Soft ear adapter coupling device suitable for earphone and capable of conducting vibration

Abstract

The invention discloses a vibration conduction soft ear adapter coupling device suitable for an earphone. The device comprises a soft ear adapter body made of an elastic material, and a vibration conducting layer embedded in the adapter body; the outer contour shape of the soft ear adapter body is matched with the anatomical structure of the ear tube sensitive position of the front two fifths of the ear canal of a human body; the vibration conducting layer is used for outputting and transmitting vibration from an earphone driver to the ear tube sensitive position, a vibration signal can be efficiently conducted to the ear tube sensitive position of a user, and meanwhile the wearing comfort is optimized; through collaborative design of materials, hardness and a surface structure, the problems of vibration loss and wearing discomfort of a traditional adapter are solved. That is to say, the vibration transmission efficiency can be improved through the scheme, the wearing comfort is optimized through the design of the soft ear adapter coupling device, the soft ear adapter is suitable for long-time use, and the soft ear adapter can be detached and replaced to adapt to ear canal sizes of different users.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of headphone technology, and specifically relates to a soft ear adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and for vibration conduction. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional headphones, also known as earbuds or in-ear headphones, are small audio devices that convert electroacoustic signals or energy into sound frequencies or sound waves for audio output. Typical headphones are designed to be worn inside the ear canal or inserted into the ear by the user. For example, headphones typically connect to audio sources such as smartphones, tablets, computers, or MP3 players via wired or wireless Bluetooth.

[0003] Because headphones are typically compact, lightweight, and highly portable, they are a popular choice for noise cancellation and listening to a wide variety of media, including music, news, concerts, sports games, movies, and video games. Traditional headphones often have various limitations or drawbacks, such as, but not limited to, a lack of spatial audio, a lack of surround sound, and a lack of bass. Furthermore, people with hearing loss or deafness are generally unable to use traditional headphones.

[0004] In other words, traditional headphone adapters (such as ear tips) are mainly used to secure headphones or improve noise isolation. Their design is usually based on the general shape of the ear canal and cannot be optimized for the anatomical structure of the sensitive areas of the ear canal. Existing adapters suffer from technical defects such as low vibration transmission efficiency, discomfort when worn, and lack of targeted design.

[0005] Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings such as the inability to optimize the anatomical structure of the sensitive position of the ear canal, low vibration transmission efficiency, wearing discomfort, and lack of targeted design technology, there is an urgent need to design and develop a soft ear adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and capable of vibration transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings and difficulties of the existing technology, the present invention aims to provide a soft ear adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and for vibration conduction, which is designed to efficiently conduct vibration signals to the sensitive position of the user's ear canal while optimizing wearing comfort.

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a soft ear adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and for vibration conduction;

[0008] The object of the present invention is achieved as follows: the device includes a soft ear adapter body made of an elastic material, and a vibration conduction layer embedded in the adapter body;

[0009] The outer contour of the soft ear adapter body matches the anatomical structure of the sensitive position of the ear canal in the anterior two-fifths of the human ear canal; the vibration conduction layer is used to transmit the vibration output from the headphone driver to the sensitive position of the ear canal.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer surface of the soft ear adapter body is provided with a micro-protrusion structure, the height of which is 0.1-0.5mm, to increase the coefficient of friction with the sensitive part of the ear tube.

[0011] Furthermore, the elastic material is at least one of silicone, thermoplastic elastomer, or soft polyurethane.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner surface of the adapter body is provided with a snap-fit ​​structure or threaded interface for connection with the headphone driver.

[0013] Furthermore, the front end of the adapter body is provided with an acoustic transmission hole for sound generated by the audio driver to pass through;

[0014] The adapter body has a buffer air chamber at its rear end for absorbing high-frequency vibration noise.

[0015] Furthermore, the thickness of the adapter body is 0.5-2mm, and the hardness is Shore A 10-30 degrees.

[0016] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, a central structure for transmitting audio sound is also provided, wherein the central structure is applied to a soft-ear adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and for vibration conduction.

[0017] The central structure consists of a front plastic cover, a sound chamber, an audio driver, and an emission port; wherein, the central structure generates audio sound through the emission port, which is transmitted through air particles and reaches the listener through the eardrum.

[0018] Furthermore, one or more audio drivers with resonance are located on the front plastic cover at the acoustic chamber location;

[0019] The front plastic cover is a plastic cover used to protect and / or house the audio driver that generates the MAP headphone resonance performance; wherein, the front plastic cover facilitates the connection between the MEV driver and the audio driver;

[0020] The emission port is located at the front of the MAP earphone.

[0021] To achieve the above-mentioned objective, a MAP headset is also provided, the headset including the aforementioned soft ear adapter coupling device, a first sound driver or MEV driver for generating vibration output, and a second sound driver or audio driver for generating audio output;

[0022] The audio output and vibration output simultaneously stimulate different auditory pathways to achieve sonic illusion.

[0023] To achieve the above-mentioned objective, a method for manufacturing the soft ear adapter coupling device is also provided, the method comprising the following steps:

[0024] Form the adapter body so that its outer contour matches the anatomical structure of the sensitive area of ​​the ear canal;

[0025] A vibration conduction layer is provided within the adapter body;

[0026] The outer surface of the adapter body is roughened to increase friction.

[0027] The present invention comprises a soft ear adapter body made of elastic material and a vibration conduction layer embedded within the adapter body; the outer contour shape of the soft ear adapter body matches the anatomical structure of the sensitive position of the ear canal in the anterior two-fifths of the human ear canal; the vibration conduction layer is used to transmit the vibration output from the headphone driver to the sensitive position of the ear canal, which can efficiently conduct vibration signals to the user's ear canal sensitive position and optimize wearing comfort; that is, through the synergistic design of materials, hardness and surface structure, the vibration loss and wearing discomfort problems of traditional adapters are solved.

[0028] In other words, the solution of this invention can improve vibration transmission efficiency, and the soft ear adapter coupling device design optimizes wearing comfort, making it suitable for long-term use. Furthermore, the soft ear adapter of this invention is detachable and replaceable, adapting to different users' ear canal sizes. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a set of wired and cordless MAP headphones in one embodiment of the present invention. The MAP headphones are capable of transmitting different types of output through different auditory pathways to produce sonic illusions.

[0031] Figure 2A-2B This is an exemplary MAP earphone diagram inserted into the ear according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the relevant auditory pathways of the MAP headphones in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figures 4A-4EThis is a block diagram of the first sound driver (MEV driver) of the MAP headphones in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figures 5A-5D This is a top view of a first sound driver (MEV driver) in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figures 6A-6B This diagram illustrates the audio output generated by an electromagnetic sound generator and a mechanical sound generator in an embodiment of a first sound driver (MEV driver) of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7A This is a diagram showing the vibrational audio output generated by a mechanical sound generator and / or an electromagnetic sound generator in an embodiment of the first sound driver (MEV driver) of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 7B The following is a set of figures illustrating the electromagnetic audio output generated by an electromagnetic sound generator in an embodiment of a first sound driver (MEV driver) of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8-9 This is a diagram showing the mechanical audio and / or vibration audio output generated by a mechanical sound generator in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figures 10A-10B This is a schematic diagram of one or more first sound drivers (MEV drivers) and one or more second sound drivers of a MAP earphone in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 11 This is a graph showing the frequency response curve and vibration band amplitude curve related to the MAP headphones in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 12 This is a graph showing the vibration response curve related to the vibration audio output generated by the MAP headphones in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating the process by which the MAP headphones convert electroacoustic signals into different outputs through different pathways in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 14 This is a diagram of a digital processing system associated with one or more MAP headphones in one embodiment of the present invention; and

[0044] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a cloud-based system environment using one or more MAP headsets according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To facilitate a clearer understanding of the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0046] This invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific examples, and various details in this specification can also be modified and changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this invention.

[0047] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0048] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Secondly, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0049] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] like Figures 1-15 As shown, the present invention provides a soft ear adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and for vibration conduction. The device includes a soft ear adapter body made of elastic material and a vibration conduction layer embedded in the adapter body.

[0051] The outer contour of the soft ear adapter body matches the anatomical structure of the sensitive position of the ear canal in the anterior two-fifths of the human ear canal; the vibration conduction layer is used to transmit the vibration output from the earphone driver to the sensitive position of the ear canal.

[0052] The outer surface of the soft ear adapter body is provided with a micro-protrusion structure, the height of which is 0.1-0.5mm, to increase the coefficient of friction with the sensitive part of the ear tube.

[0053] The elastic material is at least one of silicone, thermoplastic elastomer, or soft polyurethane.

[0054] The inner surface of the adapter body is provided with a snap-fit ​​structure or threaded interface for connecting to the headphone driver.

[0055] The front end of the adapter body is provided with an acoustic transmission hole for sound generated by the audio driver to pass through; the rear end of the adapter body is provided with a buffer air cavity for absorbing high-frequency vibration noise.

[0056] The adapter body has a thickness of 0.5-2mm and a hardness of Shore A 10-30 degrees.

[0057] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, a central structure for transmitting audio sound is also provided, wherein the central structure is applied to a soft-ear adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and for vibration conduction.

[0058] The central structure consists of a front plastic cover, a sound chamber, an audio driver, and an emission port; wherein, the central structure generates audio sound through the emission port, which is transmitted through air particles and reaches the listener through the eardrum.

[0059] One or more audio drivers with resonance at the acoustic chamber location are located on the front plastic cover;

[0060] The front plastic cover is a plastic cover used to protect and / or house the audio driver that generates the MAP headphone resonance performance; wherein, the front plastic cover facilitates the connection between the MEV driver and the audio driver;

[0061] The emission port is located at the front of the MAP earphone.

[0062] To achieve the above-mentioned objective, a MAP headset is also provided, the headset including the aforementioned soft ear adapter coupling device, a first sound driver or MEV driver for generating vibration output, and a second sound driver or audio driver for generating audio output;

[0063] The audio output and vibration output simultaneously stimulate different auditory pathways to achieve sonic illusion.

[0064] To achieve the above-mentioned objective, a method for manufacturing the soft ear adapter coupling device is also provided, the method comprising the following steps:

[0065] Form the adapter body so that its outer contour matches the anatomical structure of the sensitive area of ​​the ear canal;

[0066] A vibration conduction layer is provided within the adapter body;

[0067] The outer surface of the adapter body is roughened to increase friction.

[0068] Specifically, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, a multi-path auditory (MAP) headset coupled to an external electronic system is described for receiving audio input signals. The MAP headset includes an earpiece, a first sound driver, and a second sound driver. On one hand, the earpiece is inserted into the ear canal to provide audio sound. The operable first sound driver generates a vibration output, which, via a portion of the ear canal's sensitive points, enhances the user's hearing through a newly discovered auditory pathway (also called a new auditory pathway). The second sound driver generates a sound output, which, via the user's tympanic membrane, enhances the user's audio hearing through another auditory pathway. The first sound driver can generate audio output, mechanical output, and vibration output, while the second sound driver can only generate audio output. The vibration output transmits signals through the newly discovered auditory pathway, via a portion of the ear canal's sensitive points. The audio output and mechanical output transmit audio via the user's tympanic membrane through another auditory pathway.

[0069] Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method and / or apparatus for providing three-dimensional (“3D”) audio output and subwoofer effects via multi-auditory pathway (“MAP”) headphones. MAP headphones can simultaneously generate different types of audio output and vibration output. When two auditory pathways simultaneously receive different signals from the auditory receiving center, the brain generates a sonic illusion of three-dimensional (“3D”) audio output with subwoofer effects.

[0070] The purpose of the following detailed description is to provide an understanding of one or more embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the following detailed description is merely illustrative and is not intended to be limiting in any way. Other embodiments will readily conceive of those skilled in the art upon receiving this disclosure and / or description.

[0071] For clarity, not all features or general aspects of the embodiments described in this invention are shown or described. It is understood, of course, that in developing any such practical implementation, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as complying with application and business-related constraints that will vary from implementation to implementation and from developer to developer. Furthermore, it should be understood that such development work may be complex and time-consuming, but is merely a routine task for those skilled in the art familiar with the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0072] The various embodiments of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings may not be drawn to scale. Instead, the dimensions of various features may be enlarged or reduced for clarity. Furthermore, some figures may be simplified for clarity. Therefore, the drawings may not depict all components of a given device (e.g., apparatus) or method. Throughout the drawings and in the following detailed description, the same reference numerals will be used to refer to the same or similar components.

[0073] According to embodiments of the present invention, the components, process steps, and / or data structures described herein can be implemented using various types of operating systems, computing platforms, computer programs, and / or general-purpose machines. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that less general-purpose devices, such as hardware devices, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc., can also be used without departing from the scope and spirit of the inventive concept disclosed herein. When a method comprising a series of processing steps is implemented using a computer or machine, and these processing steps can be stored as a series of machine-readable instructions, these processing steps can be stored on a tangible medium, such as computer storage devices (e.g., ROM (Read-Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), FLASH memory, Jump Drive, etc.), magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tape, disk drives, etc.), optical storage media (e.g., CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, paper cards and paper tape, etc.) and other known types of program memory.

[0074] The terms “system” or “device” are generally used herein to describe any number of components, elements, subsystems, devices, packet switching elements, packet switches, access switches, routers, networks, computers and / or communication devices or mechanisms, or combinations thereof. The term “computer” includes a processor, memory, and a bus capable of executing instructions, wherein a computer means one or more computers, personal computers, workstations, mainframes, or combinations thereof.

[0075] One embodiment of the present invention discloses a multi-auditory pathway (“MAP”) headphone, which is coupled to an external electronic system for converting electroacoustic signals into various audio frequencies and simultaneously outputting the signals to various auditory pathways. The MAP headphone includes an earpiece, a first sound driver, and a second sound driver. On one hand, the earpiece is inserted into the ear canal to provide audio sound. The first sound driver can generate audio output, mechanical output, and vibrational output, while the second sound driver can only generate audio output. The vibrational output transmits signals through a newly discovered auditory pathway, via a portion of the ear canal's sensitive area. The audio and mechanical outputs transmit audio through the user's tympanic membrane via another auditory pathway.

[0076] For example, MAP headphones include a first sound driver and a second sound driver for facilitating the generation of 3D audio output with a subwoofer feel through multiple auditory pathways. On one hand, the first sound driver generates an audio output, a mechanical output, and a vibrational output. The second sound driver generates the audio output. In one embodiment, the vibrational output facilitates the user's audio hearing through a new auditory pathway via a portion of the ear canal's sensitive area. The audio and mechanical outputs facilitate the user's audio hearing through another auditory pathway via the user's eardrum. To provide subwoofer effects, MAP headphones simultaneously generate different types of audio and vibrational outputs through multiple auditory pathways. For example, when a listener's two (2) auditory pathways simultaneously receive different signals, the listener's brain may produce an auditory illusion that is similar to a 3D audio output with a subwoofer feel.

[0077] like Figure 1 The diagram 100 illustrates a set of wired and cordless MAP headphones 101-102 capable of transmitting auditory and vibration outputs according to an embodiment of the present invention. MAP headphone 101 is a wired, cable-connected, or corded MAP headphone capable of providing auditory and vibration outputs. MAP headphone 102 is functionally similar to cordless or wireless MAP headphone 101. In one aspect, MAP headphone 101 includes a right earbud 105, a left earbud 106, a wire or cable 121, and a plug 107. MAP headphone 102 includes a right earbud 105 and a left earbud 106. In another aspect, MAP headphone 102 has built-in wireless communication circuitry or components. It should be noted that if... Figure 1 Add or from Figure 1 Deleting one or more components (circuits or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0078] The MAP headphones 101 or 102, also known as the Metaverse subwoofer headphones, can play music, radio stations, audio output for video broadcasts, television broadcasts, live sports events, interactive dialogues, etc. The MAP headphones 101 or 102 generate 3D surround sound effects by transmitting auditory and vibrational outputs to different auditory pathways in the human brain, enhancing the auditory experience. (See reference...) Figure 1 The MAP headset 101 includes two earbuds, a left earbud 106 and a right earbud 105. The MAP headset 101 receives electronic audio input via a plug 107, which is connected to the earbuds 105-106 via a connecting cable 121. For example, a printed circuit board in the MAP headset 101 is used for signal transmission. On the other hand, the MAP headset 102 includes a wireless transmission component for processing wireless signal transmission. It should be noted that wireless transmission includes, but is not limited to, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, microwave transmission, cellular transmission, etc.

[0079] In one example, MAP headphones 101 or 102 are constructed with a multi-driver system that creates a chamber effect, producing a multitude of sound effects that greatly enhance hearing and / or auditory enjoyment. The advantage of using MAP headphones 101 or 102 is the enhanced auditory enjoyment through the headphones, such as subwoofer and true bass performance, spatial and surround sound effects. It should be noted that the appearance and construction of the left earpiece 106 of MAP headphones 101 or 102 should be identical to that of the right earpiece 105.

[0080] Figure 2A Figure 200 is a schematic diagram 200 of an exemplary MAP earphone inserted into the ear according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the contact points associated with the ear. Figure 200 shows a user's ear 270 and a MAP earphone 272 inserted between the ear canal sensitive position 260 and the ear canal 256 of the user's ear. The MAP earphone 272 includes a soft ear adapter 218, a housing 258, and a cable 121. It should be noted that if in Figure 2A Adding or removing one or more components (circuits or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0081] User ear 270 illustrates the anatomy of a normal human ear, showing the auricle 276, the ear canal sensitive site 260, the ear canal 256, the tympanic membrane 252, the inner ear cochlea 278, the middle ear bones 280, and the auditory nerve 282. When the MAP headset 272 is coupled to the user ear 270, the MAP headset 272 can generate audio sound 266 and vibration sound 262. The audio sound 266 is transmitted via the tympanic membrane 252 through the user's inner ear cochlea 278. Simultaneously, the vibration 250 of the ear canal sensitive site 260 transmits signals directly from the ear canal sensitive site cells to the brain, bypassing the normal auditory system. This novel auditory system delivers additional information that can be used to generate sonic illusions.

[0082] In one embodiment, the MAP headphones 272 include at least two sound drivers capable of simultaneously generating different types of audio and vibrational outputs in different auditory pathways reaching the brain to produce 3D surround sound and subwoofer effects. This is achieved by stimulating two sensory pathways (audio and vibration) with a single electronic audio signal source. For example, if one of the two sound drivers is used to generate vibrations with a predefined direction to provide vibratory sound, the other of the two sound drivers is configured to provide audio sound.

[0083] The MAP earphone 272 is designed for the human ear. When a user wears the MAP earphone 272, it should be positioned at the entrance of the ear canal 256, close to the auricle 276. The touch or wearing position is located at the ear canal sensitive point 260. The length of the human ear canal is typically about 1 inch (“in”). Starting from the outside of the ear, the anterior two-fifths of the ear canal are lined with soft tissue such as the ear canal sensitive point 260. The posterior three-fifths extend from the end of the ear canal sensitive point 260 to the tympanic membrane 252 and are entirely composed of bone. The intended wearing or touch position is against the ear canal sensitive point. Therefore, when worn correctly, the MAP earphone 272 should be located within the outer two-fifths of the ear canal, against the ear canal sensitive point 260. Along the vibration direction 250, the MAP earphone 272 moves in and out of the ear canal 256, creating a “friction process” that causes the ear canal sensitive point 260 to vibrate, transmitting new auditory signals to the brain. When these two auditory pathways simultaneously send different signals to the auditory receiving center, the brain produces a sonic illusion with three-dimensional (“3D”) audio output and ultra-low bass effects.

[0084] The MAP headphones 272 include two earbuds, each containing a MEV driver 230 and one or more audio drivers 240. On one hand, the MAP is configured to combine the sound outputs from the multiple audio drivers 240, enhancing and / or optimizing sound quality and effects.

[0085] The advantage of using the MAP Headphones 272 is that it produces audio with enhanced bass and improved 3D surround sound, thereby enhancing the virtual reproduction of the real-world soundscape.

[0086] Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary MAP headset 202 containing various components (including at least two drivers) in one embodiment of the present invention. The MAP headset 202 includes a backrest 222, a middle section 226, and a soft-ear adapter 228. The backrest 222 includes a mechatronic vibration (“MEV”) driver 230, and the middle section 226 includes an audio driver 240. It should be noted that if... Figure 2B Add or from Figure 2B Deleting one or more components (circuits or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0087] In one example, the rear section 222 includes a rear plastic cover 220, an MEV driver 230, and a cable connection 121. The rear plastic cover 220 is the back cover of the MAP headset, configured to accommodate the MEV driver 230 and the cable connection 118 coupled to the cable 121. On one hand, the MEV driver 230 includes an electromagnetic sound generator and a mechanical sound generator. It should be noted that the electromagnetic sound generator produces an electromagnetic audio output, and the mechanical sound generator produces a mechanical audio output as well as a vibration output. The cable connection 118 is used for connecting the MEV driver 230 and a telephone terminal (…). Figure 2B A connection is provided between (not shown in the image). The function of the telephone terminal or plug is to transmit electronic audio signals from the audio source to the MAP headset.

[0088] The intermediate portion 226 includes a front plastic cover 210, a sound chamber 212, audio drivers 240, and an emission port 211. One or more audio drivers 240, which resonate at the location of the sound chamber 212, are located on the front plastic cover 210. The function of the intermediate portion 226 is to generate the audio sound shown by the air particle transfer 266 through the emission port 211 and to reach the listener through the eardrum 252.

[0089] The front plastic cover 210 is a plastic cover used to protect and / or house the audio driver 240 that generates the resonant performance of the MAP headphones 202. The front plastic cover 210 also facilitates the connection between the MEV driver 230 and the audio driver 240. An emission port 211 is located at the front of the MAP headphones 202. It should be noted that the length and size of the emission port will affect the resonant performance of the MAP headphones 202. The acoustic chamber 212 is located inside the front plastic cover 210, providing a housing for the audio driver 240 to generate resonant performance and emit sound from the headphones 228.

[0090] When the MAP headset 202 is inserted into a user's ear, the audio driver or audio driver 240 is positioned in front of the MEV driver 230 relative to the user's ear. Depending on the application, one or more audio drivers 240 may be installed in the intermediate section 226. The number of audio devices used should affect the frequency response curve and / or output of the MAP headset 202. The audio driver 240 can be manufactured using electromagnetic, piezoelectric, dynamic, mechanical, armature components, or combinations of electromagnetic, piezoelectric, dynamic, mechanical, and / or armature components. In one example, an additional audio driver 240 may be used to provide a full range of audio.

[0091] The soft ear adapter 218 is located at or near the end of the MAP earphone 202 for direct contact with the sensitive area of ​​the ear canal. In one embodiment, the soft ear adapter 218 is constructed of a thin plastic layer that transmits various vibration frequencies from the MEV driver 230 to the soft ear adapter 218. It should be noted that the size of the soft ear adapter 218 installed in the user's ear has a crucial impact on the performance of the spatial and surround sound effects. For example, the user needs to select a soft ear adapter 218 of an appropriate size based on the size of their ear canal. If the soft ear adapter 218 is inserted too tightly into the user's ear, the audio output will be too strong. However, if the fit between the soft ear adapter 218 and the ear canal is too loose, the audio output will be too weak. In operation, the user needs to experiment to select a size that fits their ears for optimal performance.

[0092] Upon receiving an electronic audio signal, one or more audio drivers 240 at least partially generate a frequency response as a reaction stream. On one hand, the audio driver 240 provides a channel or pathway of sound output from the MAP headphone 202. For example, the audio driver 240 is capable of providing audio output from mid-frequency to high-frequency. The electronic audio inputs via cable 121 to the MEV driver 230 and the audio driver 240 are identical or similar in both time domain and phase direction.

[0093] Audio driver 240 includes electromagnetic drivers, such as, but not limited to, electromagnetic loudspeakers, electromagnetic receivers, dynamic loudspeakers, dynamic receivers, miniature loudspeakers, and miniature receivers. It should be noted that audio driver 240 can use armature-type or piezoelectric sound generators. The frequency response curve of MAP headphones 202 will vary depending on the type and number of additional audio devices. Note that the resistance and / or impedance of audio driver 240 can be adjusted to match the audio and vibration output of MEV driver 230, thereby optimizing the audio output. It should be noted that the audio driver is configured to generate audio output for conventional hearing systems.

[0094] The MEV driver 230, also known as the DB-Koo subwoofer driver, includes an electromagnetic sound generator and a mechanical sound generator. In one embodiment, the electromagnetic sound generator and the mechanical sound generator share common components. In one example, the MEV driver 230 generates a vibrational output in a series of vibrations that induce vibrations at one or more contact points on the user's ear to create new auditory pathways. The vibrational output generated by the MEV driver 230 is transmitted to the user's brain through the new auditory system to produce sonic illusions, such as 3D surround sound effects. It should be noted that each earpiece of the MAP headphones 202 contains an MEV driver 230, along with one or more additional audio drivers 240.

[0095] In operation, after receiving electronic audio input as an audio source via connection cable 121, MEV driver 230 and audio driver 240 generate multiple audio outputs through various mechanisms originating from a single audio source. The multiple outputs or multiple audio outputs include at least audio outputs and vibration outputs. It should be noted that MAP headphones 202 can also receive electronic audio input via wireless transmission through a wireless network.

[0096] In one example, the vibration output produces an amplitude range, from minimum amplitude and frequency to maximum amplitude and frequency. The vibration output of the MAP headphones 202 can vibrate and / or rub against sensitive points in the user's ear canal, allowing the user to listen to audio. In one embodiment, the vibration output transmits or broadcasts audio signals or sounds to the user through a new auditory pathway in the human hearing or auditory system. The advantage of providing vibration output is that it stimulates the user's brain experience, enhances auditory enjoyment, and promotes the generation of sonic illusion.

[0097] To provide an electronic audio input with multiple audio outputs, the MAP headset 202 employs at least one MEV driver 230 and at least one audio driver 240. In one embodiment, the configured MEV driver 230 generates three types of audio outputs based on a single audio input. The first type of audio output is an electromagnetic audio output, generated by an electromagnetic mechanism via an electromagnetic sound generator. The second type of audio output is a mechanical audio output, generated by a mechanical mechanism via a mechanical sound generator. The third type of mechanical output is a vibration output, generated by a vibrating mechanical mechanism via a mechanical sound generator. The vibration output generates a frictional process in the sensitive areas of the user's ear canal and tympanic tube, creating 3D surround sound effects using newly discovered auditory pathways.

[0098] Audio driver 240, also known as a second sound driver, is used to compensate for additional audio output range not covered by MEV driver 230. To provide full-range audio performance, MAP headphones 202 employ at least one audio driver 240 to optimize audio output. In one example, audio driver 240 may be an electromagnetic, piezoelectric, dynamic, mechanical, or armature-type audio device or component.

[0099] In one embodiment, the MAP earphone 202 uses a soft ear adapter 228, a first sound driver or MEV driver 230, and a second sound driver or audio driver 240 to convert electroacoustic signals into various audio and vibration outputs, which synchronously stimulate different auditory pathways to achieve sonic illusion. In one example, the soft ear adapter 228 is made of a soft material, so that when the soft ear adapter 228 is inserted into the user's ear canal, the soft ear adapter 228 can transmit the vibration output of audio sound through the soft material. Suitable examples of soft materials include, but are not limited to, plastics, silicone, rubber, and / or combinations of plastics, silicone, metals, and / or rubber. In operation, the set soft ear adapter 228 is installed in the ear canal, and for this purpose, the soft ear adapter 228 abuts against the vibration generated by the ear canal sensitive position 260, so that the user can receive or hear the vibration sound or output.

[0100] In one embodiment, the first sound driver is an MEV driver 230 coupled to a soft-ear adapter 228, which can be operated to generate a vibrational output that enhances the user's audio hearing via at least a portion of the ear canal sensitive position 260 through a first auditory pathway 262. On one hand, the first sound driver includes an electromagnetic sound generator configured to generate electromagnetic audio and a mechanical sound generator configured to generate mechanical sound. In one example, the mechanical sound generator is configured to facilitate the generation of the vibrational output.

[0101] In one embodiment, the second sound driver is an audio driver 240 coupled to a soft-ear adapter 228, which, by operation, can generate the sound output shown by the air particle transfer 266, playing audio to the listener via the user's or listener's tympanic membrane 252 through a second auditory pathway or a typical auditory pathway.

[0102] In one embodiment, the MEV driver 230 includes various components, including but not limited to a yoke assembly, a linear vertical vibrator, a movable diaphragm, and an audio calibration diaphragm, for creating various audio and vibrational outputs that utilize different auditory pathways to perform sonic illusions. For example, the yoke assembly includes at least one pin armature, a magnet, and a weight unit to facilitate sound generation. The linear vertical vibrator includes at least one pin armature lock, a mechanical spring hole, a dust cover, and a yoke seat to facilitate sound generation.

[0103] In one embodiment, the MAP headset 202 also includes a player configured to receive electronic audio input. While the player can be configured to receive electroacoustic signals via a cable, it can also be configured to receive electroacoustic signals via a wireless network.

[0104] One advantage of using MAP headphones is that by creating different audio and vibration outputs, different auditory pathways can be stimulated simultaneously, resulting in sonic illusions with enhanced bass and improved audio realism or live performance. Another advantage of using MAP headphones is that they provide spatial audio effects that can be used to create illusions of sound directionality, size, and motion; for example, they can be used to produce 360-degree sound fields or 3D surround sound effects.

[0105] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an auditory pathway 300 associated with a MAP headset in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 300 shows a MAP headset 272, an ear anatomy 320, and a brain anatomy 322. In one embodiment, the ear anatomy 320 and the brain anatomy 322 are coupled via a first auditory pathway 308 and a second auditory pathway 310. It should be noted that if... Figure 3 Add or from Figure 3 Deleting one or more anatomical structures (or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0106] Figure 300 illustrates a novel auditory system 330 and a normal auditory system 332, wherein the novel auditory system 330 includes a first auditory pathway 308, and the normal auditory system 332 includes a second auditory pathway. The function of the MAP headphones 272 is to generate novel auditory or sound effects involving both systems 330-332. In the human auditory system, one or more auditory systems receive sound waves and / or transmit sound waves to certain areas of the brain, such as auditory receiving centers 302-306, to distinguish patterns of neural activity. Subsequently, the identified patterns of neural activity are combined with input from other sensory systems to guide behavior, such as orientation movements resulting from auditory stimuli and intraspecific communication.

[0107] In one example, the normal auditory system includes the auricle, ear canal 256, tympanic membrane 252, three inner ear bones 312, and inner ear 316. On one hand, a MAP earphone 272 is used to stimulate the newly discovered auditory system 330, which can detect the vibrational output of audio sounds through friction or vibrational elements at the sensitive position 260 of the ear canal. During operation, signals are sent to the brain through the new auditory pathway during vibration and friction.

[0108] To enhance listening or auditory enjoyment through sonic illusion, in one embodiment, the MAP headphones 272 provide multiple different sound and vibration outputs to two (2) auditory pathways 308-310, allowing the user's brain (e.g., brain 322) to enjoy exceptional sound effects. Note that small earbuds, such as the MAP headphones, can achieve sound effects with truly sub-bass performance. It should be noted that by using multiple sound outputs transmitted to multiple auditory pathways, the MAP headphones 272 can provide a wider and more comprehensive harmonic audio range, creating a more realistic sound. It should be noted that the new auditory system 330 is used to enhance spatial audio effects.

[0109] One advantage of using MAP headphones is the generation of analog audio. For example, the listener hears not only the sound transmitted from the normal auditory system 332, but also the sound transmitted from the novel auditory system 330 to the brain 322. In this way, deaf or hearing-impaired individuals can experience sound effects by substituting for the auditory system 330.

[0110] To provide 3D surround sound, the MAP headphones 272 emit necessary audio signals to or stimulate the normal auditory system 332 and the neo-auditory system 330. In one example, auditory information is transmitted to the brain via two pathways: the primary auditory pathway, such as the secondary auditory pathway 310 carrying information from the cochlea, and non-primary pathways, such as the primary auditory pathway 308 and / or the reticular sensory pathway carrying perceptual information.

[0111] The normal auditory system, also known as the normal auditory system 332, functions like a conventional auditory system. The listener can hear sounds by gathering signals from the auricle, ear canal 256, and tympanic membrane 252. Movement of the tympanic membrane 252 causes movement of the middle ear bones 312, which in turn moves the inner ear 316, stimulating the auditory nerve to transmit sound to the brain via the conventional auditory system 332.

[0112] The MAP headphones 272, when configured, vibrate in conjunction with audio signal sources that generate two sound outputs to the brain. It should be noted that linear motion against the sensitive points of the ear canal and eardrum provides sound output to the user through a novel auditory system 330. Since the MAP headphones 272 have multiple sound outputs, a second audio output is transmitted to the brain through the normal auditory system 332, while the vibrational output is transmitted to the brain from the novel auditory system 330. The advantage of using two auditory systems 330-332 is that it helps improve hearing for deaf and / or hearing-impaired individuals. Another advantage of using the MAP headphones 272, which can play sound through two systems 330-322, is the ability to create spatial or virtual reality audio in applications such as music, movies, games, esports, virtual reality applications, live streaming programs, and / or Metaverse-related programs. The MAP headphones 272 can simultaneously generate different types of audio and vibrational outputs, which combine signals to the brain through different auditory pathways, providing subwoofer effects, enhanced audio realism, and / or a live feel.

[0113] Figure 4A This is a cross-sectional view showing a first driver 400 of a MAP earphone comprising various components in one embodiment of the present invention. The first driver, also referred to as the MEV driver 400, includes a yoke 4, a linear vertical vibrator 54, a housing 31, a diaphragm 32, and a tuning paper 42. It should be noted that if... Figure 4A Add or from Figure 4A Deleting one or more components (circuits or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0114] In one embodiment, the MEV driver 400 includes an electromagnetic sound generator based on an electromagnetic mechanism. The electromagnetic sound generator is capable of generating a vibrational output due to the movement of a diaphragm 32, which moves air molecules to transmit sound. To make or manufacture the MEV driver 400, an enameled voice coil 33 is rounded into a cylindrical tube, which is bonded or coupled to a symmetrical position on the diaphragm 32. The diaphragm 32 is configured to influence the efficiency of the induced electromagnetic force on the diaphragm 32 to move air molecules to transmit sound. The enameled voice coil 33 can be made of copper (“Cu”), silver (“Ag”), aluminum (“Al”), gold (“Au”), and / or a combination of Cu, Ag, Al, and / or Au alloys to achieve different acoustic effects of the electromagnetic sound generator. The length of the enameled voice coil 33 affects the DC resistance and / or impedance value.

[0115] The number of turns and thickness of the enameled voice coil 33 affect resistance and impedance, which in turn affect tone balance and the frequency response curves between the electromagnetic and mechanical sound generators. The enameled voice coil 33 is centrally mounted to help balance the cylindrical or any other shaped diaphragm 32. The diaphragm 32 is joined or bonded to the housing 31 and assembled or attached to the pressure edge 44 as a vibrating node. The enameled voice coil 33 is located in the gap between the axis 36 and the weight unit 38. Note that the enameled voice coil 33 can affect the magnetic field generated by the magnet 35, which provides the induced electromagnetic force. The gap between the yoke 41 and the weight unit 38 helps the enameled voice coil 33 move up and down, affecting the induced electromagnetic force. According to the three-hand rule, the winding method and number of turns of the enameled voice coil 33 can affect the electromagnetic force. The depth of the enameled voice coil 33 into the gap also affects the electromagnetic force. The thickness, shape, and material of the diaphragm 32 can also be important factors, as they affect the resonant frequency and frequency response curve, thus affecting the sound output.

[0116] In one embodiment, the MEV driver 400 is positioned or constructed near the back of the MPA headphones, and the audio driver is positioned or constructed near the transmitter port of the MPA headphones. It should be noted that the distance between the MEV driver 400 and the audio driver is important, as this distance affects the sound performance of the MEV driver 400. To provide multi-output surround sound, the MEV driver 400 includes a free magnetic yoke 4 and a linear vertical vibrator 54.

[0117] In one example, the MAP headphones are configured to combine different mechanisms into a single unit or headphone to save space. For instance, the MAP headphones first combine three different types of sound output mechanisms into a single MEV driver 400, and then re-merge the merged sound with the audio outputs from one or more audio drivers, simultaneously sending different audio and vibration outputs through different auditory pathways to achieve a sonic illusion effect.

[0118] The mechanical sound generator activates the vertical vibrator mechanical spring 50, generating a resonant frequency through vertical vibration, which strikes or impacts the magnetic yoke 4 on the drum-shaped plate 39, producing mechanical audio. A linear vertical vibrator 54 is located at the bottom of the magnetic yoke 4, which is fixed to the bottom of the yoke 41 by a pin armature lock 361. The linear vertical vibrator (54) consists of a yoke seat center plate 52 fixed to the magnetic yoke 4. Spring legs 53 are used to control the elasticity of the mechanical spring 50. It should be noted that the number, thickness, and design of the spring legs 53 affect the amplitude, response time, and damping performance of the vibrations generated by the MEV driver 400. In one example, the spring legs 53 extend from the spring edge 55 fixed to the housing 31 to the center of the mechanical spring hole 521.

[0119] A metal ring called a drum plate 39 is provided at the end of the spring leg (53) near the housing 31. A certain distance is provided between the drum plate 39 and the lowest part of the yoke bottom 41, also called the pin armature lock 361. In one example, the distance between the pin armature lock 361 and the drum plate 39 is fixed to ensure that the linear vertical vibrator 54 has the appropriate clearance so that the linear vertical vibrator 54 can correctly reach its highest position. The drum plate 39 is located below the bottom of the yoke 4. A printed circuit board 37 is used to connect the enameled voice coil 33 and the audio driver. A tuning paper 42 is located at the center of the printed circuit board 37 to assist in tuning the frequency response of the MEV driver 400.

[0120] The advantage of using the MEV Driver 400, which contains multiple different types of sound generators, is that it provides a compact headphone with exceptional sound quality.

[0121] Figure 4B Figure 402 is a cross-sectional view illustrating various components of an electromagnetic sound generator in a MAP headphone first driver or MEV driver 402 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 402 shows the components of the electromagnetic sound generator 420. Figure 4C This is a cross-sectional view showing the mechanical sound generator 430 assembly in a MAP headphone MEV driver 406 according to one embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that if... Figure 4B or Figure 4C Add or from Figure 4B or Figure 4C Deleting one or more components (circuits or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0122] Figure 4D This is a cross-sectional view illustrating a common component 450 used in the electromagnetic and mechanical sound generators of a MAP headset MEV driver according to one embodiment of the present invention. To generate sonic illusion in the compact MAP headset, the MEV driver 408 uses various common parts or components 450 between the electromagnetic and mechanical sound generators. In one embodiment, in response to an electronic audio input, the MEV driver 408 helps to simultaneously generate at least one electromagnetic audio output, one mechanical audio output, and one vibration output.

[0123] Reference Figure 4AIn one example, the bottom of the yoke 4 is secured by a mechanical spring hole 521, which is locked by a pin armature lock 361 of the mechanical sound generator. At the center of the yoke 41, a central axis 36 is surrounded by a magnet 35, which provides a magnetic field for the electromagnetic sound generator. In one example, the central axis 36 is made of copper. One purpose of the central axis 36 is to support the magnet 35. The magnet 35 can be used with permanent magnets, including soft magnetic materials that can effectively enhance magnetic force. At the bottom of the axis 36, an extended structure of weight unit retainer 34 holds a weight unit 38. External weight units 38 are added around the sides of the central yoke 41 to enhance the momentum of the vibrational force. The weight of the weight units 38 is used to balance the elasticity and damping of the mechanical spring 50 to generate momentum for the MEV driver 408. The function of the weight unit retainer 34 is to extend the diameter of the yoke 4 so that the yoke 41 has stable momentum vibration during vertical movement.

[0124] Figure 4E This is a cross-sectional view showing the first driver or MEV driver 410 of the MAP headset in a downward position during operation, according to one embodiment of the present invention. On one hand, the MEV driver 410 generates three types of sound outputs. The first audio output is an electromagnetic audio output, generated by an electromagnetic mechanism via an electromagnetic sound generator. The second audio output is a mechanical audio output, generated by a mechanical mechanism via a mechanical sound generator. (Refer to...) Figure 4A The drum-shaped plate 39 strikes the rear of the magnetic yoke 4 to generate mechanical audio. The third mechanical output is a vibration output, generated by the mechanical mechanism through a mechanical sound generator. In one example, the movement of the linear vertical vibrator 54 guides the movement of the housing 31, generating a vibration output at the MEV driver 400. To generate electromagnetic audio output, mechanical audio output, and vibration output, in one embodiment, the MEV driver 400 includes a magnetic yoke 4, housing 31, diaphragm 32, enameled voice coil 33, weight unit retainer 34, magnet 35, shaft 36, pin armature lock 361, printed circuit board 37, weight unit 38, drum-shaped plate 39, yoke 41, tuning paper 42, terminal block 43, pressure edge 44, magnet cover 45, mechanical spring 50, dust cover 51, yoke seat 52, spring edge 55, mechanical spring hole 521, spring leg 53, and linear vertical vibrator 54.

[0125] Reference Figure 4AThe magnetic yoke 4 is located at the center of the MEV driver 400. The MEV driver also includes a yoke 41, which comprises a shaft 36, a magnet 35, a magnet cover 45, a pin armature lock 361, and an external weight unit retainer 34 and a weight unit 38. A housing 31, located in the plastic housing of the MEV driver 400, connects the electromagnetic sound generator and the mechanical sound generator so that both generators can operate simultaneously. A diaphragm 32, located on top of the MEV driver 400 or 410, generates sound through molecular motion in response to the activity of the electromagnetic sound generator. An enameled voice coil 33, located below the diaphragm 32, can carry sound from... Figure 1 The current of the electroacoustic signal input is connected to the connecting cable 121. A weight unit retainer 34 extends from the yoke 41. It should be noted that the weight unit retainer 34 is held and extends to the side of the yoke 41, to the center of the magnetic yoke 4. A magnet 35 is located at the center of and / or around the axis 36. Based on the current generated by the electroacoustic signal input, the magnet 35 generates a magnetic field. An electromagnetic sound generator senses electromagnetic force, assisting the movement of the diaphragm 32, thereby generating an electromagnetic audio output. The axis 36 is located at the center of the magnetic yoke 4 and serves to support the magnet 35 fixing frame. A pin armature lock 361 is located at the bottom of the magnetic yoke 4 and serves to lock the magnetic yoke 4 in the yoke seat position 52 so as to generate vibration together with the linear vertical vibrator 54. A printed circuit board 37 is located at the bottom of the MEV driver 400 or 410 and serves to connect the electroacoustic signal input to the enameled voice coil 33 and the audio driver. A weight unit 38 is located at the end of the weight unit retainer 34 and provides weight around the center of the yoke 4. One function of the weight unit 38 is to increase momentum and stability during the up-and-down movement of the yoke 4. A drum-shaped plate 39 is located on the side of the linear vertical vibrator 54 and is attached to the housing 31. One function of the drum-shaped plate 39 is to allow the bottom of the yoke 4 to strike an area, generating a mechanical audio output. A yoke 41 is located at the center of the MEV driver 410, and the yoke 41 includes a shaft 36, a magnet 35, a magnet cover 45, and a pin armature lock 361. A tuning stencil 42 is located at the bottom of the MEV driver 410 and is configured to control the airflow into the interior of the MEV driver 420 to adjust the audio characteristics. Figure 5D As shown, terminal block 43 is located on printed circuit board 37.

[0126] Figure 5A This is a top view of a mechanical electromagnetic vibration (“MEV”) driver 500 of a MAP headphone driver according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5B This is a top view of the magnetic yoke in the MEV driver 502 of the MAP headphone driver in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5C This is a top view of the linear vertical vibrator in the MEV driver 506 according to one embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that if... Figure 5A , 5BAdding or removing one or more components (circuits or elements) from 5C will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0127] Figure 5A A retaining edge 44 is shown located on top of the MEV driver 500. The retaining edge 44 surrounds the edge of the diaphragm 32 and is bonded to the housing 31. One function of the retaining edge 44 is to protect the edge of the diaphragm 32. A magnet cover 45 is located on top of the magnet 35 at the center of the yoke 4. The magnet cover 45 is used to cover and protect the magnet 35. Figure 5C As shown, the mechanical spring 50 is located below the magnetic yoke 4 and is locked by a pin armature lock 361 and a mechanical spring hole 521. The mechanical spring 50 includes a yoke seat 52, a spring leg 53, and a mechanical spring hole 521. The mechanical spring 50 has a drum-shaped plate 39 and is attached to the housing 31 in a relatively fixed position. One function of the mechanical spring 50 is to control the vertical vibration movement of the MAP earphone. Figure 5D As shown, a dust cover 51 is located at the bottom of the MEV driver 508 and is covered by a printed circuit board 37. The dust cover 51 is mounted on the side of the housing 31. The center hole is covered by tuning paper 42. One function of the dust cover 51 is to prevent dust from entering the internal structure of the MEV driver 508. A yoke 52 is located on top of a linear vertical vibrator 54, which is the placement position of the yoke 4, and is locked by a pin armature lock 361 through a mechanical spring hole 521. The mechanical spring hole 521 is located at the center of the mechanical spring 50 and matches the size of the pin armature lock 361 used to lock the yoke 4. A spring leg 53 is located at the mechanical spring 50 and extends to the yoke position 52, wherein the spring leg is used to extend the drum plate 39. One function of the spring leg 53 is to provide a spring function for the yoke 4 and the linear vertical vibrator 54, facilitating mechanical audio output and vibration output. The linear vertical vibrator 54 is located below the yoke 4, which is locked by the pin armature lock 361 through the mechanical spring hole 521.

[0128] like Figure 4A As shown, the linear vertical vibrator 54 can produce two types of audio outputs. The first type of audio output is mechanical audio output, and the second type of audio output is vibrational output. In one example, the linear vertical vibrator 54 strikes the drum-shaped plate 39 to produce a mechanical sound, generating a mechanical audio output. The movement of the magnetic yoke 4 generates vibration, which promotes the movement of the linear vertical vibrator 54, forming a vibrational output. It should be noted that the up-and-down vibrational movement of the earplug will contact the sensitive part of the ear canal. The action of friction and / or contact with the sensitive part of the ear canal transmits signals to the brain, thereby producing sonic illusion.

[0129] In one embodiment, the electromagnetic sound generator is coupled to the mechanical sound generator via a housing 31 and a magnetic yoke 4, which are common components. It should be noted that it is important to allow both generators to operate simultaneously. This is to control the... Figure 5C The bottom of the mechanical spring hole 521 shown is formed as follows Figure 4A The number of spring legs 53 at the indicated angles; external weight unit retainers are used to fix the weight unit, increasing the stability of the shaft 36 during vertical movement. (As shown) Figure 5B As shown, the external weight unit retainer 34 has a small diameter, thus providing gap control during the vertical movement of the yoke 4. We will measure the measurable induced electromagnetic force generated by the electromagnetic generator (1). Figure 5C As shown, the elastic force of the mechanical spring 50 includes the mass of the magnetic yoke 4.

[0130] Figure 5D This is a bottom view of an embodiment of the MEV driver 508 of the present invention. In operation, the electronic audio inputs of the left and right players of the MAP headphones are the same or substantially the same. When the electronic audio input is coupled to the terminal block 43 of the printed circuit board 37 in the MEV driver 508, the electronic audio input is fed to the enameled voice coil 33 and subsequently transmitted to the audio driver. It should be noted that the frequency response after 1500Hz can be tuned using the tuning paper 42.

[0131] like Figure 5A and Figure 5B As shown, the diameter of the fixed weight unit 38 near the weight unit holder 34 is smaller than the diameter of the outer casing 31, thus creating a gap that allows for free movement in the vertical direction. It should be noted that non-vertical movement may result in energy loss. Figure 5C The thickness of the mechanical spring 50, the number of spring legs 53, the thickness of the spring legs 52, and the configuration of the mechanical spring 50 used to control the spring force are shown. It should be noted that longer and thinner spring legs 53 can provide additional elasticity to the MEV drive 506. The number of spring legs 53 also affects the balance of the shaft 36. In one example, the length of the spring legs 53 is configured to control, for example... Figure 4A The structural angles of the drum-shaped plate 39 are shown. Note that the distance between the spring leg 53 and the drum-shaped plate 39 will affect the sound output related to the mechanical striking efficiency.

[0132] Figure 6A This is a cross-sectional view showing the audio output generated by an electromagnetic sound generator in an MEV driver 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The MEV driver 600 includes a diaphragm 32, an enameled voice coil 33, and a drum-shaped plate 39. The reaction flow shown by the dashed line 610 illustrates the movement of the diaphragm 32 during operation. It should be noted that if... Figure 6A Add or from Figure 6ARemoving one or more components (circuits or elements) will not alter the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. In one embodiment, an electronic audio input is fed to a printed circuit board 37, which continues to feed the input signal to various components including one or more audio drivers.

[0133] Figure 6B This is a cross-sectional view illustrating the audio output generated by a mechanical sound generator in a MEB driver 602 according to one embodiment of the invention, and another embodiment according to the invention. The MEB driver 602 includes a diaphragm, an enameled voice coil, and a drum-shaped plate 39. The drum-shaped plate 39 facilitates the generation of the mechanical output. It should be noted that if... Figure 6B Add or from Figure 6B Deleting one or more components (circuits or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0134] Figure 7A This is a schematic diagram illustrating a vibrational audio output generated by a mechanical sound generator in an MEV driver 700 according to one embodiment of the present invention, and according to another embodiment of the present invention. The MEV driver 700 includes a housing vibration component 710 and a mechanical spring component 712 for facilitating the generation of the vibrational output. In one embodiment, the housing vibration component 710 includes... Figure 4A The housing 31 and pressure edge 44 are shown. The mechanical spring component 712 includes a drum-shaped plate 39. Figure 4A The mechanical spring 50 is shown. It should be noted that if... Figure 7A Add or from Figure 7A Deleting one or more components (circuits or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0135] Figure 7B This is a schematic diagram of an MEV driver 702 or 706 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The MEV driver 702 or 706 provides a reactive flow of electromagnetic audio output generated by an electromagnetic sound generator. The MEV driver 702 or 706 is capable of using any one of three audio outputs generated by the electromagnetic mechanism of the electromagnetic sound generator. It should be noted that if... Figure 7B Add or from Figure 7B Deleting one or more components (circuits or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0136] In one embodiment, Figure 7BThe movement of diaphragm 32 as a reactive flow for electromagnetic audio output is illustrated, as shown by arrow 720. After the printed circuit board 37 receives an audio input signal, the magnetic field generated by the magnet guides a current in the same direction. The movement of diaphragm 32 will move upward or downward depending on the direction of the current. For example, when the current flows in the negative direction, the direction of the electromagnetic force may change to assist the direction of the current flow. It should be noted that the up-and-down movement of diaphragm 32 can drive air molecules to transmit sound, as the audio output. It should be noted that different frequencies of electronic audio input will generate different currents in the MAP headphones because different frequencies produce different sound pressure levels.

[0137] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a mechanical sound generator in one embodiment of the invention, and a reaction flow that generates a mechanical audio output within an MEV driver 800 or 802 according to another embodiment of the invention. Figure 6B Similar to the MEB driver 602 shown, the MEV driver 800 or 802 includes a diaphragm, an enameled voice coil, and a drum-shaped plate 39. The drum-shaped plate 39 is used to facilitate the generation of mechanical output. On the one hand, as... Figure 4A As shown, by striking the drum-shaped plate 39 on the magnetic yoke 4, the outer casing 31 is pushed to move, generating a mechanical output, which in turn produces a mechanical and vibratory sound output. Note that the movement of the diaphragm 32 causes both vibrational and mechanical audio outputs. It should be noted that if... Figure 8 Add or from Figure 8 Deleting one or more components (circuits or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0138] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating the reaction flow of a mechanical sound generator according to one embodiment of the invention, generating a vibratory audio output within a MEV driver 900 or 902 according to another embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that the audio output begins with movement of the diaphragm 32, which induces an electromagnetic force that drives the yoke 4, causing the linear vertical vibrator 54 to vibrate, as... Figure 4A As shown. A mechanical audio output is generated until the falling yoke 4 strikes the drum-shaped plate 39. It should be noted that if... Figure 9 Add or from Figure 9 Deleting one or more components (circuits or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0139] In one example, the MEV driver 900 or 902 uses a mechanical sound generator to facilitate the generation of vibrational output. During operation, an electromagnetic sound generator is used to induce electromagnetic force as the diaphragm 32 moves. For example, as... Figure 4AAs shown, the movement of the diaphragm 32 causes the enameled voice coil 33 to move under the magnetic field of the magnet 35, generating a reaction on the yoke 4. The yoke 4 is configured as a free-floating mechanism, which is locked to one side of the linear vertical vibrator 54 and the housing 31. When the diaphragm 32 vibrates up and down, it converts the movement of the yoke 4, the linear vertical vibrator 54, and the housing 31. The force acting on the housing 31 then provides the vibration output of the MAP headphones. It should be noted that the weight and structure of the yoke 4 are related to the response, vibration amplitude, and resonant frequency. The electromagnetic force causes the yoke 4 to bounce back, counteracting the elasticity of the mechanical spring 50 in the linear vertical vibrator 54. The resonant frequency and vibration amplitude of the MAP headphones are related to the design and parameters of all components in the MAP headphones.

[0140] Figure 10A This is a schematic diagram 1000 illustrating a single first MEV driver 1010 and a single audio device 1011 of a MAP headset in one embodiment of the present invention. One embodiment of the present invention illustrates a single MEV driver 1010 and a MEV driver coupled to an audio driver 1011 in another embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that if... Figure 10A Add or from Figure 10A Deleting one or more components (circuits or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0141] The audio driver 1011, also known as a secondary audio device, can be constructed according to electromagnetic, piezoelectric, dynamic, mechanical, and / or armature-type audio devices. It should be noted that the MEV driver of MAP headphones includes a free-floating magnetic yoke with a non-fixed position; during movement, some energy is transferred to a mechanical spring. The frequency response curve of the MEV driver of the electromagnetic sound generator exhibits a low sound pressure level in the mid- or high-frequency range. An important feature of the audio driver 1011 is its compensation for the low sound pressure level in the mid- to high-frequency range.

[0142] Figure 10B Figure 1002 is a schematic diagram illustrating a plurality of audio drivers 1012 in a MAP headset according to one embodiment of the present invention and another embodiment of the present invention. Apart from the addition of additional audio drivers to generate a full-range frequency response to optimize audio sound output, Figure 1002 is similar to Figure 1000, as... Figure 10A As shown in the diagram. In one embodiment, the number of audio drivers used is a matching function related to the MEV driver and the application. It should be noted that the audio output from the audio drivers constitutes a significant portion or majority of the total audio output. It should be noted that if... Figure 10B Add or from Figure 10B Deleting one or more components (circuits or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0143] Figure 11 Figure 1100 illustrates several vibration band amplitude curves of the audio output of a MAP headset according to one embodiment of the invention and another embodiment of the invention. Figure 1100 shows the vibration band amplitude curves of the MAP headset, containing information related to the response signal and tolerance. The vibration band amplitude curves combine the audio outputs of all drivers to form the audio frequency response characteristics. As can be seen from Figure 1100, the frequency response curves show an audio characteristic with a deep V-shaped drop in sound pressure level around or before 200 Hz. In one example, the deep V-shaped drop in sound pressure level before 200 Hz comes from energy transfer from the electromagnetic acoustic generator to the mechanical acoustic generator. The deep V-shaped drop frequency points below 200 Hz can be controlled according to application and / or control requirements. It should be noted that the transferred energy causes movement of the yoke and linear vertical vibrator in the mechanical acoustic generator.

[0144] Figure 12 Figure 1200 illustrates the vibration amplitude associated with the vibrational audio output generated by the MAP headphones according to one embodiment of the invention and another embodiment of the invention. In operation, upon arrival of the electronic audio input, the electromagnetic sound system or electromagnetic sound generator activates diaphragm movement in response to the induced electromagnetic force. The diaphragm movement induces an electromagnetic force applied to the yoke, thereby causing the linear vertical vibrator to move. Since the linear vertical vibrator is fixed to the housing, the movement causes the MAP headphones to produce a vibrational output. Figure 1200 shows the total vibrational energy of the MAP headphones approximately between 80-200 Hz. It should be noted that the minimum vibrational amplitude is set at the resonant frequency of 20 mg when the input voltage is 0.126 Vrms. Figure 1102 shows the minimum vibrational amplitude of the MAP headphones, where the frictional frequency should be between 80-200 Hz. Figure 12 As shown.

[0145] Figure 12This is a graph illustrating the vibration response curves associated with the vibrational audio output generated by MAP headphones according to one embodiment of the invention and another embodiment according to the invention. Figure 1200 shows the vibrational frequency range between 80-200 Hz. Figure 1200 also shows the maximum vibrational amplitude of the MAP headphones at the resonant frequency (approximately 140 Hz). It should be noted that 140 Hz is approximately between 80 and 200 Hz. The vibrational output is configured to use different frequencies and amplitudes to transmit sound signals to the brain through the newly discovered auditory system. Different frequencies and amplitudes have different effects on the sensitive points of the ear canal and eardrum, transmitting audio at different frequencies. It should be noted that the vibrational frequencies within the 80-200 Hz range include the bass range of a subwoofer, enhancing the bass effect. In one embodiment, the vibrational amplitude is a factor that produces sonic illusion. For example, with an input voltage of 0.126 root mean square voltage (“Vrms”), the minimum amplitude level of the vibration is 20 mg and varies depending on the input voltage. Vibrations create friction on the sensitive surfaces of the ear canal and tympanic tube, transmitting audio signals to the brain as a sonic output (the effect of vibration). This is a secondary pathway in the auditory system.

[0146] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention include various processing steps, which are described in detail below. The steps of this embodiment may be embodied in machine or computer-executable instructions. These instructions can be used to start a general-purpose or special-purpose system, which is programmed with instructions to perform the steps of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Alternatively, the steps of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention may be performed by a specific hardware component containing hardwired logic for performing these steps, or by any combination of a programmed computer component and a custom hardware component.

[0147] Figure 13 This is a flowchart 1300 illustrating the process by which a MAP headset, according to an embodiment of the present invention, converts an electroacoustic signal into different audio sound outputs. In block 1302, electronic audio input is received from an external host system. In one example, the process can receive wireless audio input via a wireless network, or the process can also receive audio input via a cable connected to an external system.

[0148] In box 1304, the earpieces of the MAP headphones are coupled to or inserted into the ear canal to provide audio sound. In one example, the MAP headphones include a left player and a right player, each of which includes an earpiece.

[0149] In block 1306, a first sound driver, also known as a MEV driver, is activated in response to an electronic audio input, producing a vibrational output to assist the user in generating audio hearing through a first auditory pathway via at least a portion of the ear canal's sensitive points. In one embodiment, the first auditory pathway is a completely new auditory system that can be perceived by a deaf or hearing-impaired person. The process can also generate electromagnetic audio sounds, or it can generate mechanical audio sounds.

[0150] In block 1308, the process activates a second sound driver, also known as an audio driver, to generate a sound output based on an electronic audio input, helping to generate audio that can be perceived via the user's eardrum through the second auditory pathway. The process can also apply a vibratory motion, rubbing a portion of the sensitive area of ​​the eardrum, to enhance hearing via the first auditory pathway.

[0151] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a digital processing system or computer system associated with one or more MAP headsets according to an embodiment of the present invention. On one hand, the digital processing system can be embedded in the MAP headset to perform other functions, such as remote communication, network communication, and data storage. Alternatively, the digital processing system can be an external system that provides electronic audio signals to the MAP headset. The computer system 1400 includes a processing unit 1401, an interface bus 1412, and an input / output (“I / O”) unit 1420. The processing unit 1401 includes a processor 1402, main memory 1404, system bus 1411, static memory device 1406, bus control unit 1405, I / O elements 1430, and FPGA 1485. It should be noted that if... Figure 14 Add or from Figure 14 Deleting one or more blocks (circuits or elements) will not change the basic concept of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0152] Bus 1411 is used to transfer information and perform data processing between various components and processor 1402. Processor 1402 can be any of various general-purpose processors, embedded processors, or microprocessors, such as... Embedded processors Core TM Duo, Core TM Quad, Pentium TM microprocessors, Motorola TM 68040, Ryzen TM , Series processors, or Power PC TM microprocessor.

[0153] Main memory 1404 may include multi-level cache memory for storing frequently used data and instructions. Main memory 1404 may be RAM (Random Access Memory), MRAM (Magnetic RAM), or flash memory. Static memory 1406 may be ROM (Read-Only Memory) and may be coupled to bus 1411 for storing static information and / or instructions. Bus control unit 1405 is coupled to buses 1411-1412 and controls components that can use the bus, such as main memory 1404 or processor 1402. Bus control unit 1405 manages communication between buses 1411 and 1412. Mass storage memory or SSD, which may be a disk, optical disk, hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM, and / or flash memory, is used to store large amounts of data.

[0154] In one embodiment, I / O unit 1420 includes a display 1421, a keyboard 1422, a cursor control device 1423, and a PLD 1425. The display device 1421 may be a liquid crystal display, a cathode ray tube (“CRT”), a touchscreen display, or other suitable display device. The display device 1421 projects or displays images from a graphics planning board. The keyboard 1422 may be a conventional alphanumeric input device for transmitting information between computer system 1400 and the computer operator. Another type of user input device is the cursor control device 1423, such as a conventional mouse, touch mouse, trackball, or other types of cursors for transmitting information between system 1400 and the user.

[0155] Computer system 1400 can connect to various servers through network infrastructure, as shown below.

[0156] Figure 15 Figure 1500 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cloud-based system environment using one or more MAP headsets according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1500 shows an AI server 1508, a communication network 1502, a switching network 1504, an Internet 1550, and portable electronic devices 1513-1519. On one hand, PSDs or WAPs with various WCBs can be used for the AI ​​server, portable electronic devices, and / or the switching network. The network or cloud network 1502 can be a wide area network (“WAN”), a metropolitan area network (“MAN”), a local area network (“LAN”), a satellite / terrestrial network, or a combination of WAN, MAN, and LAN. It should be noted that the basic concept of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention will not change if one or more blocks (or networks) are added to or removed from Figure 1500.

[0157] Network 1502 includes multiple network nodes. Figure 15Not shown, each node may include a Mobility Management Entity (“MME”), Radio Network Controller (“RNC”), Serving Gateway (“S-GW”), Packet Data Network Gateway (“P-GW”), or Home Agent, providing various network functions. Network 1502 is coupled to Internet 1550, AI server 1508, base station 1512, and switching network 1504. In one embodiment, server 1508 includes a Machine Learning Computer (“MLC”) 1506.

[0158] Switching network 1504, which may be referred to as a packet core network, includes cell sites 1522-1526 capable of providing radio access communication, such as 3G (third generation), 4G, 5G, or 6G cellular networks. In one example, switching network 1504 includes an IP- and / or Multiprotocol Label Switching (“MPLS”) based network capable of operating at the Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model (“OSI Model”) layer for information transmission between clients and network servers. In one embodiment, switching network 1504 is logically coupled to multiple users and / or mobile devices 1516-1520 within a geographic area via cellular and / or wireless networks. It should be noted that a geographic area can refer to a campus, city, metropolitan area, country, etc.

[0159] Base station 1512, also known as a cell site, node B, or eNodeB, includes a radio tower capable of coupling to various user equipment (“UE”) and / or electronic user equipment (“EUE”). The terms UE and EUE refer to similar portable devices and are used interchangeably. For example, a UE or PED could be a cellular phone 1515, a laptop computer 1517, etc., that communicates wirelessly. 1516, Tablet PCs and / or 1519. "Handheld device" can also refer to a smartphone, such as... In one example, base station 1512 facilitates network communication between mobile devices (such as portable handheld devices 1515 or 1519) via wired and / or wireless communication networks. It should be noted that base station 1512 may include additional radio towers and other terrestrial switching circuits.

[0160] Internet 1550 is a computing network using Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (“TCP / IP”) that provides a communication link between geographically separated devices. In one example, Internet 1550 is coupled to a provider server 1538 and a satellite network 1530 via a satellite receiver 1532. In one example, satellite network 1530 can provide numerous functions, such as wireless communication and Global Positioning System (“GPS”). It should be noted that MAP phones can be used in many fields, such as, but not limited to, smartphones 1515-1516, satellite network 1530, automobiles 1513, AI servers 1508, business applications 1507, and home applications 1520.

[0161] The present invention comprises a soft ear adapter body made of elastic material and a vibration conduction layer embedded within the adapter body; the outer contour shape of the soft ear adapter body matches the anatomical structure of the sensitive position of the ear canal in the anterior two-fifths of the human ear canal; the vibration conduction layer is used to transmit the vibration output from the headphone driver to the sensitive position of the ear canal, which can efficiently conduct vibration signals to the user's ear canal sensitive position and optimize wearing comfort; that is, through the synergistic design of materials, hardness and surface structure, the vibration loss and wearing discomfort problems of traditional adapters are solved.

[0162] In other words, the solution of this invention can improve vibration transmission efficiency, and the soft ear adapter coupling device design optimizes wearing comfort, making it suitable for long-term use. Furthermore, the soft ear adapter of this invention is detachable and replaceable, adapting to different users' ear canal sizes.

[0163] In other words, the present invention provides a multi-path auditory ("MAP") headphone that connects to an external electronic system to convert electroacoustic signals into audio, including headphones, a first sound driver, and a second sound driver. On one hand, the MAP headphone is inserted into the ear canal to provide audio sound. The operable first sound driver generates a vibration output, which passes through a portion of the ear canal's sensitive area and through the auditory pathway to enhance the user's hearing. The second sound driver generates a sound output, which passes through the user's eardrum and through another auditory pathway to enhance the user's audio hearing. Furthermore, this invention provides headphones with ultra-low frequency effects and 3D surround sound effects, and can also be used by deaf individuals as a hearing aid.

[0164] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A flexible earphone adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and for vibration conduction, characterized in that, The device includes a soft ear adapter body made of elastic material, and a vibration conduction layer embedded in the adapter body; The outer contour of the soft ear adapter body matches the anatomical structure of the sensitive position of the ear canal in the anterior two-fifths of the human ear canal; the vibration conduction layer is used to transmit the vibration output from the earphone driver to the sensitive position of the ear canal.

2. The soft ear adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and for vibration conduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the soft ear adapter body is provided with a micro-protrusion structure, the height of which is 0.1-0.5mm, to increase the coefficient of friction with the sensitive part of the ear tube.

3. The soft ear adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and for vibration conduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic material is at least one of silicone, thermoplastic elastomer, or soft polyurethane.

4. A soft-ear adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and for vibration conduction according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The inner surface of the adapter body is provided with a snap-fit ​​structure or threaded interface for connecting to the headphone driver.

5. A soft-ear adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and for vibration conduction according to claim 4, characterized in that, The front end of the adapter body is provided with an acoustic transmission hole for the sound generated by the audio driver to pass through. The adapter body has a buffer air chamber at its rear end for absorbing high-frequency vibration noise.

6. A soft-ear adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and for vibration conduction according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adapter body has a thickness of 0.5-2mm and a hardness of Shore A 10-30 degrees.

7. A central structure for transmitting audio sound, characterized in that, The central structure is applied to a soft-ear adapter coupling device suitable for headphones and for vibration conduction, as described in any one of claims 1 to 6. The central structure consists of a front plastic cover, a sound chamber, an audio driver, and an emission port; wherein, the central structure generates audio sound through the emission port, which is transmitted through air particles and reaches the listener through the eardrum.

8. The central structure for transmitting audio sound according to claim 7, characterized in that, One or more audio drivers with resonance at the acoustic chamber location are located on the front plastic cover; The front plastic cover is a plastic cover used to protect and / or house the audio driver that generates the MAP headphone resonance performance; wherein, the front plastic cover facilitates the connection between the MEV driver and the audio driver; The emission port is located at the front of the MAP earphone.

9. A MAP headset, characterized in that, The headphones include a soft-ear adapter coupling device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, and a first sound driver or MEV driver for generating vibration output; A second sound driver or audio driver used to generate audio output; The audio output and vibration output simultaneously stimulate different auditory pathways to achieve sonic illusion.

10. A method for preparing a soft ear adapter coupling device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Form the adapter body so that its outer contour matches the anatomical structure of the sensitive area of ​​the ear canal; A vibration conduction layer is provided within the adapter body; The outer surface of the adapter body is roughened to increase friction.

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