Spiral water chamber type surge chamber structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a spiral water chamber type surge chamber structure, and relates to the technical field of pressure regulating facilities, the spiral water chamber type surge chamber structure is characterized in that a vertical shaft extends along a first direction, the first direction is the height direction of the spiral water chamber type surge chamber structure, and the setting height of an upper water chamber is higher than that of a lower water chamber; the upper water chamber and the lower water chamber are both communicated with the vertical shaft, the slide connecting section is arranged around the vertical shaft in the circumferential direction of the vertical shaft, the two ends of the slide connecting section are communicated with the upper water chamber and the lower water chamber respectively, and the breather pipe is located above the upper water chamber, arranged at the joint of the upper water chamber and the slide connecting section and extends upwards. And the breather pipe is communicated with the upper water chamber and the slide connecting section. Therefore, the surge can be effectively reduced, fluctuation attenuation can be accelerated, and a smooth water level fluctuation process is provided, so that the water level control capability of the spiral water chamber type surge chamber structure is improved, and the stability of a water conveying system is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pressure regulating facilities, and in particular to a spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure. Background Technology

[0002] In hydropower engineering, surge tanks are crucial structures in water conveyance systems, used to mitigate water hammer pressure, reduce pressure fluctuations in the water intake system, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the power station. While traditional two-chamber surge tanks can adapt to load changes, their structure typically includes upper and lower chambers with discontinuous volumes that vary along the flow path. Under frequent changes in operating conditions, water level fluctuations are large, and their relatively fixed structural form limits their adaptability to complex geological conditions. Furthermore, existing surge tanks still have room for improvement in water level control and system stability when dealing with complex multi-unit water conveyance systems, especially when rapid response to frequent opening and closing operations is required. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new surge tank structure that can effectively reduce surge waves and accelerate fluctuation attenuation while providing a smoother water level fluctuation process, better adaptability to operating conditions, and more flexible capabilities to cope with geological conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one object of the present invention is to propose a spiral water chamber type surge tank structure that can reduce abrupt changes in water flow and surge phenomena, reduce energy loss, accelerate fluctuation attenuation, and provide a smoother water level fluctuation process, thereby improving the water level control capability and system stability of the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure.

[0004] The spiral water chamber pressure regulating chamber structure according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0005] The structure includes a vertical shaft, an upper water chamber, and a lower water chamber. The vertical shaft extends along a first direction, which is the height direction of the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure. The upper water chamber is set at a higher height than the lower water chamber. Both the upper water chamber and the lower water chamber are connected to the vertical shaft.

[0006] The slide connecting section is set around the vertical shaft along its circumference, and its two ends are connected to the upper water chamber and the lower water chamber, respectively.

[0007] A vent pipe is located at the connection between the upper water chamber and the slide section and extends upwards, and the vent pipe is connected to both the upper water chamber and the slide section.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure, by arranging the slide connecting section around the vertical shaft along the circumference of the shaft, with both ends of the slide connecting section connected to the upper water chamber and the lower water chamber respectively, and the vent pipe located at the connection between the upper water chamber and the slide connecting section and extending upward, and the vent pipe being connected to both the upper water chamber and the slide connecting section, can reduce sudden changes in water flow pattern and surge phenomena, reduce energy loss, accelerate fluctuation attenuation, and provide a smoother water level fluctuation process, thereby improving the water level control capability and system stability of the surge tank structure.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the cross-sectional shapes of the upper water chamber, the lower water chamber, and the slide connecting section are the same. The cross-sectional shapes of the upper water chamber, the lower water chamber, and the slide connecting section all include: a semi-circular segment, a first straight segment, a second straight segment, and a third straight segment. The first straight segment and the semi-circular segment are opposite to each other and spaced apart. The second straight segment and the third straight segment are located between the first straight segment and the semi-circular segment. The second straight segment is connected between one end of the semi-circular segment and one end of the first straight segment. The third straight segment is connected between the other end of the semi-circular segment and the other end of the first straight segment.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the first straight segment is a, and the radius of the semicircular segment is R, satisfying the relationship: R = 0.5a.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the slopes of both the upper and lower water chambers are α, satisfying the relationship: 0 < α < 2%; and / or

[0012] The slope of the connecting section of the slide is β, which satisfies the relationship: 5% < β < 20%.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure further includes: a connecting pipe, which extends along a first direction and is located below the vertical shaft, and the connecting pipe is connected to the vertical shaft.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the submersion depth of the upper water chamber is h. S The length of the second and third straight segments is b, and the radius of the semicircular segment is R, satisfying the relationship: h S =H K -H L -H S h S <(b+R) / 3;

[0015] H K H represents the reservoir water level. L H is the elevation of the bottom of the connecting pipe. S This is the distance between the lowest point of the water inlet chamber and the bottom of the connecting pipe.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the total height of the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure along the first direction is h, satisfying the relationship: h = h J +h L The height of the shaft along the first direction is h. J The height of the connecting pipe along the first direction is h. L .

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the distance between the highest point of the water chamber and the top of the shaft is greater than or equal to 1m.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the vent tube is h. T , satisfying: h T h J -H S -bR.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the submersion depth of the lower chamber is h. X , satisfying the relation: h X =H K -H L -H X -h w h X <(b+R) / 3;

[0020] H X This is the distance between the lowest point of the drainage chamber and the bottom end of the connecting pipe;

[0021] h w This refers to the head loss along the route of the water diversion tunnel.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the distance between the lowest point of the connection between the slide connecting section and the upper water chamber and the lowest point of the connection between the slide connecting section and the lower water chamber is h. H , satisfying the relation: h H =H S -H X H X This is the distance between the lowest point of the drainage chamber and the bottom of the connecting pipe.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0025] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure of this invention after being connected with a water diversion tunnel and a pressurized pipeline;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a front view of the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure of this invention after it is connected to the water diversion tunnel and pressurized pipeline;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the spiral water chamber pressure regulating chamber structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the upper water chamber, the lower water chamber, and the slide connecting section according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a top view of the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure of this invention after it is connected to the water diversion tunnel and pressurized pipeline;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a comparative schematic diagram of the hydraulic characteristics of the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure of this invention under load shedding and load increase conditions;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram comparing the hydraulic characteristics of the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure and the double chamber type surge tank under load shedding and load increase conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure label:

[0033] Spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100;

[0034] 1. Shaft; 2. Connecting pipe; 3. Slide connecting section; 4. Water inlet chamber; 5. Water outlet chamber; 6. Ventilation pipe; 7. Water diversion tunnel; 8. Pressurized pipeline;

[0035] Semicircular segment 10; First straight line segment 11; Second straight line segment 12; Third straight line segment 13. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0037] The following is for reference. Figures 1-7The spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a vertical shaft 1, an upper water chamber 4 and a lower water chamber 5. The vertical shaft 1 extends along a first direction, which is the height direction of the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100. The upper water chamber 4 is installed at a higher height than the lower water chamber 5. Both the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 are connected to the vertical shaft 1.

[0038] The slide connecting section 3 is arranged around the vertical shaft 1 along the circumference of the vertical shaft 1, and the two ends of the slide connecting section 3 are respectively connected to the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5.

[0039] Ventilation pipe 6 is located at the connection between the upper water chamber 4 and the slide connecting section 3 and extends upward. Ventilation pipe 6 is connected to both the upper water chamber 4 and the slide connecting section 3.

[0040] Among them, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first direction is Figure 1 In the X-direction, which is the height direction of the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100, the vertical shaft 1 extends along the first direction. The upper water chamber 4 is set at a higher height than the lower water chamber 5. Both the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 are directly connected to the vertical shaft 1, which is conducive to the natural flow of water under the action of gravity. Figure 1 As shown, the slide connecting section 3 can be constructed as a spiral pipe structure or a straight pipe structure. It can be reasonably set according to the geological conditions. As long as the slide connecting section 3, the upper water chamber 4, and the lower water chamber 5 together define the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100 with a spiral direction, it is acceptable.

[0041] The slide connecting section 3 is set around the vertical shaft 1 along the circumference of the vertical shaft 1, which is conducive to making full use of the space around the vertical shaft 1. The two ends of the slide connecting section 3 are connected to the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 respectively to connect the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5. The upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 are effectively connected in a limited space, making the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100 more compact and adaptable to different site conditions.

[0042] Furthermore, the two ends of the slide connecting section 3 are connected to the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 respectively to connect the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5, increasing the water flow channel. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the slide connecting section 3 is constructed as a spiral pipe structure, and the spiral center line of the slide connecting section 3 coincides with the axis of the vertical shaft 1, which can significantly reduce the surge amplitude and accelerate the attenuation of the fluctuation, resulting in a better water hammer suppression effect. In addition, along the first direction, the slide connecting section 3 adopts a spiral pipe structure design with a gradually changing cross-section, so that the volume of the slide connecting section 3 changes uniformly along the path, which can smooth water level fluctuations and improve waveform stability. Moreover, the extension route of the slide connecting section 3 can be adjusted according to geological conditions to actively avoid the fractured rock zone, enhancing the working condition adaptability of the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 and its more flexible ability to cope with geological conditions.

[0043] The vent pipe 6 is located at the connection between the upper water chamber 4 and the slide connecting section 3 and extends upward. The vent pipe 6 is connected to both the upper water chamber 4 and the slide connecting section 3, and the vent pipe 6 is normally open. When the water level or pressure inside the spiral water chamber pressure regulating chamber structure 100 changes or becomes abnormal, the vent pipe 6 can promptly discharge or introduce air to balance the air pressure inside the spiral water chamber pressure regulating chamber structure 100, prevent damage or safety accidents caused by excessive or insufficient pressure, avoid cavitation and erosion caused by local negative pressure, and ensure the safe operation of the spiral water chamber pressure regulating chamber structure 100.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 is provided around the vertical shaft 1 along the circumference of the vertical shaft 1 and extends along a first direction. The two ends of the slide connecting section 3 are respectively connected to the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 to connect the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5. The vent pipe 6 is provided at the connection between the upper water chamber 4 and the slide connecting section 3 and extends upward. The vent pipe 6 is connected to both the upper water chamber 4 and the slide connecting section 3. This can reduce sudden changes in water flow pattern and surge phenomenon, reduce energy loss, accelerate fluctuation attenuation, and provide a smoother water level fluctuation process, thereby improving the water level control capability and system stability of the surge tank structure.

[0045] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, the cross-sectional shapes of the upper water chamber 4, the lower water chamber 5, and the slide connecting section 3 are the same. The cross-sectional shapes of the upper water chamber 4, the lower water chamber 5, and the slide connecting section 3 all include: a semi-circular segment 10, a first straight segment 11, a second straight segment 12, and a third straight segment 13. The first straight segment 11 and the semi-circular segment 10 are opposite to each other and spaced apart. The second straight segment 12 and the third straight segment 13 are located between the first straight segment 11 and the semi-circular segment 10. The second straight segment 12 is connected between one end of the semi-circular segment 10 and one end of the first straight segment 11. The third straight segment 13 is connected between the other end of the semi-circular segment 10 and the other end of the first straight segment 11.

[0046] In this design, the cross-section of the upper water chamber 4 refers to the section perpendicular to its axial direction (length direction), the cross-section of the lower water chamber 5 refers to the section perpendicular to its axial direction (length direction), and the cross-section of the slide connecting section 3 refers to the section perpendicular to its axial direction (length direction). The identical cross-sectional shapes of the upper water chamber 4, the lower water chamber 5, and the slide connecting section 3 prevent sudden expansion or contraction, reducing local eddies and energy loss. This allows for a smooth transition of water flow within the upper water chamber 4, slide connecting section 3, and lower water chamber 5, reducing turbulence intensity. When water flows between these three chambers, the identical cross-sectional dimensions mean that the shape and size of the water flow channels remain consistent. Uniform channels prevent local resistance caused by abrupt changes in channel size, thus reducing head loss. It also helps maintain a stable flow state of water within the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100. The water flow will not experience instantaneous speed changes due to changes in channel size, reducing water flow turbulence and vortex generation, and lowering the impact force of water flow on the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100, which is beneficial to protecting the safety of the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100.

[0047] The first straight segment 11 and the semicircular segment 10 are opposite and spaced apart. The second straight segment 12 and the third straight segment 13 are located between the first straight segment 11 and the semicircular segment 10. The second straight segment 12 connects one end of the semicircular segment 10 and one end of the first straight segment 11. The third straight segment 13 connects the other end of the semicircular segment 10 and the other end of the first straight segment 11. This makes the cross-sectional shape of the upper water chamber 4, the lower water chamber 5, and the slide connecting segment 3 all present a shape of upper semicircle and lower rectangle (a door-shaped shape with an upper circle and a lower rectangle). The top of the semicircular segment 10 is suitable for the requirements of the rotating flow channel of the slide connecting segment 3 of the spiral pipe structure to maintain a stable flow state. It can also suppress the lateral deformation of the upper water chamber 4, the lower water chamber 5, and the slide connecting segment 3. It can also convert the vertical load into circumferential pressure, significantly reduce the stress concentration at the rectangular corner, and avoid local fatigue cracking. The rectangular section can enhance the longitudinal stability of the upper water chamber 4, the lower water chamber 5, and the slide connecting section 3. The rectangular section can also effectively suppress water level oscillation and accelerate the decay of fluctuations by combining with the slope limitation of the upper water chamber 4, the lower water chamber 5, and the slide connecting section 3.

[0048] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, the length of the first straight segment 11 is a, and the radius of the semicircular segment 10 is R, satisfying the relationship: R = 0.5a.

[0049] In this design, the first straight segment 11 and the semicircular segment 10 are opposite to each other and spaced apart. The second straight segment 12 and the third straight segment 13 are located between the first straight segment 11 and the semicircular segment 10. The second straight segment 12 connects one end of the semicircular segment 10 and one end of the first straight segment 11, and the third straight segment 13 connects the other end of the semicircular segment 10 and the other end of the first straight segment 11. The length of the first straight segment 11 is 'a', and the radius of the semicircular segment 10 is 'R', satisfying the relationship: R = 0.5a. This makes the diameters of the first straight segment 11 and the semicircular segment 10 equal, so that the cross-sectional shapes of the upper water chamber 4, the lower water chamber 5, and the slide connecting segment 3 all present a doorway shape with a round top and a square bottom. The top of the semicircular segment 10 is suitable for the requirements of the rotating flow channel of the slide connecting segment 3 with a spiral pipe structure for stable flow. The rectangular part, combined with the slope restrictions of the upper water chamber 4, the lower water chamber 5, and the slide connecting segment 3, can effectively suppress water level oscillations and accelerate the attenuation of fluctuations.

[0050] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the slopes of both the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 are α, satisfying the relationship: 0 < α < 2%; and / or

[0051] The slope of slide connecting section 3 is β, which satisfies the relationship: 5% < β < 20%.

[0052] The slopes of both the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 are α, satisfying the relationship: 0 < α < 2%.

[0053] Alternatively, the slope of slide connecting section 3 can be β, satisfying the relationship: 5% < β < 20%.

[0054] Alternatively, the slopes of the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 are both α, satisfying the relationship: 0 < α < 2%, and the slope of the slide connecting section 3 is β, satisfying the relationship: 5% < β < 20% (this embodiment is used as an example for illustration).

[0055] The slopes of both the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 are α, satisfying the relationship: 0 < α < 2%. α can be any value between 0 and 2%, such as 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.9%, etc., but this invention is not limited to these values; α can also be other values ​​between 0 and 2%, as long as α satisfies the relationship: 0 < α < 2%. Both the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 extend upwards along the first direction, and the slope α of the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 is set within a small range, making the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 have a slight inclination. This effectively suppresses the inertial impact of water flow and avoids violent fluctuations in water level. Setting the slope α of both the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 within the range of 0 < α < 2% helps ensure that water level fluctuations are always within a controllable range, significantly improving the stability of the transition process, while reducing the impact load on the vertical shaft 1 structure.

[0056] Furthermore, the slope of the slide connecting section 3 is β, satisfying the relationship: 5% < β < 20%. β can be any value between 5% and 20%, such as 5.1%, 6%, 7%, 19%, etc. However, this invention is not limited to these values; β can also be other values ​​between 5% and 20%, as long as β satisfies the relationship: 5% < β < 20%. Setting the slope β of the slide connecting section 3 within the range of 5% < β < 20% can enhance the rotational kinetic energy of the water body through gravity, which is beneficial for significantly shortening the swell attenuation time and significantly suppressing wave amplitude. This is especially suitable for the high head fluctuation control requirements of the ultra-long water diversion tunnel 7 system. A stepped energy regulation mechanism is constructed by forming a three-section layout with differentiated slopes of the upper water chamber 4, the slide connecting section 3, and the lower water chamber 5. This combination enables the pressure regulating chamber section structure 100 to maintain a smooth water level waveform under different working conditions. Furthermore, the slide connecting section 3 adopts a spiral pipe structure design with a gradually changing cross-section, and the cross-sectional shapes of the upper water chamber 4, the lower water chamber 5, and the slide connecting section 3 are the same, thus avoiding the risk of resonance caused by sudden changes in volume.

[0057] Furthermore, under the premise that the slope of the slide connecting section 3 remains consistent throughout, the slope β of the connecting section can be selected and arranged within the range of 5% < β < 20% according to the engineering geological conditions. Under the premise that the cross-sectional shape of the upper water chamber 4, the cross-sectional shape of the lower water chamber 5 and the cross-sectional shape of the slide connecting section 3 are the same, the specific values ​​of the slope α of the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 can be reasonably arranged within the range of 0 < α < 2% according to the engineering geological conditions.

[0058] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100 may further include: a connecting pipe 2, which extends along a first direction and is located below the vertical shaft 1, and the connecting pipe 2 is connected to the vertical shaft 1.

[0059] The connecting pipe 2 extends along the first direction and is located below the vertical shaft 1. The connecting pipe 2 is connected to the vertical shaft 1 so that water can flow in the vertical shaft 1 and the connecting pipe 2. The end of the connecting pipe 2 away from the vertical shaft 1 is vertically connected to the water diversion tunnel 7 to connect the vertical shaft 1 and the water diversion tunnel 7. The water diversion tunnel 7 is responsible for transporting water from the water source to the power plant or water use area, while the vertical shaft 1 undertakes key functions such as pressure regulation and water flow diversion. By connecting the vertical shaft 1 with the water diversion tunnel 7, the water hammer effect can be suppressed and the unit equipment can be protected from impact.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figures 2-4 As shown, the submersion depth of the upper water chamber 4 is h. S The length of the second straight segment 12 and the third straight segment 13 is both b, and the radius of the semicircular segment 10 is R, satisfying the relationship: h S =HK -H L -H S h S <(b+R) / 3;

[0061] H K H represents the reservoir water level. L H is the elevation of the bottom of connecting pipe 2. S The distance between the lowest point of the water chamber 4 and the bottom end of the connecting pipe 2.

[0062] Among them, the reservoir water level H K The elevation of the reservoir water surface relative to a certain reference surface; the bottom elevation H of connecting pipe 2. L The vertical height between the lowest point of the bottom of the connecting pipe 2 and a certain reference plane can be reasonably selected according to the actual situation. The length dimension b of the second straight segment 12 and the third straight segment 13, and the radius dimension R of the semi-circular segment 10 can be reasonably designed according to the geological conditions, through the relationship: h S =H K -H L -H S h S The appropriate submersion depth of the upper water chamber 4 can be designed and calculated using the formula (b+R) / 3 to ensure the safe operation of the water conveyance system and extend the service life of the spiral water chamber pressure regulating chamber structure 100.

[0063] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the total height of the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100 along the first direction is h, which satisfies the relationship: h = h J +h L The height of shaft 1 along the first direction is h. J The height of the connecting pipe 2 along the first direction is h. L .

[0064] Wherein, the height of shaft 1 along the first direction is h J The height of the connecting pipe 2 along the first direction is h. L h J and h L All designs are based on geological conditions, and are derived from the relationship: h = h J +h L The total height of the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 along the first direction can be calculated. The height of the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 needs to cover the water level fluctuation range under extreme working conditions, including the highest surge water level and the lowest surge water level. By accurately calculating the total height, it can be ensured that the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 can work normally under various working conditions, and water overflow or air entering the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 can be avoided.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the distance between the highest point of the upper water chamber 4 and the top of the vertical shaft 1 is greater than or equal to 1m.

[0066] The distance between the highest point of the water chamber 4 and the top of the shaft 1 can be 1m, 2m, 3m, etc., but the present invention is not limited to this. The distance between the highest point of the water chamber 4 and the top of the shaft 1 can also be other values ​​greater than 1m. The upper limit of the distance between the highest point of the water chamber 4 and the top of the shaft 1 can be reasonably set according to the actual situation.

[0067] A distance of ≥1m between the highest point of the upper water chamber 4 and the top of the vertical shaft 1 facilitates air circulation, reduces the risk of equipment failure or accelerated pipeline aging caused by localized high temperatures, and improves system reliability. Under reduced load conditions, water flows from the pressurized pipeline 8 into the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100. Insufficient spacing may cause water to directly impact the top of the vertical shaft 1, resulting in water hammer and energy loss, reducing unit efficiency. The spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 needs to balance the water hammer pressure of the pressurized pipeline 8 and the water intake tunnel 7 through water level fluctuations. Insufficient spacing will limit the water level regulation range and affect the pressure balancing effect. A reasonable spacing can expand the water level regulation range and improve the adaptability of the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 to load changes.

[0068] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the length of the ventilator 6 is h. T , satisfying: h T h J -H S -bR.

[0069] Among them, H S The distance between the lowest point of the upper water chamber 4 and the bottom end of the connecting pipe 2 is h, and the height of the vertical shaft 1 along the first direction is h. J The length of the second straight segment 12 and the third straight segment 13 is b, and the radius of the semicircular segment 10 is R. H is designed reasonably according to the geological conditions. S h J h can be calculated from b and R. T By setting the length of the vent pipe 6 within a reasonable range, it can be effectively ensured that the gas in the water chamber 4 or the connecting section can be quickly discharged from the vent pipe 6, avoiding increased air resistance and affecting the normal operation of the system.

[0070] Furthermore, the axis of the vent pipe 6 is vertically arranged at the interface between the upper water chamber 4 and the slide connection section 3, and the vent pipe 6 is located at the top of the connection between the upper water chamber 4 and the slide connection section 3. The cross-sectional area of ​​the vent pipe 6 is S. TThe peak gas velocity during exhaust from vent pipe 6 must be less than 20 m / s. High-speed gas exhaust may cause sudden changes in fluid pressure, leading to pipe vibration or water hammer effects. Limiting the flow velocity reduces the impact of pressure fluctuations on valves, fittings, and pumps, preventing mechanical damage and leaks at connections. Flow velocities exceeding 20 m / s are prone to generating turbulent noise and pipe resonance, especially noticeable in metal pipes. Controlling the gas flow velocity reduces the risk of long-term vibration fatigue in the spiral water chamber pressure regulating chamber structure 100. Furthermore, controlling the peak gas velocity below 20 m / s reduces frictional resistance between the gas and the pipe wall, minimizing energy loss.

[0071] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the submersion depth of the lower chamber 5 is h. X , satisfying the relation: h X =H K -H L -H X -h w h X <(b+R) / 3;

[0072] H X The distance between the lowest point of the drain chamber 5 and the bottom end of the connecting pipe 2;

[0073] h w This refers to the head loss along the route of water diversion tunnel 7.

[0074] Among them, the reservoir water level H K The elevation of the reservoir water surface relative to a certain reference surface; the bottom elevation H of connecting pipe 2. L The vertical height between the lowest point of the bottom of the connecting pipe 2 and a certain reference plane. The reference plane can be reasonably selected according to the actual situation. The head loss along the water diversion tunnel 7 is h. w The mechanical energy lost per unit weight of liquid flowing from one cross section to another is called the head loss between the two cross sections. The location of the two cross sections is selected according to the actual engineering conditions. X The distance between the lowest point of the drainage chamber 5 and the bottom end of the connecting pipe 2 can be reasonably designed according to geological conditions, based on the relationship: h X =H K -H L -H X -h w h X The appropriate submersion depth of the lower chamber 5 can be designed and calculated using the formula <(b+R) / 3 to ensure the safe operation of the water conveyance system and extend the service life of the spiral water chamber pressure regulating chamber structure 100.

[0075] According to some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 3As shown, the distance between the lowest point of the connection between slide connecting section 3 and the upper water chamber 4 and the lowest point of the connection between slide connecting section 3 and the lower water chamber 5 is h. H , satisfying the relation: h H =H S -H X H X The distance between the lowest point of the drain chamber 5 and the bottom end of the connecting pipe 2.

[0076] The distance H between the lowest point of the upper water chamber 4 and the bottom end of the connecting pipe 2 is... S The distance H between the lowest point of the drain chamber 5 and the bottom end of the connecting pipe 2 X All can be rationally designed according to geological conditions, through the relationship: h H =H S -H X It is possible to calculate the distance h between the lowest point of the connection between slide connection section 3 and the upper water chamber 4 and the lowest point of the connection between slide connection section 3 and the lower water chamber 5. H Furthermore, the spiral path of the slide connecting section 3 is rationally designed based on geological conditions. Compared to the turbulent rolling phenomenon that may occur in traditional pressure regulating chambers, in the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100 of the present invention, the water flow forms a stable centrifugal motion trajectory along the slide connecting section 3, and the efficiency of graded dissipation of gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy is significantly improved.

[0077] Furthermore, the relationship between the submersion depth of the upper water chamber 4, the submersion depth of the lower water chamber 5, and the radius of the semicircular segment 10 and the lengths of the second straight segment 12 and the third straight segment 13 is: h S =H K -H L -H S h S <(b+R) / 3 and h X =H K -H L -H X -h w h X <(b+R) / 3 defines the minimum effective water depth in the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5. This design maintains the integrity of the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 while reducing the risk of cavitation damage to the walls of the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 caused by high-speed water flow. It is particularly suitable for pressure surge scenarios under frequent start-up and shutdown conditions. When the unit load changes, the head loss along the water diversion tunnel 7 h w The real-time fluctuations are incorporated into the submersion depth regulation system of the upper chamber 4 and the lower chamber 5, ensuring that the water level in the lower chamber 5 remains within the buffer zone. This dynamic balancing capability effectively suppresses the superimposed surges caused by the start-up and shutdown of units in the "one tunnel, multiple units" system, preventing sudden water level changes from impacting the water conveyance system. This is achieved by constraining h... S with hX The upper limit of the water exchange process between vertical shaft 1 and upper water chamber 4 and lower water chamber 5 is restricted to a laminar flow-dominated, gentle flow.

[0078] Furthermore, as a specific embodiment of the present invention, taking the upstream water diversion system of a power station as an example, its water diversion flow rate is 100m³. 3 / s, using the unit installation elevation as the reference elevation, then the reservoir water level H K The elevation H at the bottom of the connecting pipe 2 of the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 is 750m. L The length of the water diversion tunnel 7 is 28km, and the diameter of the water diversion tunnel 7 is 6m. The length of the pressurized pipeline 8 is 1km, and the diameter of the pressurized pipeline 8 is 5m. The height of the vertical shaft 1 is h. J =78m, the height of connecting pipe 2 is h L =80m, the diameter of the vent pipe 6 is 4m, and the total height of the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100 is h = h J +h L =158m.

[0079] (1) Determine the cross-sectional area of ​​shaft 1: The cross-sectional area of ​​shaft 1 is calculated according to the Thomas critical cross-sectional area formula, where F is the Thomas critical cross-sectional area. Th =17.85m 2 The cross-sectional area of ​​shaft 1 satisfies the following relationship: F ​​= KF Th With K set to 4, F = 71.4m is calculated. 2 Shaft 1 has a circular cross-section. Based on the formula for the area of ​​a circle, the diameter of shaft 1 is calculated to be 9.535m. However, for design purposes (to facilitate construction, the diameter value of shaft 1's cross-sectional area is rounded down), the diameter is taken as 10m. Therefore, the cross-sectional area of ​​shaft 1 can be calculated as 78.54m² using the formula for the area of ​​a circle. 2 .

[0080] (2) Determine the dimensions of the connecting pipe 2: Based on the formula for calculating the area of ​​a circle, the cross-sectional area of ​​the water diversion tunnel 7 is calculated to be 28.27 m². 2 The cross-sectional area S of the connecting pipe 2 is taken as 12.72m². 2 The height h of connecting pipe 2 L It is 80m.

[0081] (3) Design the dimensions of the upper water chamber 4, the vent pipe 6, the slide connecting section 3, and the lower water chamber 5: (e.g.) Figure 4 As shown, the diameter of the semicircular segment 10 is a = 8m, the lengths of the second straight segment 12 and the third straight segment 13 are b = 8m, the radius of the semicircular segment 10 is R = 4m, and the diameter of the vent pipe 6 is 4m. Figure 5As shown, the centerline of slide connection section 3 coincides with the axis of vertical shaft 1. The spiral radius of slide connection section 3 is taken as 60m. The distance h between the lowest point of the connection between slide connection section 3 and upper water chamber 4 and the lowest point of the connection between slide connection section 3 and lower water chamber 5 is... H Satisfy: h H =H S -H X =50m. The slope α of the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 is 1%. Based on the connection section between the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 and the vertical shaft 1, the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 extend upwards, and the slope β of the slide connection section 3 is 10%.

[0082] (4) Determine the locations of the upper water chamber 4, the vent pipe 6, the slide connecting section 3, and the lower water chamber 5: The location of the upper water chamber 4 is determined by the reservoir water level H. K =750m determined that after the unit is shut down, the water level in the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 is level with the reservoir water level, ensuring that the reservoir water level is slightly higher than the bottom height of the upper water chamber 4, and the distance H between the lowest point of the upper water chamber 4 and the bottom of the connecting pipe 2. S =149m, the height from the horizontal plane inside the upper water chamber 4 to the bottom of the upper water chamber 4 is the submersion depth h of the upper water chamber 4. S The submersion depth h of the upper water chamber 4 S The depth of the upper water chamber 4 is less than (b+R) / 3=(8+4) / 3=4m. Therefore, the submersion depth h is... S =H K -H L -H S =750-600-149=1m. The height of the upper water chamber 4 must ensure that the safety freeboard above the highest surge water level is not less than 1m. The design of the upper water chamber 4 can ensure that the upper water chamber 4 plays the best regulating role in the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure 100, while maintaining the stability and reliability of the structure.

[0083] The location of the drainage chamber 5 is determined by the reservoir water level H. K =750m and the head loss along the water diversion tunnel 7 h w =37.8m determines that the water level in the drain chamber 5 is slightly higher than the bottom height of the drain chamber 5, and the distance H between the lowest point of the drain chamber 5 and the bottom of the connecting pipe 2 is... X =100m, the height from the horizontal plane inside the drainage chamber 5 to the bottom of the drainage chamber 5 is the submersion depth h of the drainage chamber 5. X And the flooding depth h of the drainage chamber 5 X The submersion depth h of the drainage chamber 5 is less than (b+R) / 3=(8+4) / 3=4m. X =H K -H L -H X -h w=750-600-100-37.8=12.2m, as shown in Tables 1 and 2. The initial water level is 103.4m. For ease of construction, the bottom elevation of the drainage chamber is taken as 100m, so h X Take 3.4m. The bottom of the drain chamber 5 should be lower than the lowest surge water level. The position of the drain chamber 5 should be appropriately set to ensure that it can play an optimal regulating role during pressure regulation, while maintaining the stability and reliability of the structure.

[0084] The spiral diameter of the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5 is 60m, the spiral angle is 180°, and the distance between the highest point of the upper water chamber 4 and the top of the vertical shaft 1 is greater than or equal to 1m. In this embodiment, the distance between the highest point of the water chamber and the top of the vertical shaft 1 is 1m.

[0085] By rationally designing the cross-sectional area F of shaft 1, the cross-sectional area S of connecting pipe 2, and the dimensions and positions of upper water chamber 4, slide connecting section 3, and lower water chamber 5, a spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 is derived. The hydraulic characteristics of the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 are verified using a one-dimensional numerical calculation method. The hydraulic characteristics of the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 under unit load shedding and load increase are calculated. The calculation results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown, let the water level in the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 be Z. S The time is t.

[0086] from Figure 6 As can be seen, the key parameters are shown in Table 1, the hydraulic characteristic parameters of the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100. This effect is due to the optimization of the damping structure in the design of the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100. By simulating the impedance hole through the abrupt change in the cross-sectional area from the connecting pipe 2 to the vertical shaft 1, and through the diversion effect of the slide connecting section 3 and the vertical shaft 1, the transition process can enter a steady state more quickly, reducing the risk of unit vibration. Through the design of the submersion depth of the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5, and the slope design of the upper water chamber 4 and the lower water chamber 5, the water level drops smoothly, reducing the structural damage caused by water hammer to the water diversion tunnel 7.

[0087] Under the premise that the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 has the same volume, two structures are designed: the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 of the present invention and the traditional double-chamber surge tank. One-dimensional numerical calculation is used to verify the superior mechanical properties of the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 of the present invention. The hydraulic characteristics of the two surge tank shapes under load shedding and load increase are calculated respectively. The calculation results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, let Z be the water level in the spiral water chamber type surge tank structure 100 and the traditional double-chamber surge tank. S The time is t.

[0088] Table 1. Hydraulic characteristic parameters of spiral water chamber type surge chamber structure.

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] from Figure 7 As can be seen, the hydraulic characteristic parameters of the dual-chamber surge tank and the spiral water chamber surge tank structure 100 are shown in Table 2. Under the load shedding condition, the dual-chamber surge tank experiences a sudden change in cross-sectional area along the axis, causing significant water level fluctuations. The fluctuations decay slowly, and after a long period of fluctuation, the water level finally stabilizes at 150m. The spiral water chamber surge tank structure 100 of this invention has a lower peak water level rise elevation than the dual-chamber surge tank, which helps reduce excavation while achieving the same effect as the dual-chamber surge tank. The water level fluctuations are smaller, and the fluctuation decays faster, with the water level finally stabilizing at 150m after a long period of fluctuation. Under the load increase condition, the water level in the dual-chamber surge tank drops rapidly, causing structural damage to the water diversion tunnel 7 at the bottom of the connecting pipe 2 and negatively impacting the stability of the hydraulic mechanical transition process. The spiral water chamber pressure regulating chamber structure 100 of the present invention allows for a stable water level drop, reducing structural damage caused by water hammer to the bottom water inlet tunnel 7 of the connecting pipe 2, and the stable water hammer pressure change is beneficial to the stability of the hydraulic mechanical transition process.

[0092] Table 2. Structural Hydraulic Characteristic Parameters of Dual-Chamber and Spiral Water Chamber Type Surge Chambers

[0093]

[0094] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative uses of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0095] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure, characterized in that, include: The structure includes a vertical shaft, an upper water chamber, and a lower water chamber. The vertical shaft extends along a first direction, which is the height direction of the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure. The upper water chamber is installed at a higher height than the lower water chamber. Both the upper water chamber and the lower water chamber are connected to the vertical shaft. A slide connecting section is provided around the vertical shaft along its circumference, and both ends of the slide connecting section are respectively connected to the upper water chamber and the lower water chamber; A vent pipe is provided at the connection between the upper water chamber and the slide connecting section and extends upward, and the vent pipe is connected to both the upper water chamber and the slide connecting section.

2. The spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shapes of the upper water chamber, the lower water chamber, and the slide connecting section are the same. The cross-sectional shapes of the upper water chamber, the lower water chamber, and the slide connecting section include: a semi-circular segment, a first straight segment, a second straight segment, and a third straight segment. The first straight segment and the semi-circular segment are opposite to and spaced apart. The second straight segment and the third straight segment are located between the first straight segment and the semi-circular segment. The second straight segment connects one end of the semi-circular segment and one end of the first straight segment. The third straight segment connects the other end of the semi-circular segment and the other end of the first straight segment.

3. The spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The length of the first straight segment is 'a', and the radius of the semicircular segment is 'R', satisfying the relationship: R = 0.5a.

4. The spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slopes of both the upper and lower water chambers are α, satisfying the relationship: 0 < α < 2%; and / or The slope of the connecting section of the slide is β, which satisfies the relationship: 5% < β < 20%.

5. The spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure further includes: a connecting pipe, which extends along the first direction and is located below the vertical shaft, and the connecting pipe is connected to the vertical shaft.

6. The spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The submersion depth of the upper water chamber is h. S The length of the second and third straight segments is b, and the radius of the semicircular segment is R, satisfying the relationship: h S =H K -H L -H S h S <(b+R) / 3; H K H represents the reservoir water level. L H is the elevation of the bottom of the connecting pipe. S The distance between the lowest point of the water chamber and the bottom end of the connecting pipe.

7. The spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The total height of the spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure along the first direction is h, which satisfies the relationship: h = h J +h L The height of the vertical shaft along the first direction is h. J The height of the connecting pipe along the first direction is h. L .

8. The spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The distance between the highest point of the water chamber and the top of the vertical shaft is greater than or equal to 1m.

9. The spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the vent pipe is h. T， Satisfy: h T h J -H S -bR.

10. The spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The submersion depth of the lower chamber is h. X， Satisfying the relation: h X =H K -H L -H X -h w h X <(b+R) / 3; H X The distance between the lowest point of the drainage chamber and the bottom end of the connecting pipe; h w This refers to the head loss along the route of the water diversion tunnel.

11. The spiral water chamber type pressure regulating chamber structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The distance between the lowest point of the connection between the slide connecting section and the upper water chamber and the lowest point of the connection between the slide connecting section and the lower water chamber is h. H , satisfying the relation: h H =H S -H X H X The distance between the lowest point of the drainage chamber and the bottom end of the connecting pipe.

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