Light quality regulation and control method for efficient production of potato aeroponic culture breeder's seeds

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant soilless culture, and particularly relates to a light quality regulation and control method for efficient production of potato aeroponic culture breeder's seeds, after virus-free test-tube plantlets are temporarily planted for five weeks, temporarily-planted seedlings with consistent growth vigor and form are selected and planted in an aeroponic culture greenhouse, cultivation is carried out in a light environment, and the proportion of red light is 87.5% in terms of light quality spectrum integral percentage; the peak value is 660 nm; the blue light accounts for 12.5%, and the peak value is 454 nm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of soilless plant cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for efficient light quality control in the production of potato aeroponic seed culture. Background Technology

[0002] Aeroponics is a novel soilless cultivation technology for producing potato seed stock in recent years. Compared to conventional cultivation methods, it not only effectively avoids soil-borne diseases but also boasts a high degree of automation and production efficiency. In the process of producing potato seed stock using aeroponics, artificial light sources such as high-pressure sodium lamps and incandescent lamps are typically used. However, with the rise of LED plant grow lights, their advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, long lifespan, and being a cold light source have led to their increasing adoption.

[0003] The requirements and objectives of aeroponic seed production and commercial potato cultivation are completely different. For example, the focus of commercial potato cultivation is to maximize the total number of marketable tubers while ensuring basic commercial quality. Aeroponic seed production usually utilizes virus-free test-tube seedlings obtained under artificial isolation conditions to produce mini-tubers with a tuber weight of 1-20 g and a diameter of 10-25 mm. The original seed tubers produced using aeroponics are typically harvested when they reach 5g in size. This approach minimizes the plant's energy consumption for tuber growth, as whole tuber planting is used to prevent pathogen infection. Once the original seed tubers reach 5g, they are considered qualified. The tubers harvested at this stage do not consume excessive plant energy, allowing the plant to allocate that energy to other tubers still growing, significantly increasing the yield per plant. Furthermore, uniformly harvesting 5g tubers ensures a more uniform size and greater quantity, resulting in more consistent seed emergence and a more consistent development throughout the growing season, facilitating management during production.

[0004] In addition, during the production of potato seed stock, multiple dimensions of relevant growth data need to be monitored, such as plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves above ground, as well as root activity, photosynthetic characteristics, plant dry weight, number of tubers per plant, and yield per plant. Existing research on LED supplemental lighting for plants aims to regulate the growth and development of different plant species to achieve optimal target yields; therefore, traditional research methods are not applicable to the production requirements of aeroponic potato seed stock. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a light quality control method for the efficient production of potato aeroponic seed stock, which is mainly used for light quality control in the production process of potato aeroponic seed stock.

[0006] The specific technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for controlling light quality in the efficient production of potato aeroponic seed stock is characterized by selecting virus-free test-tube seedlings with consistent growth and morphology after 5 weeks of transplanting and planting them in an aeroponic greenhouse. Under light conditions, the red light accounts for 87.5% with a peak value of 660 nm, and the blue light accounts for 12.5% ​​with a peak value of 454 nm.

[0008] Preferably, the light intensity in the light quality is 100 µmol·m⁻¹. −2 ·s −1 The photoperiod is 12 h: 12 h.

[0009] Preferably, the temperature in the aeroponic greenhouse is controlled at 20-25°C during the day and 15-18°C at night, with a humidity of 70-80%.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a light quality control method for the efficient production of potato aeroponic seed stock, which is mainly used for light quality control in the production process of potato aeroponic seed stock, to achieve the goals of strong seedlings, root promotion, runner promotion, and increased yield of aeroponic potatoes. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 , 2 1, 3, and 4 represent the differences in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and root length of aeroponic potato plants at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 days after different light quality controls. The figure shows the situation of two aeroponic potato varieties (lines), “Diancaishu 103” and “Dianshu 1428”. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level under different light quality controls within the same period.

[0012] Figure 5 , 6 The figures represent the differences in stolon length and stolon number of aeroponic potato plants at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 days after different light quality controls were applied.

[0013] Figure 7 This indicates the differences in root activity of aeroponic potato plants at 30, 50, and 70 days after different light quality controls.

[0014] Figure 8The values ​​represent the differences in photosynthetic characteristic parameters of aeroponic potato plants under different light quality regulation at day 60; where a, b, c, and d represent net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr), respectively.

[0015] Figure 9 This indicates that after different light quality controls were applied to aeroponic potato plants, tuber formation rate was statistically analyzed every 5 days starting from day 30. Tuber formation rate was defined as the percentage of plants with tuber formation whose subapical stolon swelled to twice the diameter of the stolon.

[0016] Figure 10 This indicates the difference in tuber number and yield per plant after different light quality controls were applied to aeroponic potato plants.

[0017] Figure 11 This indicates the differences in morphological parameters of aeroponic potato plants at 20, 40, 60, and 80 days after different light qualities and photoperiods were regulated; these included differences in plant height, stem diameter, internode length, and root length.

[0018] Figure 12 This indicates the differences in leaf parameters of aeroponic potato plants at 20, 40, 60, and 80 days after different light qualities and photoperiods were regulated; including the differences in leaf number and leaf area.

[0019] Figure 13 This indicates the differences in runner-related parameters of aeroponic potato plants at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 days after different light qualities and photoperiods were regulated; including the differences in runner number and runner length.

[0020] Figure 14 This indicates the difference in tuber number and yield per plant after different light quality and photoperiod controls were applied to aeroponic potato plants. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. However, the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto. Various substitutions and modifications can be made based on ordinary technical knowledge and conventional means in the art without departing from the above-described technical concept of the present invention, and all such substitutions and modifications should be included within the scope of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1: Select robust test-tube seedlings "Diancaishu 103" and "Dianshu 1428" with a seedling age of 25-30 days, a seedling height of 6-8 cm, and well-developed root systems, and harden them off in the hardening-off room for 3-5 days with the cover off;

[0023] Use sterilized tweezers to remove the test-tube seedlings from the test tubes and wash the root culture medium. Cut off some of the roots and insert them vertically into 1 / 2 MS nutrient solution, allowing them to be temporarily planted in a hydroponic seedling tray for 5 weeks.

[0024] The seedlings with uniform growth were transplanted into cultivation troughs in the aeroponic greenhouse. The temperature in the aeroponic greenhouse was controlled at 20-25 ℃ during the day and 15-18 ℃ at night, with a humidity of 70%-80%, and different light qualities were adjusted.

[0025] Six light quality control treatments were implemented: monochromatic red light (R), monochromatic blue light (B), red light:blue light = 1:1 (1R1B), red light:blue light = 3:1 (3R1B), red light:blue light = 7:1 (7R1B), and control white light (W). The photoperiod was controlled at 12 h / 12 ​​h, and the total photon flux density of the plant canopy was maintained at 100 µmol·m³ for each treatment. −2 ·s −1 The photon flux density and red-blue light ratio are shown in the table below: Where W: White light; R: Red light; B: Blue light; R / B: Ratio of red to blue light.

[0026]

[0027] During the production of aeroponic potato seed culture under different light quality regulation, the morphological parameters, photosynthetic characteristics, biomass accumulation of various organs, and yield of aeroponic potatoes were measured.

[0028] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that, compared with the control W, R significantly promoted the increase of plant height of aeroponic potatoes, while B significantly inhibited the increase of plant height of aeroponic potatoes. In the red-blue composite light, the plant height of aeroponic potatoes showed an increasing trend and reached a high level with the increase of the proportion of red light, among which 7R1B regulated the plant height the most.

[0029] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that, compared with the control W, R significantly inhibited the increase of stem diameter of aeroponic potatoes, while B promoted the increase of stem diameter of aeroponic potatoes. Among the red-blue composite light, 1R1B and 7R1B significantly promoted the increase of stem diameter of aeroponic potatoes, with 7R1B regulating the stem diameter of aeroponic potatoes the most.

[0030] Depend on Figure 3It can be seen that, with the extension of different light quality regulation time, compared with the control W, the number of leaves of aeroponic potatoes gradually decreased under monochromatic light R and B, and gradually increased under red-blue composite light regulation, with the highest number of leaves under 1R1B and 7R1B regulation.

[0031] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that, with the extension of different light quality regulation time, compared with the control W, the root elongation of aeroponic potatoes was inhibited under monochromatic light R and B, while red-blue composite light promoted the elongation of aeroponic potato roots. Among them, the roots of aeroponic potatoes regulated by 7R1B were the longest.

[0032] Depend on Figure 5 and Figure 6 It is evident that with the extension of different light quality control times, the number of runners in aeroponic potatoes gradually increased and continued to elongate. Specifically, compared to the control W, B control significantly promoted runner formation and elongation within 40 days. However, with prolonged control time, runner elongation was inhibited, resulting in the fewest runners. Conversely, R control significantly inhibited runner formation and elongation within 40 days. With prolonged control time, the number of runners was greater than in the control W, while the runner length showed no significant difference. The number of runners in aeroponic potatoes under red-blue combined light control was significantly greater than in the control W, especially under the 1R1B control, which produced the most runners. At 70 days, the longest runners of "Diancai Shu 103" were observed in the "7R1B" treatment. Among the cultivars “Dianshu 1428”, “7R1B” still had the longest runners. On day 70, “1R1B” had the most runners, followed by “7R1B”. The cultivar “Dianshu 1428” had the most runners, followed by “1R1B”. Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of runners does not increase linearly under light quality regulation, but only significantly promotes tuber formation under the light quality conditions of the controls “1R1B” and “7R1B”.

[0033] Depend on Figure 7It is evident that the root activity of aeroponic potatoes exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the extension of different light quality control times. The root activity of aeroponic potatoes under R control showed the smallest change: within 30-50 days, it increased by 2.04% in "Diancaishu 103" and 4.57% in "Dianshu 1428"; within 50-70 days, it decreased by 17.38% in "Diancaishu 103" and 34.52% in "Dianshu 1428". Conversely, the root activity of aeroponic potatoes under B control showed the largest change: within 30-50 days, it increased by 42.42% in "Diancaishu 103" and 59.21% in "Dianshu 1428"; within 50-70 days, it decreased by 57.36% in "Diancaishu 103" and 61.89% in "Dianshu 1428". Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of stolons does not increase linearly under light quality regulation, and only under the "7R1B" light quality condition, the root activity of aeroponic potatoes remains at a high level throughout all periods.

[0034] Depend on Figure 8 It is evident that the photosynthetic characteristic parameters of aeroponic potatoes under different light quality regulation showed different responses. Pn, Gs, and Tr of aeroponic potatoes regulated by B, 1R1B, and 7R1B were higher than those under other light quality regulation. Pn and Tr of aeroponic potatoes regulated by R and 3R1B were lower than those under the control W. Moreover, Ci of aeroponic potatoes regulated by R was the highest, which inversely inhibited photosynthesis. Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of stolons does not increase linearly under light quality regulation. The photosynthetic characteristic parameters were at a high level under the control light quality conditions of "B", "1R1B", and "7R1B".

[0035] Depend on Figure 9 It is evident that the tuber formation rate of aeroponic potatoes under B-controlled conditions was the highest at all time points. Within 30-80 days, "B" significantly promoted tuber formation, reaching 100% at 55-60 days, a significantly shorter time compared to the other five light qualities, thus significantly promoting earlier tuber formation in aeroponic potatoes. The second fastest tuber formation was observed under 7R1B-controlled conditions. Tuber formation was significantly inhibited under "R" and "3R1B" light quality conditions, reaching 100% only at 75-80 days, a significantly longer time compared to the other five light qualities. Therefore, it can be concluded that the tuber formation rate does not increase linearly under light quality control, and only the control conditions "B" and "7R1B" significantly promote tuber formation.

[0036] The dry weights of various potato organs under different light quality controls are shown in the table below:

[0037]

[0038] Different organ dry weights and total plant dry weights of aeroponic potatoes under different light quality controls showed varying responses. Destructive sampling was performed on aeroponic potatoes 'Diancaishu 103' and 'Dianshu 1428' under different light quality controls. Leaves, stems, roots, and tubers were separated, dried, and weighed. At 30, 60, and 90 days, the total plant dry weight of aeroponic potatoes under R control was lower compared to other light quality controls. The total plant dry weight of aeroponic potatoes under B and 3R1B control was not significantly different from the control (W). The total plant dry weight of aeroponic potatoes under 1R1B and 7R1B control was significantly higher than the control (W), with the total plant dry weight of aeroponic potatoes under 7R1B control being the highest at all time points. This indicates that 7R1B promotes the accumulation of substances in aeroponic potatoes and increases their biomass.

[0039] The effects of light quality regulation on potato yield traits and grading are shown in the table below. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 level. The values ​​in the table are expressed as mean ± standard error (n=3).

[0040]

[0041] Depend on Figure 10 It is evident that light quality regulation exhibits varying responses to the yield and yield traits of aeroponic potato seed stock. Under R regulation, "Diancaishu 103" had 15.7 tubers per plant and a yield of 74.0 g, while "Dianshu 1428" had 12.7 tubers per plant and a yield of 61.0 g, showing the lowest tuber count and yield compared to the other five light quality regulation methods. Conversely, under 7R1B regulation, "Diancaishu 103" had 24.0 tubers per plant and a yield of 102.5 g, while "Dianshu 1428" had 25.0 tubers per plant and a yield of 125.1 g, indicating that 7R1B regulation resulted in the highest tuber count and yield among aeroponic potatoes compared to other light quality regulation methods.

[0042] Based on Example 1, which describes the production of potato aeroponic seed stock under different light quality controls by the Potato Crops Research Institute of Yunnan Agricultural University, it can be seen that there are significant differences in morphological parameters, photosynthetic characteristics, biomass accumulation in various organs, and yield of aeroponic potatoes under different light quality controls. By combining these indicators, a light quality control method for efficient production of potato aeroponic seed stock, namely 7R1B, was identified.

[0043] Example 2: Select robust test-tube seedlings of "Diancaishu 103" and "Dianshu 1428" with a seedling age of 25-30 days, a height of 6-8 cm, and well-developed root systems, and harden them off in the hardening-off room for 3-5 days with the cover off;

[0044] Use sterilized tweezers to remove the test-tube seedlings from the test tubes and wash the root culture medium. Cut off some of the roots and insert them vertically into 1 / 2 MS nutrient solution, allowing them to be temporarily planted in a hydroponic seedling tray for 5 weeks.

[0045] The seedlings with uniform growth were transplanted into cultivation troughs in the aeroponic greenhouse. The temperature in the aeroponic greenhouse was controlled at 20-25 ℃ during the day and 15-18 ℃ at night, with a humidity of 70%-80%. Different light qualities and photoperiods were also adjusted.

[0046] Four treatments were used to regulate light quality and photoperiod: 7R1B (P1) with 16 h / 8 h light / dark, W (P2) with 16 h / 8 h light / dark, 7R1B (P3) with 8 h / 16 h light / dark, and W (P4) with 8 h / 16 h light / dark. The total photonic flux density of the plant canopy was maintained at 100 µmol·m⁻¹ for each treatment. −2 ·s −1 The details are as follows:

[0047]

[0048] During the production of aeroponic potato seed stock under different light quality and photoperiod regulation, the morphological parameters of aeroponic potato plants, biomass accumulation of various organs, and yield of aeroponic potatoes were measured.

[0049] Depend on Figure 11 It is evident that the morphological parameters of aeroponic potatoes exhibited different responses under different light quality and photoperiod regulation. With consistent photoperiod, the plant height of aeroponic potatoes under treatment P1 was significantly greater than that under control P2, and the plant height of potatoes under treatment P3 was significantly greater than that under control P4. With consistent light quality, the plant height of aeroponic potatoes under treatment P1 was significantly greater than that under treatment P3, and the plant height of aeroponic potatoes under treatment P2 was significantly greater than that under treatment P4. The effect of different photoperiods on stem diameter of aeroponic potatoes generally showed a trend of first increasing and then gradually decreasing with the extension of regulation time. Furthermore, the stem diameter of “Diancaishu 103” and “Dianshu 1428” under treatment P1 was significantly greater than that of other treatments at all stages. On day 80 after treatment, the changes in stem diameter of aeroponic potatoes under different treatments showed the same pattern as the changes in plant height. On day 20 after treatment, the internode length of aeroponic potatoes under treatment P3 was significantly greater than that of the other three treatments. With the extension of treatment time, the internode length of aeroponic potatoes under treatment P4 was significantly smaller than that of the other three treatments. The root length of aeroponic potatoes showed significant differences under the four different treatments. The root length of P1 and P2 treatments was significantly greater than that of P3 and P4, and there was no difference between P1 and P2 treatments. The root length of aeroponic potatoes under P3 treatment was significantly greater than that under P4 treatment.

[0050] Depend on Figure 12It is evident that the changes in relevant parameters of aeroponic potato leaves exhibited different responses under different light qualities and photoperiods. On day 20 after treatment, the number of potato leaves did not differ among the different treatments, while the leaf area under treatment P1 was significantly higher than that under other treatments. As the treatment time increased, there were no significant differences in the number of potato leaves and leaf area under the same photoperiod, but there were significant differences in the number of potato leaves and leaf area under different photoperiods with the same light quality.

[0051] Depend on Figure 13 It is evident that the parameters of aeroponic potato runners exhibit different responses under different light quality and photoperiod regulation. Within 50 days after treatment, the P3 and P4 treatments produced more runners than the P1 and P2 treatments. After 50 days, the number of runners in the P1 and P2 treatments increased rapidly over time. By day 70, the P1 treatment had more runners than the P2 treatment, and the P3 treatment had more runners than the P4 treatment. Furthermore, the number of runners in the P1 and P2 treatments was significantly greater than that in the P3 and P4 treatments. Similarly, within 50 days after treatment, there was no significant difference in runner length among the four treatments. After 50 days, the runners in the P1 and P2 treatments showed significant elongation growth, which was significantly different from that in the P3 and P4 treatments. By day 70, the runner length in the P1 treatment was longer than that in the P2 treatment, and the runner length in the P1 and P2 treatments was significantly longer than that in the P3 and P4 treatments.

[0052] Based on the differences in the above parameters, the conclusion is that within the same photoperiod (P1 vs P2, P3 vs P4), P1 and P3 treatments, compared to the control P2, and P4 treatments are more conducive to plant morphogenesis. This further verifies that the light quality of 7R1B significantly promotes the growth and development of both the aboveground and underground parts of the plant compared to the control W. Under the same light quality, P1 and P2 treatments are more conducive to plant growth and development than P3 and P4 treatments, but are not conducive to the formation of early runners. Furthermore, as the treatment time continues to extend, aeroponic potato plants under P1 and P2 treatments do not produce tubers, while P3 and P4 can promote early tuber formation in aeroponic potato plants, which also verifies the saying "long days strengthen seedlings, short days promote tuber formation".

[0053]

[0054] Different organ and total plant dry weights of aeroponic potatoes exhibited varying responses under different light qualities and photoperiod controls. The dry weights of leaves, stems, roots, and total plants in aeroponic potatoes all followed the following patterns: within the same photoperiod, P1 was significantly greater than P2, and P3 was significantly greater than P4; within different photoperiods (under the same light quality), P1 was significantly greater than P3, and P2 was significantly greater than P4. In comparing tuber or stolon dry weights, the stolon dry weight under the P1 treatment was significantly greater than P2, and the tuber dry weight under the P3 treatment was significantly greater than P4.

[0055] Depend on Figure 14 It is evident that the number of tubers per plant and the yield per plant in aeroponic potatoes exhibit different responses under different light quality and photoperiod regulation. Under a 16-hour long-day treatment, neither P1 nor P2 produced tubers; under an 8-hour short-day treatment, both P3 and P4 produced tubers earlier, and the number of tubers per plant and the yield per plant in the P3 treatment were significantly greater than those in P4. However, overall, compared to Example 1 (12 hours of light), we can see that under the short-day (8-hour) treatment, the number of tubers per plant and the yield per plant in both P3 and P4 decreased (which can be compared with...). Figure 10 (For comparison), this may be due to insufficient light caused by short-day conditions throughout the entire growth period, resulting in reduced yield. Therefore, when selecting a light quality control method for efficient production of potato aeroponic seed stock, a light quality of 7R1B and a photoperiod of 12 h / 12 ​​h light / dark are chosen for the production of potato aeroponic seed stock.

Claims

1. A method for controlling light quality in the efficient production of potato aeroponic seed culture, characterized in that... Five weeks after the virus-free test-tube seedlings were transplanted, seedlings with uniform growth and morphology were selected and planted in an aeroponic greenhouse. Under light conditions, the red light accounted for 87.5% with a peak of 660 nm, and the blue light accounted for 12.5% ​​with a peak of 454 nm.

2. The light quality control method for high-efficiency production of potato aeroponic seed culture as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Light intensity of 100 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 The photoperiod is 12 h: 12 h.

3. The light quality control method for high-efficiency production of potato aeroponic seed culture as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The temperature in the aeroponic greenhouse is controlled at 20-25℃ during the day and 15-18℃ at night, with a humidity of 70%-80%.

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