Coil unit, coil module and stellarator magnet for a stellarator magnet

Abstract

The application discloses a coil unit for a stellarator magnet, a coil module and the stellarator magnet. The coil unit comprises a first special-shaped coil and a second special-shaped coil which are oppositely arranged along the axial direction of the coil unit, a flexible connecting assembly and a rigid connecting assembly are arranged between the first special-shaped coil and the second special-shaped coil, and the coil unit is supported by a flexible supporting assembly. In this way, the first special-shaped coil and the second special-shaped coil are connected by the flexible connecting assembly and the rigid connecting assembly at the same time, the rigid connecting assembly can provide structural support for the two coils, the flexible connecting assembly can adapt to the deformation of the two coils, and the flexible supporting assembly can enable the coil unit to move in the radial direction of the coil unit relative to a central connecting component. When applied to the stellarator magnet, the coil unit can compensate in multiple degrees of freedom, so that the stellarator magnet can simultaneously have the advantages of reliable support and deformation adaptation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of stellarator nuclear fusion technology, and in particular to a stellarator coil unit and coil module for stellarator magnets. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of nuclear fusion research, stellarators, as an important magnetic confinement fusion device, rely on the complex magnetic field generated by three-dimensional coils to confine plasma. The design and manufacture of the stellarator's three-dimensional coils are one of the key aspects of the fusion device. Due to the complex structure and unique spatial shape of the stellarator's three-dimensional coils, their irregular twisted spatial structure causes adjacent coils to be non-parallel and exhibit multi-degree-of-freedom irregular changes. Adjacent coils are connected by connecting components, and during operation, a single coil of the stellarator withstands meganewton-level dynamic electromagnetic forces. The supporting connections between the coils become a key factor affecting the stability and operating efficiency of the device.

[0003] However, the existing connection structure between the three-dimensional coils of stellarators cannot meet the connection requirements. For example, when the magnet is running, it will be subjected to multi-physics forces and nonlinear and asymmetric forces, which will cause phenomena such as attraction, repulsion, torsion, bending and contraction between coil components. The existing connection structure cannot adapt to the deformation generated by the coil during operation, which can easily lead to stress concentration or even damage to the coil. Moreover, when the existing connection structure is connected to the coil, it cannot adapt to the complex surface structure of the coil and the assembly is difficult.

[0004] Therefore, the coils of stellarators in the prior art have problems such as difficulty in assembly and easy damage to the connection structure during use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to solve the problems of difficult assembly of the coils in existing stellarators and easy damage to the connection structure during use.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a coil unit for a stellarator magnet, comprising a first irregularly shaped coil and a second irregularly shaped coil arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the coil unit, wherein at least one of the first irregularly shaped coil and the second irregularly shaped coil is a non-planar irregularly shaped coil; furthermore, the first surfaces of the first irregularly shaped coil and the second irregularly shaped coil are arranged opposite to each other, and a gap is formed between them, the gap comprising at least one first region and at least one second region arranged circumferentially on the coil unit, the width of the first region being less than a preset distance threshold, and the width of the second region being greater than the distance threshold; wherein, at least a portion of the first region of the gap is provided with an elastic connecting component, and one end of each elastic connecting component is fixed along the axial direction of the coil unit. A first surface of a first irregular coil located in a first region is connected to the first surface of a second irregular coil located in the first region, and the other end of the elastic connecting component is fixedly connected to the first surface of a second irregular coil located in the first region. The elastic connecting component is configured to allow the first irregular coil and the second irregular coil located in the corresponding first region to move relative to each other in the axial and radial directions of the coil unit. A rigid connecting component is provided in at least a portion of the second region of the gap. In the axial direction of the coil unit, one end of each rigid connecting component is fixedly connected to the first surface of the first irregular coil located in the second region, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first surface of the second irregular coil located in the second region. The rigid connecting component is configured to allow the first irregular coil and the second irregular coil located in the corresponding second region to be relatively fixed.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the coil unit provided in this application has multiple gap regions formed by the first irregular coil and the second irregular coil, namely, at least one first region and at least one second region arranged circumferentially in the coil unit; and elastic connecting components are provided in at least a portion of the first region and rigid connecting components are provided in at least a portion of the second region. In this way, the first irregular coil and the second irregular coil are connected by both elastic connecting components and rigid connecting components. The rigid connecting components can provide structural support for the two coils, and the elastic connecting components can adapt to the deformation of the two coils. Thus, the first irregular coil and the second irregular coil can compensate for deformation caused by phenomena such as attraction, repulsion, torsion, bending, and contraction by multi-angle and multi-degree-of-freedom displacement, reducing the risk of rigid impact damage to the connection structure. This allows the coil unit to simultaneously take into account the advantages of reliable support and deformation adaptability.

[0008] Furthermore, in the circumferential gap between the first and second irregularly shaped coils, the width of the first region is less than a preset distance threshold, while the width of the second region is greater than the distance threshold. That is, the elastic connecting component is connected to a position relatively close to the first and second irregularly shaped coils; the rigid connecting component is connected to a position relatively far from the first and second irregularly shaped coils. Because the elastic connecting component absorbs the deformation of the coils caused by electromagnetic forces at the closer width position using its axial and radial mobility, stress concentration is avoided; while the rigid connecting component fixes and constrains the two coils at the wider width position, maintaining the overall coil structure. This allows the overall coil structure to deform or undergo minor displacement deviations under stress during use, without affecting the coil unit's performance due to excessive torsion. Simultaneously, the small gap design in the first region accommodates non-planar contact on the coil surface, reducing assembly difficulty.

[0009] According to the coil unit for a stellarator magnet provided in this application, the elastic connection assembly includes a first connecting member, an elastic buffer member, and a second connecting member arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the elastic connection assembly; wherein, the end of the first connecting member away from the second connecting member is connected to a first surface of a first irregular coil located in a first region, and the end of the second connecting member away from the first connecting member is connected to a first surface of a second irregular coil located in the first region; the ends of the first connecting member and the second connecting member that are close to each other are interlocked and a movable space is formed between them; the elastic buffer member is disposed in the movable space and abuts against the ends of the first connecting member and the second connecting member that are close to each other; wherein, the elastic buffer member is configured to allow the first connecting member and the second connecting member to move relative to each other in the axial and radial directions of the elastic connection assembly, thereby allowing the first irregular coil and the second irregular coil located in the corresponding first region to move relative to each other in the axial and radial directions of the coil unit.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the elastic connection assembly includes a first connecting component, an elastic buffer component, and a second connecting component arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the elastic connection assembly. When connected between the first irregular coil and the second irregular coil, the first connecting component and the second connecting component are respectively fixed to the corresponding surfaces of the two irregular coils. Furthermore, since the interlocking ends of the first connecting component and the second connecting component form a movable space, this movable space provides space for the elastic buffer component to accommodate and deform. The elastic buffer component is disposed within the movable space and abuts against both ends, absorbing axial and radial displacement stress through its elastic properties. In this technical solution, the interlocking structure of the first connecting component and the second connecting component not only ensures connection stability but also limits the displacement range through the movable space, avoiding excessive deformation. The configuration of the elastic buffer component allows the two connecting components to move relative to each other in both the axial and radial directions, thereby transforming the rigid connection between the coils into an elastic connection, dispersing the dynamic load between the first irregular coil and the second irregular coil, and reducing the risk of stress concentration.

[0011] According to the coil unit for stellarator magnets provided in this application, the elastic buffer component includes a floating component, an axial elastic component, and a circumferential elastic component; wherein, the floating component is movably disposed in the movable space along the axial and radial directions of the elastic connecting assembly, the axial elastic component is pressed between the first connecting component and the second connecting component in the axial direction of the elastic connecting assembly, and the circumferential elastic component has a ring structure and is sleeved between the outer peripheral wall of the floating component and the inner wall of the movable space.

[0012] By employing the above technical solution, the elastic buffer component is configured to include a floating component, an axial elastic component, and a circumferential elastic component. When the coil unit undergoes axial deformation, the floating component generates axial displacement within the movable space, and the axial elastic component absorbs the axial load through compressive deformation. When the coil unit experiences radial displacement, the floating component drives the circumferential elastic component to generate radial deformation, absorbing the radial force through the bending deformation of the elastic arm. When the coil unit experiences circumferential torsion, the circumferential elastic component, due to its ring-shaped structure, can undergo uniform elastic deformation to avoid localized stress concentration. This structure allows the coil unit to generate controllable deformation in three-dimensional space. Furthermore, the clearance fit between the floating component and the movable space reduces the assembly precision requirements, and the ring-shaped sleeve arrangement of the circumferential elastic component simplifies the installation process through uniform radial force distribution.

[0013] According to the coil unit for a stellarator magnet provided in this application, the first connecting component is configured as a guide ring, and the second connecting component is configured as a support base; wherein, the end of the support base away from the guide ring is fixed to the position of the second irregular coil located in the first region, and the end of the support base near the guide ring forms a groove as a movable space, and the floating component is configured as a floating slider, which is movably disposed in the groove; the end of the guide ring near the support base is sleeved on the outside of the support base, and the end of the guide ring away from the support base abuts against the position of the first irregular coil located in the first region; and the axial elastic component is disposed in the guide ring and is pressed axially between the end face of the support base and the inner end face of the guide ring in the axial direction of the elastic connecting component, and the circumferential elastic component is sleeved between the outer peripheral wall of the floating slider and the inner wall of the groove.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, since the first connecting component is set as a guide ring and the second connecting component is set as a support base, the nested structure of the guide ring and the support base can realize multi-degree-of-freedom deformation of the elastic connecting component. Furthermore, the support base is designed with a grooved structure, and a floating slider is set within it, allowing the floating slider to move axially and radially within the groove, thereby absorbing the dynamic stress during coil unit operation. The structure of the guide ring sleeved outside the support base not only limits the amplitude of radial displacement but also achieves axial buffering through the axial elastic member between its inner end face and the end face of the support base. The circumferential elastic member is sleeved between the floating slider and the inner wall of the groove, absorbing circumferential shear force through annular elastic deformation. The support base and the second irregular coil are fixed by a welding method where the boss is embedded in the second recess, ensuring connection strength while adapting to the curved surface structure of the non-planar coil.

[0015] According to the coil unit for a stellarator magnet provided in this application, the axial elastic member is configured as a wave spring, which includes a washer and a wave spring adapted to the washer; wherein, the end of the support base forms an annular stepped surface, the washer is sleeved and installed on the annular stepped surface, and the washer has a planar support structure facing the guide ring, the wave spring is disposed in the guide ring and sandwiched between the planar support structure and the inner end face of the guide ring, and the annular wall of the wave spring has a concave-convex structure along its circumference; the circumferential elastic member is configured as an outward spring, which includes two support rings spaced apart along its axial direction and an elastic arm connected between the two support rings, the elastic arm along the support ring... The structure is radially convex. The outer peripheral wall of the floating slider has a protrusion that matches the convex structure. The outward spring is nested in the protrusion of the outer peripheral wall of the floating slider and is elastically pressed between the inner wall surfaces of the groove. Furthermore, the first irregular coil has a first recess that matches the guide ring at the position of the first region. The end of the guide ring away from the support is embedded in the first recess and abuts against the inner wall of the first recess. The end of the support away from the guide ring has a boss structure. The second irregular coil has a second recess that matches the boss structure at the position of the first region. The boss structure is embedded in the second recess, and the stepped surface of the boss structure is welded and fixed to the outer top surface of the second recess.

[0016] By employing the above technical solution, the axial elastic component is set as a wave spring. The concave-convex ring wall structure of the wave spring generates a nonlinear elastic response when axially compressed, which can adapt to axial displacements of different amplitudes. Simultaneously, the planar support structure, through the cooperation of the shims and the annular stepped surface, ensures that the wave spring maintains uniform force during compression, avoiding localized stress concentration. The elastic arm of the outward-extending spring and the outward-convex structure are nested between the floating slider and the groove. The radial outward deformation of the elastic arm can absorb circumferential shear force, allowing the floating slider to slide slightly within the groove, thereby releasing the radial displacement constraint of the coil. The embedded fit between the first recess and the guide ring, and the nested welding between the second recess and the boss structure, improve assembly positioning accuracy through a mechanical interlocking structure. At the same time, while ensuring connection strength, it allows the coil to retain deformation freedom in non-welded areas.

[0017] According to the coil unit for stellarator magnets provided in this application, at least the inner diameter of the guide ring near the support is 2 mm to 4 mm larger than the outer diameter of the support.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, and limiting the radial gap between the guide ring and the support base to 2mm to 4mm, assembly difficulties or restricted freedom of movement caused by an excessively small gap are avoided, while insufficient structural rigidity or component wear caused by an excessively large gap is prevented. This gap range allows the elastic buffer component to achieve buffering through the relative displacement between the guide ring and the support base when subjected to axial force, while allowing the floating slider to make a moderate offset within the groove when subjected to radial force, thereby adapting to the asymmetric dynamic load generated during the operation of the coil unit. In addition, this gap range also ensures that the circumferential elastic member forms an effective constraint between the floating slider and the inner wall of the groove, preventing excessive deformation and failure of the elastic arm due to an excessively large gap.

[0019] According to the coil unit for stellarator magnets provided in this application, the rigid connection assembly includes a first connecting seat, a second connecting seat, and an intermediate connecting member arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the rigid connection assembly; the intermediate connecting member is configured as a tubular structure extending along the axial direction of the rigid connection assembly, and both ends of the intermediate connecting member are fixedly connected to the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat, respectively; the end of the first connecting seat away from the intermediate connecting member is fixedly connected to the position of the first irregular coil located in the second region, and the end of the second connecting seat away from the intermediate connecting member is fixedly connected to the position of the second irregular coil located in the second region.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the rigid connection assembly is configured to include a first connecting seat, a second connecting seat, and an intermediate connecting member arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the rigid connection assembly. When connecting the rigid connection assembly, the first connecting seat can be fixedly connected to the first irregular coil, the second connecting seat can be fixedly connected to the second irregular coil, and the intermediate connecting member can be fixedly connected between the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat, thereby realizing the assembly of the rigid connection assembly. In this way, even when the connection position between the first irregular coil and the second irregular coil is non-planar, only the structure of the intermediate connecting member needs to be adjusted to make the rigid connection assembly adapt to the structure of the two coils, which makes the assembly of the rigid connection assembly easier.

[0021] According to the coil unit for stellarator magnets provided in this application, the intermediate connecting member includes a first half-box and a second half-box extending axially along the rigid connecting assembly. The first half-box and the second half-box are radially butted and welded together along the rigid connecting assembly. The two ends of the intermediate connecting member are respectively welded to a first connecting seat and a second connecting seat. The end of the first connecting seat away from the intermediate connecting member is welded to the position of the first irregular coil located in the second region. The second connecting seat away from the intermediate connecting member is welded to the position of the second irregular coil located in the second region.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, modular assembly of rigid connection components is achieved by using a split half-box welding method for the intermediate connecting component. That is, the first half-box and the second half-box are welded together radially. The split half-box design allows for segmented installation in a narrow space, enabling the overall tubular component of the intermediate connecting component to be assembled in complex three-dimensional coil layouts. It also simplifies the processing difficulty of complex curved surface structures, adapts to irregular coil surface shapes, and reduces assembly accuracy requirements.

[0023] According to the coil unit for stellarator magnet provided in this application, a plurality of elastic connecting components are provided in all first regions of the gap, and the plurality of elastic connecting components are spaced apart circumferentially along the coil unit; a plurality of rigid connecting components are provided in all second regions of the gap, and the plurality of rigid connecting components are spaced apart circumferentially along the coil unit; in the first region, the angle between the tangent plane of the first surface of the first irregular coil and the tangent plane of the first surface of the second irregular coil is greater than a preset angle threshold.

[0024] By employing the above technical solution, multiple elastic connecting components are arranged circumferentially in the first region, enabling the coil unit to achieve local deformation self-adaptation under dynamic loads through multi-point distributed elastic connections, thus avoiding stress concentration. Simultaneously, multiple rigid connecting components are arranged circumferentially in the second region, ensuring the overall structural stability of the coil unit. By limiting the included angle between the tangent planes of the two irregularly shaped coils in the first region to a threshold angle, even if the inclination angle of the connection surface at the connection point of the first and second irregularly shaped coils is too large, the elastic connecting components, due to their deformation capability, can adapt to such a large-angle inclination without altering their own structure, further reducing the assembly difficulty of the coil unit.

[0025] According to the coil unit for stellarator magnets provided in this application, the distance threshold is set to 10cm to 30cm, and the angle threshold is set to 40° to 150°.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, setting the distance threshold to 10cm to 30cm ensures the deformation capability of the elastic connection component in the small gap area while preventing excessive deformation of the elastic connection component from affecting the performance of the first and second irregularly shaped coils. Setting the angle threshold to 40° to 150° ensures that the elastic connection component is only used when the tilt angle of the connection surface at the connection point of the first and second irregularly shaped coils is too large; otherwise, a rigid connection can be maintained in the near-parallel area of ​​the connection surface. This not only allows the coil unit to have a small range of adaptive deformation capability without losing sufficient rigid support, thus improving the performance of the coil unit while reducing its assembly difficulty.

[0027] This application also provides a coil module for a stellarator magnet, including a central connecting component and a coil unit for a stellarator magnet with the above-described structure. The central connecting component is disposed radially outside one side of the coil unit, and the coil unit is mounted on the central connecting component.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the coil module provided in this application includes a coil unit with the above structure. The coil unit is connected by two types of connection components: an elastic connection component and a rigid connection component. The rigid connection component can provide structural support for the two coils, and the elastic connection component can adapt to the deformation of the two coils, so that the coil unit can simultaneously take into account the advantages of reliable support and deformation adaptability.

[0029] According to the coil module for stellarator magnets provided in this application, the coil module further includes at least one elastic support component, which is disposed between the coil unit and the central connecting component on the side of the coil unit near the central connecting component. Each elastic support component has its two ends connected to the coil unit and the central connecting component, respectively, so that the coil unit is mounted on the central connecting component via at least one elastic support component. At least one elastic support component is configured to allow the coil unit to move radially relative to the central connecting component.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the coil module provided in this application provides at least one elastic support component between the central connecting component and the coil unit. Since the elastic support component allows the coil unit to move radially relative to the central connecting component, when the stellarator is working, even if the coil unit tends to move radially due to electromagnetic force, the elastic characteristics of the elastic support component can buffer the coil in the coil unit, thereby mitigating the risk of damage to the support structure caused by force concentration on the coil unit.

[0031] According to the coil module for stellarator magnets provided in this application, the elastic support assembly includes a mounting base, a connecting block, an elastic component, and an annular circumferential limiting component; wherein, one end of the mounting base is fixedly connected to the central connecting component, one end of the connecting block is fixedly connected to the coil unit, and the other end of the connecting block is abutted against the other end of the mounting base; and the elastic component is elastically pressed between the other end of the connecting block and the other end of the mounting base, and the annular circumferential limiting component is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the connection area between the connecting block and the mounting base.

[0032] Using the above technical solution, the elastic component is elastically pressed between the other end of the connecting block and the other end of the mounting base. When the stellarator operates, the radial force on the coil unit is transmitted to the connecting block. Due to the elastic properties of the elastic component, it deforms to absorb and buffer the force. Furthermore, the annular circumferential limiting component is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the connection area between the connecting block and the mounting base, which can limit the relative movement of the connecting block and the mounting base in the circumferential direction. This avoids unnecessary circumferential displacement of the connecting block and the mounting base due to other factors (such as vibration, minor unbalanced forces, etc.) during the radial buffering process.

[0033] According to the coil module for stellarator magnets provided in this application, the annular circumferential limiting component includes a first reinforcing ring fixedly connected to the mounting base, a second reinforcing ring fixedly connected to the connecting block, and a central connecting ring sleeved at the connection between the connecting block and the mounting base and located between the first and second reinforcing rings; wherein, one end of the central connecting ring is fixedly connected to the first reinforcing ring, and the other end forms an inclined guide structure with the second reinforcing ring, and the other end of the central connecting ring is connected to the second reinforcing ring through the inclined guide structure.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the annular circumferential limiting component, through the inclined guiding structure of the first reinforcing ring, the second reinforcing ring, and the central connecting ring, not only limits the displacement amplitude but also disperses shear stress through the inclined contact surface. Furthermore, during installation, each part of the annular circumferential limiting component can be assembled individually, making operation more convenient.

[0035] According to the coil module for stellarator magnet provided in this application, the elastic support assembly further includes an axial fastening component, which includes a plurality of connecting bolts arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the coil module. Each connecting bolt passes through the mounting base from the end away from the connecting block and is threaded to the connecting block. A disc spring component is clamped between the nut of the connecting bolt and the end face of the mounting base away from the connecting block.

[0036] The above technical solution uses a connecting bolt with a disc spring for the axial fastening component. A disc spring component is clamped between the nut of the connecting bolt and the end face of the mounting base away from the connecting block. This can resist axial impact loads and absorb the torsional deformation energy of the coil.

[0037] According to the coil module for stellarator magnets provided in this application, the disc spring component includes multiple disc springs stacked on top of each other and facing opposite directions.

[0038] According to the coil module for stellarator magnet provided in this application, the central connecting component is configured as a block structure, and a connecting hole adapted to the mounting base is formed on the central connecting component. The end of the mounting base away from the connecting block is disposed in the connecting hole and welded to the inner wall of the connecting hole; and the connecting block is welded to the coil unit.

[0039] By adopting the above technical solution, by setting a connection hole on the central connecting component and placing the end of the mounting base away from the connecting block in the connection hole, the mounting base can be welded to the central connecting component in a fitting manner, resulting in better connection stability.

[0040] According to the coil module for stellarator magnets provided in this application, a first irregular coil is connected to the central connecting component via an elastic support component on the side near the central connecting component; a second irregular coil is connected to the central connecting component via an elastic support component on the side near the central connecting component; and a coil unit has a rigid connecting component on the side near the central connecting component, with an elastic support component connected between the rigid connecting component and the central connecting component.

[0041] By adopting the above technical solution, not only are elastic support components set between the first irregular coil and the central connecting component and between the second irregular coil and the central connecting component, but also elastic support components are connected between the rigid connecting component between the coil units and the central connecting component. This allows the coil units to be supported at multiple points, which not only provides good support stability, but also provides support points between adjacent coils, resulting in a more balanced support force.

[0042] This application also provides a stellarator magnet, comprising a plurality of coil modules of the above-described structure arranged in a ring for stellarator magnets.

[0043] The above technical solution constructs a stellarator magnet by arranging multiple coil modules in a ring. Each coil module is connected to a central connecting component using an elastic support assembly, enabling deformation adaptation and stress dispersion under dynamic electromagnetic forces. The central connecting component serves as a fixed support foundation, connected to the coil units via the elastic support assembly, allowing the coil units to move radially relative to each other. This mitigates multi-degree-of-freedom deformation caused by electromagnetic forces and avoids stress concentration caused by rigid connections. Furthermore, by setting multiple elastic support assemblies between the coil units and the central connecting component, a distributed support structure is formed, ensuring the connection stability of the coil units while reducing assembly difficulty. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coil module for a stellarator magnet provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 2 An exploded structural diagram of the elastic connection component in the coil module for a stellarator magnet provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the connection between the elastic connection component and the coil in the coil module for a stellarator magnet provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 4 A partial cross-sectional view of the connection between the elastic connection component and the coil in the coil module for a stellarator magnet provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rigid connection assembly in the coil module for a stellarator magnet provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the connection structure between the elastic support component, the central connecting component, and the coil unit in the coil module for a stellarator magnet provided in this embodiment of the application;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a stellarator magnet provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0052] 10. Coil module;

[0053] 100. Coil unit; 101. First region; 102. Second region;

[0054] 110. First irregularly shaped coil; 111. First surface of the first irregularly shaped coil; 120. Second irregularly shaped coil; 121. First surface of the second irregularly shaped coil;

[0055] 200. Flexible connection components;

[0056] 210. First connecting component; 220. Second connecting component; 212. Movable space; 230. Elastic buffer component; 231. Floating component; 232. Axial elastic component; 2321. Gasket; 2322. Waveform spring; 233. Circumferential elastic component;

[0057] 300. Rigid connection components;

[0058] 310. First connecting seat; 320. Second connecting seat; 330. Intermediate connecting component; 331. First half-box; 332. Second half-box;

[0059] 400. Central connecting component;

[0060] 500. Flexible support components;

[0061] 510. Mounting base; 520. Connecting block; 530. Elastic component; 540. Circumferential limiting component; 541. First reinforcing ring; 542. Second reinforcing ring; 543. Central connecting ring; 550. Axial fastening component; 551. Connecting bolt; 552. Disc spring component. Detailed Implementation

[0062] In existing technologies, the connection structure between the three-dimensional coils of a stellarator cannot adapt to the multi-degree-of-freedom deformation caused by dynamic electromagnetic forces, leading to stress concentration and damage between coil components. Existing connection methods are ill-suited to handling complex deformations such as attraction, repulsion, and torsion caused by electromagnetic forces on the coils, and cannot accommodate the non-planar contact patterns on the coil surfaces, resulting in assembly difficulties.

[0063] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a coil unit for a stellarator magnet. The coil unit comprises a first irregularly shaped coil and a second irregularly shaped coil, axially spaced apart, connected by an elastic connecting component at the narrower position and a rigid connecting component at the wider position. The rigid connecting component provides structural support for the two coils, while the elastic connecting component accommodates the deformation of the two coils. This allows the coil unit to deform or undergo minor displacement under stress during use, avoiding localized stress concentration caused by the rigid connection and reducing the risk of damage, while also preventing excessive torsion from affecting the coil unit's performance. Furthermore, the elastic connecting component can accommodate non-planar contact on the coil surfaces, reducing assembly difficulty.

[0064] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0065] Please see Figure 1 The coil unit 100 for stellarator magnet provided in this application includes a first irregular coil 110 and a second irregular coil 120 arranged at relative intervals along the axial direction of the coil unit 100, and at least one of the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120 is a non-planar irregular coil.

[0066] Specifically, the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120 can both be configured as non-planar irregular coils, or one of the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120 can be configured as a non-planar irregular coil and the other as a planar irregular coil. A non-planar irregular coil refers to a coil with a three-dimensional spatial torsion structure, such as a spiral or wavy cross-section design, which can adapt to the complex shape of the stellarator's magnetic field.

[0067] Please see Figure 1 When the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120 are connected, the first surface 111 of the first irregular coil and the first surface 121 of the second irregular coil are arranged opposite to each other and a gap is formed between them. The gap can be an annular gap and includes at least one first region 101 and at least one second region 102 arranged in the circumferential direction of the coil unit 100.

[0068] It should be understood that the first region 101 and the second region 102 refer to the spaces that separate the gaps in the circumferential direction of the coil unit 100. The specific number is determined according to the shapes of the first surface 111 of the first irregularly shaped coil and the first surface 121 of the second irregularly shaped coil. For example, there could be four first regions 101 and four second regions 102, or three first regions 101 and five second regions 102; the specific number is not uniquely limited. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 The width w1 of the first region 101 is less than a preset distance threshold, and the width w2 of the second region 102 is greater than the distance threshold. The specific size of the distance threshold is not limited and can be any size between 10cm and 30cm, for example, it can be set to 10cm, 15.5cm, or 30cm.

[0069] Furthermore, the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120 are connected by an intermediate connecting structure. Specifically, an elastic connecting component 200 is provided in at least a portion of the first region 101 of the gap. For example, when four first regions 101 are formed in the gap, the elastic connecting component 200 can be provided in three of the first regions 101, or in one of the first regions 101, or in all four first regions 101. Similarly, a rigid connecting component 300 is provided in at least a portion of the second region 102 of the gap. For example, when four second regions 102 are formed in the gap, the rigid connecting component 300 can be provided in three of the second regions 102, or in one of the second regions 102, or in all four second regions 102.

[0070] When the elastic connecting component 200 and the rigid connecting component 300 are connected, in the axial direction of the coil unit 100, one end of each elastic connecting component 200 can be fixedly connected to the first surface 111 of the first irregular coil 110 located in the first region 101, and the other end can be fixedly connected to the first surface 121 of the second irregular coil 120 located in the first region 101. The elastic connecting component 200 is configured to allow relative movement between the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120 located in the corresponding first region 101 in the axial and radial directions of the coil unit 100. In the axial direction of the coil unit 100, one end of each rigid connecting component 300 can be fixedly connected to the first surface 111 of the first irregular coil 110 located in the second region 102, and the other end can be fixedly connected to the first surface 121 of the second irregular coil 120 located in the second region 102. The rigid connecting component 300 is configured to allow the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120 located in the corresponding second region 102 to be relatively fixed. In this way, the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120 are connected by both an elastic connecting component 200 and a rigid connecting component 300. The rigid connecting component 300 can provide structural support for the two coils, while the elastic connecting component 200 can adapt to the deformation of the two coils. Thus, the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120 can compensate for deformation caused by phenomena such as attraction, repulsion, torsion, bending, and contraction through multi-angle and multi-degree-of-freedom displacement. This allows the coil unit 100 to simultaneously achieve the advantages of reliable support and deformation adaptability.

[0071] Furthermore, in the circumferential gap between the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120, the width w1 of the first region 101 is less than a preset distance threshold, and the width w2 of the second region 102 is greater than the distance threshold. That is, the elastic connecting component 200 is connected to a position relatively close to the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120; the rigid connecting component 300 is connected to a position relatively far from the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120. Because the elastic connecting component 200 absorbs the deformation of the coil caused by electromagnetic force at the position with a relatively close width, stress concentration is avoided; while the rigid connecting component 300 fixes and constrains the two coils at the position with a relatively far width, maintaining the overall structure of the coil. This allows the overall coil structure to deform or undergo slight displacement deviations under stress during use, without affecting the working performance of the coil unit 100 due to excessive torsion. Simultaneously, the small gap design of the first region 101 can accommodate non-planar contact on the coil surface, reducing assembly difficulty.

[0072] It should be understood that, for ease of understanding of the scheme, in this application it can be understood that the axial direction of the elastic connection component 200 and the rigid connection component 300 is parallel to the axial direction of the coil unit 10.

[0073] The specific structure of the elastic connection component 200 is described in detail below. The structure of the elastic connection component 200 is not limited. For example, it can be a connector or connecting rod made of elastic material.

[0074] In the embodiments of this application, please refer to Figures 2 to 4 The elastic connection assembly 200 includes a first connecting component 210, an elastic buffer component 230, and a second connecting component 220 arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the elastic connection assembly 200.

[0075] Specifically, the first connecting component 210 refers to a rigid structure connected to the first irregular coil 110, which can be a guide ring or a metal block with a mounting interface. The second connecting component 220 refers to a rigid structure connected to the second irregular coil 120, which can be a support base or a base with grooves. The elastic buffer component 230 refers to a mechanical element with elastic deformation capability, which can be a wave spring, disc spring, or elastic rubber body, used to absorb axial and radial dynamic displacement.

[0076] When the first connecting component 210 and the second connecting component 220 are connected to the coil, the end of the first connecting component 210 away from the second connecting component 220 is connected to the first surface 111 of the first irregular coil 110 located in the first region 101, and the end of the second connecting component 220 away from the first connecting component 210 is connected to the first surface 121 of the second irregular coil 120 located in the first region 101. The ends of the first connecting component 210 and the second connecting component 220 that are close to each other are embedded in each other, and an active space 212 is formed between them. The active space 212 refers to the gap area formed by the embedding of the first connecting component 210 and the second connecting component 220, which can provide space for the elastic buffer component 230 to accommodate and deform.

[0077] An elastic buffer component 230 is disposed within the movable space 212, and the elastic buffer component 230 abuts against the adjacent ends of the first connecting component 210 and the second connecting component 220 respectively; it absorbs axial and radial displacement stress through its elastic properties. The elastic buffer component 230 is configured to allow the first connecting component 210 and the second connecting component 220 to move relative to each other in the axial and radial directions of the elastic connecting assembly 200, thereby allowing the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120 located in the corresponding first region 101 to move relative to each other in the axial and radial directions of the coil unit 100. That is, the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120 can compensate for deformation caused by attraction, repulsion, torsion, bending, contraction, etc., through multi-angle, multi-degree-of-freedom displacement. In this technical solution, the embedded structure of the first connecting component 210 and the second connecting component 220 not only ensures connection stability but also limits the displacement range through the movable space 212, avoiding excessive deformation. The configuration of the elastic buffer component 230 allows the two connecting components to move relative to each other in both the axial and radial directions, thereby transforming the rigid connection between the coils into an elastic connection, dispersing the dynamic load between the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120, and reducing the risk of stress concentration.

[0078] The structure of the elastic buffer component 230 is not limited; for example, it can be configured as an elastic rubber block, spring, or other structure.

[0079] In one implementation, please refer to Figures 2 to 4 The elastic buffer component 230 includes a floating component 231, an axial elastic component 232, and a circumferential elastic component 233.

[0080] The floating component 231 refers to a rigid component capable of axial and radial displacement within the movable space 212. Specifically, it can be a floating slider, with an outer contour dimension smaller than the inner wall dimension of the movable space 212. The axial elastic component 232 refers to an elastic element arranged along the axial direction of the elastic connecting assembly 200. Specifically, it can be a wave spring or disc spring assembly, pre-compressed and installed between the two connecting components. It absorbs axial dynamic loads through elastic deformation while maintaining the preload of the connecting structure. The circumferential elastic component 233 refers to an annular elastic element surrounding the floating component 231. Specifically, it can be an outward-expanding spring or an elastic rubber ring, with its inner diameter clearance-fitted to the outer diameter of the floating component 231. This component absorbs circumferential torsional force through circumferential elastic deformation while limiting the radial displacement of the floating component 231.

[0081] Specifically, the floating member 231 is movably disposed within the movable space 212 along the axial and radial directions of the elastic connecting assembly 200. Axial elastic member 232 is pressed between the first connecting member 210 and the second connecting member 220 along the axial direction of the elastic connecting assembly 200. Circumferential elastic member 233 has a ring-shaped structure and is sleeved between the outer peripheral wall of the floating member 231 and the inner wall of the movable space 212. During use, when the coil unit 100 undergoes axial deformation, the floating member 231 generates axial displacement within the movable space 212, and the axial elastic member 232 absorbs the axial load through compression deformation. When the coil unit 100 undergoes radial displacement, the floating member 231 drives the circumferential elastic member 233 to generate radial deformation, absorbing the radial force through the bending deformation of the elastic arm. When the coil unit 100 undergoes circumferential torsion, the circumferential elastic member 233, due to its ring-shaped structure, can undergo uniform elastic deformation to avoid local stress concentration and local overload damage. This structure allows the coil unit 100 to generate controllable deformation in three-dimensional space. Furthermore, the clearance fit between the floating component 231 and the movable space 212 reduces the assembly accuracy requirements, and the annular sleeve arrangement of the circumferential elastic component 233 simplifies the installation process by uniformly distributing radial force.

[0082] The structure of the first connecting component 210 and the second connecting component 220 is not limited; for example, they can be configured as connecting seats, connecting blocks, etc.

[0083] In one implementation, please refer to Figures 2 to 4 The first connecting component 210 is configured as a guide ring, and the second connecting component 220 is configured as a support base. The guide ring is an annular component sleeved on the outside of the support base, and can be made of metal. The support base is a component fixed to the second irregular coil 120, and can be fixed by welding or bolting.

[0084] Specifically, the end of the support base away from the guide ring is fixed to the position of the second irregular coil 120 in the first region 101, and the end of the support base near the guide ring forms a groove serving as an active space 212. The floating member 231 can be configured as a floating slider and is movably disposed within the groove. The end of the guide ring near the support base is sleeved outside the support base. The nested structure of the guide ring and the support base enables multi-degree-of-freedom deformation of the elastic connection assembly 200. The end of the guide ring away from the support base abuts against the position of the first irregular coil 110 in the first region 101. The axial elastic member 232 is disposed within the guide ring and is pressed axially between the end face of the support base and the inner end face of the guide ring. The circumferential elastic member 233 is sleeved between the outer peripheral wall of the floating slider and the inner wall of the groove. This design allows the floating slider to perform axial and radial displacement within the groove, thereby absorbing the dynamic stress during the operation of the coil unit 100. The guide ring, fitted outside the support base, limits the radial displacement and provides axial buffering through the axial elastic member 232 between its inner end face and the support base end face. The circumferential elastic member 233, fitted between the floating slider and the inner wall of the groove, absorbs circumferential shear force through annular elastic deformation. The support base and the second irregular coil 120 are fixed by welding a boss into the second recess, ensuring connection strength while accommodating the curved surface structure of the non-planar coil.

[0085] Furthermore, when connecting the guide ring and the support base, the inner diameter of the end of the guide ring closest to the support base can be 2mm to 4mm larger than the outer diameter of the support base, or the entire inner diameter of the guide ring can be 2mm to 4mm larger than the outer diameter of the support base. That is, there can be a gap of 1mm to 2mm between the inner wall surface of the guide ring near the support base and the outer wall surface of the support base (see...). Figure 4 (w3 in the text). Specifically, the dimensions of the guide ring and the support are not limited; for example, the overall inner diameter of the guide ring can be 2mm, 3.5mm, or 4mm larger than the outer diameter of the support. This solution limits the radial gap between the guide ring and the support to 2mm to 4mm, which avoids assembly difficulties or limited freedom of movement caused by too small a gap, and also prevents insufficient structural rigidity or component wear caused by too large a gap. This gap range allows the elastic buffer component 230 to achieve buffering through the relative displacement between the guide ring and the support when subjected to axial force, while allowing the floating slider to make a moderate offset within the groove when subjected to radial force, thereby adapting to the asymmetric dynamic load generated during the operation of the coil unit 100. In addition, this gap range also ensures that the circumferential elastic member 233 forms an effective constraint between the floating slider and the inner wall of the groove, avoiding excessive deformation of the elastic arm and failure due to excessive gap.

[0086] Regarding the structure and arrangement of the axial elastic member 232 and the circumferential elastic member 233, the axial elastic member 232 is configured as a wave spring. A wave spring is an elastic element that generates nonlinear elastic deformation when axially compressed through the concave-convex ring wall structure of the wave spring piece 2322. Specifically, multiple stacked annular metal spring pieces can be used, and the number of annular metal spring pieces is not limited, for example, two or three. Its concave-convex structure can generate a gradual change in elastic force during compression, thereby adapting to axial displacement of different amplitudes.

[0087] In one implementation, please refer to Figures 2 to 4 The wave spring includes a washer 2321 and a wave spring piece 2322 adapted to the washer 2321. The end of the support base has an annular stepped surface. The washer 2321 is fitted onto the annular stepped surface and has a planar support structure facing the guide ring. The wave spring piece 2322 is disposed within the guide ring and sandwiched between the planar support structure and the inner end face of the guide ring. The annular wall of the wave spring piece 2322 has a concave-convex structure along its circumference. By setting the axial elastic member 232 as a wave spring, the concave-convex annular wall structure of the wave spring generates a nonlinear elastic response when axially compressed, which can adapt to axial displacements of different amplitudes. Simultaneously, the planar support structure, through the cooperation of the washer 2321 and the annular stepped surface, ensures that the wave spring piece 2322 maintains uniform force during compression, avoiding localized stress concentration.

[0088] The circumferential elastic member 233 is configured as an outward-expanding spring. An outward-expanding spring is a ring-shaped elastic component that absorbs circumferential shear force through the radial outward deformation of its elastic arms. Specifically, a ring spring structure with multiple outward-expanding elastic arms can be used; the number of outward-expanding elastic arms is unlimited, for example, 10, 25, or 40. The nested fit between the elastic arms and the outward-expanding structure allows the floating slider to slide slightly within the groove, thereby releasing the circumferential constraint.

[0089] In one implementation, please refer to Figures 2 to 4The outward-extending spring includes two support rings spaced apart along its axial direction and an elastic arm connected between the two support rings. The elastic arm has a convex structure along the radial direction of the support rings. The outer peripheral wall of the floating slider has a protrusion adapted to the convex structure. The outward-extending spring is nested in the protrusion of the outer peripheral wall of the floating slider and elastically pressed between the inner wall surfaces of the groove. Furthermore, the first irregular coil 110 has a first recess adapted to the guide ring at the position of the first region 101. The first recess refers to a positioning groove provided on the surface of the first irregular coil 110 for embedding the guide ring. Specifically, it can be formed by machining. The guide ring abuts against the inner wall of the groove. To achieve axial positioning, the end of the guide ring away from the support is embedded in the first recess and abuts against the inner wall of the first recess. The end of the support away from the guide ring has a boss structure. The second irregular coil 120, located in the first region 101, has a second recess adapted to the boss structure. The boss structure is embedded in the second recess, which is a mounting groove on the surface of the second irregular coil 120 for nesting the boss structure. Specifically, a stepped hole matching the shape of the boss structure can be used. A rigid connection is achieved by welding the stepped surface of the boss to the top surface of the recess. The stepped surface of the boss structure is welded to the outer top surface of the second recess. In this design, the elastic arm of the outward-extending spring and the outward-extending structure are nested between the floating slider and the recess. The radial outward deformation of the elastic arm can absorb the circumferential shear force, allowing the floating slider to slide slightly within the recess, thereby releasing the radial displacement constraint of the coil. The first recess and the guide ring are embedded and fitted together, and the second recess and the boss structure are nested and welded together. This mechanical interlocking structure improves the assembly positioning accuracy and allows the coil to retain its deformation freedom in the non-welded area while ensuring the connection strength.

[0090] Based on the above structure, when the coil unit 100 is subjected to an axial load, the concave and convex ring walls of the waveform spring 2322 undergo elastic compression, absorbing axial displacement through nonlinear deformation. Simultaneously, the planar support structure of the gasket 2321 ensures uniform force distribution on the spring. The elastic arm of the outward-extending spring is nested between the protrusion and the inner wall of the groove of the floating slider. When circumferential shear force acts on the floating slider, the outward deformation of the elastic arm allows the slider to slide radially along the groove, thereby releasing circumferential displacement constraints. After the guide ring is embedded in the first recess, the contact between its outer wall and the inner wall of the groove restricts radial offset. The boss structure of the support base, after being embedded in the second recess, is fixed by stepped surface welding, ensuring axial alignment accuracy during assembly.

[0091] In the assembly of the elastic connecting component 200 in the coil unit 100 provided in this application, the second connecting component 220 is first welded and fixed to the second irregular coil 120. Next, the circumferential elastic member 233 is fitted onto the radial step of the floating member 231, and then the floating member 231 and the circumferential elastic member 233 are installed together inside the second connecting component 220, allowing the circumferential elastic member 233 to retract radially within the second connecting component 220. Subsequently, an axial elastic member 232 is installed at the top step of the second connecting component 220, and a first connecting component 210 is fitted over the axial elastic member 232. During installation, the inner wall of the first connecting component 210 is installed with a 1mm-2mm gap between it and the outer wall of the second connecting component 220 to meet the floating and oscillating requirements of the second connecting component 220. Finally, the upper end of the second connecting component 220 is installed into the mounting groove of the first irregular coil 110, completing the assembly of the elastic connecting component 200. When the stellarator's three-dimensional coil operates at low temperatures and experiences cold contraction, or when there are complex curved surface installation requirements, the wave-axis elastic member 232 can be compressed and adjusted, and the floating member 231 can generate torsion and sliding, thereby achieving compensation.

[0092] The specific structure of the rigid connection component 300 is described in detail below. The structure of the rigid connection component 300 is not limited. For example, it can be a connecting rod or connecting block made of rigid material.

[0093] In one implementation, please refer to Figure 5The rigid connection assembly 300 includes a first connecting seat 310, a second connecting seat 320, and an intermediate connecting member 330 arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the rigid connection assembly 300. The intermediate connecting member 330 is configured as a tubular structure extending along the axial direction of the rigid connection assembly 300, and its two ends are respectively fixedly connected to the first connecting seat 310 and the second connecting seat 320. The end of the first connecting seat 310 away from the intermediate connecting member 330 is fixedly connected to the position of the first irregular coil 110 located in the second region 102, and the end of the second connecting seat 320 away from the intermediate connecting member 330 is fixedly connected to the position of the second irregular coil 120 located in the second region 102. By configuring the rigid connection assembly 300 to include a first connecting seat 310, a second connecting seat 320, and an intermediate connecting member 330 arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the rigid connection assembly 300, when connecting the rigid connection assembly 300, the first connecting seat 310 can be fixedly connected to the first irregular coil 110, the second connecting seat 320 can be fixedly connected to the second irregular coil 120, and the intermediate connecting member 330 can be fixedly connected between the first connecting seat 310 and the second connecting seat 320, thereby realizing the assembly of the rigid connection assembly 300. In this way, even when the connection position between the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120 is in a non-planar state, only the structure of the intermediate connecting member 330 needs to be adjusted to make the rigid connection assembly 300 adapt to the structure of the two coils, which makes the assembly difficulty of the rigid connection assembly 300 lower.

[0094] The structure of the intermediate connecting member 330 is not limited. For example, the intermediate connecting member 330 may be configured to include a first half-box 331 and a second half-box 332 extending axially along the rigid connecting assembly 300. The first half-box 331 and the second half-box 332 are radially butted and welded along the rigid connecting assembly 300. The two ends of the intermediate connecting member 330 are respectively welded to the first connecting seat 310 and the second connecting seat 320. The end of the first connecting seat 310 away from the intermediate connecting member 330 is welded to the position of the first irregular coil 110 located in the second region 102. The second connecting seat 320 away from the intermediate connecting member 330 is welded to the position of the second irregular coil 120 located in the second region 102. This technical solution achieves modular assembly of the rigid connection component 300 by adopting a split half-box welding method for the intermediate connecting component 330. That is, the first half-box 331 and the second half-box 332 are welded together radially. The split half-box design allows for segmented installation in a narrow space, enabling the overall tubular component of the intermediate connecting component 330 to be assembled in complex three-dimensional coil layouts. It also simplifies the processing difficulty of complex curved surface structures, adapts to irregular coil surface shapes, and reduces assembly accuracy requirements. Furthermore, regarding the arrangement of the elastic connecting components 200 and the rigid connecting components 300, in this application, multiple elastic connecting components 200, such as two or three, are provided in all first regions 101 of the gap between the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120; the multiple elastic connecting components 200 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the coil unit 100; multiple rigid connecting components 300, such as two or three, are provided in all second regions 102 of the gap between the first irregular coil 110 and the second irregular coil 120; the multiple rigid connecting components 300 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the coil unit 100; within the first region 101, the angle between the tangent plane of the first surface 111 of the first irregular coil and the tangent plane of the first surface 121 of the second irregular coil 120 is greater than a preset angle threshold, which can be set between 40° and 150°, for example, 40°, 50°, 90.5°, 150°, etc.

[0095] The tangent plane of the first surface 111 of the first irregular coil refers to the tangent plane at any position of the first surface 111 of the first irregular coil, and the tangent plane of the first surface 121 of the second irregular coil 120 refers to the tangent plane at any position of the first surface 121 of the second irregular coil 120.

[0096] The above technical solution, by arranging multiple elastic connecting components 200 at circumferential intervals in the first region 101, enables the coil unit 100 to achieve local deformation self-adaptation through multi-point distributed elastic connections when subjected to dynamic loads, avoiding stress concentration. Simultaneously, arranging multiple rigid connecting components 300 at circumferential intervals in the second region 102 ensures the overall structural stability of the coil unit 100. By limiting the included angle between the tangent planes of the two irregularly shaped coils within the first region 101 to a threshold angle, even when the inclination angle of the connection surface at the connection point of the first irregularly shaped coil 110 and the second irregularly shaped coil 120 is too large, the elastic connecting components 200, due to their deformation capability, can adapt to such a large-angle inclination without altering their own structure, further reducing the assembly difficulty of the coil unit 100. The angle threshold is set to 40° to 150°, ensuring that the elastic connecting components 200 are only used when the inclination angle of the connection surface at the connection point of the first irregularly shaped coil 110 and the second irregularly shaped coil 120 is too large, while in the near-parallel region of the connection surface at the connection point of the first irregularly shaped coil 110 and the second irregularly shaped coil 120, a rigid connection can still be maintained. This not only allows the coil unit 100 to have a small range of adaptive deformation capability, but also does not lose sufficient rigid support, thereby improving the performance of the coil unit 100 while reducing the assembly difficulty of the coil unit 100.

[0097] This application also provides a coil module 10 for a stellarator magnet; please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 The device includes a central connecting member 400 and a coil unit 100 for a stellarator magnet as described above. The central connecting member 400 is disposed radially on one side of the coil unit 100, and the coil unit 100 is mounted on the central connecting member 400. The central connecting member 400 is a base for mounting the coil unit 100 and provides a support reference for the coil unit 100. For example, it may be a connecting block 520.

[0098] The coil module 10 in this application includes a coil unit 100 with the above-described structure. The coil unit 100 is connected by two types of connecting components: an elastic connecting component 200 and a rigid connecting component 300. The rigid connecting component 300 can provide structural support for the two coils, while the elastic connecting component 200 can adapt to the deformation of the two coils. This allows the coil unit 100 to simultaneously achieve the advantages of reliable support and deformation adaptability.

[0099] Furthermore, in the coil module 10 for stellarator magnets provided in this application, the coil module 10 also includes at least one elastic support component 500, such as 1, 3, 4, etc.

[0100] Specifically, at least one elastic support component 500 is disposed between the coil unit 100 and the central connecting component 400 on the side of the coil unit 100 near the central connecting component 400. Each elastic support component has its two ends connected to the coil unit 100 and the central connecting component 400, respectively, so that the coil unit 100 is mounted on the central connecting component 400 via at least one elastic support component 500. The at least one elastic support component 500 is configured to allow the coil unit 100 to move radially relative to the central connecting component 400. During stellarator operation, even if the coil unit 100 tends to move radially due to electromagnetic force, the elastic characteristics of the elastic support component 500 can buffer the coil in the coil unit 100, thereby mitigating the risk of stress concentration on the coil unit 100 leading to damage to the support structure.

[0101] The elastic support assembly 500 refers to a mechanical connection structure that absorbs dynamic loads through elastic deformation. Its function is to allow the coil unit 100 to generate controllable radial displacement to alleviate stress concentration. Its specific structure is not limited; for example, it can be an elastic structure equipped with wave springs or disc springs. In one embodiment, please refer to... Figure 6 The elastic support assembly 500 includes a mounting base 510, a connecting block 520, an elastic component 530, and an annular circumferential limiting component 540. Specifically, one end of the mounting base 510 is fixedly connected to the central connecting component 400, one end of the connecting block 520 is fixedly connected to the coil unit 100, and the other end of the connecting block 520 is abutted against the other end of the mounting base 510; the elastic component 530 is elastically pressed between the other end of the connecting block 520 and the other end of the mounting base 510, and the annular circumferential limiting component 540 is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the connection area between the connecting block 520 and the mounting base 510.

[0102] When the stellarator is operating, the radial force on the coil unit 100 is transmitted to the connecting block 520. Due to the elastic properties of the elastic component 530, it deforms to absorb and buffer the force. Furthermore, the annular circumferential limiting component 540 is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the connection area between the connecting block 520 and the mounting base 510, restricting relative movement between the connecting block 520 and the mounting base 510 in the circumferential direction. This prevents unnecessary circumferential displacement of the connecting block 520 and the mounting base 510 during radial buffering due to other factors (such as vibration, minor unbalanced forces, etc.).

[0103] The annular circumferential limiting component 540 refers to a constraint device that limits the radial displacement range. Its function is to disperse shear stress and limit the maximum displacement amplitude through inclined surface contact. The specific structure is not limited, for example, it can be a ring-shaped metal structure with inclined surface guidance.

[0104] In one embodiment, the annular circumferential limiting component 540 includes a first reinforcing ring 541 fixedly connected to the mounting base 510, a second reinforcing ring 542 fixedly connected to the connecting block 520, and a central connecting ring 543 sleeved at the connection between the connecting block 520 and the mounting base 510 and located between the first reinforcing ring 541 and the second reinforcing ring 542. One end of the central connecting ring 543 is fixedly connected to the first reinforcing ring 541, and the other end forms a sloped guide structure with the second reinforcing ring 542. The other end of the central connecting ring 543 is connected to the second reinforcing ring 542 through the sloped guide structure. The annular circumferential limiting component 540, through the sloped guide structure of the first reinforcing ring 541, the second reinforcing ring 542, and the central connecting ring 543, not only limits the displacement amplitude but also disperses shear stress through the sloped contact surface. Furthermore, during installation, each part of the annular circumferential limiting component 540 can be assembled individually, making operation more convenient.

[0105] A sloping guide structure refers to a contact surface with an inclined angle, specifically a conical structure with an angle between 30° and 60°. This can convert radial displacement into axial force to reduce friction loss, thereby reducing the risk of fatigue damage to the support structure.

[0106] Furthermore, in addition to the embodiments described above, the elastic support assembly 500 may also include an axial fastening component 550. The axial fastening component 550 refers to a fixing structure comprising connecting bolts 551 and a disc spring. For example, multiple connecting bolts 551 pass through the mounting base 510 and are threaded to the connecting block 520, with the disc spring clamped between the nut and the mounting base 510. This component ensures the overall structural stability of the elastic support assembly 500 while allowing minor axial displacement.

[0107] In one embodiment, the axial fastening component 550 includes a plurality of connecting bolts 551, such as four or five, arranged at axial intervals along the coil module 10. Each connecting bolt 551 passes through the mounting base 510 away from the connecting block 520 from the end of the mounting base 510 and is threaded to the connecting block 520. A disc spring component 552 is sandwiched between the nut of the connecting bolt 551 and the end face of the mounting base 510 away from the connecting block 520. This can resist axial impact loads and absorb the torsional deformation energy of the coil.

[0108] Disc spring component 552 refers to a buffer unit composed of multiple disc springs stacked in opposite directions. Its function is to form nonlinear stiffness characteristics to absorb axial impact loads. The specific structure is not limited and can include multiple disc springs stacked with each other and facing opposite directions. For example, it can be composed of two stacked disc springs facing opposite directions.

[0109] When the elastic support assembly 500 is connected, the central connecting component 400 can be configured as a block structure, and a connecting hole adapted to the mounting base 510 is formed on the central connecting component 400. The end of the mounting base 510 away from the connecting block 520 is disposed in the connecting hole and welded to the inner wall of the connecting hole; and the connecting block 520 is welded to the coil unit 100. This allows the mounting base 510 to be welded to the central connecting component 400 in an interlocking manner, resulting in better connection stability.

[0110] Furthermore, regarding the location of the elastic support component 500, it can be that the elastic support component 500 is connected between the side of the first irregular coil 110 near the central connecting component 400 and the central connecting component 400; the elastic support component 500 is connected between the side of the second irregular coil 120 near the central connecting component 400 and the central connecting component 400; and the coil unit 100 has a rigid connecting component 300 near the central connecting component 400, with the elastic support component 500 connected between the rigid connecting component 300 and the central connecting component 400. This solution not only sets the elastic support component 500 between the first irregular coil 110 and the central connecting component 400, and between the second irregular coil 120 and the central connecting component 400, but also connects the elastic support component 500 between the rigid connecting component 300 and the central connecting component 400 between the coil units 100. This allows the coil unit 100 to be supported at multiple points, resulting in good support stability and more balanced support force between adjacent coils.

[0111] It should be understood that the connection of at least one (i.e., one, two, or three) of the first irregular coil 110, the second irregular coil 120, and the rigid connection assembly 300 with the central connection component 400 via an elastic support assembly is within the scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0112] This application also provides a stellarator magnet, see [link to application]. Figure 1 and Figure 7 It includes multiple coil modules 10 of the above-described structure arranged in a ring for stellarator magnets.

[0113] The coil modules 10 form a closed magnet structure through a ring arrangement. In each module, the coil unit 100 is dynamically connected to the central connecting component 400 via an elastic support assembly 500. When the coil unit 100 is subjected to dynamic electromagnetic force, the elastic component 530 undergoes compression or tensile deformation, allowing the coil unit 100 to move radially, thereby alleviating the stress generated by deformation. The annular circumferential limiting component 540 restricts circumferential displacement through a sloped guide structure, preventing damage to the connection structure due to torsion or bending. The disc spring in the axial fastening component 550 undergoes elastic deformation under the bolt preload, maintaining connection rigidity while allowing slight axial displacement to accommodate thermal expansion or contraction.

[0114] In addition, the stellarator magnet consists of multiple, for example, 10 or 20 coil modules connected to each other, which makes it easier to install the stellarator magnet.

[0115] In this embodiment, each coil module 10 is connected to the central connecting component 400 via an elastic support component 500, enabling deformation adaptation and stress dispersion under dynamic electromagnetic force. The central connecting component 400 serves as a fixed support base, connected to the coil unit 100 via the elastic support component 500, allowing the coil unit 100 to move radially relative to the central connecting component 400. This alleviates multi-degree-of-freedom deformation caused by electromagnetic force and avoids stress concentration caused by rigid connections. Furthermore, by setting multiple elastic support components 500 between the coil unit 100 and the central connecting component 400, a distributed support structure is formed, ensuring the connection stability of the coil unit 100 while reducing assembly difficulty.

[0116] It should be noted that, in addition to the specific embodiments described above, those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of the present invention is presented in conjunction with preferred embodiments, this does not mean that the features of the invention are limited to these embodiments. On the contrary, the purpose of describing the invention in conjunction with the embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of the present invention. To provide a deep understanding of the invention, many specific details are included in the above description, and the invention may also be implemented without using these details. Furthermore, to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of the invention, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0117] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0118] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the product of the invention is usually placed in during use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0119] The terms “first”, “second”, etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0120] In the description of this embodiment, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment based on the specific circumstances.

[0121] While the invention has been illustrated and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the above description is a further detailed explanation in conjunction with specific embodiments, and should not be construed as limiting the specific implementation of the invention to these descriptions. Various changes in form and detail can be made by those skilled in the art, including several simple deductions or substitutions, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A coil unit for a stellarator magnet, characterized by, The first profiled coil and the second profiled coil are arranged in axial opposite directions along the axial direction of the coil unit, at least one of the first profiled coil and the second profiled coil is a non-planar profiled coil; and The first surface of the first profiled coil is arranged opposite to the first surface of the second profiled coil, and a gap is formed between the first surface of the first profiled coil and the first surface of the second profiled coil, the gap comprises at least one first region and at least one second region arranged in the circumferential direction of the coil unit, the width of the first region is less than a preset distance threshold, and the width of the second region is greater than the distance threshold; wherein At least part of the first region of the gap is provided with an elastic connection assembly, one end of each of the elastic connection assemblies is fixedly connected to the first surface of the first profiled coil in the first region in the axial direction of the coil unit, the other end is fixedly connected to the first surface of the second profiled coil in the first region, and the elastic connection assembly is configured to enable the first profiled coil and the second profiled coil corresponding to the first region to move relatively in the axial direction and the radial direction of the coil unit. At least part of the second region of the gap is provided with a rigid connection assembly, one end of each of the rigid connection assemblies is fixedly connected to the first surface of the first profiled coil in the second region in the axial direction of the coil unit, the other end is fixedly connected to the first surface of the second profiled coil in the second region, and the rigid connection assembly is configured to enable the first profiled coil and the second profiled coil corresponding to the second region to be relatively fixed.

2. A coil unit for a star imitator magnet according to claim 1, characterized in that The elastic connection assembly comprises a first connection component, an elastic buffer component and a second connection component arranged in sequence in the axial direction of the elastic connection assembly; wherein One end of the first connection component away from the second connection component is connected to the first surface of the first profiled coil in the first region, one end of the second connection component away from the first connection component is connected to the first surface of the second profiled coil in the first region, the mutually close ends of the first connection component and the second connection component are embedded in each other, and an active space is formed therebetween, the elastic buffer component is arranged in the active space, and the elastic buffer component abuts against the mutually close end portions of the first connection component and the second connection component, respectively; wherein The elastic buffer component is configured to enable the first connection component and the second connection component to move relatively in the axial direction and the radial direction of the elastic connection assembly, so that the first profiled coil and the second profiled coil corresponding to the first region can move relatively in the axial direction and the radial direction of the coil unit.

3. A coil unit for a star imitator magnet according to claim 2, characterized in that The elastic buffer component comprises a floating member, an axial elastic member and a circumferential elastic member; wherein The floating member is movably arranged in the active space along the axial and radial directions of the elastic connecting assembly. In the axial direction of the elastic connecting assembly, the axial elastic member is arranged between the first connecting component and the second connecting component, and the circumferential elastic member is annularly arranged between the outer circumferential wall of the floating member and the inner wall of the active space.

4. A coil unit for a star imitator magnet according to claim 3, characterized in that The first connecting component is arranged as a guide ring, and the second connecting component is arranged as a support seat. The end of the support seat away from the guide ring is fixed to the position of the second special-shaped coil in the first region, and the end of the support seat close to the guide ring is formed with a groove as the active space. The floating member is arranged as a floating slider and movably arranged in the groove. The end of the guide ring away from the support seat is abutted to the position of the first special-shaped coil in the first region. The axial elastic member is arranged in the guide ring and is arranged between the end surface of the support seat and the inner end surface of the guide ring in the axial direction of the elastic connecting assembly. The circumferential elastic member is arranged between the outer circumferential wall of the floating slider and the inner wall of the groove.

5. A coil unit for a star imitator magnet according to claim 4, characterized in that The axial elastic member is arranged as a wave spring. The wave spring comprises a gasket and a wave spring plate matched with the gasket. The end of the support seat is formed with an annular stepped surface. The gasket is arranged on the annular stepped surface. The gasket has a planar support structure facing the guide ring. The wave spring plate is arranged in the guide ring and is arranged between the planar support structure and the inner end surface of the guide ring. The annular wall of the wave spring plate has a concave-convex structure along the circumferential direction. The circumferential elastic member is arranged as an expansion spring. The expansion spring comprises two support rings arranged along the axial direction and an elastic arm connected between the two support rings. The elastic arm has an outward convex structure along the radial direction of the support ring. The outer circumferential wall of the floating slider is formed with a protrusion matched with the outward convex structure. The expansion spring is nested in the protrusion of the outer circumferential wall of the floating slider and is elastically compressed between the inner wall surfaces of the groove. The first special-shaped coil at the position in the first region is formed with a first recess matched with the guide ring. The end of the guide ring away from the support seat is embedded in the first recess and is abutted to the inner wall of the first recess. The end of the support seat away from the guide ring is formed with a boss structure. The second special-shaped coil at the position in the first region is formed with a second recess matched with the boss structure. The boss structure is embedded in the second recess. The stepped surface of the boss structure is welded and fixed to the outer top surface of the second recess.

6. A coil unit for a star imitator magnet according to claim 4, characterized in that The inner diameter of at least the end of the guide ring close to the support seat is greater than the outer diameter of the support seat by 2mm to 4mm.

7. The coil unit for a star imitator magnet of claim 1, wherein, The rigid connecting assembly comprises a first connecting seat, a second connecting seat and an intermediate connecting member arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the rigid connecting assembly. The intermediate connecting member is provided as a tubular structure extending along the axial direction of the rigid connecting assembly, and two ends of the intermediate connecting member are fixedly connected to the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat respectively, the first connecting seat is fixedly connected to the first special-shaped coil at a position in the second region away from one end of the intermediate connecting member, and the second connecting seat is fixedly connected to the second special-shaped coil at a position in the second region away from one end of the intermediate connecting member.

8. A coil unit for a star imitator magnet according to claim 7, characterized in that The intermediate connecting member includes a first half-box and a second half-box extending along the axial direction of the rigid connecting assembly, the first half-box and the second half-box are butted and welded along the radial direction of the rigid connecting assembly, two ends of the intermediate connecting member are welded to the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat respectively, and the first connecting seat is welded to the first special-shaped coil at a position in the second region away from one end of the intermediate connecting member, and the second connecting seat is welded to the second special-shaped coil at a position in the second region away from one end of the intermediate connecting member.

9. A coil unit for a star simulator magnet according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that A plurality of the elastic connecting assemblies are arranged in the first region of the gap, and a plurality of the rigid connecting assemblies are arranged in the second region of the gap. In the first region, the included angle between the tangent plane of the first surface of the first special-shaped coil and the tangent plane of the first surface of the second special-shaped coil is greater than a preset angle threshold.

10. A coil unit for a star imitator magnet according to claim 9, characterized in that The distance threshold is set to 10 cm to 30 cm, and the angle threshold is set to 40° to 150°.

11. A coil module for a stellarator magnet, characterized by, The coil module further comprises at least one elastic support assembly arranged between the coil unit and the center connecting member on the side of the coil unit close to the center connecting member, and two ends of each elastic support assembly are connected to the coil unit and the center connecting member respectively, so that the coil unit is mounted on the center connecting member through the at least one elastic support assembly.

12. The coil module for a star simulator magnet of claim 11, wherein, The at least one elastic support assembly is configured to enable the coil unit to move relative to the center connecting member in the radial direction of the coil unit. The elastic support assembly comprises a mounting seat, a connecting block, an elastic component and an annular circumferential limiting component.

13. The coil module for a star simulator magnet of claim 12, wherein, One end of the mounting seat is fixedly connected to the center connecting member, one end of the connecting block is fixedly connected to the coil unit, the other end of the connecting block is butted to the other end of the mounting seat, the elastic component is elastically pressed between the other end of the connecting block and the other end of the mounting seat, and the annular circumferential limiting component is fixedly sleeved on the outer circumferential side of the connecting region of the connecting block and the mounting seat. ​ 14. The coil module for a star simulator magnet of claim 13, wherein, The annular circumferential limiting component comprises a first reinforcing ring fixedly connected to the mounting base, a second reinforcing ring fixedly connected to the connecting block, and a middle connecting ring sleeved at the connecting portion of the connecting block and the mounting base and located between the first reinforcing ring and the second reinforcing ring. One end of the middle connecting ring is fixedly connected to the first reinforcing ring, and the other end is connected to the second reinforcing ring through the inclined surface guiding structure.

15. The coil module for a star simulator magnet of claim 13, wherein, The elastic support assembly further comprises an axial fastening component, which comprises a plurality of connecting bolts arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the coil module, each of the connecting bolts passes through the mounting base from the end of the mounting base away from the connecting block and is threadedly connected to the connecting block, and a disc spring component is clamped between the nut of the connecting bolt and the end face of the end of the mounting base away from the connecting block.

16. The coil module for a star simulator magnet of claim 15, wherein, The disc spring component comprises a plurality of disc springs stacked with each other and facing in opposite directions.

17. The coil module for a star simulator magnet of claim 13, wherein, The center connecting component is provided in a block structure, and a connecting hole adapted to the mounting base is formed in the center connecting component, the end of the mounting base away from the connecting block is arranged in the connecting hole and is welded and fixed to the inner wall of the connecting hole, and the connecting block and the coil unit are welded and fixed.

18. A coil module for a star simulator magnet according to any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein The first special-shaped coil is connected with the elastic support assembly between the side close to the center connecting component and the center connecting component; The second special-shaped coil is connected with the elastic support assembly between the side close to the center connecting component and the center connecting component; The side close to the center connecting component of the coil unit is provided with the rigid connecting assembly, and the rigid connecting assembly is connected with the elastic support assembly between the side close to the center connecting component and the center connecting component.

19. A stellarator magnet, characterized by A plurality of coil modules for a stellarator magnet as claimed in any one of claims 11-18 are arranged in a ring shape.

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