Flexible assembly device and method for motor rotor

Abstract

The invention relates to a flexible assembly device and method for a motor rotor. A hoisting device is used for being connected with the rotor and used for moving the rotor downwards into a stator; each guide tool comprises a mounting head and a guide rod, and the rigidity of the guide rods is gradually reduced in the direction away from the mounting heads; during assembly, the mounting head is used for being connected with a mounting hole of a motor shell assembly; the hoisting device hoists the rotor to the position above the motor shell assembly, the guide rod is not aligned, and the guide rod is directly bent and inserted into a mounting hole of a rotor end cover; in the process of lowering the rotor, the rigidity change of the guide rod generates transverse reset force to drive the rotor to rotate and self-align, so that the guide rod does not need to align with the rotor end cover, time is shortened, and assembling efficiency is improved; besides, for motors with different sizes, the guide tool has a calibration function, so that equipment does not need to be changed and adjusted, and the universality is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of motor assembly technology, and in particular to a flexible assembly device and method for motor rotors. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, drive motors are an indispensable and crucial component in new energy vehicles, with their core components including the rotor and stator. The assembly quality of the rotor and stator directly affects the motor's performance and lifespan. In the early development stages, multiple rounds of trial assembly are required to verify the design. However, if the design undergoes significant changes, tooling needs to be redeveloped, impacting the development cycle and increasing development costs.

[0003] In related technologies, the motor rotor assembly method involves hoisting the rotor and then gradually lowering it to contact the stator via a guide rod. However, the following main problems exist: First, it has poor versatility, is only suitable for motors of specific sizes, and cannot meet the production needs of a variety of motors and flexible production.

[0004] Second, the investment in tooling and equipment is large, and the maintenance costs are high, which is not conducive to the company's cost control; it also requires high technical skills from operators, which is not conducive to the optimal allocation of human resources.

[0005] Third, during the hoisting process, the guide rod may not be perfectly aligned with the positioning hole, requiring the rotor to be lowered slowly, resulting in a long assembly time and a complex process.

[0006] Therefore, how to design a method that can be applied to products of different sizes, ensure assembly accuracy and efficiency, and reduce equipment investment and maintenance costs is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application provides a flexible assembly device and method for motor rotors to solve the problem in related technologies where the guide rod may not be fully aligned with the positioning hole during hoisting, resulting in the need for the rotor to be slowly lowered and the assembly process being time-consuming.

[0008] In a first aspect, a flexible assembly device for an electric motor rotor is provided, comprising: A lifting device, which is used to connect to the rotor and to lower the rotor into the stator; At least two guide fixtures, each including a mounting head and a guide rod, the stiffness of which gradually decreases away from the mounting head; the mounting head is used to connect to a mounting hole in the motor housing assembly; the guide rod is used to insert into a mounting hole in the rotor end cover.

[0009] In some embodiments, the motor rotor flexible assembly device further includes an angle sensor for detecting the deviation angle between the central axis of the rotor and the central axis of the stator, and a speed sensor for detecting the downward speed of the rotor. The flexible assembly device for the motor rotor also includes a control device; the control device is connected to the lifting device, the angle sensor and the speed sensor, and is used to adjust the lifting device during the descent process based on the detection information from the angle sensor and the speed sensor.

[0010] In some embodiments, the guide rod includes a rigid section connected to the mounting head and an elastic section away from the mounting head; the stiffness of the elastic section gradually decreases from the end closer to the rigid section toward the end away from the rigid section.

[0011] In some embodiments, the guide rod is internally embedded with a shape memory alloy or a piezoelectric material; the guide rod is connected to an external excitation input line, which is connected to the shape memory alloy or piezoelectric material.

[0012] In some embodiments, the diameter of the guide rod is equal to the diameter of the mounting hole; The mounting head is a threaded connection part that connects to the mounting hole, or the mounting head is an elastic plug that connects to the mounting hole.

[0013] Secondly, a flexible assembly method for an electric motor rotor is provided, which includes the following steps: Provide a flexible assembly device for motor rotors; Two guide fixtures are installed on two mounting holes of the motor housing assembly; the two mounting holes are located at both ends of the diameter of the motor housing assembly. The rotor is hoisted above the motor housing assembly using a lifting device, and then the guide rod is inserted into the mounting hole of the rotor end cover. The rotor is lowered into the stator using a lifting device. During the lowering process, the stiffness of the guide rod changes, generating a lateral restoring force that drives the rotor to rotate and self-align. After the rotor end cover contacts the motor housing assembly, install the assembly bolts, remove the guide fixtures, and complete the assembly.

[0014] In some embodiments, the flexible assembly device for the motor rotor includes an angle sensor; the flexible assembly device for the motor rotor also includes a control device; the control device is connected to the lifting device and the angle sensor; The flexible assembly method for the motor rotor during the rotor lowering process includes the following steps: The angle deviation angle between the central axis of the rotor and the central axis of the stator is obtained using an angle sensor; Determine whether the deviation angle between the rotor's central axis and the stator's central axis is within the set range; If so, do not adjust the lifting device; If not, reduce the rotor's downward speed and simultaneously adjust the deviation angle between the rotor's central axis and the stator's central axis to the set range using the lifting device.

[0015] In some embodiments, the flexible assembly device for the motor rotor further includes a speed sensor; the flexible assembly device for the motor rotor further includes a control device; the control device is connected to the lifting device and the speed sensor; The flexible assembly method for motor rotors during the rotor lowering process also includes the following steps: The downward speed of the rotor is obtained using a speed sensor; Determine if the downward movement speed exceeds the design threshold; If so, the downward speed of the rotor is adjusted to be less than the design threshold using the lifting device; If not, do not adjust the lifting device.

[0016] In some embodiments, before hoisting the rotor, an inner bearing is first pressed into the lower end of the rotor, and a bearing plate is installed into the upper end; then an outer bearing is pressed into the rotor, followed by the assembly of the resolver rotor, and finally a fixing ring and rotor end cover are pressed into the rotor assembly.

[0017] In some embodiments, the stator is heated to a set temperature before being installed into the motor housing assembly, and finally the conductive ring and oil injection ring are assembled to form the stator assembly.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application include: This application provides a flexible assembly device and method for a motor rotor. A lifting device is used to connect to the rotor and lower it into the stator. At least two guide fixtures are used, each including a mounting head and a guide rod. The stiffness of the guide rod gradually decreases away from the mounting head. During assembly, the mounting head connects to the mounting holes of the motor housing assembly. The lifting device lifts the rotor above the motor housing assembly without aligning the guide rod; it directly bends the guide rod and inserts it into the mounting holes of the rotor end cover. During the lowering of the rotor, the change in stiffness of the guide rod generates a lateral restoring force, driving the rotor to rotate and self-align. This eliminates the need for alignment between the guide rod and the rotor end cover, reducing time and increasing assembly efficiency. Furthermore, since the guide fixtures have a built-in calibration function, no changes to the adjustment equipment are required for motors of different sizes, making it highly versatile. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor assembly provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the stator assembly provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the assembly of the rotor assembly and stator assembly using a flexible motor rotor assembly device, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guide tooling provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the rotor assembly and stator assembly after assembly, as provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Lifting device; 2. Rotor; 200. Inner bearing; 201. Bearing pressure plate; 202. Outer bearing; 203. Rotor; 204. Fixing ring; 3. Stator; 4. Guide fixture; 400. Mounting head; 401. Guide rod; 5. Motor housing assembly; 6. Rotor end cover; 7. Control device; 8. Assembly bolts; 9. Conductive ring; 10. Oil injection ring. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] In related technologies, the motor rotor assembly method involves hoisting the rotor and then gradually lowering it to contact the stator via a guide rod. However, the following main problems exist: First, it has poor versatility, is only suitable for motors of specific sizes, and cannot meet the production needs of a variety of motors and flexible production.

[0024] Second, the investment in tooling and equipment is large, and the maintenance costs are high, which is not conducive to the company's cost control; it also requires high technical skills from operators, which is not conducive to the optimal allocation of human resources.

[0025] Third, during the hoisting process, the guide rod may not be perfectly aligned with the positioning hole, requiring the rotor to be lowered slowly and the position of the guide rod to be manually adjusted continuously. This results in a time-consuming and complex assembly process. The root cause is that aligning the guide rod takes time, and the rotor may tilt if the descent is too rapid.

[0026] Therefore, designing a simple tooling system to assemble the motor during the prototyping stage is extremely beneficial for design verification and saving development costs. This proposal suggests a flexible motor assembly device to minimize the verification cost of the motor during the prototyping stage, providing a short-cycle, low-cost verification method for motor assembly.

[0027] This application provides a flexible assembly device and method for motor rotors to solve the problem in related technologies where the guide rod may not be fully aligned with the positioning hole during hoisting, resulting in the need for the rotor to be slowly lowered and the assembly process being time-consuming.

[0028] Please see Figure 1-Figure 5 The first aspect provides a flexible assembly device for an electric motor rotor, comprising: Lifting device 1, which is used to connect with rotor 2 and to move rotor 2 into stator 3; At least two guide fixtures 4, each guide fixture 4 including a mounting head 400 and a guide rod 401, the rigidity of the guide rod 401 gradually decreasing in the direction away from the mounting head 400; the mounting head 400 is used to connect with the mounting hole of the motor housing assembly 5; the guide rod 401 is used to insert into the mounting hole of the rotor end cover 6.

[0029] During assembly, the mounting head 400 is used to connect with the mounting holes of the motor housing assembly 5. The lifting device 1 lifts the rotor 2 above the motor housing assembly 5 without aligning the guide rod 401, and directly bends the guide rod 401 and inserts it into the mounting holes of the rotor end cover 6. Then, during the process of lowering the rotor 2, the change in stiffness of the guide rod 401 generates a lateral restoring force, which drives the rotor 2 to rotate and self-align, thus eliminating the need for alignment between the guide rod 401 and the rotor end cover 6, reducing time and speeding up assembly efficiency. In addition, for motors of different sizes, since the guide fixture 4 has a self-calibrating function, there is no need to change or adjust the equipment. The guide fixture 4 can be directly disassembled and connected to the mounting holes of the corresponding motor housing assembly 5, which has strong versatility.

[0030] The above principles can be further explained as follows: The guide fixture 4 includes a mounting head 400 and a guide rod 401. The mounting head 400 is used to fix and connect to the mounting hole of the motor housing assembly 5. The guide rod 401 is a variable stiffness elastic rod. The stiffness of the guide rod 401 gradually decreases in the direction from near the mounting head 400 to away from the mounting head 400. That is, the end of the guide rod 401 can produce greater deformation, while the root of the guide rod 401 can be regarded as a rigid body that does not produce significant deformation.

[0031] During the hoisting process, the rotor 2 is first hoisted to the position above the stator 3 by the hoisting device 1 for preliminary positioning. Due to assembly and manufacturing errors, there may be a situation where the guide rod 401 cannot be completely aligned with the mounting hole of the rotor end cover 6. In this case, the end of the guide rod 401 can be bent and inserted into the corresponding mounting hole. Since the end of the guide rod 401 has low rigidity, it can move in any direction and be easily inserted into the mounting hole of the rotor end cover 6. Then the rotor 2 is gradually lowered.

[0032] It should be noted that the installation of the guide rod 401 utilizes the mounting holes of the rotor end cover 6 and the motor housing assembly 5, thus its position is accurate. That is, if it deviates from the hole on the rotor end cover 6, the deviation direction of the two guide rods 401 is consistent. The lifting structure of the lifting device 1 is equipped with a lateral elastic structure. External forces need to overcome the elastic force. As the rotor gradually descends, due to the increasing stiffness of the guide rod 401, the lateral restoring elastic force generated by the guide rod 401 gradually increases. In order to gradually overcome the elastic force of the guide rod 401, the rotor 2 will automatically rotate clockwise or counterclockwise around the center of the lifting device, ensuring the automatic positioning of the rotor 2 during the assembly process, until the rotor 2 is guided to the required position. Furthermore, since the root of the guide rod 401 is a rigid body that does not undergo significant deformation, the rotor 2 can be accurately positioned to the required location.

[0033] The guide rod 401 adopts a stiffness gradient structure to achieve adaptive positioning and reset elastic force guidance, eliminating the need for repeated manual adjustment of the hole; the guide fixture uses the mounting holes of the motor housing assembly and rotor end cover 6 to ensure the accuracy of the initial positioning reference.

[0034] In some preferred embodiments, although the above can achieve accurate positioning of the final position, the rotor 2 is in motion during assembly. To avoid collisions during assembly, it is necessary to ensure that the rotor 2 always falls into the stator vertically and to maintain the gap between the rotor 2 and the stator 3. Therefore, the following settings are made: The motor rotor flexible assembly device also includes an angle sensor for detecting the deviation angle between the central axis of rotor 2 and the central axis of stator 3, and a speed sensor for detecting the downward speed of rotor 2; The flexible assembly device for the motor rotor also includes a control device 7; the control device 7 is connected to the lifting device 1, the angle sensor and the speed sensor, and is used to adjust the lifting device 1 during the descent process based on the detection information from the angle sensor and the speed sensor.

[0035] During installation, the control device 7 acts as a dedicated level, adjusting the lifting device 1 based on the detection information from the angle and speed sensors to ensure that the rotor 2 always falls vertically into the stator, thereby preventing the rotor and stator 2 from being magnetically attracted together.

[0036] In some preferred embodiments, the specific structure of the guide rod 401 is described as follows: The guide rod 401 includes a rigid section connected to the mounting head 400 and an elastic section away from the mounting head 400; the stiffness of the elastic section gradually decreases from the end near the rigid section to the end away from the rigid section. In this embodiment, the rigid section is defined to ensure that the root of the guide rod 401 is a rigid body that does not deform significantly, enabling the rotor 2 to be accurately positioned as required.

[0037] Furthermore, the guide rod 401 is internally embedded with shape memory alloy or piezoelectric material; the guide rod 401 is connected to an external excitation input line, which is connected to the shape memory alloy or piezoelectric material. The guide rod 401 can dynamically adjust its stiffness distribution through external excitation temperature / current, enhancing environmental adaptability; for example, different sizes of motors require different rotational forces, which can be set as needed, thus making it applicable to products of different sizes, no longer limited to motors of specific sizes, meeting the assembly needs of multiple product varieties, and improving the flexibility of trial production.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments, to enable rapid disassembly after positioning and installation, and to facilitate the fixing and disassembly of the guide fixture 4, the following settings are provided: The diameter of the guide rod 401 is equal to the diameter of the mounting hole; this is to ensure that the guide rod 401 can generate a better restoring elastic force in the lateral direction, and that the contact area at the point of action is large. Mounting head 400 is a threaded connection part that connects to the mounting hole, or mounting head 400 is an elastic plug that connects to the mounting hole; wherein the elastic plug not only achieves the effect of installation and disassembly, but also has the function of being applicable to products of different sizes, no longer limited to motors of a specific size, and can be stably connected to the mounting hole of the motor housing assembly 5 when compressed.

[0039] Secondly, this application also proposes a flexible assembly method for an electric motor rotor, which includes the following steps: Step 100: Provide a flexible assembly device for the motor rotor; Step 200: Install the two guide fixtures 4 on the two mounting holes of the motor housing assembly 5; the two mounting holes are located at both ends of the diameter of the motor housing assembly 5; this ensures that the guide fixtures 4 are symmetrically set up and achieves synchronous descent; Step 300: Use the lifting device 1 to lift the rotor 2 above the motor housing assembly 5, and then insert the guide rod 401 into the mounting hole of the rotor end cover 6 of the rotor 2. Step 400: Using the lifting device 1, the rotor 2 is lowered into the stator 3. During the lowering process, the stiffness of the guide rod 401 changes, generating a lateral restoring force, which drives the rotor 2 to rotate and self-align. Step 500: After the rotor end cover 6 contacts the motor housing assembly 5, install the assembly bolts 8, remove the guide fixture 4, and complete the assembly.

[0040] The guide rod 401 adopts a stiffness gradient structure to achieve adaptive positioning and reset elastic force guidance, eliminating the need for repeated manual adjustment of the hole; the guide fixture uses the mounting holes of the motor housing assembly and rotor end cover 6 to ensure the accuracy of the initial positioning reference.

[0041] In some preferred embodiments, the flexible assembly device for the motor rotor includes an angle sensor; the flexible assembly device for the motor rotor also includes a control device 7; the control device 7 is connected to the lifting device 1 and the angle sensor. The flexible assembly method for the motor rotor during the lowering of rotor 2 includes the following steps: The angle deviation angle between the central axis of rotor 2 and the central axis of stator 3 is obtained using an angle sensor; Determine whether the deviation angle between the center axis of rotor 2 and the center axis of stator 3 is within the set range; If so, do not adjust lifting device 1; If not, reduce the downward speed of rotor 2, and at the same time adjust the deviation angle between the central axis of rotor 2 and the central axis of stator 3 to the set range using lifting device 1.

[0042] Furthermore, the flexible assembly device for the motor rotor also includes a speed sensor; the flexible assembly device for the motor rotor also includes a control device 7; the control device 7 is connected to the lifting device 1 and the speed sensor. During the process of lowering rotor 2, the flexible assembly method for motor rotor also includes the following steps: The downward speed of rotor 2 is obtained using a speed sensor; Determine if the downward movement speed exceeds the design threshold; If so, the downward speed of rotor 2 is adjusted to be less than the design threshold by using lifting device 1; If not, do not adjust lifting device 1.

[0043] Based on the above explanation, according to the design gap between rotor 2 and stator 3, the assembly angle and assembly speed of rotor 2 are set and kept within the set range as rotor 2 is installed into stator 3. When the angle feedback of rotor 2 exceeds the set range, control device 7 causes the speed controller of the entire lifting device 1 to control the reduction assembly speed of rotor 2. After the angle is adjusted back to the set range by control, rotor 2 continues to descend and is assembled into stator 3, thus ensuring that the rotor and stator do not collide.

[0044] The above can also be equipped with a laser displacement sensor or machine vision system to monitor the stator-rotor gap in real time, forming a closed-loop feedback with the control device 7, and improving the assembly accuracy to the micron level.

[0045] The modular design integrates the lifting device 1 and the guide fixture 4 as independent modules, allowing for flexible configuration to accommodate motors of different sizes. This enables flexible configuration based on production needs, reducing equipment investment and maintenance costs. The fixture is highly reusable; by simply changing the specifications of the guide rod 401, it can be adapted to multiple product models.

[0046] In some preferred embodiments, before hoisting the rotor 2, an inner bearing 200 is first press-fitted onto the lower end of the rotor 2, and a bearing pressure plate 201 is installed at the upper end; then an outer bearing 202 is press-fitted, followed by the assembly of the resolver rotor 203, and finally the fixing ring 204 and rotor end cover 6 are press-fitted to form the rotor assembly. By pressing the bearings in stages, i.e., inner → outer → resolver rotor, stress concentration is avoided.

[0047] Before hoisting the rotor 2, the stator 3 is heated to the set temperature and then installed into the motor housing assembly 5. Finally, the conductive ring 9 and the oil injection ring 10 are assembled to form the stator assembly.

[0048] The above optimization of the thermal assembly process involves assembling the stator 3 after heating it to 185°C, utilizing the thermal expansion effect to improve assembly accuracy and efficiency.

[0049] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: 1. Improve assembly efficiency; the guide fixture 4 ensures the fitting clearance between the rotor 2 and the stator 3, and the lifting device 1 ensures that the rotor is installed into the stator at a uniform speed. It can be used for motor rotors of different sizes, which greatly improves assembly efficiency and reduces quality problems caused by manual operation.

[0050] Meanwhile, since the guide rod 401 adopts a variable stiffness design, it is not necessary to repeatedly adjust the guide component; it is not necessary to make the guide rod 401 completely aligned with the threaded hole of the stator. It is only necessary to make the guide rod 401 able to be inserted into the threaded hole. Then, during the descent of the rotor 2, the lateral force of the guide rod 401 gradually increases, thereby enabling the rotor 2 to accurately land.

[0051] 2. High versatility: This assembly method can be applied to products of different sizes, no longer limited to motors of specific sizes, meeting the assembly needs of a variety of products and improving the flexibility of trial production.

[0052] 3. Reduced costs: Compared to mass production assembly lines and dedicated assembly tooling, this assembly method does not require huge investments or high tooling manufacturing costs, which is beneficial for cost control.

[0053] 4. Reduced technical requirements: This assembly method does not require highly skilled operators, reducing the demand for human resources and facilitating their optimal allocation. In summary, compared to existing technologies, this invention offers greater assembly flexibility and efficiency, stronger adaptability, lower costs, and fewer technical requirements.

[0054] 5. Ensure assembly quality; because the control device can automatically ensure the verticality of the rotor during the assembly process, the gap between the inner and outer rotors is guaranteed, and the rotors are prevented from bumping or knocking during the assembly process.

[0055] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0056] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0057] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A flexible assembly device for an electric motor rotor, characterized in that, It includes: A lifting device (1) is used to connect with the rotor (2) and to move the rotor (2) down into the stator (3); At least two guide fixtures (4) are provided, each guide fixture (4) including a mounting head (400) and a guide rod (401), the stiffness of which gradually decreases in the direction away from the mounting head (400); the mounting head (400) is used to connect with the mounting hole of the motor housing assembly (5); the guide rod (401) is used to insert into the mounting hole of the rotor end cover (6).

2. The flexible assembly device for motor rotors as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The motor rotor flexible assembly device also includes an angle sensor for detecting the deviation angle between the central axis of the rotor (2) and the central axis of the stator (3) and a speed sensor for detecting the downward speed of the rotor (2); The flexible assembly device for the motor rotor also includes a control device (7); the control device (7) is connected to the lifting device (1), the angle sensor and the speed sensor, and is used to adjust the lifting device (1) during the descent process according to the detection information of the angle sensor and the speed sensor.

3. The flexible assembly device for motor rotors as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rod (401) includes a rigid section connected to the mounting head (400) and an elastic section away from the mounting head (400); the stiffness of the elastic section gradually decreases from the end closer to the rigid section toward the end away from the rigid section.

4. The flexible assembly device for motor rotors as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The guide rod (401) is embedded with a shape memory alloy or piezoelectric material; the guide rod (401) is connected to an external excitation input line, which is connected to the shape memory alloy or piezoelectric material.

5. The flexible assembly device for motor rotors as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the guide rod (401) is equal to the diameter of the mounting hole; The mounting head (400) is a threaded connection part that connects to the mounting hole, or the mounting head (400) is an elastic plug that connects to the mounting hole.

6. A flexible assembly method for an electric motor rotor, characterized in that: Provides the motor rotor flexible assembly device as described in claim 1; Two guide fixtures (4) are installed on two mounting holes of the motor housing assembly (5); the two mounting holes are located at both ends of the diameter of the motor housing assembly (5); Using the lifting device (1), the rotor (2) is hoisted above the motor housing assembly (5), and then the guide rod (401) is inserted into the mounting hole of the rotor end cover (6) of the rotor (2); Using the lifting device (1), the rotor (2) is lowered into the stator (3). During the lowering process, the stiffness of the guide rod (401) changes, generating a lateral restoring force, which drives the rotor (2) to rotate and self-align. After the rotor end cover (6) comes into contact with the motor housing assembly (5), install the assembly bolts (8), remove the guide fixture (4), and complete the assembly.

7. The flexible assembly method for motor rotor as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The flexible assembly device for the motor rotor includes an angle sensor; the flexible assembly device for the motor rotor also includes a control device (7); the control device (7) is connected to the lifting device (1) and the angle sensor; During the process of lowering the rotor (2), the flexible assembly method of the motor rotor includes the following steps: The angle deviation angle between the central axis of the rotor (2) and the central axis of the stator (3) is obtained using an angle sensor; Determine whether the deviation angle between the central axis of the rotor (2) and the central axis of the stator (3) is within the set range; If so, do not adjust the lifting device (1); If not, reduce the downward speed of the rotor (2) and at the same time adjust the deviation angle between the central axis of the rotor (2) and the central axis of the stator (3) to the set range by using the lifting device (1).

8. The flexible assembly method for motor rotor as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The flexible assembly device for the motor rotor also includes a speed sensor; the flexible assembly device for the motor rotor also includes a control device (7); the control device (7) is connected to the lifting device (1) and the speed sensor; During the process of lowering the rotor (2), the flexible assembly method for the motor rotor also includes the following steps: The downward speed of rotor (2) is obtained using a speed sensor; Determine if the downward movement speed exceeds the design threshold; If so, the downward speed of the rotor (2) is adjusted to be less than the design threshold by using the lifting device (1); If not, do not adjust the lifting device (1).

9. The flexible assembly method for motor rotor as described in claim 6, characterized in that: Before hoisting the rotor (2), first press the inner bearing (200) on the lower end of the rotor (2) and install the bearing pressure plate (201) on the upper end; then press the outer bearing (202), then assemble the resolver rotor (203), and finally press the fixing ring (204) and rotor end cover (6) to form the rotor assembly.

10. The flexible assembly method for motor rotor as described in claim 6, characterized in that: Before hoisting the rotor (2), the stator (3) is heated to the set temperature and then installed into the motor housing assembly (5). Finally, the conductive ring (9) and the oil injection ring (10) are assembled to form the stator assembly.

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