snow removal vehicle for urban blocks and alleys as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: Two sleeves are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame; The two mounting plates are arranged vertically and at intervals between the two sleeve rods.

9. The small electric snow removal vehicle for urban blocks and alleys as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Each of the plurality of cutter head supports includes: The base plate is spaced apart at the bottom of the two mounting plates; The base has one end located at the bottom of the base plate and the other end passing through the base plate; Two support frames, one end of which is inclined and parallel to one end of the base; An adjusting screw, located between the base and the bottom plate, is used to adjust the angle of the concave cutter head relative to the bottom plate; The cutter head spring is disposed between the base plate and the mounting plate, and one end of the cutter head spring is sleeved on the other end of the base. The concave cutter head is rotatably disposed between the other ends of the two support frames.

10. The small electric snow removal vehicle for urban blocks and alleys as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The rear-mounted lifting scraper device includes: A lifting motor is fixed at the rear of the volume box, and the output end of the lifting motor is set perpendicular to the ground; A lead screw is rotatably mounted at the rear of the volume box, with one end of the lead screw connected to the output end of the lifting motor and the other end suspended at the bottom of the vehicle. A slider, which is fitted onto the lead screw, is used to convert the rotational motion of the lead screw into linear reciprocating motion; The snow scraper has one end connected to the slider and the other end has a serrated structure.

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