Power regulation method and related device
By calculating and correcting the duty cycle adjustment factor in a PI or PID controller, the problem of low power regulation efficiency in existing technologies is solved, achieving fast and accurate power regulation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511074091.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing PI or PID controllers suffer from low power regulation efficiency, long settling time, and are prone to overshoot due to the presence of integral components in power regulation.
By acquiring the initial and target voltages and output power, calculating and correcting the duty cycle adjustment factor, and using the target duty cycle for power regulation, the system avoids directly using the original duty cycle, thus achieving rapid adjustment.
It improves the efficiency of power regulation, achieves fast response and precise power regulation, and reduces regulation time.
Smart Images
Figure CN120848679A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of power regulation technology, and in particular to a power regulation method and related apparatus. Background Art
[0002] When power regulation is required, power regulation can be performed using a PI (Proportional-Integral) controller or a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller.
[0003] Whether it's a PI controller or a PID controller, because of the integral term (i.e., the I part mentioned above), as long as there is an error between the actual power and the target power, the integral term will continuously accumulate this error value and gradually increase its output contribution. This cumulative effect will continue to drive the actuator until the error is completely eliminated. The integral process of the aforementioned integral term takes a long time, resulting in low power regulation efficiency. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of the above problems, this application provides a power regulation method and related apparatus to improve power regulation efficiency. The specific solution is as follows:
[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a power regulation method, comprising:
[0006] When power regulation is required, obtain the initial voltage and initial output power before power regulation, and obtain the target voltage and target output power after power regulation;
[0007] Obtain a first duty cycle determined based on the initial voltage and the target voltage;
[0008] A first adjustment factor is determined based on the initial output power and the target output power, and the first duty cycle is corrected using the first adjustment factor to obtain the target duty cycle.
[0009] Power regulation is performed using the target duty cycle.
[0010] In one possible implementation, a first adjustment factor is determined based on the initial output power and the target output power, and the first duty cycle is corrected using the first adjustment factor to obtain the target duty cycle, including:
[0011] The ratio of the target output power to the initial output power is used as the first adjustment factor;
[0012] If the first adjustment factor is not a preset value, the product of the first adjustment factor and the first duty cycle is used as the target duty cycle.
[0013] In one possible implementation, power regulation operation using the target duty cycle includes:
[0014] During the power regulation operation based on the target duty cycle, a second duty cycle determined based on the real-time voltage and the target voltage is obtained;
[0015] When the difference between the second duty cycle and the target duty cycle is within a preset difference range, the power adjustment operation is performed using the second duty cycle until the output power is adjusted to the target output power and then stops.
[0016] In one possible implementation, power regulation based on the target duty cycle includes:
[0017] Based on the target duty cycle and the sinusoidal angle calculated by the phase-locked loop, the third duty cycle of the periodic transformation is calculated.
[0018] Using the third duty cycle, a pulse width modulation (PWM) driver is generated to drive the switching device;
[0019] The PWM driver is used to drive the corresponding switching devices to achieve power regulation.
[0020] In one possible implementation, a first adjustment factor is determined based on the initial output power and the target output power, and the first duty cycle is corrected using the first adjustment factor to obtain the target duty cycle, including:
[0021] Calculate the difference between the target output power and the initial output power;
[0022] Determine the first adjustment factor corresponding to the difference;
[0023] The product of the first adjustment factor and the first duty cycle is used as the target duty cycle.
[0024] In one possible implementation, power regulation operation using the target duty cycle includes:
[0025] During the power regulation operation based on the target duty cycle, the updated first duty cycle is determined based on the real-time voltage, and the updated first regulation factor is determined based on the real-time output power.
[0026] The product of the updated first duty cycle and the updated first adjustment factor is used as the new target duty cycle. Power adjustment operation is performed based on the new target duty cycle. The steps of determining the updated first duty cycle based on real-time voltage and determining the updated first adjustment factor based on real-time output power are returned and executed sequentially until the output power is adjusted to the target output power.
[0027] In one possible implementation, determining the updated first duty cycle based on the real-time voltage and determining the updated first adjustment factor based on the real-time output power includes:
[0028] Obtain real-time voltage and real-time output power;
[0029] The updated first duty cycle is determined based on the real-time voltage and the target voltage;
[0030] Based on the real-time output power and the target output power, the updated first adjustment factor is determined.
[0031] In one possible implementation, the power regulation operation based on the new target duty cycle includes:
[0032] When a preset module is configured in the power regulation link, if the difference between the new target duty cycle and the updated first duty cycle is within a preset difference range, then the updated first duty cycle is used for power regulation; or, if the difference between the new target duty cycle and the updated first duty cycle is not within the preset difference range, then the new target duty cycle is used for power regulation; the preset module is a module used to select one of the updated first duty cycle and the new target duty cycle for power regulation.
[0033] In the absence of a preset module in the power regulation link, power regulation is performed using the new target duty cycle.
[0034] A second aspect of this application provides a power regulation device, comprising:
[0035] The first acquisition module is used to acquire the initial voltage and initial output power before power adjustment, and the target voltage and target output power after power adjustment, when there is a power adjustment requirement.
[0036] The second acquisition module is used to acquire a first duty cycle determined based on the initial voltage and the target voltage;
[0037] The calculation module is used to determine a first adjustment factor based on the initial output power and the target output power, and to use the first adjustment factor to correct the first duty cycle to obtain the target duty cycle.
[0038] The adjustment module is used to perform power adjustment operations using the target duty cycle.
[0039] A third aspect of this application provides a power regulation device, comprising at least one processor and a memory connected to the processor, wherein:
[0040] The memory is used to store computer programs;
[0041] The processor is used to execute the computer program so that the power regulation device can implement the power regulation method described above.
[0042] By employing the above technical solution, this application provides a power regulation method and related apparatus. In this application, when power regulation is required, the initial voltage and initial output power before power regulation are obtained, and the target voltage and target output power after power regulation are obtained. A first duty cycle determined based on the initial voltage and the target voltage is obtained. A regulation factor is determined based on the initial output power and the target output power. The first duty cycle is corrected using the regulation factor to obtain a target duty cycle, and the target duty cycle is used for power regulation. That is, this application does not directly use the first duty cycle for power regulation, but instead uses the first regulation factor to correct the first duty cycle, and uses the finally obtained target duty cycle for power regulation. Since the target duty cycle is determined based on the initial output power and the target output power, the target duty cycle can match the degree of power regulation during power regulation, enabling rapid power regulation and improving power regulation efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0043] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. It should be understood that the drawings are schematic, and the originals and elements are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[0044] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a control loop provided for related technologies;
[0045] Figure 2 A flowchart of a power regulation method provided in this application;
[0046] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a loop control circuit is provided for this application;
[0047] Figure 4 Another schematic diagram of the loop control provided in this application;
[0048] Figure 5 This application provides another schematic diagram of a loop control system;
[0049] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a power regulation process provided in this application;
[0050] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating a power regulation method provided in this application;
[0051] Figure 8 This application provides another schematic diagram of a power regulation process;
[0052] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a power regulation device provided in this application. Detailed Implementation
[0053] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The terminology used in the implementation section of this application is for explaining specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0054] The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will recognize that, with technological advancements and the emergence of new scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are equally applicable to similar technical problems.
[0055] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms are interchangeable where appropriate; this is merely a way of distinguishing objects with the same attributes in the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements but may include other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to those processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.
[0056] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand this application, the technical terms used in this application are explained below.
[0057] Control loop: A closed path for signal transmission. It describes how information (usually measured and expected values) circulates among the components of a system (controllers, actuators, controlled objects, sensors).
[0058] Closed loop: A control system structure that includes a feedback path.
[0059] Controller: Receives the setpoint and the actual process variable signals from the sensors, calculates the error between the two, and then calculates the control signal to be sent to the actuator according to a predetermined control algorithm.
[0060] PID controller: A specific type of closed-loop controller algorithm. It calculates the control signal by combining three basic control actions.
[0061] Integral term: Specifically refers to the I-part in a PID controller. It is the component of the controller output that is proportional to the integral of the error. As long as an error exists, the integral term will continuously accumulate this error value and gradually increase its output contribution. This cumulative effect will continue to drive the actuator until the error is completely eliminated.
[0062] Overshoot: During the dynamic response of a system, the amount by which the actual output value exceeds the set point (or the final steady-state value) for the first time when it reaches its peak value.
[0063] When there is a need for power regulation, closed-loop power regulation can be performed based on the control loop. The control loop can use a PI controller or a PID controller for power regulation.
[0064] Whether it's a PI controller or a PID controller, because of the integral term (the I part mentioned above), when power regulation is required, as long as there is an error between the actual power and the target power, the integral term will continuously accumulate this error value and gradually increase its output contribution. This cumulative effect will continuously drive the actuator to move until the error is completely eliminated. The integral process of the aforementioned integral term takes a long time, causing the power regulation process to change slowly, resulting in low power regulation efficiency and even overshoot.
[0065] Taking the inverter loop of a grid-connected inverter as an example, the control loop is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. The actual bus voltage Vsence is collected, and the target bus voltage Vref is calculated. The difference between Vsence and Vref is calculated to obtain the static error. This static error is then used by a PID controller to calculate the maximum duty cycle Dmax within one power frequency cycle. Dmax is then compared with the sinusoidal angle calculated by the phase-locked loop. sin value (i.e., sin Multiplying these values yields the duty cycle (Duty), which varies sinusoidally with the grid voltage. This duty cycle is then converted by an SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) module to obtain a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) drive that can be used to drive switching devices. In one implementation, further steps can be taken... Figure 1A current inner loop is connected in series after the Duty to form a double closed-loop control. Whether or not to configure this current inner loop can be configured according to actual needs.
[0066] When adjusting grid-connected power, Vref is adjusted first. Due to the inherent integral element of the PID controller, the calculation and adjustment speed of the entire control loop is slow, requiring a considerable amount of time to eliminate the static error between Vsense and Vref, thus achieving the goal of adjusting the output power to the target power. Furthermore, if a current inner loop is connected in series after Duty, for a dual-closed-loop system, the slow refresh rate of the outer loop makes it difficult to update the adjustment for sudden power changes in a short time, resulting in a long intermediate state and thus also exhibiting low adjustment efficiency.
[0067] Therefore, in this embodiment of the application, to improve power regulation efficiency, when power regulation is required, the initial voltage and initial output power before power regulation are obtained, and the target voltage and target output power after power regulation are obtained. A first duty cycle determined based on the initial voltage and target voltage is obtained, and an adjustment factor is determined based on the initial output power and target output power. The first duty cycle is corrected using the adjustment factor to obtain the target duty cycle, and the target duty cycle is used for power regulation. That is, this application does not directly use the first duty cycle for power regulation, but instead uses the first adjustment factor to correct the first duty cycle and uses the finally obtained target duty cycle for power regulation. Since the target duty cycle is determined based on the initial output power and target output power, the target duty cycle can match the degree of power regulation during power regulation, enabling rapid power regulation and improving power regulation efficiency.
[0068] Based on the above, one embodiment of this application provides a power regulation method, the executing entity of which can be an inverter, converter, photovoltaic control system, energy storage control system, photovoltaic-energy storage integrated control system, or other equipment with power regulation capabilities.
[0069] The power regulation method in this application embodiment can be applied to scenarios such as: adjusting the power of inverters (such as inverters in photovoltaic systems or inverters in energy storage systems) to achieve anti-reverse current scenarios, power regulation of APFC (Active Power Factor Correction) converter circuits, and power regulation of battery charging and discharging DC-to-DC (DC-to-DC) converters.
[0070] Reference Figure 2 A power regulation method may include:
[0071] S11. When there is a power regulation requirement, obtain the initial voltage and initial output power before power regulation, and obtain the target voltage and target output power after power regulation.
[0072] In this application embodiment, the existence of power adjustment requirement refers to a change in power, i.e., a power surge. This application embodiment does not require a specific magnitude for the power surge; it can be a small surge, such as from 200KW to 190KW, or a large surge, such as from 200KW to 500KW. Furthermore, this application embodiment does not require a specific direction for the power surge; it can be a surge from low power to high power, or a surge from high power to low power.
[0073] In one implementation, during the operation of the power regulation control loop, it is possible to continuously determine whether a power surge is needed based on external conditions. For example, in an anti-backflow system, the inverter's output power equals the load power minus the power flowing from the grid to the load. Since the loads are distributed relatively widely, it is inconvenient to measure directly, but it can be calculated indirectly. For instance, if the inverter's output power is 500W, and the total power flowing from the grid to the load is measured to be 400W by a smart meter, the total load power can be calculated to be 900W. If the inverter's output power remains unchanged, and the measured power flowing through the data collector is 200W from the load side to the grid side, then backflow occurs, and the load can be calculated to suddenly decrease to 300W. To prevent backflow, the inverter needs to reduce its output power from 500W to at least 300W, at which point a power surge is considered to have occurred.
[0074] If a power surge is deemed necessary, in this embodiment, prior to the surge, there exist corresponding power and voltage, referred to as the initial output power and initial voltage, respectively. After the surge, there exist corresponding power and voltage, referred to as the target output power and target voltage after power adjustment, respectively. The target output power can be calculated using a corresponding power calculation algorithm, as illustrated in the examples above.
[0075] Once the target output power is determined, the target voltage can be calculated based on the target output power.
[0076] In this embodiment of the application, due to the existence of power mutation, the initial voltage before power adjustment and the target voltage after power adjustment are different, and the initial output power before power adjustment and the target output power after power adjustment are different.
[0077] S12. Obtain the first duty cycle determined based on the initial voltage and the target voltage.
[0078] In the embodiments of this application, the control loop that can accelerate power regulation efficiency is as follows: Figure 3As shown. The initial voltage is Figure 3 Vsence in the target voltage is Figure 3 In the Vref, the difference between Vsence and Vref is calculated to obtain the static error. This static error is then passed through a PID controller to obtain the corresponding output value Dctrl, which can be called the first duty cycle.
[0079] It should be noted that, Figure 1 and Figure 3 The PID controller in the code is the same controller, therefore... Figure 3 Dctrl and Figure 1 The calculation process and value of Dmax are the same, only the identifier used is different.
[0080] S13. Determine the first adjustment factor based on the initial output power and the target output power, and use the first adjustment factor to correct the first duty cycle to obtain the target duty cycle.
[0081] In this embodiment of the application, the first adjustment factor can be as follows: Figure 3 If K in the formula is calculated using a ratio, then K can also be called a proportional adjustment factor. In another implementation, the control loop can also be as follows: Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the first adjustment factor can also be as follows: Figure 4 and Figure 5 The K in the equation is calculated in real time through the feedforward channel; in this case, K can also be called the feedforward influence factor. In practical scenarios, it can be selected according to actual needs. Figures 3-5 Power regulation is performed on any control loop within the system.
[0082] Regardless of whether K is calculated through a ratio or in real-time via the feedforward channel, the parameters for calculating K are the initial output power and the target output power. Specifically, if the initial output power is less than the target output power, the first adjustment factor is greater than a specified value; if the initial output power is greater than the target output power, the first adjustment factor is less than a specified value.
[0083] In one implementation, the specified value is one. That is, when the power abruptly increases in value, a first adjustment factor greater than one will be used to correct the first duty cycle to obtain the target duty cycle, such as... Figures 3-4 Dk in Figure 5Dk also exists, but it is not shown. The target duty cycle will be greater than the first duty cycle, that is, by increasing the value of the first duty cycle, a rapid power jump in the direction of increasing value is achieved. When the power jumps in the direction of decreasing value, a first adjustment factor less than one will be used to correct the first duty cycle to obtain the target duty cycle, which will be less than the first duty cycle, that is, by decreasing the value of the first duty cycle, a rapid power jump in the direction of decreasing value is achieved.
[0084] In this embodiment, a first adjustment factor K is added to the existing control loop. When a power adjustment requirement arises, faster loop adjustment is achieved by enabling K. Theoretically, power adjustment can be achieved within the first loop cycle after enabling K.
[0085] S14. Perform power adjustment operation using the target duty cycle.
[0086] Once the target duty cycle is known, it can be used to control the duty cycle of the corresponding switch, thereby realizing the power adjustment operation and ultimately adjusting the power from the initial output power to the target output power.
[0087] In this embodiment, when power regulation is required, the initial voltage and initial output power before power regulation are obtained, and the target voltage and target output power after power regulation are obtained. A first duty cycle determined based on the initial voltage and target voltage is obtained, and a regulation factor is determined based on the initial output power and target output power. The first duty cycle is corrected using the regulation factor to obtain the target duty cycle, and the target duty cycle is used for power regulation. That is, this application does not directly use the first duty cycle for power regulation, but instead uses the first regulation factor to correct the first duty cycle and uses the finally obtained target duty cycle for power regulation. Since the target duty cycle is determined based on the initial output power and target output power, the target duty cycle can match the degree of power regulation during power regulation, enabling rapid power regulation and improving power regulation efficiency.
[0088] Based on any of the above embodiments, since the control loop can be Figures 3-5 Any one of the options allows for multiple implementations of "determining the first adjustment factor based on the initial output power and the target output power, and using the first adjustment factor to correct the first duty cycle to obtain the target duty cycle," which will be described in detail below.
[0089] In one implementation, a first adjustment factor is determined based on the initial output power and the target output power, and the first duty cycle is corrected using the first adjustment factor to obtain the target duty cycle. This may include:
[0090] The ratio of the target output power to the initial output power is used as the first adjustment factor. If the first adjustment factor is not a preset value, the product of the first adjustment factor and the first duty cycle is used as the target duty cycle.
[0091] In this embodiment, the corresponding control loop can be referred to Figure 3 In this embodiment, K = target output power / initial output power. The target output power can be represented by Pref, and the initial output power can be represented by Po. By setting K as the ratio of the target output power to the initial output power, K can characterize the degree of power fluctuation. The greater the change in target output power relative to the initial output power, the greater the degree of fluctuation, and the larger K is; conversely, the smaller the change in target output power relative to the initial output power, the smaller the degree of fluctuation, and the smaller K is.
[0092] In real-world scenarios, due to power fluctuations, the target output power differs from the initial output power, and K is not a preset value. The preset value is set to one. In this case, the product of K and the first duty cycle Dctrl is the target duty cycle, which can be represented by Dk.
[0093] In this embodiment, a new first adjustment factor K is introduced into the original control loop. This first adjustment factor K is multiplied by the first duty cycle Dctrl output by the PID controller to obtain a new, almost abrupt, target duty cycle Dk. When the power abruptly increases, the first adjustment factor K is greater than 1, and the target duty cycle Dk will be greater than the first duty cycle Dctrl. That is, by increasing the value of the first duty cycle, a rapid abrupt change in power in the direction of increasing value is achieved. The same applies when the power abruptly decreases.
[0094] After obtaining the target duty cycle Dk, the target duty cycle Dk and the first duty cycle Dctrl are filtered through a conditional OR logic module to select the faster maximum duty cycle Dmax1.
[0095] The OR logic module operates as follows: it compares the Dctrl calculated directly by the PID controller with the target duty cycle Dk calculated by K to select the duty cycle that results in a faster power change rate. Taking a sudden decrease in output power as an example, K is not equal to 1. Due to the effect of K, Dk is much smaller than Dctrl. When K is not equal to 1, the OR logic module selects a smaller Dk as Dmax1, thus achieving a sudden decrease in output power. As time accumulates, Dk continues to play a role. Furthermore, due to the effect of the PID controller's integral term, Dctrl gradually decreases and approaches Dk. When the difference between Dctrl and Dk is no longer within an allowable error range Δ, K is reassigned to 1. At this point, the OR logic module selects Dctrl as the value of Dmax1, thus completing the re-takeover of the closed-loop PID controller.
[0096] As shown above, when power suddenly decreases, the logic module selects a smaller Dk to achieve the power reduction when K is not equal to 1. Similarly, when power suddenly increases, the logic module selects a larger Dk to achieve the power increase when K is not equal to 1, thus realizing rapid power adjustment.
[0097] This embodiment achieves automatic and seamless switching of the loop by adding an OR logic module, thus avoiding system oscillations caused by loop parameter switching.
[0098] In this embodiment, when a power regulation requirement arises, faster loop regulation is achieved by enabling K. Theoretically, power regulation can be achieved within the first loop cycle after enabling. Simultaneously, to achieve closed-loop takeover, this embodiment proposes a takeover mechanism: when Dctrl and Dk are close, the PID controller of the enabled loop continues to take over the calculation of the entire loop.
[0099] Based on the above embodiments, one implementation method for power regulation using a target duty cycle may include:
[0100] 1) During the power regulation operation based on the target duty cycle, obtain the second duty cycle determined based on the real-time voltage and the target voltage.
[0101] In real-world scenarios, for Figure 3 The control loop shown uses the target duty cycle Dk for power regulation after determining the target duty cycle Dk, until the difference between Dctrl and Dk is within an allowable error range Δ.
[0102] In one implementation, refer to Figure 6 Power regulation based on a target duty cycle can include:
[0103] S21. Based on the target duty cycle and the sinusoidal angle calculated by the phase-locked loop, the third duty cycle of the periodic transformation is calculated.
[0104] In specific implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, when K is not equal to 1, regardless of whether the power increases or decreases suddenly, Dk is selected as Dmax1. Taking a sudden decrease in power as an example, due to the effect of K, Dk is much smaller than Dctrl, or the logic module selects Dk as Dmax1 when K is not equal to 1, and then compares Dmax1 with the sinusoidal angle calculated by the phase-locked loop. sin value (i.e., sin Multiplying these two values yields the duty cycle, Duty, which varies with the sinusoidal period of the grid voltage. Duty can be referred to as the third duty cycle in the embodiments of this application.
[0105] S22. Using the third duty cycle, generate a PWM drive to drive the switching device.
[0106] In practice, the third duty cycle (Duty) is converted by the SPWM module to obtain a PWM drive that can be used to drive switching devices.
[0107] S23. Use PWM to drive the corresponding switching devices to achieve power regulation operation.
[0108] In practice, PWM is used to drive and control the switching devices to turn on and off. As the on / off state of the switches changes, the output power will change accordingly, thereby achieving power regulation.
[0109] In this embodiment, the logic module selects Dk as Dmax1 when K is not equal to 1. Compared with using Dctrl as Dmax1, when the power changes significantly, since Dk is much greater than or much less than Dmax1, using Dk can achieve power abrupt changes, thereby achieving the purpose of rapid power adjustment.
[0110] During power regulation using Dk Figure 3 The PID controller in the system will also run in real time, at which time it will acquire the real-time voltage value. The PID controller will determine a new Dctrl based on the real-time voltage and the target voltage. This new Dctrl can be called the second duty cycle.
[0111] It should be noted that during the determination of the second duty cycle, if the target output power remains unchanged, the value of K remains the same, and the power adjustment is still performed using the Dk calculated initially. If the target output power changes, the value of K changes accordingly, Dk is recalculated, and subsequent power adjustment operations are performed.
[0112] 2) When the difference between the second duty cycle and the target duty cycle is within the preset difference range, the power adjustment operation is performed using the second duty cycle until the output power is adjusted to the target output power and then stops.
[0113] After calculating the second duty cycle, the difference between the second duty cycle and the target duty cycle is calculated. If the difference is within the preset difference range, such as △ as mentioned above, according to the above discussion, the logic module will select the value of Dmax1 as Dctrl, that is, it will select the second duty cycle as Dmax1, and then use Dmax1 to perform subsequent power adjustment operations until the output power is adjusted to the target output power and then stops.
[0114] It should be noted that before selecting the second duty cycle as Dmax1, the same Dk will be used for power regulation.
[0115] To enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the embodiments of this application, the following is combined with... Figure 3 and Figure 7 Let me explain the operating logic of the control loop.
[0116] During the operation of the control loop, it continuously determines whether a power surge is needed. If a power surge is determined, the target output power after the surge is calculated. Based on the target output power and the initial output power, the first adjustment factor K is calculated. Based on K, the target duty cycle Dk required for the power surge can be calculated. Regardless of whether the power surge is sudden or sudden, K is not equal to 1. At this time, it can be determined that the conditional OR logic module needs to be enabled. At this time, the maximum duty cycle Dmax1 = Dk. This Dmax1 is output to the subsequent control module to form PWM drive. At the same time, since the PID controller is still calculating the required Dctrl towards the target output power, if the difference between the new Dctrl and the initial Dk falls within an allowable error range Δ, it is considered that the PID controller output has adjusted the duty cycle to the duty cycle required for the target output power. At this time, it is considered that the PID controller can take over the control loop. Therefore, K needs to be reassigned to 1. At this time, the conditional OR logic module does not need to play a filtering role. The output of the PID controller is the maximum duty cycle required by the control loop, that is, Dmax1 = the new Dctrl. If the difference is not within the error range, no human adjustment is needed. K and Dk remain unchanged from the original values obtained in the first calculation.
[0117] In one implementation, if it is determined that no power change is needed, the original loop chain is maintained, i.e., Dmax1=Dctrl.
[0118] This application presents a novel control loop and control logic, exhibiting superior adjustment speed and adaptability in the face of power surges, and is applicable to a wide range of scenarios. Taking inverters in photovoltaic systems or energy storage systems as examples, some scenarios require anti-reverse current strategies. However, existing inverters have relatively slow power regulation speeds. Based on the loop control method proposed in this application, when the system determines that a sudden power reduction is needed to achieve anti-reverse current effects based on external triggering conditions, the loop in this application can quickly adjust the power, reducing the duration of reverse current to its theoretical minimum. Furthermore, if the reverse current disappears and an increase in power is needed to ensure profitability based on external conditions, the loop in this application can also achieve a sudden power increase, which is faster than using MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) to slowly ramp up power.
[0119] The above embodiments are based on Figure 3 Based on the control loop in the code, in real-world scenarios, the control loop can also be used for... Figure 4 and Figure 5 At this point, a first adjustment factor is determined based on the initial output power and the target output power. The first duty cycle is then corrected using the first adjustment factor to obtain the target duty cycle, which may include:
[0120] Calculate the difference between the target output power and the initial output power, determine the first adjustment factor corresponding to the difference, and use the product of the first adjustment factor and the first duty cycle as the target duty cycle.
[0121] In specific implementation, in addition to calculating the first adjustment factor K value through the above-described method, the control method proposed in this application embodiment can also calculate K in real time through a feedforward channel, and filter out Dmax1 through the same conditional OR logic module. The specific control block diagram is as follows. Figure 4 As shown.
[0122] exist Figure 4 In the feedforward channel, another controller is introduced. To achieve rapid power regulation, this controller eliminates the integral stage; it can be a P controller or a PD controller. Figure 4 Let's take a PD controller as an example. By introducing a feedforward channel, the loop can achieve real-time response to the target output power.
[0123] When calculating K in real time using the feedforward channel, the difference between the target output power Pref and the initial output power Po is calculated. This difference is input into the PD controller to obtain the first adjustment factor K. Then, the product of K and the first duty cycle Dctrl is used as the target duty cycle Dk. Figure 5 The principle for calculating the first adjustment factor K is the same.
[0124] In this embodiment, when using Figure 4 and Figure 5 When the control loop in the middle performs power regulation, it is in conjunction with Figure 3 compared to, Figure 3 The first adjustment factor K is obtained through open-loop calculation based on the target output power. Before the difference between the new Dctrl and the initial Dk falls within an allowable error range Δ, the first adjustment factor K remains constant. Only when the target output power changes will the value of K be adjusted to respond promptly to changes in the target output power. When the target output power remains unchanged, even if the real-time output power changes and is no longer the initial output power, the value of K remains unchanged.
[0125] Figure 4 and Figure 5 The first adjustment factor K is determined through a feedforward closed loop. The PD controller can theoretically refresh the data every few switches, resulting in a faster response speed. This allows the first adjustment factor K and Dk to be refreshed in real time. The inclusion of the PD controller's feedforward closed loop ensures the system remains in a stable, real-time regulated state, enhancing its robustness. Furthermore, since the target output power and actual output power samples already exist, no new sampling costs are incurred.
[0126] Based on the above embodiments, referring to Figure 8 Power regulation operation using the target duty cycle includes:
[0127] S31. Perform power adjustment operation based on target duty cycle.
[0128] For the specific implementation of step S31, please refer to the corresponding description above.
[0129] S32. Determine the updated first duty cycle based on the real-time voltage, and determine the updated first adjustment factor based on the real-time output power.
[0130] In this embodiment, the PD controller and PID controller can theoretically refresh the switching times, so the K value and Dctrl are also updated in real time. The updated Dctrl value is called the updated first duty cycle, and the updated K is called the updated first adjustment factor.
[0131] In one implementation, real-time voltage and real-time output power can be acquired. An updated first duty cycle is determined based on the real-time voltage and target voltage. Specifically, the real-time voltage and target voltage are input into a PID controller to obtain the updated first duty cycle. Furthermore, an updated first regulation factor is determined based on the real-time output power and target output power. Specifically, the difference between the real-time output power and the target output power is calculated, and the difference is input into the PID controller to obtain the updated first regulation factor.
[0132] S33. The product of the updated first duty cycle and the updated first adjustment factor is taken as the new target duty cycle, and power adjustment operation is performed based on the new target duty cycle.
[0133] according to Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the updated first duty cycle (i.e., the updated Dctrl value) is multiplied by the updated first adjustment factor (i.e., the updated K) to obtain the new target duty cycle, i.e., the new Dk. Then, the power adjustment operation is performed using the new target duty cycle.
[0134] In real-world scenarios, control loops with PD controllers can be like... Figure 4 As shown, it can also be as follows Figure 5 As shown. Figure 5 and Figure 4 compared to, Figure 4 The OR logic module in this application is essentially a competition mechanism, using preset logic to ensure the competitive effect of two sets of parameters. Based on the feedforward channel, this embodiment can be configured with an OR logic module, specifically as follows: Figure 4 As shown, you can also omit the OR logic module, as detailed below. Figure 5 As shown. Figure 5 In this embodiment, after the OR logic module is removed, the parameters of the two sets of control outputs are essentially changed from a competition mechanism to a weighted effectiveness mechanism. Without the OR logic module, under steady-state conditions (i.e., no power surges), the loop's feedforward path also affects the output power, avoiding complex logic switching of the OR logic module. This ensures a fast response to output power while preventing any significant system state changes caused by switching the parameters of the two controllers, making the system a unified whole.
[0135] The aforementioned OR logic module can be referred to as the preset module in the embodiments of this application. The preset module is a module used to select one of the updated first duty cycle and the new target duty cycle for power adjustment operation.
[0136] against Figure 4 and Figure 5 These two control loops have different implementation processes when performing power regulation operations based on the new target duty cycle.
[0137] against Figure 4In this power regulation link configuration with a preset module (i.e., the aforementioned OR logic module), the OR logic module plays a selective role. If the difference between the new target duty cycle and the updated first duty cycle is within the preset difference range, then the updated first duty cycle is used for power regulation. If the difference between the new target duty cycle and the updated first duty cycle is not within the preset difference range, then the new target duty cycle is used for power regulation. That is, when the difference between the new Dctrl and the new Dk is less than the preset difference range, Dmax1 is set to the new Dctrl; when the difference between the new Dctrl and the new Dk is not within the preset difference range, Dmax1 is set to the new Dk. The specific implementation is... Figure 3 The implementation principle of the OR logic module is the same.
[0138] against Figure 5 In this case where the power regulation link is not configured with a preset module (i.e., the aforementioned OR logic module), the power regulation operation is performed directly using the new target duty cycle. Specifically, because Figure 5 If no logical module exists, the value of Dmax1 is directly the product of the new Dctrl and the new K, that is, the value is the new Dk.
[0139] S34. Determine whether the output power should be adjusted to the target output power; if yes, end; if no, return to step S32 until the output power is adjusted to the target output power.
[0140] In this embodiment, by introducing K into the loop, the loop adjustment speed is fast, and theoretically, it can achieve sudden increases and decreases in power compared to traditional control loops.
[0141] In addition, the new loop is simply an addition to the original loop without disrupting it, and the entire system still operates in a closed loop.
[0142] In addition, you can choose to set or not set the logic module according to actual needs to meet the needs of different scenarios.
[0143] Based on the embodiments of the power regulation method described above, another embodiment of this application provides a power regulation device, referring to... Figure 9 It can include:
[0144] The first acquisition module 11 is used to acquire the initial voltage and initial output power before power adjustment, and the target voltage and target output power after power adjustment, when there is a power adjustment requirement.
[0145] The second acquisition module 12 is used to acquire the first duty cycle determined based on the initial voltage and the target voltage;
[0146] Calculation module 13 is used to determine a first adjustment factor based on the initial output power and the target output power, and to use the first adjustment factor to correct the first duty cycle to obtain the target duty cycle;
[0147] The adjustment module 14 is used to perform power adjustment operation using the target duty cycle.
[0148] In one implementation, the calculation module 13 includes:
[0149] The first calculation submodule is used to use the ratio of the target output power to the initial output power as the first adjustment factor;
[0150] The second calculation submodule is used to take the product of the first adjustment factor and the first duty cycle as the target duty cycle when the first adjustment factor is not a preset value.
[0151] In one implementation, the adjustment module 14 includes:
[0152] The acquisition submodule is used to acquire a second duty cycle determined based on the real-time voltage and the target voltage during the power regulation operation based on the target duty cycle.
[0153] The first adjustment submodule is used to perform power adjustment operation using the second duty cycle when the difference between the second duty cycle and the target duty cycle is within a preset difference range, until the output power is adjusted to the target output power and then stops.
[0154] In one implementation, obtaining the submodule includes:
[0155] The calculation unit is used to calculate the third duty cycle of the periodic transformation based on the target duty cycle and the sinusoidal angle calculated by the phase-locked loop.
[0156] The generation unit is used to generate a PWM drive for driving the switching device using a third duty cycle;
[0157] The drive unit is used to drive the corresponding switching devices using PWM to achieve power regulation operation.
[0158] In one implementation, the calculation module 13 includes:
[0159] The third calculation submodule is used to calculate the difference between the target output power and the initial output power;
[0160] The factor determination submodule is used to determine the first adjustment factor corresponding to the difference;
[0161] The fourth calculation submodule is used to take the product of the first adjustment factor and the first duty cycle as the target duty cycle.
[0162] In one implementation, the adjustment module 14 includes:
[0163] The data determination submodule is used to determine the updated first duty cycle based on the real-time voltage and the updated first adjustment factor based on the real-time output power during the power adjustment operation based on the target duty cycle.
[0164] The second adjustment submodule is used to take the product of the updated first duty cycle and the updated first adjustment factor as the new target duty cycle, perform power adjustment operation based on the new target duty cycle, return to the steps of determining the updated first duty cycle based on real-time voltage and determining the updated first adjustment factor based on real-time output power, and execute them sequentially until the output power is adjusted to the target output power and then stops.
[0165] In one implementation, the data determination submodule is specifically used for:
[0166] The system acquires real-time voltage and real-time output power, determines the updated first duty cycle based on the real-time voltage and target voltage, and determines the updated first adjustment factor based on the real-time output power and target output power.
[0167] In one implementation, the second adjustment submodule includes:
[0168] The first adjustment unit is configured to, when a preset module is configured in the power adjustment link, perform power adjustment operation using the updated first duty cycle if the difference between the new target duty cycle and the updated first duty cycle is within a preset difference range; or, if the difference between the new target duty cycle and the updated first duty cycle is not within the preset difference range, perform power adjustment operation using the new target duty cycle; the preset module is a module used to select one of the updated first duty cycle and the new target duty cycle for power adjustment operation.
[0169] The second adjustment unit is used to perform power adjustment operation using a new target duty cycle when the power adjustment link is not configured with a preset module.
[0170] In this embodiment, when power regulation is required, the initial voltage and initial output power before power regulation are obtained, and the target voltage and target output power after power regulation are obtained. A first duty cycle determined based on the initial voltage and target voltage is obtained, and a regulation factor is determined based on the initial output power and target output power. The first duty cycle is corrected using the regulation factor to obtain the target duty cycle, and the target duty cycle is used for power regulation. That is, this application does not directly use the first duty cycle for power regulation, but instead uses the first regulation factor to correct the first duty cycle and uses the finally obtained target duty cycle for power regulation. Since the target duty cycle is determined based on the initial output power and target output power, the target duty cycle can match the degree of power regulation during power regulation, enabling rapid power regulation and improving power regulation efficiency.
[0171] It should be noted that the working process of each module, submodule and unit in this embodiment is described in the corresponding description in the above embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
[0172] Based on the above embodiments, one embodiment of this application provides a power regulation device, including at least one processor and a memory connected to the processor, wherein:
[0173] Memory is used to store computer programs;
[0174] The processor is used to execute computer programs so that the power regulation device can implement the power regulation method described above.
[0175] This application also provides a computer program product including computer-readable instructions, which, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to implement any of the power regulation methods provided in this application.
[0176] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium carrying one or more computer programs. When the one or more computer programs are executed by an electronic device, the electronic device can implement any of the power regulation methods provided in this application.
[0177] It should also be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. In addition, in the device embodiment drawings provided in this application, the connection relationship between modules indicates that they have a communication connection, which can be implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines.
[0178] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that this application can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware, or it can be implemented by special-purpose hardware including application-specific integrated circuits, special-purpose CPUs, special-purpose memory, special-purpose components, etc. Generally, any function performed by a computer program can be easily implemented by corresponding hardware, and the specific hardware structure used to implement the same function can also be diverse, such as analog circuits, digital circuits, or special-purpose circuits. However, for this application, software program implementation is more often the preferred implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a readable storage medium, such as a computer floppy disk, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, or optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, training equipment, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.
[0179] In the above embodiments, the implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product.
[0180] The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, training device, or data center to another website, computer, training device, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can store or a data storage device such as a training device or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., DVDs), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state drives (SSDs)).
Claims
1. A power regulation method, characterized in that, include: When power regulation is required, obtain the initial voltage and initial output power before power regulation, and obtain the target voltage and target output power after power regulation; Obtain a first duty cycle determined based on the initial voltage and the target voltage; A first adjustment factor is determined based on the initial output power and the target output power, and the first duty cycle is corrected using the first adjustment factor to obtain the target duty cycle. Power regulation is performed using the target duty cycle.
2. The power regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first adjustment factor is determined based on the initial output power and the target output power. The first duty cycle is then corrected using the first adjustment factor to obtain the target duty cycle, including: The ratio of the target output power to the initial output power is used as the first adjustment factor; If the first adjustment factor is not a preset value, the product of the first adjustment factor and the first duty cycle is used as the target duty cycle.
3. The power regulation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Power regulation operation using the target duty cycle includes: During the power regulation operation based on the target duty cycle, a second duty cycle determined based on the real-time voltage and the target voltage is obtained; When the difference between the second duty cycle and the target duty cycle is within a preset difference range, the power adjustment operation is performed using the second duty cycle until the output power is adjusted to the target output power and then stops.
4. The power regulation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Power regulation operation based on the target duty cycle includes: Based on the target duty cycle and the sinusoidal angle calculated by the phase-locked loop, the third duty cycle of the periodic transformation is calculated. Using the third duty cycle, a pulse width modulation (PWM) driver is generated to drive the switching device; The PWM driver is used to drive the corresponding switching devices to achieve power regulation.
5. The power regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first adjustment factor is determined based on the initial output power and the target output power. The first duty cycle is then corrected using the first adjustment factor to obtain the target duty cycle, including: Calculate the difference between the target output power and the initial output power; Determine the first adjustment factor corresponding to the difference; The product of the first adjustment factor and the first duty cycle is used as the target duty cycle.
6. The power regulation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Power regulation operation using the target duty cycle includes: During the power regulation operation based on the target duty cycle, the updated first duty cycle is determined based on the real-time voltage, and the updated first regulation factor is determined based on the real-time output power. The product of the updated first duty cycle and the updated first adjustment factor is used as the new target duty cycle. Power adjustment operation is performed based on the new target duty cycle. The steps of determining the updated first duty cycle based on real-time voltage and determining the updated first adjustment factor based on real-time output power are returned and executed sequentially until the output power is adjusted to the target output power.
7. The power regulation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The updated first duty cycle is determined based on the real-time voltage, and the updated first adjustment factor is determined based on the real-time output power, including: Obtain real-time voltage and real-time output power; The updated first duty cycle is determined based on the real-time voltage and the target voltage; Based on the real-time output power and the target output power, the updated first adjustment factor is determined.
8. The power regulation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Power regulation based on the new target duty cycle includes: When a preset module is configured in the power regulation link, if the difference between the new target duty cycle and the updated first duty cycle is within a preset difference range, then the updated first duty cycle is used for power regulation; or, if the difference between the new target duty cycle and the updated first duty cycle is not within the preset difference range, then the new target duty cycle is used for power regulation; the preset module is a module used to select one of the updated first duty cycle and the new target duty cycle for power regulation. In the absence of a preset module in the power regulation link, power regulation is performed using the new target duty cycle.
9. A power regulation device, characterized in that, include: The first acquisition module is used to acquire the initial voltage and initial output power before power adjustment, and the target voltage and target output power after power adjustment, when there is a power adjustment requirement. The second acquisition module is used to acquire a first duty cycle determined based on the initial voltage and the target voltage; The calculation module is used to determine a first adjustment factor based on the initial output power and the target output power, and to use the first adjustment factor to correct the first duty cycle to obtain the target duty cycle. The adjustment module is used to perform power adjustment operations using the target duty cycle.
10. A power regulation device, characterized in that, It includes at least one processor and a memory connected to the processor, wherein: The memory is used to store computer programs; The processor is used to execute the computer program to enable the power regulation device to implement the power regulation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.