A slow-release type of total-degradable mulching film of waste potato-derived fulvic acid and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application provides a kind of waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release type full-degradable mulch and its preparation method and application, belongs to the technical field of agricultural environment. Waste potato is made into solution, then is compounded with potassium sulfate, tartaric acid and fulvic acid according to certain proportion to form a mixed solution, and the waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release type full-degradable mulch is prepared by uniform paving and microwave irradiation. The application realizes the resource utilization of waste potato. At the same time, the prepared mulch has good mechanical properties, which meets the needs of practical application. The prepared mulch not only has good heat preservation and soil conservation effect, but also releases fulvic acid, plays the role of film-fertilizer dual function. In addition, the soil composition is improved after the mulch degrades.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release full-degradable mulch film and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural environment. BACKGROUND

[0002] The used mulch film is fragile and difficult to recycle (less than 66.67%), which easily causes white pollution. Therefore, it is urgent to develop degradable mulch film to replace traditional polyethylene mulch film.

[0003] Meanwhile, potato is an important global crop and one of the most important staple crops in the world. It is estimated that about 450,000 tons of potatoes are discarded every year, most of which occur at the household level, which not only causes resource waste but also causes serious environmental pollution, and it is urgent to develop a new method for resource utilization. Since potatoes contain rich starch (about 12%-25%), carbohydrates (about 17%), proteins (about 2.5%) and lipids (about 0.2%), and are rich in potassium and iron nutrients, if the potatoes are made into the fulvic acid slow-release full-degradable mulch film, the nutritional value of the potatoes can be utilized and the pollution problem of the traditional polyethylene mulch film can be solved at the same time. SUMMARY

[0004] The application aims to solve the problem that the mulch film is fragile and difficult to recycle in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the purpose of solving the above problems, the application provides a waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release full-degradable mulch film and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0006] In a first aspect, the application provides a waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release full-degradable mulch film preparation method, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1): cutting and crushing the waste potato to obtain liquid waste potato;

[0008] Step 2): stirring and adding deionized water to the liquid waste potato obtained in step 1) to obtain a waste potato solution;

[0009] Step 3): stirring and adding potassium sulfate, tartaric acid and fulvic acid to the waste potato solution obtained in step 2) to obtain a mixed solution;

[0010] Step 4): uniformly laying the mixed solution obtained in step 3) on a ceramic plate, and directly forming a waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release full-degradable mulch film after microwave irradiation.

[0011] Preferably, the liquid waste potato mass in step 2) is 100-200g; the deionized water volume is 50-100mL; the stirring temperature is 20-30℃; the stirring speed is 100-200rpm; and the stirring time is 5-10 minutes.

[0012] Preferably, the potassium sulfate in step 3) is 2-4g; the tartaric acid is 2-4g; the fulvic acid is 5-10g; the stirring temperature is 30-40℃; the stirring speed is 100-200rpm; and the stirring time is 10-20 minutes.

[0013] Preferably, the spreading speed in step 4) is 0.2-0.4L / min; the ceramic plate area is 1-2m 2 ; the microwave irradiation setting parameter is 160W, 2450MHz; the microwave irradiation time is 10-15 minutes; the mulch area is 1-2m 2 ; and the mulch thickness is 0.2-0.4mm.

[0014] In a second aspect of the present application, a waste potato-derived fulvic acid slow-release full-degradable mulch prepared by the above preparation method is provided.

[0015] In a third aspect of the present application, the above waste potato-derived fulvic acid slow-release full-degradable mulch is provided for use in planting.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present application realizes the resource utilization of waste potatoes; at the same time, the prepared mulch has good mechanical properties, meeting the needs of practical applications. The prepared mulch not only has good heat and moisture preservation effects, but also releases fulvic acid, playing the role of film-fertilizer dual function. In addition, the mulch improves the soil composition after degradation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A waste potato-derived fulvic acid slow-release mulch provided by the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 A mechanical property comparison chart of the mulch prepared in Example 2 of the present application and a traditional plastic mulch;

[0020] Figure 3 A comparison chart of the mulch prepared in Example 2 of the present application, blank (without mulch) and traditional plastic mulch attached to a field for 0 days and 30 days;

[0021] Figure 4 A heat preservation effect comparison chart of the mulch prepared in Example 2 of the present application;

[0022] Figure 5This is a comparison chart of plant germination rate and yield data for the mulch film prepared in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 A comparison chart of plant height and root length data of the mulch film prepared in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 Comparison of plant height and root length of the mulch film prepared in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 The curve of slow-release humic acid from the mulch film prepared in Example 2 of this invention is shown.

[0026] Figure 9 Three-dimensional fluorescence images of the mulch film prepared in Example 2 of this invention at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 70 days. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0028] This invention provides a slow-release, fully degradable mulch film derived from waste potatoes, its preparation method, and its application. Waste potatoes are prepared into a solution, which is then mixed with potassium sulfate, tartaric acid, and fulvic acid in a specific ratio to form a mixed solution. This solution is then uniformly spread and microwave-irradiated to obtain the slow-release, fully degradable mulch film derived from waste potatoes. This invention achieves the resource utilization of waste potatoes; simultaneously, the prepared mulch film not only has good heat preservation and moisture retention effects but also slowly releases fulvic acid, playing a dual role as both a film and fertilizer. Furthermore, the degradation of the mulch film improves soil composition.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] (1) Cut the waste potatoes into pieces and crush them into liquid waste potatoes;

[0031] (2) Take 100g of liquid waste potato, stir and add 50mL of deionized water, stir at 20-30℃ (100rpm) for 5 minutes to obtain waste potato solution;

[0032] (3) Add 2g potassium sulfate, 2g tartaric acid and 5g fulvic acid to the waste potato solution obtained in (2) and stir at 30-40℃ (100rpm) for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed solution;

[0033] (4) Spread the mixed solution obtained in (3) evenly on a 1m... 2 The ceramic plate was irradiated with microwaves (160W, 2450MHz) for 10 minutes, and then a film (1m) was directly formed. 2 (thickness 0.2mm)

[0034] (5) The film was laid flat on the soil surface planted with Shanghai bok choy and covered with soil around it. The results of the harvest on the 30th day showed that compared with the uncovered group, the treatment increased the emergence rate of Shanghai bok choy by 42.8%, biomass by 215%, and plant height by 69.4%. It also increased the available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in the soil by 23.4%, 14.4%, 13.3% and 18.2%, respectively. The humic acid was completely released in 60 days and the film was completely degraded in 120 days.

[0035] Example 2:

[0036] (1) Cut the waste potatoes into pieces and crush them into liquid waste potatoes;

[0037] (2) Take 150g of liquid waste potato, stir and add 75mL of deionized water, stir at 20-30℃ (200rpm) for 8 minutes to obtain waste potato solution;

[0038] (3) Add 3g potassium sulfate, 3g tartaric acid and 7.5g fulvic acid to the waste potato solution obtained in (2) and stir at 30-40℃ (200 rpm) for 15 minutes to obtain a mixed solution;

[0039] (4) Spread the mixed solution obtained in (3) evenly on a 1.5m... 2 The ceramic plate was irradiated with microwaves (160W, 2450MHz) for 12 minutes, and then a film (1.5m thick) was directly formed. 2 (thickness 0.3mm), such as Figure 1 As shown; the prepared mulch film has good mechanical properties (e.g. Figure 2 ), to meet the needs of practical applications;

[0040] (5) Lay the film flat on the soil surface where Shanghai bok choy is planted, and cover it with soil around it, such as Figure 3 As shown; the heat preservation effect is better than that of traditional plastic film (e.g.) within 60 days. Figure 4 ); the harvest results on the 30th day are as follows Figures 5-7 As shown: Compared with the uncovered group (blank), the group with flat-laid mulch film (product) showed a 59.9% higher emergence rate, a 235% increase in biomass, and a 108.3% increase in plant height in Shanghai bok choy. Soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter increased by 37.6%, 51.7%, 45.7%, and 41.4%, respectively (as shown in Table 1). Fulvic acid was completely released within 70 days (e.g., ...). Figure 8 , Figure 9 The membrane completely degraded in 150 days.

[0041] Example 3:

[0042] (1) Cut the waste potatoes into pieces and crush them into liquid waste potatoes;

[0043] (2) Take 200 g of liquid waste potato and add 100 mL of deionized water, stir (200 rpm) at 20-30°C for 10 minutes to obtain a waste potato solution;

[0044] (3) Add 4 g of potassium sulfate, 4 g of tartaric acid and 10 g of fulvic acid to the waste potato solution obtained in (2) and stir for 20 minutes at 30-40°C (200 rpm) to obtain a mixed solution;

[0045] (4) The mixed solution obtained in (3) is evenly spread on a 2m 2 ceramic plate and irradiated with a microwave (160w, 2450MHz) for 15 minutes, and then directly formed into a film (2m 2 , thickness 0.4 mm);

[0046] (5) The film is spread on the surface of the soil where Shanghai greens are planted, and the surrounding soil is covered, and the results are harvested on the 30th day. The results show that this treatment increases the emergence rate of Shanghai greens by 45.9%, the biomass by 220% and the plant height by 82.7% compared with the non-film covered group, and the effective nitrogen, effective phosphorus, effective potassium and organic matter in the soil are increased by 31.1%, 23.7%, 17.8% and 21.1% respectively, and the fulvic acid is completely released in 80 days, and the film is completely degraded in 180 days.

[0047] Among them, the effect of Example 2 is the best process (the effect of promoting growth and improving soil is the best). The comparison of soil indicators of the film prepared by Example 2, blank (without film) and traditional plastic mulch is shown in Table 1:

[0048] Table 1 Comparison of soil indicators of the film prepared by Example 2, blank (without film) and traditional plastic mulch

[0049]

[0050] Application Example 1:

[0051] The waste potato-derived fulvic acid slow-release full-degradable mulch prepared in Example 2 is used for field experiments, and the prepared mulch and traditional plastic mulch are laid, and the soil without mulch is used as a control experiment.

[0052] During the field experiment, the temperature and humidity 5 cm below the soil are recorded by a temperature and humidity instrument at 18:00 every day, and the temperature and humidity changes in this period are recorded.

[0053] The temperature of the soil 5cm below the ground detected by the waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release type full-degradable mulch is 0.36℃ higher than that without the mulch and 0.13℃ lower than that with the conventional plastic mulch. At the same time, the soil humidity with the waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release type full-degradable mulch is lower than that without the mulch. In addition, the fresh weight and the height of the Shanghai green plants with the waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release type full-degradable mulch are higher than those without the mulch and those with the conventional plastic mulch. In particular, the root system of the plants with the waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release type full-degradable mulch is longer than that with the conventional plastic mulch, which further proves the release of the nutrients such as fulvic acid on the prepared mulch. During the field experiment, the rainwater of some weather can meet the basic needs of plant growth, and it is also observed that the prepared mulch can be degraded.

[0054] In summary, the waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release type full-degradable mulch promotes plant growth, improves the content of effective nitrogen, effective phosphorus, effective potassium and organic matter in the soil, releases fulvic acid, and finally the prepared mulch can be completely degraded.

[0055] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not any form and substantial limitation of the present application. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled in the art, without departing from the present application, some improvements and supplements can be made, which should be considered as the protection scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, some changes, modifications and equivalent changes can be made according to the disclosed technical content, which are equivalent embodiments of the present application. Meanwhile, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolution of the above-mentioned embodiments according to the essential technology of the present application are still within the scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a slow-release and fully-degradable mulching film of abandoned potato-derived fulvic acid, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1): cutting and crushing the waste potato into liquid waste potato; Step 2): adding deionized water to the liquid waste potato obtained in step 1) to obtain a waste potato solution; Step 3): adding potassium sulfate, tartaric acid and fulvic acid to the waste potato solution obtained in step 2) to obtain a mixed solution; Step 4): evenly spreading the mixed solution obtained in step 3) on a ceramic plate, and directly forming a waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release full-degradable mulch after microwave irradiation.

2. The preparation method of the yellow humic acid slow-release type fully degradable mulching film from waste potatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2), the mass of the liquid waste potato is 100-200 g; the volume of the deionized water is 50-100 mL; the stirring temperature is 20-30 DEG C; the stirring speed is 100-200 rpm; and the stirring time is 5-10 minutes.

3. The preparation method of the yellow humic acid slow-release type fully degradable mulching film from waste potatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), the potassium sulfate is 2-4 g; the tartaric acid is 2-4 g; the fulvic acid is 5-10 g; the stirring temperature is 30-40 DEG C; the stirring speed is 100-200 rpm; and the stirring time is 10-20 minutes.

4. The preparation method of the yellow humic acid slow-release type fully degradable mulching film from waste potatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The speed of the laying in step 4) is 0.2-0.4 L / min; the area of the ceramic plate is 1-2 m 2 ; the setting parameter of the microwave irradiation is 160 W, 2450 MHz; the time of the microwave irradiation is 10-15 minutes; the area of the mulch is 1-2 m 2 ; the thickness of the mulch is 0.2-0.4 mm.

5. A waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release full-degradable mulch prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-4.

6. The application of the waste potato source fulvic acid slow-release full-degradable mulch of claim 5 in planting.

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