Antenna array

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna array, and relates to the technical field of antennae, the antenna array comprises a controller and a plurality of antenna modules, the controller is used for controlling the phase and amplitude of each antenna module, the radiating surface of each antenna module faces outwards, and the plurality of antenna modules are arranged around the same axis; the antenna module comprises a low-frequency radiation unit and a high-frequency radiation unit, the low-frequency radiation unit comprises a first dielectric plate and a first microstrip patch oscillator arranged on one side of the first dielectric plate, and the high-frequency radiation unit comprises a second dielectric plate and a second microstrip patch oscillator arranged on one side of the second dielectric plate. And the third microstrip patch oscillator is arranged on the other surface of the second dielectric plate. The directivity of the omnidirectional antenna array is enhanced, the size of the antenna array is reduced, and the cost of the antenna array is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to an antenna array. Background Technology

[0002] An antenna array is an antenna system that uses multiple antenna elements arranged in a specific pattern. Different arrangements and types of antenna elements can achieve different functions. For example, a drone jamming system using an antenna array can interfere with remote control signals by transmitting signals through the array, specifically interfering with remote control signals in a specific frequency band. This causes the drone to lose connection with the operator, forcing it into a disconnection protection mode. Furthermore, the jamming system must be omnidirectional to cover all directions. However, in related technologies, omnidirectional antenna arrays often have poor directivity, and directional jamming is costly because high-precision directional jamming requires complex technologies (such as phased array antennas), resulting in large equipment size and high cost. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an antenna array that aims to enhance the directivity of an omnidirectional antenna array, reduce the size of the antenna array, and lower the cost of the antenna array.

[0004] This application provides an antenna array, including a controller and multiple antenna modules. The controller is used to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module respectively. The radiating surface of each antenna module faces outward and the multiple antenna modules are arranged around the same axis. The antenna module includes a low-frequency radiating unit and a high-frequency radiating unit. The low-frequency radiating unit includes a first dielectric substrate and a first microstrip patch vibrator disposed on one side of the first dielectric substrate. The high-frequency radiating unit includes a second dielectric substrate and a second microstrip patch vibrator disposed on one side of the second dielectric substrate, and a third microstrip patch vibrator disposed on the other side of the second dielectric substrate.

[0005] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved: the radiating surface of each antenna module faces outward, and omnidirectionality can be achieved through multiple antenna modules. Multiple antenna modules are arranged around the same axis, that is, multiple antennas are arrayed into a coaxial array. The controller can control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module separately, so that multiple antenna modules work together to achieve efficient signal transmission and reception. That is, by adjusting the phase of each antenna module, the signal can be superimposed in phase in a specific direction to enhance the radiation intensity. By adjusting the amplitude of each antenna module, the beam shape and direction can be further optimized. In addition, the high-frequency radiation unit includes a second microstrip patch vibrator and a third microstrip patch vibrator laid on the upper and lower surfaces of the second dielectric substrate. Such a double-sided structure can form an array-like effect to further enhance the directivity. Furthermore, the microstrip patch vibrators used in the low-frequency and high-frequency radiation units are small in size and low in cost, which can effectively reduce the size and cost of the antenna array.

[0006] According to some embodiments of this application, when the antenna array transmits an antenna signal, the controller is used to control the phase of each antenna module to enhance the radiation intensity of the transmitted antenna signal in a predetermined direction, and to control the amplitude of each antenna module to control the beam shape and direction of the transmitted antenna signal based on the predetermined direction.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this application, when the antenna array receives antenna signals, the controller is used to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module to enhance the strength of the received antenna signal from a predetermined direction.

[0008] According to some embodiments of this application, the antenna module further includes a base plate. The base plate has a feed network and a support column on one side for supporting the low-frequency radiating unit and the high-frequency radiating unit. The support column includes a first support column and a second support column. The first support column supports the low-frequency radiating unit, and the second support column supports the high-frequency radiating unit. A first microstrip line for connecting the feed network and the low-frequency radiating unit is provided on the first support column, and a second microstrip line for connecting the feed network and the high-frequency radiating unit is provided on the second support column.

[0009] According to some embodiments of this application, the low-frequency radiation unit includes multiple sets of first microstrip patch oscillators symmetrically arranged on both sides of the base plate.

[0010] According to some embodiments of this application, the first microstrip patch oscillator includes a rectangular microstrip dipole disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate away from the base plate.

[0011] According to some embodiments of this application, the power supply network includes impedance matching stubs for adjusting the input impedance of the low-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency radiation unit.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this application, the antenna frequency band of the low-frequency radiating unit is 2400MHz-2500MHz, and the low-frequency center operating frequency is 2450MHz; the antenna frequency band of the high-frequency radiating unit is 5150MHz-5850MHz, and the high-frequency center operating frequency is 5500MHz.

[0013] According to some embodiments of this application, the length of the first microstrip patch oscillator is obtained by the low-frequency center operating frequency, and the lengths of the second and third microstrip patch oscillators are obtained by the high-frequency center operating frequency.

[0014] According to some embodiments of this application, eight antenna modules are included, with the centerlines of two adjacent antenna modules forming an angle of 45°.

[0015] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solutions of this application and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain the technical solutions of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of this application.

[0017] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments; Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a top view of an antenna array provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a top view of an antenna module provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a top view of a high-frequency radiation unit provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the standing wave ratio (VSWR) parameters of an antenna array in the 2400MHz-2500MHz frequency band provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the standing wave ratio (VSWR) parameters of an antenna array in the 5150MHz-5850MHz frequency band provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the gain parameters of an antenna array at a frequency of 2450MHz provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the gain parameters of an antenna array at a frequency of 5500MHz provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure descriptions: 100, Antenna module; 110, Low-frequency radiating element; 120, High-frequency radiating element; 111, First dielectric substrate; 112, First microstrip patch vibrator; 121, Second dielectric substrate; 122, Second microstrip patch vibrator; 123, Third microstrip patch vibrator; 130, Base plate; 140, Feed network; 151, First support post; 152, Second support post. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of this application. Preferred embodiments of this application are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the drawings is to supplement the textual description with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of this application, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on this application.

[0021] In the description of this application, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0022] In the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, and connecting should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0023] Understandably, with the increasingly widespread application of drones, low-altitude security issues have become increasingly serious. Drone jamming systems, as an important protective tool against drone threats, have already played a crucial role in various critical scenarios such as airports and aviation, and large event venues.

[0024] The primary method of interfering with drones is through control signal jamming. For example, jamming remote control signals in frequency bands such as 2400MHz or 5800MHz can cause the drone to lose connection with the operator, forcing it into a disconnection protection mode (such as automatic landing or return to home). Such interference requires sending high-intensity jamming signals to the drone's communication link, preventing it from receiving the original control commands, while avoiding impact on other communication devices.

[0025] To achieve the above objectives, the UAV jamming system needs to be equipped with an antenna array to meet the following technical requirements: Transmission frequency: The antenna is required to transmit in frequencies that can simultaneously cover the 2400MHz and 5800MHz bands; All-round coverage: This requires the jamming system to be omnidirectional, covering all directions; Directional jamming: This method uses a directional antenna to focus jamming signals onto a target area, enhancing the jamming effect while reducing interference to other surrounding information equipment. In special scenarios, to achieve long-range jamming, it is necessary to focus the signal onto the target area, which requires the jamming system to achieve high-gain directional transmission.

[0026] However, the antenna arrays of UAV jamming systems in related technologies have the following drawbacks: Limited coverage: Most jamming systems have a short effective range and are difficult to deal with long-range or high-altitude drones; Side effects of non-directional interference: Omnidirectional interference may affect nearby legitimate communication equipment and even interfere with critical facilities; High cost of directional technology: High-precision directional jamming requires complex technology (such as phased array antennas), resulting in large equipment size and high cost.

[0027] Based on the above, this application provides an antenna array to enhance the directivity of an omnidirectional antenna array, reduce the size of the antenna array, and lower the cost of the antenna array.

[0028] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 2This is a top view of an antenna array provided in one embodiment of the present application. The antenna array includes a controller and multiple antenna modules 100. The controller is used to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100 respectively. The radiating surface of each antenna module 100 faces outward and multiple antenna modules 100 are arranged around the same axis. Antenna module 100 includes a low-frequency radiating unit 110 and a high-frequency radiating unit 120. The low-frequency radiating unit 110 includes a first dielectric substrate 111 and a first microstrip patch vibrator 112 disposed on one side of the first dielectric substrate 111. The high-frequency radiating unit 120 includes a second dielectric substrate 121 and a second microstrip patch vibrator 122 disposed on one side of the second dielectric substrate 121, and a third microstrip patch vibrator 123 disposed on the other side of the second dielectric substrate 121.

[0030] In this embodiment, the antenna array includes a controller and multiple antenna modules 100. The multiple antenna modules 100 are arranged to form an antenna module 100 array. In this embodiment, the arrangement of the multiple antenna modules 100 includes: the radiating surface of each antenna module 100 faces outward and the multiple antenna modules 100 are arranged around the same axis. That is, the arrangement of the multiple antenna modules 100 includes a symmetrical or asymmetrical ring distribution around the same axis. It can be a uniformly spaced circular arrangement, a non-uniform distribution with angles adjusted according to radiation requirements, or a multi-level axial stack to form a three-dimensional ring structure, thereby achieving all-round signal coverage or directional enhancement in space. In this way, the independent radiation characteristics of a single antenna module 100 can be preserved, and the performance of the antenna array can be improved through the synergistic effect of the overall layout.

[0031] In addition, the controller is used to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100 respectively. By controlling the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100 respectively by the controller, precise beam control and efficient signal processing can be achieved. It has advantages such as high gain, flexible beam control and strong anti-interference capability, and enables the antenna array provided in this application embodiment to be applied to radar, satellite communication and wireless communication fields.

[0032] Specifically, the controller can achieve precise control of the electromagnetic beam by independently adjusting the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100, thereby optimizing the directionality and intensity distribution of signal transmission, improving the overall performance and beamforming capability of the antenna array. In practical applications, the beamwidth, pointing angle, and sidelobe suppression level can be dynamically adjusted in real time according to actual needs by adjusting the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100 to adapt to different application scenarios. In addition, by adjusting the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100 in real time, external interference signals can be effectively suppressed, improving anti-interference capability and ensuring the stability and reliability of communication or detection processes.

[0033] In this embodiment, the antenna module 100 includes a low-frequency radiating unit 110 and a high-frequency radiating unit 120. It is understood that the low-frequency radiating unit 110 and the high-frequency radiating unit 120 are used to perform different signal transmission and reception functions. The low-frequency radiating unit 110 is mainly used to cover a longer wavelength range, suitable for long-distance communication and scenarios with strong penetration. Its characteristics include a longer wavelength and strong diffraction capability, effectively overcoming obstacle obstruction and reducing signal attenuation. The high-frequency radiating unit 120 is mainly used for a shorter wavelength range, suitable for high-speed data transmission and high-precision detection. Its characteristics include a wider bandwidth and stronger directivity, supporting higher information transmission rates and finer beam control, suitable for scenarios such as satellite communication, millimeter-wave radar, and high-capacity wireless networks. Therefore, by installing the low-frequency radiating unit 110 and the high-frequency radiating unit 120 within the same antenna module 100, the antenna module 100 can form a wideband coverage when operating, meeting the needs of both long-distance communication and high-precision signal processing, enabling the antenna module 100 to adapt to different application scenarios.

[0034] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna module 100 provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 4 This is a top view of an antenna module 100 provided in one embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the low-frequency radiating unit 110 includes a first dielectric substrate 111 and a first microstrip patch vibrator 112 disposed on one side of the first dielectric substrate 111. It is understood that the first dielectric substrate 111 is a substrate for supporting the first microstrip patch vibrator 112. The first dielectric substrate 111 can be made of a material with a low dielectric constant and loss tangent, such as FR4 epoxy glass fiber, Rogers RO4003C, or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), etc., to ensure signal transmission stability and low dielectric loss. Specifically, the thickness and dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate 111 can be matched to the low-frequency operating band, and the first dielectric substrate 111 can be a thicker substrate to enhance mechanical strength and optimize radiation efficiency. Furthermore, impedance characteristics can be further adjusted through multi-layer stacking or hybrid dielectric structures. In addition, the radiating surface of each antenna module 100 faces outward, and the first microstrip patch vibrator 112 is disposed on one side of the first dielectric substrate 111. That is to say, the first microstrip patch vibrator 112 is disposed on the outward side of the first dielectric substrate 111 so that the radiating surface of the low-frequency radiating unit 110 faces outward.

[0035] The radiator of the low-frequency radiating element 110 is a first microstrip patch vibrator 112. In other words, the radiator of the low-frequency radiating element 110 is in the form of a microstrip patch. This means that using a microstrip patch vibrator as the radiator of the low-frequency radiating element 110 allows for direct integration onto the first dielectric substrate 111, saving space and enabling integrated design with the feed network 140. This reduces the overall antenna complexity and assembly difficulty. Furthermore, the microstrip patch vibrator has good directivity and stable radiation characteristics, enabling the formation of relatively uniform beam coverage. By adjusting the patch shape, size, or loading gaps, the resonant frequency and impedance matching can be adjusted to adapt to different low-frequency band requirements. Therefore, by adopting the form of the first microstrip patch vibrator 112, the antenna module 100 has a lower profile height, reducing its overall size.

[0036] In this embodiment, the high-frequency radiation unit 120 includes a second dielectric substrate 121, a second microstrip patch oscillator 122 disposed on one side of the second dielectric substrate 121, and a third microstrip patch oscillator 123 disposed on the other side of the second dielectric substrate 121. It can be understood that the second dielectric substrate 121 is the material board used to support the second microstrip patch oscillator 122 and the third microstrip patch oscillator 123. As the substrate supporting the microstrip patch oscillator of the high-frequency radiation unit 120, the second dielectric substrate 121 can be made of a material with a lower dielectric constant and lower dielectric loss than the first dielectric substrate 111 of the low-frequency radiation unit 110, such as Rogers RT / duroid series or Taconic RF series ceramic-filled PTFE substrate, to reduce signal attenuation and phase distortion in the high-frequency band. Furthermore, compared to the first dielectric substrate 111 of the low-frequency radiating unit 110, the second dielectric substrate 121 can use a thinner substrate with higher surface flatness and metal coating precision, ensuring the precise processing and stable performance of the microstrip patch oscillator under short-wavelength conditions. It should be noted that electromagnetic compatibility can also be considered when integrating the first dielectric substrate 111 and the second dielectric substrate 121. For example, mutual interference can be reduced through isolation layers or gradient impedance design, allowing the high- and low-frequency radiating units 110 to maintain their respective performance advantages when working together in a limited space.

[0037] Similarly, the radiators of the high-frequency radiating element 120 are the second microstrip patch vibrator 122 and the third microstrip patch vibrator 123. That is to say, the radiators of the high-frequency radiating element 120 also adopt the form of microstrip patches. This not only saves space, but also allows for integrated design with the feed network 140, reducing the complexity and assembly difficulty of the overall antenna. Furthermore, the microstrip patch vibrator has good directivity and stable radiation characteristics, which can form a relatively uniform beam coverage. By adjusting the patch shape, size, or loading gap, the resonant frequency and impedance matching can also be adjusted to adapt to different low-frequency band requirements.

[0038] Furthermore, microstrip patch oscillators are provided on both sides of the second dielectric substrate 121. This double-sided structure can form an array-like effect to enhance directivity. The simultaneous action of the oscillators on both sides can improve the gain and avoid occupying more space, thus achieving structural miniaturization. This significantly improves the space utilization and radiation performance of the antenna module 100.

[0039] Understandably, microstrip patch oscillators are arranged on both sides of the second dielectric substrate 121. This double-sided layout allows the high-frequency radiation unit 120 to achieve a denser array arrangement within a limited area, thereby enhancing the flexibility and pointing accuracy of beamforming. Specifically, the double-sided microstrip oscillators can achieve bidirectional radiation or form more complex three-dimensional beam coverage through phase modulation, thereby meeting the needs of multi-angle signal transmission and reception or omnidirectional communication. Furthermore, since the wavelength of high-frequency signals is relatively short, the coupling effect of the double-sided patches can be optimized to expand the operating bandwidth or improve the gain. The grounding layer in the middle of the dielectric substrate can effectively isolate the mutual interference between the two sides of the oscillators. Therefore, this double-sided layout can also balance the radiation pattern and suppress unnecessary sidelobe interference.

[0040] In some embodiments of the antenna array provided in this application, when the antenna array transmits an antenna signal, the controller is used to control the phase of each antenna module 100 to enhance the radiation intensity of the transmitted antenna signal in a predetermined direction, and to control the amplitude of each antenna module 100 to control the beam shape and direction when transmitting the antenna signal based on the predetermined direction.

[0041] It is understandable that multiple antenna modules 100 are arranged around the same axis, that is, multiple antenna modules 100 of the antenna array are arranged coaxially to form a coaxial array, which facilitates the control of the phase and amplitude of each antenna element.

[0042] In this embodiment, when the antenna array transmits antenna signals, the controller controls the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100. By precisely adjusting the phase of each antenna module 100, the controller ensures that the electromagnetic wave signals emitted by the radiating elements of each antenna module 100 in a predetermined direction are superimposed in phase, thereby enhancing the radiation intensity in that direction. Specifically, when electromagnetic waves are emitted from different antenna modules 100 and propagate in space, a phase difference exists when the signal reaches the predetermined direction due to the spatial differences in the antenna modules 100 within the array. Therefore, the controller calculates and compensates for these phase differences, ensuring that the signals of all antenna modules 100 are in phase in the predetermined direction, forming coherent superposition, thereby significantly improving the radiation field strength. Furthermore, the controller can further optimize the beam shape and directivity by adjusting the amplitude distribution of each antenna module 100. Specifically, amplitude weighting can control the aperture field distribution of the antenna array. For example, using a tapered amplitude distribution can reduce sidelobe levels and decrease energy leakage; while symmetrical or asymmetrical amplitude adjustment can adjust the beamwidth or deflect the main lobe direction. Therefore, through coordinated control of phase and amplitude, the antenna array can not only concentrate energy radiation in a specified direction to improve gain, but also dynamically adjust the beam pointing angle, width, and shape according to requirements, achieving flexible beamforming to adapt to the signal coverage and interference suppression requirements of different application scenarios such as communication and radar.

[0043] In some embodiments of the antenna array provided in this application, when the antenna array receives antenna signals, the controller is used to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100 to enhance the strength of the received antenna signal from a predetermined direction.

[0044] In this embodiment, when the antenna array receives antenna signals, the controller can also be used to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100. Specifically, during signal reception, by detecting the phase difference of the received signals of each antenna module 100 in real time, the controller can dynamically adjust the phase delay and amplitude weight of each channel so that the antenna signals from the predetermined direction can be superimposed in phase during synthesis, thereby enhancing the reception sensitivity in that direction. At the same time, by applying opposite phase compensation to signals from other directions through an adaptive algorithm, they can cancel each other out during synthesis, effectively suppressing interference and noise, improving the signal-to-noise ratio, and especially accurately extracting weak target signals in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0045] Furthermore, when the antenna array is receiving antenna signals, the controller can quickly adjust the phase and amplitude to achieve rapid beam scanning without mechanical rotation. That is, the high-speed digital signal processor inside the controller quickly calculates the phase difference of the array units and periodically changes the phase offset of each antenna module 100, so that the main lobe of the beam can be electronically deflected continuously in space without mechanical rotation, and the scanning speed can reach the millisecond level, far exceeding the traditional mechanical scanning method. For example, when the antenna array needs to monitor multiple targets simultaneously, digital beamforming technology can be used to generate independent receiving beams in different directions. Each beam has configurable width and gain characteristics, realizing multi-task parallel processing.

[0046] In one embodiment, when the antenna array receives antenna signals, the controller can identify the azimuth of the interference source through a direction estimation algorithm, and then use an adaptive beamforming algorithm to form a radiation null point in the direction of the interference wave. That is, by optimizing the complex weighting coefficients in real time, the array pattern produces a deep dip in the direction of the interference, while keeping the gain in the target direction unaffected. Combined with space-time joint processing technology, it can effectively combat broadband interference and mobile interference sources.

[0047] In the antenna arrays provided in some embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The antenna module 100 also includes a base plate 130. The base plate 130 has a feed network 140 and support columns on one side for supporting the low-frequency radiating unit 110 and the high-frequency radiating unit 120. The support columns include a first support column 151 and a second support column 152. The first support column 151 is used to support the low-frequency radiating unit 110, and the second support column 152 is used to support the high-frequency radiating unit 120. The first support column 151 is provided with a first microstrip line for connecting the feed network 140 and the low-frequency radiating unit 110, and the second support column 152 is provided with a second microstrip line for connecting the feed network 140 and the high-frequency radiating unit 120.

[0048] In this embodiment, the antenna module 100 also includes a base plate 130, which is a substrate used to support the entire antenna module 100. The side of the base plate 130 used to support the low-frequency radiating unit 110 and the high-frequency radiating unit 120 is provided with a feed network 140 and a support column. That is to say, the antenna components such as the feed network 140, the support column, the low-frequency radiating unit 110 and the high-frequency radiating unit 120 are all arranged on the same side of the base plate 130. The base plate 130 serves as an integrated support substrate for the entire antenna module 100, and is used to provide mechanical support and electrical interconnection for each antenna component. The power supply network 140 can be directly etched onto the surface of the base plate 130 using microstrip lines or striplines. A precisely designed transmission line path distributes the radio frequency signal to each high- and low-frequency radiating unit 110. The routing of the power supply network 140 can balance impedance matching and signal isolation requirements while avoiding the mounting positions of the support pillars to prevent mechanical interference. The support pillars, as load-bearing components of the three-dimensional structure, typically use metallized vias or independently installed insulating pillars to provide stable support for the corresponding dielectric substrates. Their arrangement can also reduce disturbances to the electromagnetic field distribution. Furthermore, the arrangement of the low-frequency radiating unit 110 and the high-frequency radiating unit 120 on the base plate 130 can follow electromagnetic compatibility principles. For example, mutual coupling effects can be suppressed through partitioned layout and grounding isolation. The power supply ports of the low-frequency radiating unit 110 and the high-frequency radiating unit 120 are vertically interconnected with the power supply network 140 to achieve efficient signal transmission.

[0049] The support columns include a first support column 151 and a second support column 152. The first support column 151 supports the low-frequency radiation unit 110, and the second support column 152 supports the high-frequency radiation unit 120. A first microstrip line is provided on the first support column 151 to connect the feed network 140 and the low-frequency radiation unit 110, and a second microstrip line is provided on the second support column 152 to connect the feed network 140 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120. In other words, the first support column 151 and the second support column 152 not only support the corresponding first dielectric substrate 111 and second dielectric substrate 121, but also serve as intermediate links connecting the feed network 140 and the high-frequency and low-frequency radiation units 110. Therefore, the number and position of the first support pillar 151, the number and position of the second support pillar 152, and the position of the second support pillar can all take into account the position of the feed point of the feed network 140 and the position of the microstrip patch oscillator of the high and low frequency radiation unit 110. For example, the specific orientation of the first support pillar 151 needs to be aligned with the feed point of the low frequency radiation unit 110 and the corresponding connection point of the feed network 140. The microstrip line built into each first support pillar 151 is exactly connected to the branch output end of the feed network 140 and the feed port of the microstrip patch oscillator at the corresponding azimuth angle. In this way, the signal transmission path can be minimized and the insertion loss can be effectively reduced.

[0050] In addition, the microstrip lines mounted on the support pillars can employ metallized vias or coaxial structures, and grounding isolation rings can be installed around the support pillars to suppress signal leakage. In another embodiment, the number and position of the first support pillars 151, the number and position of the second support pillars 152, and the potential impact of the support pillars on the near-field distribution of the high- and low-frequency radiation units 110 must be considered. Furthermore, their diameter and position can be optimized through electromagnetic simulation and other methods to minimize the disturbance of the structural components to the radiation pattern.

[0051] The first support post 151 can be a first dielectric substrate 111 corresponding to the support of the low-frequency radiation unit 110. That is, the number of first support posts 151 can be equal to the number of first dielectric substrates 111, or it can be a first dielectric substrate 111 not corresponding to the support of the low-frequency radiation unit 110. This is because one first dielectric substrate 111 can be provided with one first microstrip patch vibrator 112, or multiple first microstrip patch vibrators 112 can be provided. For example, refer to Figure 2A first dielectric substrate 111 is provided on each side of the antenna module 100. Two first microstrip patch vibrators 112 are provided on each first dielectric substrate 111. Therefore, each first dielectric substrate 111 corresponds to two first support pillars 151. If a first dielectric substrate 111 is provided on each side of the antenna module 100 and a first microstrip patch vibrator 112 is provided on each first dielectric substrate 111, then each first dielectric substrate 111 can be provided with only one first support pillar 151.

[0052] In summary, the placement of the feed network 140, the placement and number of support plates, the number of microstrip patch elements in the high- and low-frequency radiating elements 110, and the placement of the microstrip patch elements in the high- and low-frequency radiating elements 110 all require comprehensive consideration in their layout. Specifically, the routing of the feed network 140 must ensure signal transmission integrity while avoiding the installation area of ​​the support pillars to prevent physical interference. The number and placement of the support pillars not only affect structural strength but also determine the interconnection path between the feed network 140 and the high- and low-frequency radiating elements 110. The number and arrangement of the high- and low-frequency microstrip patch elements directly affect the antenna's radiation performance and frequency band coverage.

[0053] In some embodiments of the antenna array provided in this application, the low-frequency radiating element 110 includes multiple sets of first microstrip patch vibrators 112 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the base plate 130.

[0054] It is understandable that low-frequency signals have limited radiation capability of a single vibrator due to their longer wavelength. Therefore, in this embodiment, the low-frequency radiation unit 110 includes multiple sets of first microstrip patch vibrators 112. By employing multiple vibrators working together, radiation efficiency can be enhanced and the effective bandwidth can be expanded. In addition, the multiple sets of first microstrip patch vibrators 112 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the base plate 130. The symmetrical layout can form a more balanced radiation field pattern and avoid radiation pattern distortion. Specifically, when the signal is excited by the feed network 140 with equal amplitude and in phase, the symmetrical first microstrip patch vibrators 112 will generate superimposed radiation fields, forming a more uniform coverage on the horizontal plane. By controlling the phase difference between the first microstrip patch vibrators 112 on both sides, beam deflection or beamwidth adjustment can be achieved. At the same time, the left-right grouping arrangement can also effectively utilize the lateral space of the antenna module 100 and avoid the mutual coupling effect caused by the first microstrip patch vibrators 112 being too close together.

[0055] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, the low-frequency radiation unit 110 includes four sets of first microstrip patch oscillators 112 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the base plate 130. Two sets of first microstrip patch oscillators 112 are located on one side of the base plate 130, and the other two sets of first microstrip patch oscillators 112 are symmetrically arranged on the other side of the base plate 130.

[0056] In the antenna array provided in some embodiments of this application, the first microstrip patch vibrator 112 includes a rectangular microstrip dipole disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 111 away from the base plate 130.

[0057] It is understandable that rectangular microstrip dipoles have regular and easily fabricated geometric features. From an electromagnetic perspective, the long side of the rectangular structure determines the operating frequency of the main mode of low-frequency resonance. By adjusting the aspect ratio of the rectangle, the resonant characteristics and impedance matching of the dipole can be flexibly controlled, making it better suited to the wavelength requirements of the low-frequency band. Furthermore, compared to other complex shapes, the current distribution of rectangular dipoles is more uniform, which can form a stable radiation pattern. Its symmetrical structure helps to reduce cross-polarization radiation and improve the polarization purity of the antenna. When the antenna module 100 is laid out, the straight-side characteristics of the rectangular dipole also facilitate the regular spacing arrangement, which is beneficial to controlling the mutual coupling effect between the low-frequency radiation units 110. Therefore, in this embodiment, the first microstrip patch vibrator 112 is a rectangular microstrip dipole, and the first microstrip patch vibrator 112 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 111 away from the base plate 130.

[0058] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, the first microstrip patch oscillator 112 includes two symmetrical rectangular metal strips disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 111 away from the base plate 130, thereby forming a symmetrical microstrip dipole. Similarly, the second microstrip patch oscillator 122 includes two symmetrical irregularly shaped metal strips disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 121 away from the base plate 130, thereby forming a symmetrical microstrip dipole. Likewise, the third microstrip patch oscillator 123 includes two symmetrical irregularly shaped metal strips disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate 121 near the base plate 130, thereby forming a symmetrical microstrip dipole. The irregularly shaped metal strips used in the second microstrip patch oscillator 122 are the same as those used in the third microstrip patch oscillator 123, but the connection points of the two symmetrical irregularly shaped metal strips in the second microstrip patch oscillator 122 and the third microstrip patch oscillator are different. Additionally, referring to... Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a top view of the high-frequency radiation unit 120 provided in another embodiment of this application. It can be seen that the second microstrip patch oscillators 122 and the third microstrip patch oscillators 123 on both sides of the second dielectric plate 121 are not correspondingly arranged, that is, the directions of the second microstrip patch oscillators 122 and the third microstrip patch oscillators 123 on both sides of the second dielectric plate 121 are different.

[0059] In some embodiments of the antenna array provided in this application, the feed network 140 includes an impedance matching stub for adjusting the input impedance of the low-frequency radiating element 110 and the high-frequency radiating element 120.

[0060] Understandably, due to differences in structural size and electromagnetic characteristics between high-frequency and low-frequency microstrip patch oscillators, the input impedance of the high-frequency and low-frequency microstrip dipoles is typically not the matched 50 ohms. Impedance mismatch causes some signal energy to be reflected back during transmission, preventing effective radiation. Therefore, in this embodiment, the feed network 140 includes impedance matching stubs. Through microstrip segments of specific shapes and lengths in the impedance matching stubs, the transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves can be adjusted, converting the input impedance of the microstrip patch oscillator, which may originally be 80 ohms or 30 ohms, into a standard 50 ohms. This allows for better impedance matching, enabling better signal transmission from the feed line to the radiating element. Almost all energy is converted into effective electromagnetic wave radiation, avoiding energy loss and ensuring the stability of the radiation pattern, allowing the antenna to perform optimally in all frequency bands.

[0061] In some embodiments of the antenna array provided in this application, the antenna frequency band of the low-frequency radiating element 110 is 2400MHz-2500MHz, and the low-frequency center operating frequency is 2450MHz. The antenna frequency band of the high-frequency radiating element 120 is 5150MHz-5850MHz, and the high-frequency center operating frequency is 5500MHz.

[0062] It is understandable that when an antenna array is applied to a UAV jamming system, the antenna's transmission frequency is required to cover both the 2400MHz and 5800MHz frequency bands simultaneously. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the antenna array is applied to the UAV jamming system, the antenna frequency band of the low-frequency radiating unit 110 is 2400MHz-2500MHz, and the low-frequency center operating frequency is 2450MHz. The antenna frequency band of the high-frequency radiating unit 120 is 5150MHz-5850MHz, and the high-frequency center operating frequency is 5500MHz.

[0063] In the antenna array provided in some embodiments of this application, the length of the first microstrip patch vibrator 112 is obtained by the low-frequency center operating frequency, and the lengths of the second microstrip patch vibrator 122 and the third microstrip patch vibrator 123 are obtained by the high-frequency center operating frequency.

[0064] Understandably, the dipole antenna is a classic and widely used antenna type, primarily used in radio communication. A dipole antenna consists of a pair of symmetrically placed conductors, with each end connected to a feed wire. The basic principle of a dipole antenna is that an electrical signal at the feed position drives the charge on the conductor arms to move back and forth, thereby generating electromagnetic wave radiation. A dipole antenna typically consists of two coaxial straight wires, with the length of the conductor arms approximately one-quarter of the antenna's operating wavelength, and the total length half the antenna's operating wavelength; this type of antenna is called a half-wave antenna. When an electrical signal is fed into the conductors from the center of the antenna, a standing wave is formed on the conductor arms. The wavelength of this standing wave is exactly the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated or received by the antenna. Due to the existence of this standing wave, the dipole antenna can effectively radiate and receive electromagnetic waves.

[0065] Therefore, in this embodiment, the first microstrip patch oscillator 112 of the low-frequency radiation unit 110, the second microstrip patch oscillator 122 and the third microstrip patch oscillator 123 of the high-frequency radiation unit 120 are all in the form of dipole antennas. Thus, the operating wavelengths of the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120 can be obtained by the formula operating wavelength = speed of light / operating frequency. In this embodiment, the low-frequency center operating frequency is 2450MHz and the high-frequency center operating frequency is 5500MHz. Therefore, by using the above formula, the operating wavelength of the low-frequency radiation unit 110 can be calculated to be 122.4mm and the operating wavelength of the high-frequency radiation unit 120 can be calculated to be 54.5mm. Furthermore, the length of the first microstrip patch oscillator 112 is 122.4mm / 2, and the lengths of the second microstrip patch oscillator 122 and the third microstrip patch oscillator 123 are both 54.5mm / 2. In other words, the operating wavelength of the low-frequency radiation unit 110 can be obtained through the low-frequency center operating frequency, and then the length of the first microstrip patch oscillator 112 can be obtained through the operating wavelength of the low-frequency radiation unit 110. Similarly, the operating wavelength of the high-frequency radiation unit 120 can be obtained through the high-frequency center operating frequency, and then the lengths of the second microstrip patch oscillator 122 and the third microstrip patch oscillator 123 can be obtained through the operating wavelength of the high-frequency radiation unit 120.

[0066] In some embodiments of this application, the antenna array includes eight antenna modules 100, and the center lines of two adjacent antenna modules 100 are angled at 45°.

[0067] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the antenna array includes eight antenna modules 100 and an array base plate for supporting the antenna modules 100. The center lines of two adjacent antenna modules 100 are angled at 45°. That is, the eight antenna modules 100 are placed around the center of the array base plate as the axis, and one antenna module 100 is placed every 45°.

[0068] refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the VSWR parameters of an antenna array in the 2400MHz-2500MHz frequency band provided in another embodiment of this application. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the VSWR parameters of an antenna array in the 5150MHz-5850MHz frequency band provided in another embodiment of this application, for reference. Figure 8 and Figure 9 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the gain parameters of an antenna array at a frequency of 2450MHz provided in another embodiment of this application. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the gain parameters of an antenna array at a frequency of 5500MHz provided in another embodiment of this application; it can be seen that the antenna array provided in this embodiment of the application, through the coaxial arrangement, can have low reflection in the working frequency band, and the gain of the antenna array can reach more than 12dB, with good signal transmission and reception capabilities.

[0069] The embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of this application.

[0070] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, instruments, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the instrument embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the shown or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between instruments or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms. Units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0071] It should also be understood that the various implementation methods provided in this application can be combined arbitrarily to achieve different technical effects.

[0072] The embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna array, characterized in that, It includes a controller and multiple antenna modules (100), the controller being used to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module (100) respectively, each antenna module (100) having an outward radiating surface and multiple antenna modules (100) being arranged around the same axis; The antenna module (100) includes a low-frequency radiating unit (110) and a high-frequency radiating unit (120). The low-frequency radiating unit (110) includes a first dielectric substrate (111) and a first microstrip patch vibrator (112) disposed on one side of the first dielectric substrate (111). The high-frequency radiating unit (120) includes a second dielectric substrate (121) and a second microstrip patch vibrator (122) disposed on one side of the second dielectric substrate (121), and a third microstrip patch vibrator (123) disposed on the other side of the second dielectric substrate (121).

2. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the antenna array transmits an antenna signal, the controller is used to control the phase of each antenna module (100) to enhance the radiation intensity of the transmitted antenna signal in a predetermined direction, and to control the amplitude of each antenna module (100) to control the beam shape and direction of the transmitted antenna signal based on the predetermined direction.

3. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the antenna array receives antenna signals, the controller controls the phase and amplitude of each antenna module (100) to enhance the strength of the received antenna signal from a predetermined direction.

4. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna module (100) further includes a base plate (130). The base plate (130) is provided with a feed network (140) and support columns on one side for supporting the low-frequency radiating unit (110) and the high-frequency radiating unit (120). The support columns include a first support column (151) and a second support column (152). The first support column (151) is used to support the low-frequency radiating unit (110), and the second support column (152) is used to support the high-frequency radiating unit (120). The first support column (151) is provided with a first microstrip line for connecting the feed network (140) and the low-frequency radiating unit (110), and the second support column (152) is provided with a second microstrip line for connecting the feed network (140) and the high-frequency radiating unit (120).

5. The antenna array according to claim 4, characterized in that, The low-frequency radiation unit (110) includes multiple sets of first microstrip patch oscillators (112) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the base plate (130).

6. The antenna array according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first microstrip patch oscillator (112) includes a rectangular microstrip dipole disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate (111) away from the base plate (130).

7. The antenna array according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power supply network (140) includes impedance matching stubs for adjusting the input impedance of the low-frequency radiation unit (110) and the high-frequency radiation unit (120).

8. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-frequency radiating unit (110) has an antenna frequency band of 2400MHz-2500MHz and a low-frequency center operating frequency of 2450MHz. The high-frequency radiating unit (120) has an antenna frequency band of 5150MHz-5850MHz and a high-frequency center operating frequency of 5500MHz.

9. The antenna array according to claim 8, characterized in that, The length of the first microstrip patch oscillator (112) is obtained by the low-frequency center operating frequency, and the lengths of the second microstrip patch oscillator (122) and the third microstrip patch oscillator (123) are obtained by the high-frequency center operating frequency.

10. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes eight antenna modules (100), and the center lines of two adjacent antenna modules (100) are angled at 45°.

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