Transmitter and transmission method

Abstract

A transmitter includes: a control unit that arranges a zero power resource in a first signal in a time-frequency domain; and a transmission unit that non-orthogonally multiplexes and transmits the first signal and a second signal, the transmission unit transmitting at least all of a plurality of repeated transmissions included in the second signal by means of a resource in which the zero-power resource is arranged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a transmitter and a transmission method in a wireless communication system. Background Art

[0002] In NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), which is the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies are being researched to meet the requirements of high-capacity systems, high-speed data transmission, low latency, simultaneous connection of multiple terminals, low cost, and power saving (e.g., Non-Patent Literature 1).

[0003] In addition, NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) is currently under research. NTN uses non-terrestrial networks such as satellites to provide services to areas that are mainly inaccessible to terrestrial 5G networks due to cost constraints (e.g., non-patent literature 2 and non-patent literature 3).

[0004] In NTN, for example, large Doppler frequency shifts occur due to the high-speed movement of the satellite. Therefore, the use of waveforms with high tolerance to Doppler frequency shifts is being investigated, such as waveforms using OTFS (Orthogonal Time Frequency Space) (e.g., non-patent document 4).

[0005] Existing technical documents

[0006] Non-patent literature

[0007] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 38.300V17.3.0 (2022-12)

[0008] Non-patent document 2: 3GPP TR 38.821V16.0.0 (2019-12)

[0009] Non-Patent Document 3: Konishi, “A Study Related to Downlink Frequency Sharing in HAPS Mobile Communication Systems”, IEEE General Conference, B-17-1, 2020

[0010] Non-patent document 4: R.Hadani et al., "Orthogonal Time Frequency SpaceModulation," 2017IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), San Francisco, CA, USA, 2017

[0011] Non-patent literature 5: Hadani R, Monk A. OTFS: A new generation of modulation addressing the challenges of 5G[J], 2018

[0012] Non-patent document 6: V.Khammammetti and SKMohammed, "Spectral Efficiency of OTFS Based Orthogonal Multiple Access With Rectangular Pulses," in IEEETransactions on Vehicular Technology, 2022

[0013] Non-patent document 7: A.Chatterjee, V.Rangamgari, S.Tiwari and SSDas, "Nonorthogonal Multiple Access With Orthogonal Time-Frequency Space SignalTransmission," in IEEE Systems Journal, vol.15, no.1, pp.383-394, March 2021

[0014] Non-patent document 8: Y.Ge, Q.Deng, PCChing and Z.Ding, "OTFS Signaling forUplink NOMAof Heterogeneous Mobility Users," in IEEE Transactions onCommunications, vol.69, no.5, pp.3147-3161, May 2021

[0015] Non-Patent Literature 9: Chaouech H, Bouallegue R. Channel estimation and multiuser detection in asynchronous satellite communications[J], 2010

[0016] Non-patent document 10: Y.Wu and Z.Zhang, "Co-existence Analysis of OTFS and OFDMWaveforms for Multi-mobility Scenarios," 2022IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring), 2022, pp.1-5

[0017] Non-patent document 11: 3GPP TS 38.214V17.4.0 (2022-12) Summary of the Invention

[0018] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0019] When transmitting signals using waveforms that differ from previous signals and have low compatibility, it is necessary to multiplex them with signals using the previous waveforms. However, in some communication environments, it is difficult to efficiently multiplex these signals.

[0020] The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to multiplex signals using different waveforms in a wireless communication system.

[0021] Methods for solving problems

[0022] According to the disclosed technology, a transmitter is provided, comprising: a control unit that configures zero-power resources in a first signal in the time-frequency domain; and a transmission unit that performs non-orthogonal multiplexing of the first signal and a second signal and transmits them, wherein the transmission unit transmits at least all of a certain repeated transmission among a plurality of repeated transmissions included in the second signal by configuring the zero-power resources.

[0023] Invention Effects

[0024] According to the disclosed technology, signals using different waveforms can be multiplexed in a wireless communication system. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a wireless communication system.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an NTN environment.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of power shaping according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a diagram used to illustrate an example (1) of reuse involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of reuse involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating example (1) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating example (3) of power shaping in the DD domain involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating example (4) of power shaping in the DD domain involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating example (5) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example (6) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example (7) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 14 This is a diagram used to illustrate the gain (1) of the method involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 15 This is a diagram used to illustrate the gain (2) of the method involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 16 This is a diagram used to illustrate the gain (3) of the method involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 17 This is a diagram used to illustrate the objective of the method involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a method involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 19This is a diagram illustrating an example of the DFT involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of the transmission method involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 21 This is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of the transmission method involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 22 This is a diagram illustrating the gain (1) of the transmission method involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 23 This is a diagram illustrating the gain (2) of the transmission method involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 24 This is a diagram illustrating the gain (3) of the transmission method involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 25 This is a diagram illustrating the gain (4) of the transmission method involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 26 This is a diagram illustrating the OTFS transmission method (1) according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 27 This is a diagram illustrating the OTFS transmission method (2) according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 28 This is a diagram illustrating the OTFS transmission method (3) according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 29 This is a diagram illustrating the OTFS transmission method (4) according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 30 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of sparse mapping in the DD domain involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 31 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of sparse mapping in the DD domain involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 32 This is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of sparse mapping in the DD domain involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 33This is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of sparse mapping in the DD domain involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 34 This is a diagram used to illustrate a recurring example (1) in the TF domain involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 35 This is a diagram used to illustrate the recurring example (2) in the TF domain involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 36 This is a diagram illustrating example (1) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 37 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 38 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of multiplexing in the TF domain involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 39 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of multiplexing in the TF domain involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 40 This is a diagram illustrating example (3) of multiplexing in the TF domain involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 41 This is a diagram illustrating example (4) of multiplexing in the TF domain involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 42 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a notification related to zero power resources in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 43 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (1) according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 44 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (2) according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 45 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (3) according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 46 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (4) according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 47 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (5) according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 48 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (6) according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 49 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (7) according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0074] Figure 50 This is a diagram showing a structural example (1) of the transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0075] Figure 51 This is a diagram showing a structural example (2) of the transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0076] Figure 52 This is a diagram showing a structural example (3) of the transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] Figure 53 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of multiple access according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] Figure 54 This is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of multiple access according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0079] Figure 55 This is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of multiple access according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0080] Figure 56 This is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of multiple access according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0081] Figure 57 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of a base station 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0082] Figure 58 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0083] Figure 59 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station 10 or terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0084] Figure 60 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a vehicle 2001 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0085] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the embodiments described below are examples, and the application of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

[0086] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to embodiments of the present invention, existing technologies are appropriately used. These existing technologies include, for example, existing LTE, but are not limited to, existing LTE. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the term "LTE" as used in this specification has a broad meaning that includes LTE-Advanced and subsequent modes (e.g., NR).

[0087] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention described below, the terms SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) used in existing LTE systems are used. These are for ease of description, and the same signals and functions may also be referred to by other names. In addition, the above terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily explicitly written as "NR-".

[0088] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the duplex mode can be TDD (Time Division Duplex), FDD (Frequency Division Duplex), or other modes (e.g., Flexible Duplex).

[0089] Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the "configure" wireless parameters can be pre-configured predetermined values, or wireless parameters notified from the base station 10 or the terminal 20.

[0090] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating a structural example (1) of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the wireless communication system in this embodiment of the invention includes a base station 10 and a terminal 20. Figure 1 The diagram shows one base station 10 and one terminal 20, but this is just one example; there could be multiple terminals.

[0091] Base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and wirelessly communicates with terminal 20. The physical resources of the wireless signal are defined in the time and frequency domains. The time domain can be defined by the number of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, and the frequency domain can be defined by the number of subcarriers or resource blocks. Base station 10 sends synchronization signals and system information to terminal 20. Synchronization signals are, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. System information is transmitted, for example, via NR-PBCH, also known as broadcast information. Synchronization signals and system information can also be referred to as SSB (SS / PBCH block). Figure 1 As shown, base station 10 sends control signals or data to terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both base station 10 and terminal 20 are capable of beamforming for signal transmission and reception. Furthermore, both base station 10 and terminal 20 can apply MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) based communication to DL or UL. Additionally, base station 10 and terminal 20 can also communicate via CA (Carrier Aggregation) based secondary cells (SCell) and primary cells (PCell). Moreover, terminal 20 can also communicate via DC (Dual Connectivity) based primary cells of base station 10 and primary SCG cells of other base stations 10.

[0092] Terminal 20 is a communication device with wireless communication capabilities, such as a smartphone, mobile phone, tablet computer, wearable terminal, or M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module. Figure 1 As shown, terminal 20 receives control signals or data from base station 10 via DL and transmits control signals or data to base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system. Furthermore, terminal 20 receives various reference signals transmitted from base station 10 and performs propagation path quality measurements based on the reception results of these reference signals.

[0093] Terminal 20 is capable of carrier aggregation to communicate with base station 10 by bundling multiple cells (multiple CCs (Component Carriers)). In carrier aggregation, one PCell (Primary cell) and one or more SCells (Secondary cells) are used. Alternatively, a PUCCH-SCell with a PUCCH can also be used.

[0094] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates an example of an NTN environment. NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) refers to a network that uses satellites or other non-terrestrial devices to provide services to areas that terrestrial 5G networks cannot cover primarily due to cost limitations. Furthermore, NTN enables the provision of more reliable services. For example, it is envisioned for applications in IoT (Internet of Things), ships, buses, trains, and critical communications. Additionally, NTN offers scalability based on efficient multicast or broadcast.

[0095] As an example of NTN, such as Figure 2 As shown, satellites or HAPS (High Altitude Platform Stations) can retransmit signals sent from ground base stations, providing large coverage areas for a large number of devices located in areas without ground base stations, such as forests, farms, fishing grounds, and isolated islands.

[0096] In addition, for the Internet of Things (IoT) in the next-generation NTN, in order to achieve large coverage, high mobility and high connectivity, multiple waveforms should be flexibly reused in order to cover the different specifications involved in PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio), mobility and connectivity.

[0097] Therefore, by reusing and shaping waveforms based on DFT-s-OTFS (Discrete Fourier Transform spread Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation), large coverage, high mobility, and high connectivity can be achieved in next-generation NTNs. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to NTNs, but can also be applied to TNs (Terrestrial Networks). As embodiments of the present invention, 1) and / or 2) shown below can be performed.

[0098] 1) To increase the power difference and improve the SIC (Successive Interference Canceller) gain, for NOMA (Non-orthogonal Multiple Access) using DFT-s-OTFS, power shaping in the Delay-Doppler domain can improve PAPR, mobility, and connectivity performance. Hereinafter, the Delay-Doppler domain will also be referred to as the DD domain.

[0099] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of power shaping according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 3 As shown, power shaping of NOMA signals using DFT-s-OTFS can be performed in the DD domain to increase the power difference.

[0100] 2) To achieve repetition in the time-frequency domain, a sparse mapping method in the DD domain can be performed on DFT-s-OTFS. Hereinafter, the time-frequency domain will also be referred to as the TF domain. Interference with DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is mitigated through this repetition, which provides better robustness in synchronization. Therefore, compatibility with DFT-s-OFDM in IoT systems with NTNs having different UE capabilities can be improved. Thus, a hybrid system of OTFS and OFDM that performs multiple repetitions and overlaps multiplexing is provided.

[0101] Figure 4This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of reuse involved in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 4 As shown, DFT-s-OTFS and DFT-s-OFDM require a guard interval when using frequency reuse.

[0102] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of reuse involved in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 In the example, DFT-s-OTFS is sent twice, with the second repetition overlapping with DFT-s-OFDM in the TF domain. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the hybrid system of OTFS and OFDM that performs multiple repeated transmissions and overlapped multiplexing using the method described in 2) above has the characteristics shown in 1)-3).

[0103] 1) No guard interval is required. This results in high SE (spectrum efficiency).

[0104] 2) Allocate all time / frequency resources to OTFS. This results in high diversity.

[0105] 3) Partial overlap is performed in the TF domain. This makes interference cancellation on the receiving side easier.

[0106] Furthermore, performance evaluation through simulations shows that achieving a power-domain NOMA with a BLER (Block Error Rate) of 0.01 requires an SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) of 31 dB, while the method described above requires an SNR of 23 dB, thus confirming an SNR gain of 8 dB. Additionally, the method of achieving a BLER of 0.01 by frequency reuse of OTFS and OFDM through guard intervals requires an SNR of 14 dB, while the method described above requires 11.5 dB, thus confirming an SNR gain of 2.5 dB.

[0107] As mentioned above, in the next generation of NTN, it is envisioned that a large number of devices with different capabilities exist within a certain coverage area. Therefore, it is possible to require the following (1)-3).

[0108] 1) High mobility. The large Doppler shift caused by the high mobility of both the NTN and the UE needs to be addressed. Residual Doppler shift can impact OFDM performance. Therefore, a Doppler-robust waveform, such as those from the OTFS family, should be considered.

[0109] 2) Large coverage area. Long propagation distances result in large path loss. To improve performance, a low PAPR is required. For example, DFT-s-OFDM and DFT-s-OTFS can achieve relatively low PAPR.

[0110] 3) High connectivity. NTN's wide coverage area improves connectivity. Accurate time-frequency synchronization is difficult considering latency and signaling overhead, requiring NOMA.

[0111] To achieve the above 1)-3), methods for multiplexing waveforms with different characteristics (low PAPR, high Doppler, high connectivity, etc.) should be studied.

[0112] For example, there are techniques as shown in 1) and 2).

[0113] 1) All users within the system use OTFS and apply power domain NOMA. Regarding power domain NOMA, it is assumed that the power difference between users in the NTN is small, thus degrading NOMA performance. Additionally, OTFS has low waveform compatibility with the OFDM family of NR.

[0114] 2) Some users within the system use OFDM for compatibility, while others use OTFS. OFDM and OTFS signals are frequency-multiplexed or time-multiplexed. Regarding frequency multiplexing, a guard interval is required, causing SE (sensor frequency) drop. Furthermore, interference occurs when precise time synchronization cannot be strictly achieved.

[0115] As mentioned above, in NTN systems designed to ensure high connectivity, it is necessary to determine how to design the NOMA approach for a large number of users using DFT-s-OTFS. Additionally, it is necessary to determine how to enable the coexistence of DFT-s-OFDM and DFT-s-OTFS with low interference for users in the NTN system with varying UE capabilities.

[0116] Therefore, waveforms based on DFT-s-OTFS can be reused and shaped to meet the requirements of large coverage, high mobility, and high connectivity in next-generation NTNs. Proposals 1 and 2 shown below can be implemented.

[0117] Proposal 1) can apply a NOMA method based on power shaping in the delayed Doppler domain of DFT-s-OTFS. By performing power shaping in the DD domain of DFT-s-OTFS for multiple users, the power difference is increased, thereby improving SIC performance on the receiver side.

[0118] For example, cell-specific power shaping can be performed. By statistically allocating channels in the DD domain for users of a given cell, multiple power shaping methods can be configured to identify multiple users at the receiver.

[0119] For example, UE-specific power shaping can be performed. By shaping the power of the channel for each user in the DD domain, it is possible to configure the receiver to identify multiple users.

[0120] Proposal 2) allows non-orthogonal multiplexing of DFT-s-OTFS and DFT-s-OFDM after sparse mapping in the DD domain. Iterations in the TF domain can be achieved through sparse mapping in the DD domain and the magnitude of the ISFFT (Inverse Symplectic Finite Fourier Transform) oriented towards DFT-s-OTFS. Through iterations, at least one undisturbed iteration can be ensured based on the TF resources of asynchronous or synchronous DFT-s-OFDM.

[0121] Furthermore, CP can be appended to each symbol in DFT-s-OFDM. This improves compatibility with DFT-s-OFDM. Additionally, some zero-power resources can be configured for DFT-s-OFDM, enabling effective interference cancellation at the receiver.

[0122] Furthermore, as mentioned above, in the simulation-based evaluation results, according to Proposal 1), DFT-s-OTFS, power shaping, and NOMA relative to DFT-s-OTFS and power domain NOMA confirmed an 8 dB SNR gain. According to Proposal 2), through partial overlap of sparsely mapped DFT-s-OTFS and DFT-s-OFDM, relative to frequency reuse, a 2.5 dB SNR gain was confirmed.

[0123] Based on Proposal 1) and Proposal 2), new transmitter designs, new signaling, and new UE capabilities are envisioned as implications for the specification.

[0124] Here, we envision deploying 1 billion IoT devices per square kilometer by 2030. This high-capacity connectivity exceeds the access capabilities of the TN (Network Transmission Network). Therefore, through the extensive coverage of the NTN, it is possible to complement the TN for IoT services.

[0125] Regarding the characteristics of IoT in NTN, let the speed be v, the speed of light be c, and the carrier frequency be f. c At that time, the Doppler frequency shift Δf = (v / c)f c Therefore, if vf c As the mobility increases, the Doppler frequency shift Δf increases, thus high mobility leads to a large Doppler frequency shift. Table 1 shows examples of Doppler frequency shifts in NTN.

[0126] [Table 1]

[0127] scene speed v <![CDATA[Carrier frequency, f c > Doppler frequency shift, Δf MEO, 10000km 4.9kmps 2GHz 15KHz LEO, 600km 7.6kmps 2GHz 48kHz

[0128] As shown in Table 1, at 10,000 km for MEO (Middle Earth Orbit), the velocity is 4.9 km / s, and the Doppler shift is 15 kHz at a carrier frequency of 2 GHz. Conversely, at LEO (Low Earth Orbit), the velocity is 7.6 km / s, and the Doppler shift is 48 kHz at a carrier frequency of 2 GHz.

[0129] Large Doppler shifts cause severe inter-carrier interference to OFDM family waveforms in the TF domain. For example, the performance of DFT-s-OFDM degrades. Therefore, OMA (orthogonal multiple access) is not optimal when achieving high connectivity over large coverage areas.

[0130] In NR-NTN technology, satellite ephemeris is communicated to the UE via the network. NR-NTN assumes a UE with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) capabilities and a known UE location. Based on the satellite ephemeris and UE location, propagation delay and Doppler shift are estimated to achieve precise time-frequency synchronization.

[0131] In the NTN-IoT scenario envisioning a large number of devices, OMA based on precise time-frequency synchronization faces challenges due to limited resources. Furthermore, accurate synchronization for IoT devices without GNSS capabilities is difficult.

[0132] Therefore, new waveforms and asynchronous operations with high robustness relative to Doppler shift should be considered in NTN. New waveforms could be, for example, waveforms using OTFS. Additionally, NOMA should be considered to meet high connectivity requirements. Furthermore, to provide services to IoT devices with varying capabilities, such as those with or without GNSS capabilities, highly flexible waveform multiplexing methods with different characteristics (PAPR, mobility, connectivity) should be supported. For example, multiplexing of OFDM and OTFS could be supported.

[0133] The waveform of OTFS is briefly described below (refer to Non-Patent Document 5). OTFS exhibits high robustness relative to Doppler shift. Transmission and signal processing are performed in the DD domain. The signal in the DD domain is transformed into the TF domain by ISFFT, which is equivalent to a two-dimensional expansion into both the time and frequency domains. High diversity is achieved. The performance gain of OTFS relative to OFDM increases under Doppler spread and Doppler shift conditions in multipath channels. For example, with an ideal channel estimation BLER of 0.1, OTFS has an SNR gain of 3.2-4.5 dB relative to OFDM. In a practical channel estimation BLER of 0.1 under large Doppler shift conditions, OTFS has an SNR gain of approximately 2.8 dB relative to OFDM.

[0134] On the other hand, OTFS has low compatibility with OFDM. Furthermore, methods that reuse both OTFS and OFDM are required.

[0135] The following describes the multi-access method for multi-user OTFS.

[0136] Multiple users using OTFS can reuse resources via OMA (see Non-Patent Document 6). Orthogonal resource allocation in the TF domain is achieved through interleaving in the DD domain and reduced ISFFT.

[0137] However, actual pulses, such as rectangular ones, cause multi-user interference in interleaved resource allocation methods. Furthermore, dynamic or semi-dynamic control in pre-defined and / or license-based transmissions requires significant latency in NTNs, and these settings sometimes lapse due to the high mobility of satellites. Pre-defined and / or license-based transmissions require orthogonality between users, which is not preferred in IoT services with a large number of devices.

[0138] Furthermore, multiple users using OTFS can be multiplexed via NOMA (see Non-Patent Documents 7 and 8). Multiplexing can be achieved through overlap in the DD domain for multiple users. Interference between specific users can be avoided by performing specific resource mapping in the delay domain for specific users. However, since the power difference is used to identify multiple users, NTN with an SNR gap of less than 3dB is not preferred (see Non-Patent Document 9). For example, Non-Patent Document 7 mainly envisions a power difference of 20dB, and Non-Patent Document 8 mainly envisions a power difference of at least 5dB, but performance may degrade when the power difference between users is smaller.

[0139] As mentioned above, OMA is not preferred in NTN-IoT. Considering the latency caused by the long propagation distance in NTN and the large signaling overhead due to the large number of devices, OMA is difficult in NTN-IoT, and impossible in the DD domain of OTFS. Therefore, NOMA is required.

[0140] In the method of directly combining OTFS with the power domain NOMA without considering the small SNR gap in NTN and the characteristics of OTFS, it is difficult to take advantage of the power difference between users and assume that the transmission power is the same in all symbols in the DD domain.

[0141] Therefore, it is necessary to design multiple access methods and waveforms for NTN-IoT under the conditions of high connectivity, low PAPR and small SNR gap between users.

[0142] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates an example of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. For multiple users using DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS, improving connectivity in the NTN needs to be considered. Therefore, to increase the power difference between users on the receiving side, power shaping in the DD domain can be performed.

[0143] like Figure 6 As shown, by performing power shaping in the DD domain, the power difference between multiple users in the DD domain is increased, thus improving performance. Figure 6 As shown, the transmitter of DFT-s-OTFS can perform processing in the following order: DFT, resource mapping, power shaping, ISFFT, IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform), and CP insertion. Furthermore, DFT and power shaping can also be optional.

[0144] For example, after power shaping, such as Figure 6 As shown, two levels of power can be generated. For multiple users in the DD domain, the same or different power shaping can be performed.

[0145] Based on the channel state in the DD domain, it is assumed that the channel power of each path remains almost constant in the DD domain. Therefore, interference cancellation for OTFS-NOMA is difficult. Consequently, power shaping in the DD domain increases the power difference. Between users with similar SNR or channel states, the power difference of the effective channel in the DD domain at the receiver is larger, thus making interference cancellation easier.

[0146] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating example (1) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7As shown, the same power A is set in the DD domain.

[0147] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 As shown, power differences are generated based on channel states, similar to h1 in UE1's channel and h2 in UE2's channel.

[0148] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating example (3) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 The signal received in the DD domain shown is used for NOMA in the power domain. The received power in UE1 is h1A, and the received power in UE2 is h2A. The difference in received power is due to the channel state.

[0149] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating example (4) of power shaping in the DD domain involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 10 The power shown illustrates an example of power shaping performed on the transmitting side based on statistical or instantaneous information related to delay spread and / or Doppler shift.

[0150] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating example (5) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 This refers to a situation where all resources in the DD domain generate a large power difference. For example... Figure 11 As shown, there is a sufficient time difference between τ1 when the power shaping of UE1 begins and τ2 when the power shaping of UE2 begins, and there is a period during which the received power h1A of UE1 and the received power h2A of UE2 differ significantly.

[0151] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example (6) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 This refers to a situation where some resources in the DD domain experience large power differences. For example... Figure 12 As shown, there is a time difference between τ1 when the power shaping of UE1 starts and τ2 when the power shaping of UE2 starts, and there is a period during which the received power h1A of UE1 and the received power h2A of UE2 differ significantly to a certain extent.

[0152] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example (7) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 This represents the worst-case scenario where all resources in the DD domain have the same power. For example... Figure 13 As shown, the power shaping of UE1 starts at τ1 and the power shaping of UE2 starts at τ2 almost simultaneously, and there is no period during which the received power h1A of UE1 and the received power h2A of UE2 do not differ significantly.

[0153] The proposed power-shaping NOMA, given known channel information related to delay and Doppler, can achieve... Figure 11 The diagram shows that a large power difference is generated in all resources of the DD domain, thus enabling performance gains.

[0154] Figure 14 This is a diagram used to illustrate the gain (1) of the method involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 15 This is a diagram used to illustrate the gain (2) of the method involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating the gain (3) of the method involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Table 2 shows... Figure 14 , Figure 15 as well as Figure 16 The parameters of the simulation results shown.

[0155] [Table 2]

[0156]

[0157] As shown in Table 2, the simulation results have the following parameters: number of subcarriers M = 128, number of symbols N = 32, number of UEs = 2, number of modulation symbols MN, modulation method is QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) or BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying), channel coding method is Turbo code, channel model is AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) with 1dB gain between 2 UEs, Doppler shift is uniform random number with [0, 128] subcarriers, detection algorithm is MMSE-SIC (Minimum Mean Squared Error-Successive Interference Canceller), shaping size is [32, 32], and shaping power gain is 3.5dB or 6dB.

[0158] Figure 14 The SNR versus BER characteristics are shown for the cases where the baseline is DFT-extended OTFS and BPSK with power domain NOMA, and for the cases where the power shaping of the proposed NOMA method is 5dB with DFT-extended OTFS and BPSK. Figure 14 As shown, when the BER (Bit Error Rate) is 10... -2 At that time, a gain of more than 1dB was obtained.

[0159] Figure 15The diagram shows the SNR versus BER characteristics for the baseline cases of DFT-extended DFT-s-OTFS and QPSK with power domain NOMA, and for the cases of DFT-extended DFT-s-OTFS and QPSK with power shaping of the proposed NOMA method at 4.5dB, 5dB, and 5.5dB. Figure 15 As shown, when BER is 10 -2 At that time, a gain of more than 3dB was obtained.

[0160] Figure 16 The SNR versus BLER characteristics are shown for the cases where the baseline is DFT-extended DFT-s-OTFS and QPSK with power domain NOMA, and for the cases where the power shaping of the proposed NOMA method is 4.5dB, 5dB, and 5.5dB with DFT-extended DFT-s-OTFS and QPSK. Figure 16 As shown, regarding SNR versus BLER, the NOMA method proposed above is better than the baseline.

[0161] The following explains the multiplexing method of OFDM and OTFS. To improve compatibility with NR waveforms and to support systems with multiple envisioned different UE capabilities, a method for the coexistence of OFDM and OTFS is needed.

[0162] When using time-division multiplexing for OFDM and OTFS, resource configuration is performed to ensure orthogonality between OFDM and OTFS users in the time domain. In the DD domain, repeated OTFS signals partially occupy resources in the time domain. OFDM signals are transmitted in the remaining unoccupied time domain resources. Strict time synchronization is required to avoid interference between OFDM and OTFS UEs. In time-division multiplexing, inaccurate synchronization can cause MUI (Multi-user Interference).

[0163] When using frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and OTFS, resource configurations are performed to ensure orthogonality between OFDM and OTFS users in the frequency domain. Guard intervals are required to avoid interference. Due to the guard intervals, the resource utilization efficiency (SE) decreases.

[0164] Furthermore, in highly mobile environments (refer to Non-Patent Document 10), OTFS exhibits higher diversity gain and lower error rate compared to OFDM. In both time-division multiplexing of OFDM and OTFS and frequency-division multiplexing of OFDM and OTFS, time-division multiplexing with higher diversity gain in the frequency domain results in a lower error rate.

[0165] As mentioned above, the multiplexing of OTFS and OFDM is less flexible and sometimes causes interference.

[0166] When using frequency division multiplexing for OFDM and OTSF, a guard interval is required between the frequency resources of OFDM and OTSF to avoid inter-carrier interference. When using time division multiplexing for OFDM and OTSF, accurate time synchronization is required between OFDM users and OTSF users, which is not preferred in environments with a large number of IoT devices.

[0167] When using DFT-s-OTFS and OTFS to multiplex with existing 5G signals, flexibility and compatibility must be ensured. Additionally, easy interference cancellation between different waveforms is required at the receiving end.

[0168] Therefore, a method is proposed to make OTFS and OFDM waveforms non-orthogonal. This enables DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS to coexist with DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM in a single system with high compatibility. Users of DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS and users of DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM can be configured in the same time-frequency resources to ensure the robustness of NTN in asynchronous environments.

[0169] For DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS, sparse resource mapping in the DD domain can be performed to perform repetitions in the TF domain. For DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM, resources are partially overlapped with one or more repetitions in DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS, leaving the remainder as zero, thereby avoiding interference and facilitating interference cancellation on the receiver side.

[0170] Figure 17 This is a diagram used to illustrate the objective of the method involved in the embodiments of the present invention. For example... Figure 17 As shown, to support the high mobility of NTN satellites or UEs, the different GNSS capabilities of each UE, and access to a large number of devices in 6G-NTN, waveform and multiple access methods need to be designed while maintaining backward compatibility. The objectives shown below can be achieved.

[0171] Objective 1: Improve the detection performance of signals from multiple users with assumed frequency offsets in highly mobile environments. Objective 2: Facilitate interference cancellation between different waveforms at the receiver.

[0172] Objective 3: Flexible and fully compatible with 5G signals

[0173] like Figure 17 As shown, the resource mapping for OTFS targets 1 and 2. Iteration in the time-frequency domain is achieved through sparse resource mapping in the delayed Doppler domain for DFT-s-OTFS.

[0174] The overlap of OTFS and OFDM targets 1 and 2. To achieve approximately interference-free transmission, an overlap is performed between repeated DFT-s-OFDM and DFT-s-OTFS operations.

[0175] Zero-power resources for OFDM are targeted at objective 2. To improve receiver-side SIC performance, partial overlap of DFT-s-OFDM and DFT-s-OTFS, as well as pseudo-orthogonal transmission between DFT-s-OFDM and DFT-s-OTFS, are performed.

[0176] The CP for OTFS is targeted at target 3. To ensure compatibility with DFT-s-OFDM, symbol unit CP insertion for DFT-s-OTFS is performed.

[0177] Figure 18 This diagram illustrates an example of the method involved in an embodiment of the present invention. Sparse resource mapping for DFT-s-OTFS is performed in the DD domain, and then transformed into the TF domain via ISFFT, achieving repetition of S1. Furthermore, configuring partial zero-power resources for DFT-s-OFDM in the TF domain, and overlapping with the DFT-s-OTFS signals D1, D2, and D3 in the TF domain, results in partial overlap between DFT-s-OFDM and DFT-s-OTFS. Figure 18 In the example, the DFT-s-OTFS signal repeats S1, configured in the zero-power resource of the DFT-s-OFDM, where MUI is reduced.

[0178] Figure 19 This diagram illustrates an example of the DFT involved in an embodiment of the present invention. A transformation between sparse mapping and iterative mapping is performed based on the characteristics of DFT expansion. DFT expansion is implemented through processing based on Equation 1.

[0179] [Formula 1]

[0180]

[0181] The iterative mapping after DFT expansion is represented by Equation 2.

[0182] [Formula 2]

[0183]

[0184] exist Figure 19 In the example, a 6-point DFT is performed on the sparse map on the y-axis, generating 2 iterations.

[0185] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of the transmission method involved in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 20This example illustrates signal generation on the DFT-s-OTFS side. A 3-point DFT is performed on the input data. Next, a sparse resource mapping is performed. Then, a 6-point ISFFT is performed in the DD domain. Next, a 6-point IFFT is performed in the frequency domain. Finally, CP insertion is performed, and the signal is output to the channel. Additional signals are also added to the channel. Figure 21 The signal on the DFT-s-OFDM side is described in the text.

[0186] Figure 21 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of the transmission method involved in the embodiment of the present invention. Zero insertion is performed on a portion of the input data. Next, a 3-point DFT is performed and mapped to the frequency domain. This generates a repeat in the TF domain. That is, extended mapping and repeat mapping are also performed on the DFT-s-OFDM side. Next, at least one data point in the repeat is removed and set to zero. Next, a 6-point IFFT is performed in the frequency domain. Next, CP insertion is performed, and the data is output to the channel. Additionally, data is added to the channel... Figure 20 The signal on the DFT-s-OTFS side is described in the text.

[0187] Figure 22 This is a diagram illustrating the gain (1) of the transmission method involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 23 This is a diagram illustrating the gain (2) of the transmission method involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 24 This is a diagram illustrating the gain (3) of the transmission method involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 25 This is a diagram illustrating the gain (4) of the transmission method involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Table 3 shows... Figure 22 , Figure 23 , Figure 24 as well as Figure 25 The parameters of the simulation results shown.

[0188] [Table 3]

[0189]

[0190] As shown in Table 3, the number of subcarriers M is 128, the number of OFDM symbols N is 64, the number of UEs is 2, the number of modulation symbols is (1 / 2)MN in both DFT-s-OFDM and DFT-s-OTFS, the modulation method is QPSK or BPSK, there is no channel coding method, the guard interval is 0, 1 or 2 subcarriers, the channel model is Rayleigh fading, the Doppler frequency shift is {0, 1 / 64, 12 / 64, 24 / 64, 63 / 64} of the subcarrier interval, and the detection algorithm is MMSE-SIC.

[0191] Figure 22 as well as Figure 23The baseline is DFT-s-OFDM and DFT-s-OTFS with inserted guard intervals and frequency reuse, applying BPSK. For example... Figure 22 as well as Figure 23 As shown, the BER performance of DFT-s-OTFS and DFT-s-OFDM decreases with increasing Doppler shift. With small Doppler shifts, such as 1 / 64 SCS, the difference between the proposed method and the baseline is small. On the other hand, with large Doppler shifts, such as 63 / 64 SCS, the proposed method achieves an SNR gain of approximately 2.5 dB compared to the baseline.

[0192] Figure 24 The baseline is DFT-s-OFDM, using QPSK. For example... Figure 24 As shown, without compensating for the Doppler shift, the proposed approach, compared to the baseline, for example, for a large Doppler shift, at BER=10 -2 A 1dB to 2dB SNR gain is achieved. When compensating for Doppler shift, the proposed approach is compared to the baseline, for example, at BER = 10. -2 A gain of 4dB to 5dB in SNR can be obtained at that time.

[0193] Figure 25 The baseline is DFT-s-OTFS, using BPSK. For example... Figure 25 As shown, the proposal method is compared to the baseline, for example, at BER=10. -2 Achieving an SNR gain of 1dB to 5dB is possible.

[0194] Here, the transmitting device can perform the following actions 1)-4).

[0195] Action 1) Structure of DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS

[0196] Action 1-1) Structure of the DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS transmitter

[0197] Actions 1-2) Sparse resource mapping and associated signaling in the DD domain

[0198] Actions 1-3) Shaping and Associated Signaling in the DD Domain

[0199] Actions 1-4) Applying DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS transport block size with sparse resource mapping

[0200] Action 2) is a structure that multiplexes signals from DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS based on Action 1, or a DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM structure.

[0201] Action 2-1) Definition and associated signaling of zero-power resources in DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM

[0202] Action 2-2) Transmitter structure of DFT-s-OFDM

[0203] Action 2-3) Transmitter structure of CP-OFDM

[0204] Actions 2-4) Transport block size of DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM using zero-power resources

[0205] Action 3) Transmitter structure after unification of OTFS and OFDM

[0206] Action 3-1) Transmitter Block Diagram

[0207] Action 3-2) Waveform setting method

[0208] Action 4) UE capabilities

[0209] The following describes the structure of action 1) DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS. The block diagram of the DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS transmitter can be designed to improve robustness against interference.

[0210] Action 1-1) Structure of the DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS transmitter

[0211] Sparse resource mapping and integer shaping in the DD domain can be appended as options between the DFT precoding and the ISFFT for DFT-s-OTFS, or as options before the ISFFT for OTFS. Sparse resource mapping and integer shaping can be applied separately or in combination.

[0212] This structure makes interference cancellation on the receiving side easier, improving performance. Furthermore, the default setting can also be no sparse resource mapping and no integers in the DD field.

[0213] Figure 26 This is a diagram illustrating the transmission method (1) of the OTFS according to the embodiments of the present invention. M represents the size of the delay domain and the size of the frequency domain. N represents the size of the Doppler domain and the size of the time domain. FFT S1 is the size of the IFFT, which is M or more. S1 is the sparsity of the delay domain, where S1-1 zeros are placed between two adjacent symbols in the delay domain. S2 is the sparsity of the Doppler domain, where S2-1 zeros are placed between two adjacent symbols in the Doppler domain.

[0214] In Equation 3, m represents the modulation symbol.

[0215] [Formula 3]

[0216]

[0217] The m1 and m2 shown in equation 4 and the d1 and d2 shown in equation 5 are the code elements of the DD field.

[0218] [Formula 4]

[0219]

[0220] [Formula 5]

[0221]

[0222] The x1 and x2 shown in equation 6 are code elements of the TF field.

[0223] [Formula 6]

[0224]

[0225] X3 shown in Equation 7 is the signal after IFFT.

[0226] [Formula 7]

[0227]

[0228] The s1 shown in Equation 8 is a time-domain symbol.

[0229] [Formula 8]

[0230]

[0231] The s shown in equation 9 includes the CP length L. CP The code elements.

[0232] [Formula 9]

[0233]

[0234] The PDD shown in Equation 10 is an integer matrix of the DD field.

[0235] [Formula 10]

[0236]

[0237] like Figure 26 As shown, the modulation symbol m is input to the S / P (serial-to-parallel conversion) module, and m1 is output to the subsequent module. Next, a DFT is performed on a column of size N / S2, and m2 is output to the subsequent module. Then, sparse resource mapping in the DD field is performed, and d1 is output to the subsequent module. Finally, through P... DDPerform integer shaping in the DD domain and output d2 to the subsequent module. Next, perform an N×M ISFFT and output x1 to the subsequent module. Then, perform physical resource mapping in the TF domain and output x2 to the subsequent module. Finally, perform a size M... FFT IFFT is performed on the first line, and x3 is output to the next module. Next, P / S (parallel-to-serial conversion) is performed, and s1 is output to the next module. Then, CP insertion is performed, and s is output.

[0238] Figure 27 This is a diagram illustrating the OTFS transmission method (2) according to the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 27 The S / P and DFT modules are shown. (Example) Figure 27 As shown, (MN) / (S1S2) modulation symbols m are input to the S / P. Then, a DFT of size N / S2 is performed in the columns, and symbols with N / S2 rows and M / S1 columns are output.

[0239] Figure 28 This is a diagram illustrating the OTFS transmission method (3) according to the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 28 This illustrates an ISFFT module that transforms symbol d2 in the DD field and outputs symbol X1 in the TF field. For example... Figure 28 As shown, the input d2(k, l) is used to output x1(m, n) through ISFFT.

[0240] Actions 1-2) Sparse resource mapping and associated signaling in the DD domain

[0241] For OTFS and DFT-s-OTFS, the sparse resource mapping in the DD domain can be specified by the sparsity S1 in the delay domain and the sparsity S2 in the Doppler domain. The parameters specifying the sparse resource mapping can be explicitly or implicitly specified. Furthermore, the sparse resource mapping can also be replaced by a sparse mapping.

[0242] Action 1-2-1) Sparse resource mapping for OTFS and DFT-s-OTFS can be specified by standard degrees S1 and S2 and starting indices A1 and A2 as options.

[0243] Figure 29 This is a diagram illustrating the OTFS transmission method (4) according to the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 29 This illustrates the sparse resource mapping based on parameters S1, S2, A1, and A2.

[0244] For example, when S1 is greater than 1, S1-1 zeros are inserted between adjacent symbols in the row or delay field. When S1 is 1, zeros may not be inserted, and sparse resource mapping is not applied in the row or delay field.

[0245] For example, when S2 is greater than 1, S2-1 zeros are inserted between adjacent symbols in the column or Doppler field. When S2 is 1, zeros may not be inserted, and sparse resource mapping is not applied in the column or Doppler field.

[0246] Multiple sparse resource mappings can also be obtained for a given S1 and S2, based on whether a zero is inserted at the starting position. The starting index can be defined by A1 and A2 in the row or delay domain, column or Doppler domain, respectively.

[0247] The m2 symbol shown in Equation 4 is sparsely mapped to a resource block size of M×N, and the d1 symbol shown in Equation 5 can be generated based on Equation 11.

[0248] [Formula 11]

[0249]

[0250] Different parameters S1, S2, A1, and A2 can correspond to different mapping methods.

[0251] Action 1-2-2) The parameters associated with the sparse resource mapping in the DD domain for DFT-s-OTFS and OTFS can be explicitly or implicitly notified or defined through signaling at higher or physical layers. For example, they can be notified through broadcast parameters such as RRC signaling, MAC-CE, DCI, UCI, UE group common signaling, SIB, or MIB.

[0252] Option 1) The starting indices A1 and A2 of the symbols for the rows and columns (or the delay and Doppler domains) can be non-negative integers. These starting indices can implicitly indicate the sparse resource mapping pattern.

[0253] For example, if A1 = 0 or A2 = 0, no zero is inserted at the beginning position. If A1 > or A2 > 0, a zero is inserted at the beginning position. For example, non-zero values ​​can be configured starting from A1+1 or A2+1.

[0254] Option 1 allows for flexible specification of the starting indexes for both the delay domain and the Doppler domain.

[0255] Option 2) The starting indices A1 and A2 of the symbols in the rows and columns (or the delay field and the Doppler field) are limited to 0 or S1-1 and S2-1. The sparse resource mapping pattern is explicitly defined.

[0256] Option 2-1) Separate settings in the DD domain. When a zero is inserted at the beginning of a row or column, i.e., when A1 = S1-1 or A2 = S2-1, the sparse resource mapping pattern in the row / column or delay / Doppler domain is defined as 1. Conversely, when A1 = 0 or A2 = 0, the sparse resource mapping pattern is defined as 0.

[0257] Option 2-2) Combined settings in the DD domain. Without inserting zeros at the beginning of rows and columns (i.e., A1 = 0 and A2 = 0), the sparse resource mapping mode is defined as "0". With zeros inserted at the beginning of rows or delay domains, and without inserting zeros at the beginning of columns or Doppler domains (i.e., A1 = S1-1 or A2 = 0), the sparse resource mapping mode is defined as "1". With zeros inserted at the beginning of columns or Doppler domains, and without inserting zeros at the beginning of rows or delay domains (i.e., A1 = 0 or A2 = S2-1), the sparse resource mapping mode is defined as "2". With zeros inserted at the beginning of rows and columns (i.e., A1 = S1-1 or A2 = S2-1), the sparse resource mapping mode is defined as "3".

[0258] Furthermore, when S1=1 or S2=1, sparse resource mapping can be omitted in rows / columns or delay / Doppler domains, which can reduce signaling overhead.

[0259] Option 2, regarding the signaling used to set up sparse resource mapping, enables a simple and low signaling overhead.

[0260] The following is an example of action 1-2-2.

[0261] Figure 30 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of sparse mapping in the DD domain involved in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 30 (A) corresponds to option 1 above, and the values ​​of A1 and A2 are arbitrary. Figure 30 (B) corresponds to option 1 above, S1 = 1, and the values ​​of A1 and A2 are arbitrary. Figure 30 (C) corresponds to option 1 above, S2 = 1, and the values ​​of A1 and A2 are arbitrary.

[0262] Figure 31 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of sparse mapping in the DD domain involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 31 (A) corresponds to option 1 above and is a sparse resource mapping when A1=0 and A2=0. Figure 31 (B) corresponds to option 1 above and is a sparse resource mapping when A1 = S1-1 and A2 = 0. Figure 31 (C) corresponds to option 1 above and is a sparse resource mapping when A1 = S1-1 and A2 = S2-1.

[0263] Figure 32 This is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of sparse mapping in the DD domain involved in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 32(A) is the sparse resource mapping in the case of [0, 0] in option 2-1 above or "0" in option 2-2 above. Furthermore, [a, b] is set, where the row or delay domain corresponds to a and the column or Doppler domain corresponds to b. Figure 32 (B) is the sparse resource mapping in the case of [1, 0] of option 2-1 above or "1" of option 2-2 above. Figure 32 (C) is the sparse resource mapping in the case of [0, 1] of option 2-1 above or "2" of option 2-2 above. Figure 32 (D) is the sparse resource mapping in the case of [1, 1] of option 2-1 above or “3” of option 2-2 above.

[0264] Figure 33 This is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of sparse mapping in the DD domain involved in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 33 (A) and (B) are sparse resource mappings defined with 0 or 1 in either option 2-1 or option 2-2 above, when S1 = 1. 0 can correspond to (A) and 1 can correspond to (B). Figure 33 (C) and (D) are sparse resource mappings defined with 0 or 1 in either option 2-1 or option 2-2 above, when S2 = 1. 0 can correspond to (C), and 1 can correspond to (D).

[0265] The following explains how the signal is transformed into the TF domain by performing ISFFT after the aforementioned sparse resource mapping in the DD domain. The sparse resource mapping in the delay domain becomes a repeat in the frequency domain, and the sparsity S1 becomes the repeat number in the frequency domain. The sparse resource mapping in the Doppler domain becomes a repeat in the time domain, and the sparsity S2 becomes the repeat number in the time domain. That is, the repeat number in the TF domain is S1S2.

[0266] Figure 34 This is a diagram used to illustrate a recurring example (1) in the TF domain involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 34 (A) is an example of S1=1 and S2=2. In the time domain, it becomes the repeating number 2. Figure 34 B is an example where S1 = 2 and S2 = 1. In the frequency domain, it becomes the repetition number 2. Figure 34 (C) is an example of S1=1 and S2=3. In the time domain, it becomes the repeating number 3. Figure 34 (D) is an example where S1 = 3 and S2 = 1. In the frequency domain, this becomes the repetition number 3. Furthermore, "Rep." in the figure refers to a repetition.

[0267] Figure 35 This is a diagram used to illustrate the recurring example (2) in the TF domain involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 35(A) is an example of S1=2 and S2=2. In the time domain and frequency domain, it becomes the repetition number 2, and the total repetition number becomes 4. Figure 35 (B) is an example of S1=2 and S2=3. In the time domain, it becomes the repetition number 3, and in the frequency domain, it becomes the repetition number 2, for a total repetition number of 6. Figure 35 (C) is an example where S1 = 3 and S2 = 3. In the time and frequency domains, it becomes the repetition number 3, and the total repetition number becomes 9. Figure 35 (D) is an example of S1=3 and S2=2. In the time domain, it becomes the repetition number 2, in the frequency domain, it becomes the repetition number 3, and the total repetition number becomes 6.

[0268] Actions 1-3) Shaping and Associated Signaling in the DD Domain

[0269] Integer functions can be defined in the DD domain for both OTFS and DFT-s-OTFS. The parameters involved in the integer function can be specified explicitly or implicitly.

[0270] Action 1-3-1) The shaping function can be defined as a matrix P with the same dimension as the resources in the DD domain. DD Through the two-dimensional matrix P DD In the DD field, the complex digital element d1 shown in equation 12 can be reshaped into d2 shown in equation 13.

[0271] [Formula 12]

[0272] d1(k, l), k = 0, ..., N-1; l = 0, ..., M-1 [Equation 13]

[0273]

[0274] in It is Adama's product

[0275] Option 1) Figure 36 This is a diagram illustrating example (1) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 36 As shown, in the DD domain, the two-dimensional integer matrix P represented by Equation 10... DD It can be any format where the average power of each resource element is 1, for example, as shown in Equation 14. This allows for greater flexibility and better performance.

[0276] [Formula 14]

[0277]

[0278] Option 2) Figure 37 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of power shaping in the DD domain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 37As shown, in the DD domain, the two-dimensional integer matrix P is represented by Equation 15. DD The shaping depth γ and shaping range R can be given by Equation 16. The shaping range R is the set (k, l) of indices that need to be shaped. norm It is a normalization coefficient, normalized so that the average power of each resource element in the DD domain becomes 1. P norm It is associated with the parameter [γ, R]. Therefore, simple and low signaling overhead can be expected in UL transmission.

[0279] [Formula 15]

[0280]

[0281] [Formula 16]

[0282]

[0283] Action 1-3-2) Parameters associated with the shaping function in the DD domain for DFT-s-OTFS and OTFS can be explicitly or implicitly notified or defined through higher-layer or physical-layer signaling. For example, they can be notified through broadcast parameters such as RRC signaling, MAC-CE, DCI, UCI, UE group common signaling, SIB, or MIB. As described in Action 1-3-1 above, the shaping function can be explicitly defined through a matrix or implicitly defined through parameters. This matrix or parameter can be defined explicitly or implicitly.

[0284] Option 1) Implicitly defined. The matrix or parameter involved in the shaping function can be predefined through a set and the notified index. For example, the matrix or parameter of the shaping function used in a single transmission can be derived from a predefined set {P}. DD，0 P DD，1 , ···, P DD，L-1} or {[γ0, R0], [γ1, R1],···,[γ L-1 R L-1 ]}(where L=2 n Notification is made via n bits of signaling. Therefore, low signaling overhead can be expected.

[0285] Option 2) can be explicitly defined. The matrices or parameters involved in the shaping function can be defined by values. For example, the shaping matrix P can be quantized and informed. DDThe value of γ can be further defined. For example, the value of the shaping depth γ can be quantized and notified. The shaping range R can be further defined in both the delay domain and the Doppler domain using one or more SLIVs (Start and length indicators). This allows for flexible configuration.

[0286] Furthermore, the shaping function can be inherent to the cell, the group, or the UE. Additionally, the shaping function can be selected at the base station side and notified to the UE for license-based transmissions. Alternatively, for example, for license-independent transmissions, the UE can select from a predefined set.

[0287] Furthermore, the same or different MCS can be applied to data in the DD domain that has become high power or low power through power shaping. For example, a high MCS can be applied to resources in the high power DD domain.

[0288] Actions 1-4) Applying DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS transport block size with sparse resource mapping

[0289] The transport block size of DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS with sparse resource mapping can be calculated based on the sparsity of the MCS and DD fields of the resources configured in the TF field.

[0290] Option 1) The number of resource elements in PDSCH or PUSCH can be calculated using Equation 17 (refer to Non-Patent Literature 11). S1 and S2 are the sparseness in the DD domain. Furthermore, only repeated payloads are used in the TF domain.

[0291] [Formula 17]

[0292]

[0293] Option 2) The number of resource elements in PDSCH or PUSCH can be calculated using Equation 18 (refer to Non-Patent Literature 11). Repeatedly calculate payload, DMRS, and overhead in the TF domain.

[0294] [Formula 18]

[0295]

[0296] Option 3) Unquantized intermediate variable for PDSCH / PUSCH (N) info It can be calculated using equation 19 (refer to non-patent literature 11).

[0297] [Formula 19]

[0298]

[0299] The following describes the structure of Action 2) and signal multiplexing based on Action 1, including DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS, and DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM. For systems using both DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS and DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM, a combined design can be considered. The resource mappings of DFT-s-OFDM and CP-OFDM can be associated with the sparse resource mapping patterns in DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS.

[0300] In systems using both DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS and DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM, some resources can be set as zero-power resources instead of being used for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM, facilitating interference cancellation on the receiver side. The zero-power resources in the TF domain for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM can be the same as at least one of the iterations of DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS in the TF domain defined in Actions 1-2.

[0301] Figure 38 This is a diagram illustrating example (1) of multiplexing in the TF domain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 38 As shown, when S1=2 and S2=1, the OTFS symbols in the TF domain are configured twice repeatedly in the frequency domain. For this configuration, as follows... Figure 38 As shown, regarding OFDM symbols in the TF domain, the resources corresponding to OTFS repetition 1 can be omitted from OFDM, and the resources corresponding to OTFS repetition 2 can also be omitted from OFDM. Alternatively, resources not used for OFDM can be set as zero-power resources.

[0302] Figure 39 This is a diagram illustrating example (2) of multiplexing in the TF domain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 39 As shown, when S1=2 and S2=3, the OTFS symbol in the TF domain is configured with 3 repetitions in the time domain and 2 repetitions in the frequency domain, for a total of 6 repetitions. For this configuration, as follows... Figure 39 As shown, regarding OFDM symbols in the TF domain, the resources corresponding to OTFS repetition 1 can be omitted from OFDM, and the resources corresponding to OTFS repetition 4 can also be omitted from OFDM. Alternatively, resources not used for OFDM can be set as zero-power resources.

[0303] Figure 40 This is a diagram illustrating example (3) of multiplexing in the TF domain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 40As shown in (A), the OTFS symbols in the TF domain are configured twice repeatedly in the time domain when S1=1 and S2=2. For this configuration, as follows... Figure 40 As shown in (B), regarding OFDM symbols in the TF domain, the resources corresponding to the repeated 1 of OTFS can be excluded from OFDM. Alternatively, resources not used for OFDM can be set as zero-power resources.

[0304] like Figure 40 As shown in (C), the OTFS symbols in the TF domain are configured twice repeatedly in the frequency domain when S1=2 and S2=1. For this configuration, as... Figure 40 As shown in (D), regarding OFDM symbols in the TF domain, the resources corresponding to the repeated 1 of OTFS can be excluded from OFDM. Alternatively, resources not used for OFDM can be set as zero-power resources.

[0305] Figure 41 This is a diagram illustrating example (4) of multiplexing in the TF domain according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 41 As shown in (A), when S1=2 and S2=2, the OTFS symbol in the TF domain is configured with two repetitions in the time domain and two repetitions in the frequency domain, for a total of 4 repetitions. For this configuration, as follows... Figure 41 As shown in (B), regarding OFDM symbols in the TF domain, the resources corresponding to the repeated 1 of OTFS can be excluded from OFDM. Alternatively, resources not used for OFDM can be set as zero-power resources.

[0306] like Figure 41 As shown in (C), when S1=2 and S2=3, the OTFS symbol in the TF domain is configured with 3 repetitions in the time domain and 2 repetitions in the frequency domain, for a total of 6 repetitions. For this configuration, as follows... Figure 41 As shown in (D), regarding OFDM symbols in the TF domain, the resources corresponding to the repeated 1 of OTFS can be excluded from OFDM. Alternatively, resources not used for OFDM can be set as zero-power resources.

[0307] Action 2-1) Definition and associated signaling of zero-power resources in DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM

[0308] Zero-power resources in DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM can be explicitly or implicitly notified or defined through signaling at higher or physical layers. For example, they can be notified through broadcast parameters such as RRC signaling, MAC-CE, DCI, UCI, UE group common signaling, SIB, or MIB.

[0309] Option 1) can be implicitly notified. Zero-power resources in DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM can be implicitly notified through one or more indexes that correspond repeatedly to those in DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS.

[0310] Figure 42 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a notification related to zero power resources as described in embodiments of the present invention. For example, repeated indexing can be as follows: Figure 42 Similar to the OTFS symbols in the TF domain, they are incremented in the order of first frequency domain, then time domain. For example, given the index {1, 4}, the resources corresponding to repetitions 1 and 4 can be calculated based on the values ​​of S1 and S2 in DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS, or the resources corresponding to repetitions 1 and 4 can be reserved as zero power in DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM. Furthermore, Figure 42 This is an example of repeatedly turning 4 into a zero-power resource. Therefore, simple and low signaling overhead can be expected.

[0311] Option 2) can be explicitly notified. Zero-power resources in DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM can be explicitly notified.

[0312] For example, time-frequency resources that become zero-power resources can be notified by the index of the PRB and the index of the OFDM symbol, or by the SLIV of the PRB and the SLIV of the OFDM symbol. Figure 42 This is an example of explicitly notifying that some resources in repetition 2 and repetition 4 are zero-power resources. This allows for greater flexibility and better performance. Furthermore, in DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM, channels with poor characteristics can be selected as zero-power resources.

[0313] Action 2-2) Transmitter structure of DFT-s-OFDM

[0314] Figure 43 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (1) according to an embodiment of the present invention. To achieve the zero-power resource described in action 2-1, DFT-s-OFDM can be used... Figure 43 The block diagram of the transmitter is shown.

[0315] like Figure 43As shown, when the input modulation symbol m, zero insertion is performed, and m1 is output to the subsequent module. Next, S / P is performed, and m2 is output to the subsequent module. Next, the DFT of the size MDFT is performed, and d is output to the subsequent module. Next, data removal is performed, and x1 is output to the subsequent module. Next, physical resource mapping in the TF domain is performed, and x2 is output to the subsequent module. Next, the size M... FFT The IFFT is performed, and x3 is output to the subsequent module. Then, P / S is executed, outputting s1. Next, CP insertion is performed, outputting s.

[0316] Action 2-2-1) The transmitter can be configured to achieve zero power resource structure.

[0317] Option 1) Zero insertion can be performed before S / P and DFT precoding. Data removal can be performed after DFT precoding. Thus, assume that one DFT size is sent for each data transmission.

[0318] like Figure 43 As shown, regarding zero insertion, the position and number of zeros inserted in the modulated symbol can be associated with S1 and S2 of DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS, as given by Equation 20.

[0319] [Formula 20]

[0320]

[0321] n0 is a parameter associated with the location of the zero-power resource. For example... Figure 43 As shown, zeros can be inserted at the data positions of group n0.

[0322] Regarding data removal, the data in the zero-power resource can be set to zero. That is, data removal can be given by Equation 21.

[0323] [Formula 21]

[0324]

[0325] Option 2) Figure 44 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (2) according to the embodiments of the present invention. The DFT size can be changed based on the index of the OFDM symbols. That is, as shown... Figure 44 As shown, multiple DFT sizes can be applied to a single transmission. The DFT size can be determined as (1-1 / S1)M based on S1, S2, and zero-power resources. DFT Based on multiple DFT sizes and zero power resources, the modulated symbols can be divided into multiple groups, each processed by one DFT size. The data from the multiple DFT groups can be separated as shown in Equation 22.

[0326] [Formula 22]

[0327]

[0328] Next, m1 and m2 generated in equation 22 can be mapped to resources as shown in equation 23. This mapping can also be called virtual resource mapping.

[0329] [Formula 23]

[0330]

[0331] Therefore, zero-power resources can be achieved without adding modules.

[0332] Option 3) Figure 45 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (3) according to the embodiments of the present invention. For example... Figure 45 As shown, the minimum DFT size can be selected from option 2. Symbols are used instead of bandwidth levels for DFT precoding at the subband level. The DFT size is determined by DFT-s-OTFS or S1 of OTFS, becoming M. DFT / S1. The symbols after the DFT are mapped to the resources as shown in Equation 24.

[0333] [Formula 24]

[0334]

[0335] Therefore, zero-power resources can be achieved without adding modules.

[0336] Action 2-2-2) can add shaping functionality before the DFT module in DFT-s-OFDM. The region of symbols preceding the DFT in DFT-s-OFDM approximates the delay domain. This is because after the DFT, the symbols are processed in the frequency domain. The shaping functionality in the DD domain defined in Action 1-3 for DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS is simplified to a shaping functionality in the delay domain for DFT-s-OFDM.

[0337] The shaping function is the size of the DFT, which can be defined as a matrix P with the same dimensions as the DFT. DD According to the two-dimensional integer matrix P DD Before DFT precoding, the complex digital elements m1(k,l) and / or m2(k,l) in the delay domain can be shaped into P. DD (k,l)·x(k,l) or the Hadamard product of PDD and x.

[0338] Option 1 and option 2 of action 1-3-1 can be applied to action 2-2-2.

[0339] Parameters associated with shaping functions in the delay domain for DFT-s-OFDM can be explicitly or implicitly notified or defined via higher-layer or physical-layer signaling. For example, they can be notified via broadcast parameters such as RRC signaling, MAC-CE, DCI, UCI, UE group common signaling, SIB, or MIB.

[0340] Option 1 and option 2 of action 1-3-2 can be applied to action 2-2-2.

[0341] Figure 46 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (4) according to the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 46 This is an example of applying action 2-2-2 to option 1 of action 2-2-1. For example... Figure 46 As shown, it can be done in M DFT The DFT of the size is performed before the integer in the delay domain.

[0342] Figure 47 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (5) according to the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 47 This is an example of applying action 2-2-2 to option 2 of action 2-2-1. For example... Figure 47 As shown, it can be done in M DFT Size of DFT before and (1-1 / S1)M DFT Before performing the DFT of the size, perform the integer shaping in the delay domain.

[0343] Figure 48 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (6) according to the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 48 This is an example of applying action 2-2-2 to option 3 of action 2-2-1. For example... Figure 48 As shown, it can be done in M DFT The DFT of size / S1 is performed before the deferred domain shaping.

[0344] Action 2-3) Transmitter structure of CP-OFDM

[0345] Figure 49 This is a diagram illustrating the OFDM transmission method (7) according to an embodiment of the present invention. To achieve zero-power resources in action 2-1, such as... Figure 49 As shown, physical resource mapping in CP-OFDM can be associated with all resources as well as zero-power resources. For example, as Figure 49 As shown, zero-power resources can be configured through physical resource mapping.

[0346] Here, in NR, two resource mapping formats are supported for CP-OFDM. In the continuous resource configuration format, symbols are mapped to resources along subcarriers in the frequency domain, and then along OFDM symbols in the time domain.

[0347] Option 1) can be directed to the existing resource mapping in NR for zero-power resource reuse, in order to avoid resources and other overheads directed to the reference signal.

[0348] Option 2) allows modification of the Service / Package (S / P) and physical resource mapping. The S / P can be executed via formula 25.

[0349] [Formula 25]

[0350]

[0351] Physical resource mapping can be performed using equation 26.

[0352] [Formula 26]

[0353]

[0354] Actions 2-4) Transport block size of DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM using zero-power resources

[0355] The transport block size of DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM with sparse resource mapping can be calculated based on the MCS of the resources configured in the TF domain and the zero-power resources.

[0356] Option 1) The number of resource elements in PDSCH or PUSCH can be calculated using formula 27 (refer to non-patent literature 11). N zero-power RE It refers to the number of resource elements that are zero-power resources. For example, N zero-power RE It can be calculated using the formula 28.

[0357] [Formula 27]

[0358]

[0359] [Formula 28]

[0360]

[0361] Option 2) N oh PRB The definition can be updated by considering zero-power resources. (Refer to non-patent literature 11).

[0362] Option 3) Unquantized intermediate variable for PDSCH / PUSCH (N) info It can be calculated using equation 29 (refer to non-patent literature 11).

[0363] [Formula 29]

[0364] N info =N RE ·R·Q m ·v·(1-ρ)

[0365] The following describes the unified transmitter structure for action 3) OTFS and OFDM. A typical transmitter for systems using DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS, and DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM, can also have the structure described below. Waveform settings can be explicitly or implicitly notified or defined via higher-layer or physical-layer signaling. For example, this can be notified via broadcast parameters such as RRC signaling, MAC-CE, DCI, UCI, UE group common signaling, SIB, or MIB.

[0366] Action 3-1) Transmitter Block Diagram

[0367] Figure 50 This is a diagram illustrating a structural example (1) of the transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. A hybrid OTFS and OFDM system can be as follows... Figure 50 As shown, the process involves pre-processing, followed by transform precoding, virtual resource mapping, DD field shaping, ISFFT, data removal, physical resource mapping, IFFT, and CP insertion.

[0368] In addition, Figure 50 In addition, as shown in Option 1 below, the processing involved in the waveforms of NR CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM can also be included. Furthermore, transform precoding can also be set as an option for DFT-s-OFDM or DFT-s-OTFS. Furthermore, DD domain shaping can also be set as an option for DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS. Furthermore, ISFFT can also be set as an option for DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS. Furthermore, preprocessing and data removal can also be set as options for DFT-s-OFDM.

[0369] Figure 51 This is a diagram showing a structural example (2) of the transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 51 An example of an OFDM family of transmitters is shown.

[0370] Option 1) Transmitter for NR DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM. For example... Figure 51 As shown in (A), transform precoding is performed, followed by physical resource mapping, then IFFT, and finally CP insertion. Transform precoding can be optional in DFT-s-OFDM.

[0371] Option 2) DFT-s-OFDM transmitter. For example... Figure 51 As shown in (B), zero insertion and / or shaping are performed, followed by transform precoding, followed by data removal, followed by physical resource mapping, followed by IFFT, and then CP insertion.

[0372] Option 3) CP-OFDM transmitter. For example... Figure 51 As shown in (C), virtual resource mapping is performed, followed by physical resource mapping, then IFFT, and then CP insertion.

[0373] Figure 52 This is a diagram showing a structural example (3) of the transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 52 An example of a transmitter from the OTFS family is shown.

[0374] Option 4) A DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS transmitter. For example... Figure 52 As shown in (A), transform precoding is performed, followed by ISFFT, then physical resource mapping, then IFFT, and finally CP insertion. Transform precoding can be optional in DFT-s-OTFS.

[0375] Option 5) A DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS transmitter. For example... Figure 52 As shown in (B), transform precoding is performed, followed by virtual resource mapping, then DD field shaping, then ISFFT, then physical resource mapping, then IFFT, and finally CP insertion. Transform precoding can be optional in DFT-s-OTFS. Virtual resource mapping and DD field shaping can be performed separately or in combination.

[0376] Furthermore, as in action 2-2 above, the preprocessing module (e.g., DFT) prior to transform precoding can also be included in zero-insertion and / or delay domain shaping for DFT-s-OFDM.

[0377] Action 3-2) Waveform setting method

[0378] The waveforms in each of the above actions can be explicitly or implicitly notified or defined through signaling at the higher or physical layers. For example, they can be notified through broadcast parameters such as RRC signaling, MAC-CE, DCI, UCI, UE group common signaling, SIB, or MIB.

[0379] Option 1) can be selected from options 1-5 shown in action 3-1 and the waveform can be notified.

[0380] Option 2) You can choose to add a module to the default module to define and notify the waveform. The module used for NR CP-OFDM can be the default module.

[0381] Action 4) UE capabilities

[0382] It is possible to define whether the UE capability supports the proposed DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS, DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM.

[0383] Action 4-1) can define UE capabilities indicating whether DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS transmission is supported. Furthermore, it can define UE capabilities explicitly or implicitly indicating whether sparse resource mapping in the DD domain is supported.

[0384] Action 4-2) can define UE capabilities indicating whether DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM transmissions of the above proposals are supported. Furthermore, it can define UE capabilities explicitly or implicitly indicating whether resource configuration for OFDM-based waveforms coexisting with OTFS-based waveforms transmitted by other UEs can be supported.

[0385] Action 4-3) can report the UE capabilities of Actions 4-1 and 4-2 to the base station via UE capability signaling. For example, UE capabilities can be notified via RRC signaling, MAC-CE, or UCI.

[0386] Figure 53 This is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of multiple access according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 53 As shown, the waveforms of NR DFT-s-OFDM of UE 1 and NR DFT-s-OFDM of UE 2 can be multiplexed and transmitted via OMA.

[0387] Figure 54 This is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of multiple access according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 54 As shown, as a hybrid of OTFS and OFDM, the waveform of UE 1’s unshaped DFT-s-OTFS and the waveform of UE 2’s proposed new DFT-s-OFDM can be multiplexed and transmitted via NOMA.

[0388] Figure 55 This is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of multiple access according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 55 As shown, as a cell / UE-specific shaping method for OTFS, the waveforms of DFT-s-OTFS shaping 1 of UE 1 and DFT-s-OTFS shaping 1 or 2 of UE 2 can be multiplexed and transmitted via NOMA.

[0389] Figure 56 This is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of multiple access according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 56 As shown, as a hybrid of OTFS and OFDM and a cell-inherent shaping method for OTFS, the waveforms of DFT-s-OTFS shaping 1 of UE1, DFT-s-OTFS shaping 1 or 2 of UE2, and the proposed new DFT-s-OFDM waveform of UE3 can be multiplexed and transmitted via NOMA.

[0390] Through the above embodiments, terminal 20 can efficiently communicate by multiplexing DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS with DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM while reducing interference.

[0391] That is, in a wireless communication system, signals with different waveforms can be reused.

[0392] (Device Structure)

[0393] Next, an example of the functional structure of the base station 10 and terminal 20 performing the processes and operations described above will be explained. The base station 10 and terminal 20 include the functions implemented in the above embodiments. However, the base station 10 and terminal 20 may each possess only a portion of the functions described in the embodiments.

[0394] <Base Station 10>

[0395] Figure 57 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of base station 10 in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 57 As shown, the base station 10 includes a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. Figure 57 The functional structure shown is only one example. As long as the actions involved in the embodiments of the present invention can be performed, the functional distinctions and names of the functional parts can be arbitrary.

[0396] The transmitting unit 110 includes the function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 and wirelessly transmitting the signal. Additionally, the transmitting unit 110 transmits inter-network node messages to other network nodes. The receiving unit 120 includes the function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 and obtaining, for example, higher-level information from the received signals. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 110 has the function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, etc., to the terminal 20. Additionally, the receiving unit 120 receives inter-network node messages from other network nodes.

[0397] The setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information sent to the terminal 20. The content of the setting information includes, for example, information related to channel bandwidth, waveform, and / or subcarrier spacing.

[0398] The control unit 140 performs control to implement the functions described in the embodiment. Additionally, as described in the embodiment, the control unit 140 performs control related to channel bandwidth, waveform, and / or subcarrier spacing. Alternatively, the signal transmission-related functions of the control unit 140 may be included in the transmission unit 110, and the signal reception-related functions of the control unit 140 may be included in the reception unit 120.

[0399] Terminal 20

[0400] Figure 58 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the functional structure of terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 58 As shown, the terminal 20 includes a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. Figure 58 The functional structure shown is only one example. As long as the actions involved in the embodiments of the present invention can be performed, the functional distinctions and names of the functional parts can be arbitrary.

[0401] The transmitting unit 210 generates a transmission signal based on the transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiving unit 220 wirelessly receives various signals and obtains higher-layer signals from the received physical layer signals. Furthermore, the receiving unit 220 has the function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals, etc., transmitted from the base station 10. Additionally, for example, as D2D communication, the transmitting unit 210 transmits PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), PSDCH (Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel), PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), etc., to other terminals 20, and the receiving unit 220 receives PSCCH, PSSCH, PSDCH, or PSBCH from other terminals 20.

[0402] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the base station 10 by the receiving unit 220. In addition, the setting unit 230 also stores preset setting information. The content of the setting information includes, for example, information related to channel bandwidth, waveform, and / or subcarrier spacing.

[0403] The control unit 240 performs control to implement the functions described in the embodiment. Additionally, as described in the embodiment, the control unit 240 performs control related to channel bandwidth, waveform, and / or subcarrier spacing. Alternatively, the signal transmission-related functions of the control unit 240 may be included in the transmission unit 210, and the signal reception-related functions of the control unit 240 may be included in the reception unit 220.

[0404] (Hardware Structure)

[0405] The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiments ( Figure 57 and Figure 58 The diagram illustrates blocks organized by function. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method of each functional block. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. Functional blocks can also be implemented by combining software within one or more of the aforementioned devices.

[0406] The functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, the functional block (structural part) that performs the sending function is called the transmitting unit or transmitter. In short, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the implementation method.

[0407] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station 10, terminal 20, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 59 This diagram illustrates an example of the hardware structure of a base station 10 and a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 can be configured as a computer device that physically includes a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, and a bus 1007, etc.

[0408] Furthermore, in the following description, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware structure of base station 10 and terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figures, or it can be configured to not include any of them.

[0409] The functions in base station 10 and terminal 20 are implemented by reading predetermined software (programs) into hardware such as processor 1001 and storage device 1002, so that processor 1001 performs calculations and controls the communication of communication device 1004 or controls at least one of reading and writing data in storage device 1002 and auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0410] The processor 1001 controls the computer as a whole by instructing the operating system to operate. The processor 1001 may also be a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control units, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, the control unit 140 and control unit 240 described above can also be implemented using the processor 1001.

[0411] Additionally, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, or data from at least one of the auxiliary storage devices 1003 and communication devices 1004, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program is used that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the operations described in the above embodiments. For example, Figure 57 The control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown can also be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated in the processor 1001. Alternatively, for example, Figure 58 The control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown can also be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated in the processor 1001. Although it has been described that the various processes described above are executed by one processor 1001, the various processes described above can also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 can also be implemented by one or more chips. In addition, the program can also be sent from the network via a telecommunications line.

[0412] Storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc. Storage device 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. Storage device 1002 can store programs (program code), software modules, etc., that are executable for implementing the communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0413] The auxiliary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, such as at least one of the following: CD-ROM (CompactDisc ROM) or other optical discs, hard disks, floppy disks, magneto-optical discs (e.g., compact discs, digital multifunction discs, Blu-ray discs, smart cards, flash memory (e.g., cards, sticks, key drives), floppy disks, magnetic stripes, etc. The aforementioned storage medium may, for example, be a database, server, or other suitable media that includes at least one of the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0414] Communication device 1004 is hardware (transceiver) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. Communication device 1004 may, for example, be configured to include high-frequency switches, duplexers, filters, frequency synthesizers, etc., to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, transceiver antennas, amplifier sections, transceiver units, transmission path interfaces, etc., can also be implemented through communication device 1004. The transceiver unit may also be physically or logically separated into a transmitting unit and a receiving unit.

[0415] Input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, LED, etc.). Furthermore, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be integrated (e.g., a touch panel).

[0416] Furthermore, the processor 1001 and storage device 1002, among other devices, are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses used between devices.

[0417] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 can be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), or a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0418] Figure 60 An example of the structure of vehicle 2001 is shown. For example... Figure 60As shown, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a gearshift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021-2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to communication devices mounted on the vehicle 2001, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[0419] The drive unit 2002 may be composed, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid power system of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also referred to as a steering wheel) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0420] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (I / O port) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 of the vehicle 2001 are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 can also be referred to as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0421] The signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, speed signals of the front or rear wheels obtained by speed sensor 2022, air pressure signals of the front or rear wheels obtained by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depress signal obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depress signal obtained by brake pedal sensor 2026, gear lever operation signals obtained by gear lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0422] The Information Service Unit 2012 comprises various devices such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Service Unit 2012 uses information obtained from external devices via a communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The Information Service Unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) and output devices that perform output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, LED lights, touch panel, etc.).

[0423] The Driver Assistance System 2030 comprises various devices used to prevent accidents or reduce driver workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning devices (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-resolution (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyroscope systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the Driver Assistance System 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to achieve driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0424] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and the components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 can send and receive data with the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, front wheel 2007, rear wheel 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 in the electronic control unit 2010, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and sensors 2021 to 2029 in the vehicle 2001 via the communication port 2033.

[0425] The communication module 2013, controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010, is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 can be located inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. External devices can be, for example, base stations, mobile stations, etc.

[0426] The communication module 2013 can wirelessly transmit to an external device at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 2010 from the various sensors 2021-2028, information obtained based on those signals, and information obtained via the information service unit 2012 based on input from an external source (user). The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, and the information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as input units that receive input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 can contain information based on the aforementioned input.

[0427] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided by the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 can also be referred to as an output unit for outputting information (for example, outputting information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH). In addition, the communication module 2013 stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 available to the microprocessor 2031. The microprocessor 2031 can also control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gear shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc. provided by the vehicle 2001 based on the information stored in the memory 2032.

[0428] (Summary of Implementation Methods)

[0429] As described above, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a transmitter is provided, comprising: a control unit that configures zero-power resources in a first signal in the time-frequency domain; and a transmission unit that performs non-orthogonal multiplexing of the first signal and a second signal and transmits them, wherein the transmission unit transmits at least all of a certain repeated transmission among a plurality of repeated transmissions included in the second signal by means of the resources configured with the zero-power resources.

[0430] With the above structure, the transmitter can multiplex DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS with DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM while reducing interference, enabling efficient communication. That is, in a wireless communication system, signals using different waveforms can be multiplexed.

[0431] Alternatively, the first signal can be a signal using DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), and the second signal can be a signal using DFT-s-OTFS (Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Time-Frequency Division Multiplexing) or OTFS (Orthogonal Time-Frequency Division Multiplexing). With this structure, the transmitter can multiplex DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS with DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM while reducing interference, enabling efficient communication.

[0432] Alternatively, the control unit can allocate the zero-power resource to the first signal through DFT processing (i.e., zero-insertion before Discrete Fourier Transform processing) and data removal after DFT processing. With this structure, the transmitter can efficiently communicate by multiplexing DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS with DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM while reducing interference.

[0433] Alternatively, the control unit can configure the zero-power resource to the first signal through virtual resource mapping. With this structure, the transmitter can efficiently communicate by multiplexing DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS with DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM while reducing interference.

[0434] Alternatively, the control unit may perform multiple DFT processes of different magnitudes on the first signal. With this structure, the transmitter can efficiently communicate by multiplexing DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS with DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM while reducing interference.

[0435] Furthermore, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a transmission method is provided, wherein a transmitter performs the following steps: configuring zero-power resources in a first signal in the time-frequency domain; non-orthogonally multiplexing the first signal and a second signal and transmitting them; and transmitting at least all of a certain repeated transmission among a plurality of repeated transmissions contained in the second signal using the resources configured with the zero-power resources.

[0436] With the above structure, the transmitter can multiplex DFT-s-OTFS or OTFS with DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM while reducing interference, enabling efficient communication. That is, in a wireless communication system, signals using different waveforms can be multiplexed.

[0437] (Supplement to the implementation method)

[0438] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the disclosed invention is not limited to these embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand various modifications, alterations, substitutions, and replacements. Specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, but unless otherwise specified, these values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​can be used. The distinctions between items in the above description are not essential to the present invention; items described in two or more items can be combined as needed, and items described in one item can be applied to items described in another item (as long as there is no contradiction). The boundaries of functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of physical components. Multiple functional units can be operated by a single physical component, or a single functional unit can be operated by multiple physical components. Regarding the processing described in the embodiments, the order of processing can be interchanged unless there is a contradiction. For ease of explanation, a functional block diagram is used to illustrate the base station 10 and terminal 20, but such a device can also be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operating according to the embodiments of the present invention via the processor of the base station 10 and the software operating according to the embodiments of the present invention via the processor of the terminal 20 may be stored respectively in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server and other suitable storage media.

[0439] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the forms / implementations described in this disclosure, and other methods may also be used. For example, information notification may be implemented through physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Medium Access Control) signaling), broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block), SIB (System Information Block)), other signals, or combinations thereof. Additionally, RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, for example, an RRC connection setup message, an RRC connection reconfiguration message, etc.

[0440] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to systems utilizing LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE The system may include at least one of 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), other suitable systems, and next-generation systems based on these systems that have been extended, modified, created, or specified. Additionally, multiple systems may be combined (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0441] The processing procedures, timing, and flow of the various forms / implementations described in this specification may be rearranged in order, provided there is no contradiction. For example, the elements of various steps are indicated using an illustrative order for the methods described in this disclosure, but are not limited to the specific order indicated.

[0442] In this specification, certain actions performed by base station 10 may sometimes also be performed by its upper node, depending on the circumstances. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having base station 10, it is obvious that various actions performed to communicate with terminal 20 can be performed by at least one of base station 10 and other network nodes besides base station 10 (e.g., considering MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). The above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides base station 10, but other network nodes can also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (e.g., MME and S-GW).

[0443] The information or signals described in this disclosure can be output from a higher (or lower) layer to a lower (or higher) layer. Input and output can also be performed via multiple network nodes.

[0444] Input or output information can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input or output information can be overwritten, updated, or recorded. Output information can also be deleted. Input information can also be sent to other devices.

[0445] The determination in this disclosure can be made by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value (Boolean: true or false), or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0446] Software, whether called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or by other names, should be broadly interpreted as referring to commands, command sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc.

[0447] In addition, software, commands, information, etc., can be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.) to send software from a webpage, server, or other remote source, at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0448] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, the data, commands, instructions, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., that may be involved in the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination of these.

[0449] Furthermore, the terms used in this disclosure and those necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms that have the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may also be a signal (signaling). Additionally, a signal may also be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0450] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are used interchangeably.

[0451] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented using absolute values, relative values ​​to predetermined values, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can be indicated using indexes.

[0452] The names used for the above parameters are non-limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas, etc., using these parameters sometimes differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by all appropriate names, therefore the various names assigned to these channels and information elements are non-limiting in any respect.

[0453] In this disclosure, the terms "base station (BS)," "wireless base station," "base station device," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" are used interchangeably. Sometimes, terms such as macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are also used to refer to base stations.

[0454] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, its coverage area can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and base station subsystem providing communication services within that coverage area.

[0455] In this disclosure, the base station sending information to the terminal can also be replaced by the base station instructing the terminal on information-based control actions.

[0456] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" can be used interchangeably.

[0457] For mobile stations, those skilled in the art sometimes also use the following terms: subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handheld device, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate terms.

[0458] At least one of the base station and mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, receiving device, communication device, etc. Furthermore, at least one of the base station and mobile station can also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to a movable object with an arbitrary speed of movement. It also includes situations where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of mobile bodies include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, rear cars, rickshaws, ships, aircraft, rockets, artificial satellites, Drone (registered trademark), multi-rotor helicopters, quadcopter helicopters, balloons, and objects mounted on them. Additionally, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operating commands. It can be a means of transportation (e.g., car, airplane, etc.), a mobile body that moves unmanned (e.g., drone, autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Furthermore, at least one of the base station and mobile station also includes devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0459] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be replaced by a user terminal. For example, the communication between the base station and the user terminal can be replaced by communication between multiple terminals 20 (e.g., D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.), and various forms / implementations of this disclosure can also be applied. In this case, the terminal 20 can also be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be replaced with side channel.

[0460] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can be replaced by a base station. In this case, the base station can also be configured to have the functions of the aforementioned user terminal.

[0461] The terms "determining" and "determining" as used in this disclosure sometimes encompass a variety of actions. For example, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining, which are considered to have been "judged" or "determined." Furthermore, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in storage), which are considered to have been "judged" or "determined." Additionally, "determining" or "determining" may include actions such as resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and comparing, which are considered to have been "judged" or "determined." That is, "judgment" and "decision" can include matters that are considered as having been "judged" or "decided". In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also be replaced by "assuming", "expecting", "considering", etc.

[0462] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variations thereof are intended to indicate any direct or indirect connection or combination between two or more elements, including cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between the two elements that are “connected” or “coupled.” The combination or connection between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination of these. For example, “access” can be used instead of “connected.” In the context of this disclosure, it can be understood that two elements are “connected” or “coupled” to each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, as some non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, using electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, and light (including both visible and invisible regions) to “connect” or “couple” to each other.

[0463] The reference signal can be simply called RS (Reference Signal), or, depending on the standard applied, it can be called a pilot.

[0464] As used in this disclosure, the word "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise expressly stated. In other words, the word "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0465] Any reference to elements using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not necessarily limit the number or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements can be taken, or that the first element must precede the second element in any form.

[0466] Alternatively, the "unit" in the structure of the above devices can be replaced with "section", "circuit", "equipment", etc.

[0467] When the terms "include," "including," and their variations are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," imply inclusion. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not refer to XOR.

[0468] A radio frame can consist of one or more frames in the time domain. Each frame in the time domain can be called a subframe. A subframe can also consist of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can be a fixed duration (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0469] A parameter set can be communication parameters applied to at least one side of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, a parameter set can represent at least one of the following: Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0470] In the time domain, a time slot can be composed of one or more symbols (OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbols, etc.). A time slot can be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0471] A time slot can contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Additionally, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in time units larger than mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type (type) A. PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type (type) B.

[0472] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can each be referred to by other corresponding names.

[0473] For example, a subframe can be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a time slot or a mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is to say, at least one of a subframe and a TTI can be a subframe (1ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., symbols 1-13), or a period longer than 1ms. Furthermore, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but rather a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0474] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules the allocation of radio resources (bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each terminal 20) in units of TTI. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0475] The Time Interval (TTI) can be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., or it can be a processing unit such as scheduling or link adaptation. Furthermore, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) that the transmission block, code block, codeword, etc., are mapped to can be shorter than the TTI.

[0476] Furthermore, when one time slot or one mini time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini time slot) can become the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of time slots (mini time slots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling can be controlled.

[0477] A TTI with a duration of 1ms can also be called a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel.8-12), a long TTI, a normal subframe, a long subframe, or a time slot. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini time slot, a sub-time slot, or a time slot.

[0478] Furthermore, for long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.), they can be replaced with TTIs with a duration of more than 1ms. For short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.), they can be replaced with TTIs with a duration of more than 1ms that is shorter than that of long TTIs.

[0479] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers contained in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0480] In addition, the time domain of an RB can contain one or more symbols, which can be a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or a TTI in length. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0481] In addition, one or more RBs can also be called Physical Resource Block (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB pair, etc.

[0482] In addition, a resource block can consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE can be a radio resource area consisting of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0483] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also known as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a certain carrier. Here, common RBs can be determined by indexing RBs based on a common reference point of that carrier. PRBs can be defined and numbered within a BWP.

[0484] A BWP can include a UL BWP and a DL BWP. One or more BWPs can be set for a UE within a single carrier.

[0485] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and the UE may not intend to transmit or receive predetermined signals / channels outside of the active BWP. Furthermore, the terms "cell," "carrier," etc., used in this disclosure can be replaced with "BWP."

[0486] The structures of radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols described above are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, and other structures can be varied in many ways.

[0487] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as in English (e.g., a, an, and the), this disclosure may include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0488] In this disclosure, the phrase "A and B are different" can mean "A and B are not the same." Furthermore, this phrase can also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0489] The various forms / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually or in combination, and can be switched depending on the execution. Furthermore, the notification of predetermined information (e.g., a "It is X" notification) is not limited to being explicit, but can also be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0490] The present disclosure has been described in detail above, but it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented as modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0491] Label Explanation

[0492] 10: Base station

[0493] 110: Sending Department

[0494] 120: Receiving Department

[0495] 130: Setting Department

[0496] 140: Control Department

[0497] 20: Terminal

[0498] 210: Sending Department

[0499] 220: Receiving Department

[0500] 230: Setting Department

[0501] 240: Control Department

[0502] 30: Power transmission equipment

[0503] 40: Core Network

[0504] 1001: Processor

[0505] 1002: Storage device

[0506] 1003: Auxiliary storage device

[0507] 1004: Communication device

[0508] 1005: Input device

[0509] 1006: Output device

[0510] 2001: Vehicles

[0511] 2002: Drive Unit

[0512] 2003: Steering Unit

[0513] 2004: Accelerator Pedal

[0514] 2005: Brake Pedal

[0515] 2006: Gear Shift

[0516] 2007: Front Wheel

[0517] 2008: Rear Wheel

[0518] 2009: Axle

[0519] 2010: Electronic Control Department

[0520] 2012: Information Services Department

[0521] 2013: Communication Module

[0522] 2021: Current Sensor

[0523] 2022: Speed ​​Sensor

[0524] 2023: Barometric Pressure Sensor

[0525] 2024: Vehicle Speed ​​Sensor

[0526] 2025: Accelerometer

[0527] 2026: Brake Pedal Sensor

[0528] 2027: Gearshift Sensor

[0529] 2028: Object Detection Sensor

[0530] 2029: Accelerator Pedal Sensor

[0531] 2030: Driver Assistance Systems Department

[0532] 2031: Microprocessors

[0533] 2032: Memory (ROM, RAM)

[0534] 2033: Communication Port (IO Port)

Claims

1. A transmitter, comprising: The control unit allocates zero-power resources to the first signal in the time-frequency domain; and The transmitting unit performs non-orthogonal multiplexing of the first signal and the second signal and transmits them. The transmitting unit, by configuring the zero-power resource, transmits at least all of one of the multiple repeated transmissions included in the second signal.

2. The transmitter according to claim 1, wherein, The first signal is a signal that applies DFT-s-OFDM, i.e., Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, and the second signal is a signal that applies DFT-s-OTFS, i.e., Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Time-Frequency Control, or OTFS, i.e., Orthogonal Time-Frequency Space.

3. The transmitter according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit allocates the zero power resource to the first signal through DFT processing (i.e., zero insertion before Discrete Fourier Transform processing) and data removal after DFT processing.

4. The transmitter according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit configures the zero-power resource to the first signal through virtual resource mapping.

5. The transmitter according to claim 1, wherein, The control unit performs multiple DFT processes of different magnitudes on the first signal.

6. A method for sending, wherein, The transmitter performs the following steps: In the time-frequency domain, zero-power resources are allocated to the first signal; The first and second signals are non-orthogonally multiplexed and transmitted; and By configuring the zero-power resource, at least all of one of the multiple repeated transmissions included in the second signal are transmitted.

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