An antenna array

Abstract

The application discloses an antenna array, relates to the technical field of antennas, and comprises a controller and a plurality of antenna modules, wherein the controller is used for controlling the phase and amplitude of each antenna module respectively, the radiation surface of each antenna module faces outward, and the plurality of antenna modules are arranged around the same axis; each antenna module comprises a low-frequency radiation unit and a high-frequency radiation unit; the low-frequency radiation unit comprises a first dielectric plate and a first microstrip patch vibrator arranged on one side of the first dielectric plate; the high-frequency radiation unit comprises a second dielectric plate, a second microstrip patch vibrator arranged on one side of the second dielectric plate, and a third microstrip patch vibrator arranged on the other side of the second dielectric plate. The application aims to enhance the directivity of an omnidirectional antenna array, reduce the volume of the antenna array, and reduce the cost of the antenna array.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna array. BACKGROUND

[0002] An antenna array refers to an antenna system arranged by multiple antenna units. An antenna array with different arrangement modes and different types of antenna units can achieve different functions. For example, an unmanned aerial vehicle jamming system using an antenna array transmits signals through the antenna array to interfere with a specific frequency band of remote control signals, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle loses connection with the operator and is forced to enter a lost connection protection mode. The jamming system is required to be omnidirectional to cover all directions. However, in the related art, the directivity of the omnidirectional antenna array is poor, and the cost of using directional technology is high because high-precision directional jamming requires complex technology (such as a phased array antenna), resulting in a large device size and high cost. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art, and provides an antenna array to enhance the directivity of an omnidirectional antenna array, reduce the size of the antenna array, and reduce the cost of the antenna array.

[0004] An antenna array is provided in an embodiment of the present application, which includes a controller and multiple antenna modules. The controller is used to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module. The radiation surface of each antenna module faces outward, and the multiple antenna modules are arranged around the same axis.

[0005] The antenna module includes a low-frequency radiation unit and a high-frequency radiation unit. The low-frequency radiation unit includes a first dielectric plate and a first microstrip patch oscillator arranged on one side of the first dielectric plate. The high-frequency radiation unit includes a second dielectric plate and a second microstrip patch oscillator arranged on one side of the second dielectric plate, and a third microstrip patch oscillator arranged on the other side of the second dielectric plate.

[0006] According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, the following beneficial effects are achieved: the radiation surface of each antenna module faces outward, and omnidirectionality can be achieved through the multiple antenna modules; the multiple antenna modules are arranged around the same axis, that is, the multiple antenna modules are arranged in a coaxial array; the controller can control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module respectively, so that the multiple antenna modules work cooperatively to achieve efficient transmission and reception of signals; that is, by adjusting the phase of each antenna module, the signals can be in phase in a specific direction, thereby enhancing the radiation intensity; by adjusting the amplitude of each antenna module, the beam shape and direction can be further optimized; in addition, the high-frequency radiation unit includes second and third microstrip patch oscillators arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the second dielectric plate, and such a double-sided structure can form an array-like effect to further enhance the directivity; and the microstrip patch oscillators used as the radiation units in the low-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency radiation unit have small volume and low cost, which can effectively reduce the volume and cost of the antenna array.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the case of transmitting an antenna signal by the antenna array, the controller is configured to control the phase of each antenna module to enhance the radiation intensity of the transmitted antenna signal in a predetermined direction, and control the amplitude of each antenna module to control the beam shape and direction when transmitting the antenna signal based on the predetermined direction.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present application, in the case of receiving an antenna signal by the antenna array, the controller is configured to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module to enhance the received antenna signal intensity from a predetermined direction.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present application, the antenna module further includes a bottom plate, one side of the bottom plate is configured to carry the low-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency radiation unit, and is provided with a feed network and a support column; the support column includes a first support column and a second support column; the first support column is configured to support the low-frequency radiation unit; the second support column is configured to support the high-frequency radiation unit; the first support column is provided with a first microstrip line for connecting the feed network and the low-frequency radiation unit; and the second support column is provided with a second microstrip line for connecting the feed network and the high-frequency radiation unit.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, the low-frequency radiation unit includes multiple groups of first microstrip patch oscillators symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom plate.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, the first microstrip patch oscillator includes a rectangular microstrip dipole arranged on the side of the first dielectric plate away from the bottom plate.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, the feed network comprises an impedance matching branch for adjusting input impedance of the low-frequency radiating unit and the high-frequency radiating unit.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, the antenna frequency band of the low-frequency radiating unit is 2400-2500MHz, and the low-frequency center operating frequency is 2450MHz; the antenna frequency band of the high-frequency radiating unit is 5150-5850MHz, and the high-frequency center operating frequency is 5500MHz.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, the length of the first microstrip patch resonator is obtained by the low-frequency center operating frequency, and the lengths of the second microstrip patch resonator and the third microstrip patch resonator are obtained by the high-frequency center operating frequency.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, there are 8 antenna modules, and the included angle between the center lines of two adjacent antenna modules is 45°.

[0016] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or can be learned by practice of the present application. The objects and other advantages of the present application will be realized and achieved by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the technical scheme of the present application, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the technical scheme of the present application together with the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation to the technical scheme of the present application.

[0018] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments;

[0019] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a high-frequency radiating unit provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the VSWR parameter of the antenna array in the frequency band of 2400-2500MHz provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the VSWR parameter of the antenna array in the frequency band of 5150-5850MHz provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the gain parameter of the antenna array at the frequency of 2450MHz provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the gain parameter of the antenna array at the frequency of 5500MHz provided by another embodiment of the present application.

[0028] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS: 100, antenna module; 110, low-frequency radiation unit; 120, high-frequency radiation unit; 111, first dielectric plate; 112, first microstrip patch vibrator; 121, second dielectric plate; 122, second microstrip patch vibrator; 123, third microstrip patch vibrator; 130, bottom plate; 140, feed network; 151, first support column; 152, second support column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] This part will describe the specific embodiments of the present application in detail, the preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, the role of the drawings is to supplement the description of the text part with graphics, so that people can intuitively and visually understand each technical feature and the overall technical scheme of the present application, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.

[0030] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation description, such as the orientation or position relationship indicated by up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element indicated must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0031] In the description of the present application, several meanings are one or more, and multiple meanings are more than two, greater than, less than, more than, etc. are not included in the number, and above, below, etc. are included in the number. If it is described as first, second, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the sequence of indicated technical features.

[0032] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly defined, the words such as arrangement, installation, connection, etc. should be understood broadly, and those skilled in the art can determine the specific meaning of the above words in the present application in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0033] It can be understood that, as the application of unmanned aerial vehicles becomes more and more extensive, the low-altitude safety problem has become increasingly serious. As an important protection tool to deal with the threat of unmanned aerial vehicles, the unmanned aerial vehicle interference system has played an important role in various key scenes such as airports and aviation fields, large event venues, etc.

[0034] The main way to interfere with unmanned aerial vehicles is to interfere with control signals, for example, to interfere with remote control signals in the frequency band of 2400MHz or 5800MHz, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle loses connection with the operator and is forced to enter a lost connection protection mode (such as automatic landing or return). Such interference requires sending a high-intensity interference signal to the unmanned aerial vehicle communication link, so that it cannot receive the original control instructions, while avoiding affecting other communication equipment.

[0035] In order to achieve the above purpose, the unmanned aerial vehicle interference system needs to be equipped with an antenna array to meet the following technical requirements:

[0036] Transmitting frequency: the transmitting frequency of the antenna should be able to cover the frequency bands of 2400MHz and 5800MHz at the same time;

[0037] All-around coverage: the interference system should be able to achieve omnidirectional coverage to cover all directions;

[0038] Directional interference: through directional antennas, the interference signal is focused on the target area to enhance the interference effect and reduce the interference on surrounding other information equipment. In special scenarios, in order to achieve long-distance interference, the signal needs to be focused on the target area, which requires the interference system to be able to achieve high-gain directional transmission.

[0039] However, in the related art, the antenna array of the unmanned aerial vehicle interference system has the following shortcomings:

[0040] Limited coverage: most interference systems have a short effective range, making it difficult to deal with long-distance or high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles;

[0041] Side effects of non-directional interference: omnidirectional interference may affect surrounding legal communication equipment, and even interfere with critical facilities;

[0042] High cost of directional technology: high-precision directional interference requires complex technology (such as phased array antennas), resulting in large device size and high cost.

[0043] Based on the above situation, the present application provides an antenna array to enhance the directivity of an omnidirectional antenna array, reduce the size of the antenna array, and reduce the cost of the antenna array.

[0044] The application will be further described below with reference to the drawings.

[0045] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the application, Figure 2 is a top structural schematic diagram of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the application, the antenna array comprising a controller and a plurality of antenna modules 100, the controller being configured to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100 respectively, and each antenna module 100 having a radiation surface facing outward and the plurality of antenna modules 100 being arranged around the same axis;

[0046] The antenna module 100 comprises a low-frequency radiation unit 110 and a high-frequency radiation unit 120, the low-frequency radiation unit 110 comprising a first dielectric plate 111 and a first microstrip patch oscillator 112 arranged on one side of the first dielectric plate 111, and the high-frequency radiation unit 120 comprising a second dielectric plate 121 and a second microstrip patch oscillator 122 arranged on one side of the second dielectric plate 121, and a third microstrip patch oscillator 123 arranged on the other side of the second dielectric plate 121.

[0047] In the embodiment, the antenna array comprises a controller and a plurality of antenna modules 100, wherein the plurality of antenna modules 100 are arranged to form an array of antenna modules 100, and in the embodiment, the arrangement of the plurality of antenna modules 100 comprises that each antenna module 100 has a radiation surface facing outward and the plurality of antenna modules 100 are arranged around the same axis; that is, the arrangement of the plurality of antenna modules 100 comprises that the plurality of antenna modules 100 are symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed in a ring around the same axis, which can be uniformly spaced circumferential arrangement, or non-uniform distribution according to the radiation requirements, or multi-level axial stacking to form a three-dimensional ring structure, so as to realize omnidirectional signal coverage or directional enhancement in space, thereby preserving the independent radiation characteristics of a single antenna module 100 and improving the performance of the antenna array through the synergistic effect of the overall layout.

[0048] In addition, the controller is configured to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100 respectively, and through the controller controlling the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100 respectively, precise control of the beam and efficient signal processing can be realized, and the antenna array provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages of high gain, flexible beam control, strong anti-interference capability, etc., and can be applied to the fields of radar, satellite communication and wireless communication, etc.

[0049] Specifically, the controller can achieve precise control of the electromagnetic beam by independently adjusting the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100, thereby optimizing the directivity and intensity distribution of signal transmission, improving the overall performance and beamforming capability of the antenna array. In practical applications, the beam width, pointing angle and sidelobe suppression level can be dynamically adjusted in real time by adjusting the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100 according to actual needs to adapt to different application scenarios. In addition, by adjusting the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100 in real time, external interference signals can be effectively suppressed, the anti-interference ability can be improved, and the stability and reliability of the communication or detection process can be ensured.

[0050] In the present embodiment, the antenna module 100 includes a low-frequency radiation unit 110 and a high-frequency radiation unit 120. It can be understood that the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120 are respectively used to undertake different signal transceiving functions. The low-frequency radiation unit 110 is mainly used to cover a longer wavelength range and is suitable for long-distance communication and strong penetration scenarios. Its characteristics are long wavelength and strong diffraction ability, which can effectively overcome obstacles and reduce signal attenuation. The high-frequency radiation unit 120 is mainly used for a shorter wavelength range and is suitable for high-speed data transmission and high-precision detection. Its characteristics are wide bandwidth and stronger directivity, which can support higher information transmission rate and finer beam control, and is suitable for satellite communication, millimeter wave radar and high-capacity wireless network scenarios. Based on this, by installing the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120 in the same antenna module 100, the antenna module 100 can form a wideband coverage when working, taking into account the needs of long-distance communication and high-precision signal processing, so that the antenna module 100 can adapt to different application scenarios.

[0051] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the antenna module 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application, Figure 4is a top view structural schematic diagram of the antenna module 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment, the low-frequency radiation unit 110 includes a first dielectric plate 111 and a first microstrip patch resonator 112 arranged on one side of the first dielectric plate 111. It can be understood that the first dielectric plate 111 is a substrate for carrying the first microstrip patch resonator 112. The first dielectric plate 111 can be a material with a relatively low dielectric constant and loss tangent, for example, FR4 epoxy glass fiber, Rogers RO4003C, or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) high-frequency board material, to ensure the stability of signal transmission and low dielectric loss. In a specific arrangement, the thickness and dielectric constant of the first dielectric plate 111 can be matched with the low-frequency operating frequency band, and the first dielectric plate 111 can adopt a relatively thick substrate to enhance the mechanical strength and optimize the radiation efficiency, while the impedance characteristics can be further adjusted through multi-layer stacking or hybrid dielectric structure. In addition, the radiation surface of each antenna module 100 faces outward, and the first microstrip patch resonator 112 is arranged on one side of the first dielectric plate 111, that is, the first microstrip patch resonator 112 is arranged on the outward-facing side of the first dielectric plate 111, so that the radiation surface of the low-frequency radiation unit 110 faces outward.

[0052] The radiator of the low-frequency radiation unit 110 is the first microstrip patch resonator 112, that is, the radiator of the low-frequency radiation unit 110 adopts the form of a microstrip patch. It can be understood that the microstrip patch resonator can be directly integrated on the first dielectric plate 111, which not only saves space but also can be designed integrally with the feed network 140, reducing the complexity and assembly difficulty of the overall antenna. In addition, the microstrip patch resonator has good directivity and stable radiation characteristics, and can form a relatively uniform beam coverage. By adjusting the patch shape, size, or loading slots, etc., the resonant frequency and impedance matching can be adjusted to adapt to different low-frequency band requirements. Therefore, by adopting the form of the first microstrip patch resonator 112, the antenna module 100 has a relatively low profile height, which can reduce the volume of the antenna module 100.

[0053] In the embodiment, the high-frequency radiation unit 120 includes a second dielectric plate 121 and a second microstrip patch vibrator 122 disposed on one side of the second dielectric plate 121, and a third microstrip patch vibrator 123 disposed on the other side of the second dielectric plate 121. It can be understood that the second dielectric plate 121 is a material plate for carrying the second microstrip patch vibrator 122 and the third microstrip patch vibrator 123, and the second dielectric plate 121 serves as a carrying substrate of the microstrip patch vibrator of the high-frequency radiation unit 120. Compared with the first dielectric plate 111 of the low-frequency radiation unit 110, a material with lower dielectric constant and smaller dielectric loss can be selected, for example, a Rogers RT / duroid series or Taconic RF series ceramic-filled PTFE substrate, to reduce signal attenuation and phase distortion in the high-frequency band. Moreover, compared with the first dielectric plate 111 of the low-frequency radiation unit 110, the second dielectric plate 121 can adopt a thinner substrate, and the surface flatness and metal coating precision are higher, to ensure accurate processing and stable performance of the microstrip patch vibrator under short-wavelength conditions. It should be noted that the first dielectric plate 111 and the second dielectric plate 121 can also consider electromagnetic compatibility when integrated, for example, by using an isolation layer or a gradual impedance design to reduce mutual interference, so that the high-frequency and low-frequency radiation units 110 can still maintain their respective performance advantages when working cooperatively in a limited space.

[0054] Similarly, the radiators of the high-frequency radiation unit 120 are the second microstrip patch vibrator 122 and the third microstrip patch vibrator 123, that is, the radiators of the high-frequency radiation unit 120 also adopt the form of microstrip patches. In this way, not only space can be saved, but also the high-frequency radiation unit 120 can be designed integrally with the feed network 140, reducing the complexity and assembly difficulty of the overall antenna. Moreover, the microstrip patch vibrator has good directivity and stable radiation characteristics, and can form a relatively uniform beam coverage. By adjusting the patch shape, size or loading slots, the resonant frequency and impedance matching can be adjusted to adapt to different low-frequency band requirements.

[0055] Moreover, the second dielectric plate 121 is provided with microstrip patch vibrators on both sides, and such a double-sided structure can form an array-like effect to enhance directivity, and the two-sided vibrators can work simultaneously to improve gain, while avoiding occupying more space and realizing miniaturization of the structure, thereby significantly improving the space utilization and radiation performance of the antenna module 100.

[0056] It can be understood that the microstrip patch oscillators are arranged on both sides of the second dielectric plate 121, and such a double-sided layout enables the high-frequency radiation unit 120 to achieve a denser array arrangement in a limited area, thereby enhancing the flexibility and pointing accuracy of beamforming. Specifically, the double-sided microstrip oscillators can achieve bidirectional radiation or form more complex three-dimensional beam coverage through phase control, thereby achieving multi-angle signal transmission or omnidirectional communication requirements. Moreover, due to the short wavelength of high-frequency signals, the coupling effect of the double-sided patches can be optimized to expand the operating bandwidth or improve the gain, and the ground layer in the middle of the dielectric plate can effectively isolate the mutual interference between the oscillators on the two sides. Therefore, such a double-sided layout can also balance the radiation pattern and suppress unnecessary sidelobe interference.

[0057] In the antenna array provided in some embodiments of the present application, in the case of transmitting an antenna signal by the antenna array, the controller is configured to control the phase of each antenna module 100 to enhance the radiation intensity of the transmitted antenna signal in a predetermined direction, and control the amplitude of each antenna module 100 to control the beam shape and direction when transmitting the antenna signal based on the predetermined direction.

[0058] It can be understood that the plurality of antenna modules 100 are arranged around the same axis, that is, the plurality of antenna modules 100 of the antenna array are arranged coaxially to form a coaxial array, thereby facilitating the control of the phase and amplitude of each antenna unit.

[0059] In the present embodiment, in the case of transmitting an antenna signal by the antenna array, the controller is configured to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100, wherein the controller can make the electromagnetic wave signals emitted by the radiation units of each antenna module 100 in the predetermined direction in phase by precisely controlling the phase of each antenna module 100, thereby enhancing the radiation intensity in the predetermined direction. Specifically, when electromagnetic waves are emitted from different antenna modules 100 and propagate in space, due to the spatial position difference of each antenna module 100 in the array, there will be a phase difference when the signals arrive at the predetermined direction. Therefore, the controller compensates for these phase differences by calculating to make the signals of all antenna modules 100 in phase in the predetermined direction, forming coherent superposition, thereby significantly improving the radiation field strength.

[0060] In addition, the controller can further optimize the beam shape and directivity by adjusting the amplitude distribution of each antenna module 100. Specifically, the amplitude weighting can control the aperture field distribution of the antenna array, for example, adopting a tapered amplitude distribution can reduce the sidelobe level and reduce energy leakage; while symmetric or asymmetric amplitude adjustment can adjust the beam width or deflect the main lobe direction. Therefore, through the coordinated regulation of phase and amplitude, the antenna array can not only concentrate energy on the specified direction to improve the gain, but also dynamically adjust the pointing angle, width and shape of the beam according to the requirements, realize flexible beamforming, and adapt to the requirements of signal coverage range and interference suppression in different application scenarios such as communication and radar.

[0061] In the antenna array provided in some embodiments of the present application, in the case of receiving antenna signals by the antenna array, the controller is configured to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100 to enhance the strength of the received antenna signals from a predetermined direction.

[0062] In the present embodiment, in the case of receiving antenna signals by the antenna array, the controller can also be configured to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module 100. Specifically, during the signal receiving process, by detecting the phase difference of the signals received by each antenna module 100 in real time, the controller can dynamically adjust the phase delay and amplitude weight of each channel, so that the antenna signals from the predetermined direction are in phase when superimposed, thereby enhancing the receiving sensitivity in that direction; at the same time, through an adaptive algorithm, the signals from other directions are subjected to opposite phase compensation, so that they are cancelled out when superimposed, effectively suppressing interference and noise, improving the signal-to-noise ratio, and especially in complex electromagnetic environments, the weak target signal can be accurately extracted.

[0063] In addition, in the case of receiving antenna signals by the antenna array, the controller can realize rapid scanning of the beam by rapidly adjusting the phase and amplitude, without mechanical rotation, that is, through the rapid calculation of the phase difference of the array elements by the high-speed digital signal processor inside the controller, by periodically changing the phase offset of each antenna module 100, the main lobe of the beam is continuously deflected in space electronically without mechanical rotation, and the scanning speed can reach milliseconds, far exceeding the traditional mechanical scanning method; for example, when the antenna array needs to monitor multiple targets at the same time, the digital beamforming technology can be used to generate independent receiving beams in different directions, each beam has configurable width and gain characteristics, and multiple tasks can be processed in parallel.

[0064] In an embodiment, in the case of receiving antenna signals by the antenna array, the controller can identify the direction of the interference source by a direction estimation algorithm, and then form a radiation null in the direction of the interference by using an adaptive beamforming algorithm, that is, by optimizing the complex weighting coefficients in real time, so that the array pattern produces a deep notch in the direction of the interference while keeping the gain in the target direction unaffected, and by combining the space-time joint processing technology, so that it can effectively resist wideband interference and mobile interference sources.

[0065] In the antenna array provided in some embodiments of the present application, the antenna module 100 further comprises a bottom plate 130 for carrying the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120, one side of the bottom plate 130 is provided with a feed network 140 and support columns, the support columns include a first support column 151 for supporting the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and a second support column 152 for supporting the high-frequency radiation unit 120, the first support column 151 is provided with a first microstrip line for connecting the feed network 140 and the low-frequency radiation unit 110, and the second support column 152 is provided with a second microstrip line for connecting the feed network 140 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120. Figure 3 Figure 4 In the antenna array provided in some embodiments of the present application, the antenna module 100 further comprises a bottom plate 130 for carrying the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120, one side of the bottom plate 130 is provided with a feed network 140 and support columns, the support columns include a first support column 151 for supporting the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and a second support column 152 for supporting the high-frequency radiation unit 120, the first support column 151 is provided with a first microstrip line for connecting the feed network 140 and the low-frequency radiation unit 110, and the second support column 152 is provided with a second microstrip line for connecting the feed network 140 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120.

[0066] In the present embodiment, the antenna module 100 further comprises a bottom plate 130, that is, a substrate for carrying the entire antenna module 100, one side of the bottom plate 130 for carrying the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120 is provided with a feed network 140 and support columns, that is, the feed network 140, the support columns, the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120 and other antenna components are arranged on the same side of the bottom plate 130, and the bottom plate 130 serves as an integrated carrying substrate of the entire antenna module 100 for providing mechanical support and electrical interconnection for each antenna component;

[0067] In the present embodiment, the antenna module 100 further comprises a bottom plate 130, that is, a substrate for carrying the entire antenna module 100, one side of the bottom plate 130 for carrying the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120 is provided with a feed network 140 and support columns, that is, the feed network 140, the support columns, the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120 and other antenna components are arranged on the same side of the bottom plate 130, and the bottom plate 130 serves as an integrated carrying substrate of the entire antenna module 100 for providing mechanical support and electrical interconnection for each antenna component;In addition, the positions of the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120 on the bottom plate 130 can follow the electromagnetic compatibility principle, for example, the mutual coupling effect can be suppressed by partition layout and ground isolation, and the feed ports of the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120 and the feed network 140 can achieve efficient signal transmission through vertical interconnection structure.

[0068] The support columns include a first support column 151 for supporting the low-frequency radiating unit 110 and a second support column 152 for supporting the high-frequency radiating unit 120. The first support column 151 is provided with a first microstrip line for connecting the feed network 140 and the low-frequency radiating unit 110, and the second support column 152 is provided with a second microstrip line for connecting the feed network 140 and the high-frequency radiating unit 120. That is, the first support column 151 and the second support column 152 not only serve to support the corresponding first dielectric plate 111 and the second dielectric plate 121, but also serve as intermediate components for connecting the feed network 140 and the high-low frequency radiating unit 110. Therefore, the number of first support columns 151 and the arrangement of the first support columns 151, as well as the number of second support columns 152 and the arrangement of the second support columns, can take into account the positions of the feed points of the feed network 140 and the positions of the microstrip patch resonators of the high-low frequency radiating unit 110. For example, the specific orientation of the first support column 151 needs to be aligned with the feed point of the low-frequency radiating unit 110 and the corresponding contact point of the feed network 140. The microstrip line built into each first support column 151 connects the branch output end of the feed network 140 with the feed port of the corresponding azimuthal microstrip patch resonator. In this way, the signal transmission path can be shortened, and the insertion loss can be effectively reduced.

[0069] In addition, the microstrip line provided on the support column can adopt a metalized via or a coaxial structure, and a ground isolation ring can be provided around the support column to suppress signal leakage. In another embodiment, the number of first support columns 151 and the arrangement of the first support columns 151, as well as the number of second support columns 152 and the arrangement of the second support columns, also need to take into account the potential impact of the support columns on the near-field distribution of the high-low frequency radiating unit 110, and then optimize their diameters and positions through electromagnetic simulation and other means to minimize the disturbance of the structural components to the radiation pattern.

[0070] The first support column 151 can correspond to the first dielectric plate 111 supporting the low-frequency radiating unit 110, that is, the number of first support columns 151 can be equal to the number of first dielectric plates 111, or can not correspond to the first dielectric plate 111 supporting the low-frequency radiating unit 110. Because one first dielectric plate 111 can be provided with one first microstrip patch resonator 112, or can be provided with a plurality of first microstrip patch resonators 112. For example, referring to Figure 2In the antenna module 100, one first dielectric plate 111 is arranged on each side of the antenna module 100, and two first microstrip patch oscillators 112 are arranged on one first dielectric plate 111, so that each first dielectric plate 111 corresponds to two first support columns 151; if one first dielectric plate 111 is arranged on each side of the antenna module 100, and one first microstrip patch oscillator 112 is arranged on one first dielectric plate 111, then each first dielectric plate 111 can correspond to only one first support column 151.

[0071] In summary, the position of the feed network 140, the position of the support plate, the number of support plates, the number of microstrip patch oscillators of the high-frequency and low-frequency radiation units 110, and the position of the microstrip patch oscillators of the high-frequency and low-frequency radiation units 110 need to be considered comprehensively in the layout, wherein the wiring of the feed network 140 needs to not only ensure the integrity of signal transmission, but also avoid the installation area of the support column to avoid physical interference; the number and position of the support columns not only affect the structural strength, but also determine the interconnection path between the feed network 140 and the high-frequency and low-frequency radiation units 110; and the number and arrangement of the high-frequency and low-frequency microstrip patch oscillators are directly related to the radiation performance and frequency range coverage of the antenna.

[0072] In the antenna array provided in some embodiments of the present application, the low-frequency radiation unit 110 includes a plurality of groups of first microstrip patch oscillators 112 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom plate 130.

[0073] It can be understood that, due to the longer wavelength, the radiation capacity of a single oscillator is limited, and therefore, in the present embodiment, the low-frequency radiation unit 110 includes a plurality of groups of first microstrip patch oscillators 112, which can enhance the radiation efficiency and expand the effective bandwidth by working cooperatively. In addition, the plurality of groups of first microstrip patch oscillators 112 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom plate 130, and the left-right symmetric layout can form a more balanced radiation field pattern to avoid distortion of the directional diagram. Specifically, when the signal is excited in-phase and with equal amplitude by the feed network 140, the left-right symmetric first microstrip patch oscillators 112 will produce a superimposed radiation field to form a more uniform coverage in the horizontal plane; by controlling the phase difference of the first microstrip patch oscillators 112 on both sides, directional deflection of the beam or adjustment of the beam width can be achieved; at the same time, the left-right grouping arrangement can also effectively utilize the transverse space of the antenna module 100, and avoid the mutual coupling effect caused by too close spacing between the first microstrip patch oscillators 112.

[0074] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the present embodiment, the low-frequency radiation unit 110 includes four groups of first microstrip patch oscillators 112 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom plate 130, wherein two groups of first microstrip patch oscillators 112 are arranged on one side of the bottom plate 130, and the other two groups of first microstrip patch oscillators 112 are symmetrically arranged on the other side of the bottom plate 130.

[0075] In the antenna array provided in some embodiments of the present application, the first microstrip patch resonator 112 includes a rectangular microstrip dipole arranged on the side of the first dielectric plate 111 away from the bottom plate 130.

[0076] It can be understood that the rectangular microstrip dipole has regular and easy-to-process geometric characteristics. From the electromagnetic characteristics, the long side of the rectangular structure determines the main mode working frequency of the low-frequency resonance. By adjusting the rectangular aspect ratio, the resonance characteristics and impedance matching of the dipole can be flexibly controlled, so that it better adapts to the wavelength requirements of the low-frequency band. Moreover, compared with other complex shapes, the current distribution of the rectangular dipole is more uniform, which can form a stable radiation pattern. The symmetrical structure helps to reduce cross-polarization radiation and improve the polarization purity of the antenna. When the antenna module 100 is laid out, the straight side characteristic of the rectangular dipole is also convenient for realizing regular spacing arrangement, which is conducive to controlling the mutual coupling effect between the low-frequency radiation units 110. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the first microstrip patch resonator 112 adopts a rectangular microstrip dipole, and the first microstrip patch resonator 112 is arranged on the side of the first dielectric plate 111 away from the bottom plate 130.

[0077] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the present embodiment, the first microstrip patch resonator 112 includes two symmetrical rectangular metal strips arranged on the side of the first dielectric plate 111 away from the bottom plate 130, so as to form a symmetrical microstrip dipole. In addition, the second microstrip patch resonator 122 includes two symmetrical profiled metal strips arranged on the side of the second dielectric plate 121 away from the bottom plate 130, so as to form a symmetrical microstrip dipole. Similarly, the third microstrip patch resonator 123 includes two symmetrical profiled metal strips arranged on the side of the second dielectric plate 121 close to the bottom plate 130, so as to form a symmetrical microstrip dipole. Moreover, the profiled metal strip adopted by the second microstrip patch resonator 122 is the same as the profiled metal strip adopted by the third microstrip patch resonator 123, but the connection positions of the two symmetrical profiled metal strips of the second microstrip patch resonator 122 are different from the connection positions of the two symmetrical profiled metal strips of the third microstrip patch resonator 123. In addition, reference Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a top view structural schematic diagram of a high-frequency radiation unit 120 provided in another embodiment of the present application. As can be seen, the second microstrip patch resonator 122 and the third microstrip patch resonator 123 on the two sides of the second dielectric plate 121 are not arranged correspondingly, that is, the directions of the second microstrip patch resonator 122 and the third microstrip patch resonator 123 on the two sides of the second dielectric plate 121 are different.

[0078] In the antenna array provided in some embodiments of the present application, the feed network 140 includes an impedance matching branch for adjusting the input impedance of the low-frequency radiating unit 110 and the high-frequency radiating unit 120.

[0079] It can be understood that due to the differences in structural size and electromagnetic characteristics between the high-frequency and low-frequency microstrip patch oscillators, the input impedance of the high-frequency and low-frequency microstrip dipole is usually not 50 ohms, and the impedance mismatch will cause part of the energy to be reflected back during signal transmission, which cannot be effectively radiated. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the feed network 140 includes an impedance matching branch, and through the specific shape and length of the microstrip line segment of the impedance matching branch, the transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves can be adjusted, and the input impedance of the microstrip patch oscillator, which may be various values such as 80 ohms or 30 ohms, can be finally converted to the standard 50 ohms. In this way, the impedance can be better matched, and the signal can be better transmitted from the feed line to the radiating unit, and almost all the energy can be converted into effective electromagnetic wave radiation, avoiding energy loss and ensuring the stability of the radiation pattern, so that the antenna can perform the best performance in each frequency band.

[0080] In the antenna array provided in some embodiments of the present application, the antenna frequency band of the low-frequency radiating unit 110 is 2400-2500 MHz, and the low-frequency center working frequency is 2450 MHz. The antenna frequency band of the high-frequency radiating unit 120 is 5150-5850 MHz, and the high-frequency center working frequency is 5500 MHz.

[0081] It can be understood that when the antenna array is applied to the unmanned aerial vehicle jamming system, the transmitting frequency of the antenna is required to cover the frequency bands of 2400 MHz and 5800 MHz at the same time. Therefore, in the present embodiment, when the antenna array is applied to the unmanned aerial vehicle jamming system, the antenna frequency band of the low-frequency radiating unit 110 is 2400-2500 MHz, and the low-frequency center working frequency is 2450 MHz. The antenna frequency band of the high-frequency radiating unit 120 is 5150-5850 MHz, and the high-frequency center working frequency is 5500 MHz.

[0082] In the antenna array provided in some embodiments of the present application, the length of the first microstrip patch oscillator 112 is obtained by the low-frequency center working frequency, and the lengths of the second microstrip patch oscillator 122 and the third microstrip patch oscillator 123 are obtained by the high-frequency center working frequency.

[0083] It can be understood that the dipole antenna is a classical and widely used antenna form, mainly used in radio communication. The dipole antenna is composed of a pair of symmetrically placed conductors, the two ends of the conductors are respectively connected with the feed line, and the basic principle of the dipole antenna is to drive the charges on the conductor arm to move back and forth through the electric signal at the feed position, thereby generating electromagnetic wave radiation. The dipole antenna is usually composed of two coaxial straight conductors, the length of the conductor arm is about one quarter of the wavelength of the antenna operating frequency, and the total length is half of the wavelength of the antenna operating frequency. This kind of antenna is called half-wave antenna. When the electric signal is fed into the conductor from the center of the antenna, a standing wave is formed on the conductor arm, and the wavelength of the standing wave is exactly the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated or received by the antenna. Due to the existence of such a standing wave, the dipole antenna can effectively radiate and receive electromagnetic waves.

[0084] Therefore, in the embodiment, the first microstrip patch resonator 112 of the low-frequency radiation unit 110, the second microstrip patch resonator 122 and the third microstrip patch resonator 123 of the high-frequency radiation unit 120 all adopt the form of dipole antenna, and then the operating wavelength of the low-frequency radiation unit 110 and the high-frequency radiation unit 120 can be obtained by the formula operating wavelength = light speed / operating frequency. In the embodiment, the low-frequency center operating frequency is 2450MHz, and the high-frequency center operating frequency is 5500MHz. In this way, through the above formula, the operating wavelength of the low-frequency radiation unit 110 is calculated to be 122.4mm, and the operating wavelength of the high-frequency radiation unit 120 is calculated to be 54.5mm. Further, the length of the first microstrip patch resonator 112 is 122.4mm / 2, and the length of the second microstrip patch resonator 122 and the third microstrip patch resonator 123 is 54.5mm / 2. That is, through the low-frequency center operating frequency, the operating wavelength of the low-frequency radiation unit 110 can be obtained, and then the length of the first microstrip patch resonator 112 is obtained through the operating wavelength of the low-frequency radiation unit 110. Similarly, through the high-frequency center operating frequency, the operating wavelength of the high-frequency radiation unit 120 can be obtained, and then the length of the second microstrip patch resonator 122 and the third microstrip patch resonator 123 is obtained through the operating wavelength of the high-frequency radiation unit 120.

[0085] In the antenna array provided in some embodiments of the application, eight antenna modules 100 are included, and the included angle between the center lines of two adjacent antenna modules 100 is 45°.

[0086] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment, the antenna array includes eight antenna modules 100 and an array base plate for carrying the antenna modules 100, the included angle between the center lines of two adjacent antenna modules 100 is 45°, that is, the array base plate is placed around the eight antenna modules 100 with the center of the array base plate as the axis, and an antenna module 100 is placed every 45°.

[0087] ReferenceFigure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 6 is a standing wave ratio parameter schematic diagram of the antenna array in the frequency band of 2400-2500 MHz provided by another embodiment of the present application, Figure 7 is a standing wave ratio parameter schematic diagram of the antenna array in the frequency band of 5150-5850 MHz provided by another embodiment of the present application, for reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 , Figure 8 is a gain parameter schematic diagram of the antenna array at the frequency of 2450 MHz provided by another embodiment of the present application, Figure 9 is a gain parameter schematic diagram of the antenna array at the frequency of 5500 MHz provided by another embodiment of the present application; it can be seen that, by means of coaxial arrangement, the antenna array provided by the embodiment of the present application can have lower reflection in the working frequency band, and the gain of the antenna array can reach more than 12 dB, having good signal transmitting and receiving capability.

[0088] The above describes the embodiments of the present application in detail in combination with the drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge range of ordinary skilled in the art without departing from the purpose of the present application.

[0089] In the several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely schematic, and the division of units is merely a logical function division, and actual implementation can have another division manner, for example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between the units shown or discussed can be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, apparatuses or units, and can be electrical, mechanical or other forms. The units described as separate components can be or can not be physically separated, and the units shown as units can be or can not be physical units, i.e., can be located in one place, or can be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment scheme.

[0090] It should also be understood that the various embodiments provided by the embodiments of the present application can be combined arbitrarily to achieve different technical effects.

[0091] The above describes the embodiments of the present application in detail in combination with the drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge range of ordinary skilled in the art without departing from the purpose of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna array, characterized in that, It includes a controller and multiple antenna modules (100), the controller being used to control the phase and amplitude of each antenna module (100) respectively, each antenna module (100) having an outward radiating surface and multiple antenna modules (100) being arranged around the same axis; The antenna module (100) includes a low-frequency radiating unit (110) and a high-frequency radiating unit (120). The low-frequency radiating unit (110) includes a first dielectric substrate (111) and a first microstrip patch vibrator (112) disposed on one side of the first dielectric substrate (111). The high-frequency radiating unit (120) includes a second dielectric substrate (121) and a second microstrip patch vibrator (122) disposed on one side of the second dielectric substrate (121), and a third microstrip patch vibrator (123) disposed on the other side of the second dielectric substrate (121). The second microstrip patch vibrator (122) and the third microstrip patch vibrator (123) are disposed in different directions on the second dielectric substrate (121). When the antenna array transmits an antenna signal, the controller is used to control the phase of each antenna module (100) to enhance the radiation intensity of the transmitted antenna signal in a predetermined direction, and to control the amplitude of each antenna module (100) to control the beam shape and direction of the transmitted antenna signal based on the predetermined direction.

2. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the antenna array receives antenna signals, the controller controls the phase and amplitude of each antenna module (100) to enhance the strength of the received antenna signal from a predetermined direction.

3. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna module (100) further includes a base plate (130). The base plate (130) is provided with a feed network (140) and support columns on one side for supporting the low-frequency radiating unit (110) and the high-frequency radiating unit (120). The support columns include a first support column (151) and a second support column (152). The first support column (151) is used to support the low-frequency radiating unit (110), and the second support column (152) is used to support the high-frequency radiating unit (120). The first support column (151) is provided with a first microstrip line for connecting the feed network (140) and the low-frequency radiating unit (110), and the second support column (152) is provided with a second microstrip line for connecting the feed network (140) and the high-frequency radiating unit (120).

4. The antenna array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The low-frequency radiation unit (110) includes multiple sets of first microstrip patch oscillators (112) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the base plate (130).

5. The antenna array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first microstrip patch oscillator (112) includes a rectangular microstrip dipole disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate (111) away from the base plate (130).

6. The antenna array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power supply network (140) includes impedance matching stubs for adjusting the input impedance of the low-frequency radiation unit (110) and the high-frequency radiation unit (120).

7. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-frequency radiating unit (110) has an antenna frequency band of 2400MHz-2500MHz and a low-frequency center operating frequency of 2450MHz. The high-frequency radiating unit (120) has an antenna frequency band of 5150MHz-5850MHz and a high-frequency center operating frequency of 5500MHz.

8. The antenna array according to claim 7, characterized in that, The length of the first microstrip patch oscillator (112) is obtained by the low-frequency center operating frequency, and the lengths of the second microstrip patch oscillator (122) and the third microstrip patch oscillator (123) are obtained by the high-frequency center operating frequency.

9. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes eight antenna modules (100), and the center lines of two adjacent antenna modules (100) are angled at 45°.

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