Bimodal portable intestinal monitoring system based on bowel sounds and enteric electrical signals

Abstract

The application discloses a flexible wearable monitoring system based on intestinal sound and enteric electrical signal, comprising: N flexible circuit boards arranged on the abdominal skin, an intestinal sound acquisition module and an enteric electrical acquisition module are arranged on each flexible circuit board, wherein the intestinal sound acquisition module acquires intestinal sound signals and external sound signals through two microphones placed back to back respectively, the enteric electrical acquisition module acquires enteric electrical signals through a laser-engraved serpentine electrode array, and the serpentine electrode array is composed of three serpentine electrodes distributed at 120 degrees. A signal receiving and analyzing module realizes comprehensive discrimination and abnormal detection of small intestinal function state by fusing and analyzing enteric electrical signals, intestinal sound signals and external sound signals, and combining meal state evaluation and postoperative recovery monitoring. The application can solve the defect of insufficient information amount when intestinal function is detected by a single signal, so that more comprehensive and accurate monitoring of intestinal peristalsis is realized, and the problem of insufficient accuracy of existing intestinal monitoring technology is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of intestinal monitoring, and specifically relates to a dual-mode portable intestinal monitoring system based on bowel sounds and enteric electrical signals. BACKGROUND

[0002] Bowel sounds are intermittent gurgling sounds produced by the flow of gas and liquid in the intestinal lumen during intestinal peristalsis, and are a key physiological indicator for assessing the functional status of the intestinal tract. Abnormal changes in bowel sounds, including changes in frequency, pitch, and intensity, often indicate intestinal dysfunction or organic lesions. For example, hyperactive bowel sounds are commonly seen in patients with mechanical intestinal obstruction, while reduced or absent bowel sounds are often associated with acute peritonitis or paralytic ileus. By dynamically monitoring and analyzing the characteristics of bowel sounds, the severity and pathological type of the disease can be effectively determined, providing important objective evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment plan development.

[0003] Intelligent bowel sound monitoring technology has become increasingly mature. The monitoring system based on bowel sounds disclosed in CN117159019B selectively activates specific areas for monitoring through multiple abdominal detection units; the intelligent bowel sound positioning and collection device disclosed in CN112754516B includes a positioning and collection system and an intelligent monitoring system; and the flexible electronic stethoscope device disclosed in CN111388003B realizes sound source positioning through multi-signal processing. However, the existing technology has the following shortcomings: pure reliance on bowel sound signals, when patients fast or the amount of intestinal contents decreases, the bowel sound signals are weak or even disappear, making it impossible to accurately assess intestinal function; lack of multi-modal monitoring means, making it difficult to fully reflect the intestinal peristalsis state based on sound signals alone.

[0004] Gastrointestinal electrophysiology records gastrointestinal muscle electrical activity through abdominal electrodes. Gastrointestinal muscle electrical activity is mainly composed of slow waves generated by interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the smooth muscle layer of the intestinal wall. Intestinal electrical signals directly reflect the electrical driving mechanism of intestinal peristalsis. In the prior art, Chinese patent CN104720801B discloses a wireless gastrointestinal electrical topographic recorder, which uses an in-vivo detection capsule and an external signal processing device. The capsule has built-in electrodes, amplifiers, processors and wireless transmitters. The capsule position is controlled by a magnet to collect gastric electrical signals and generate a topographic map. Chinese patent CN115553928A discloses a gastrointestinal electrophysiological signal detection device, which includes a collection module, a control module, a feature calculation module, a display module and a storage module. The device collects and processes gastrointestinal electrical signals. Although the above-mentioned intestinal electrical technology solutions can effectively measure intestinal electrical signals, they still have obvious limitations: the device is usually large in size, resulting in poor portability; the measurement process needs to be carried out in a specific medical institution, lacking flexibility. In particular, the complex electrode connection system of multi-lead monitoring devices severely limits the patient's daily activities and normal life, making long-term monitoring difficult to implement, which is not conducive to the continuous evaluation and management of chronic intestinal diseases.

[0005] Existing intestinal monitoring technology has significant limitations. First, intestinal sound monitoring can only reflect intestinal peristalsis from a single perspective, making it difficult to achieve continuous and accurate monitoring of the entire disease process. Second, intestinal electrical monitoring devices generally use rigid shells with complex electrode connections, severely limiting the patient's freedom of movement and making long-term continuous monitoring difficult. Current intestinal sound monitoring devices are mostly rigid structures, and flexible wearable designs are rare. In the field of intestinal electrical monitoring, most devices are complex to operate and large in size, requiring professional personnel to operate, making it difficult to meet the demand for real-time monitoring in daily life. In addition, intestinal sound and intestinal electrical signal monitoring devices have not been integrated, requiring multiple medical personnel to assist when used separately, increasing the user's burden and medical resource consumption. Moreover, due to differences in monitoring areas and asynchronous start times, the signals cannot be aligned in the time dimension, affecting the accuracy of intestinal peristalsis state evaluation.

[0006] In terms of signal processing, intestinal sound signals and intestinal electrical signals require different processing methods due to differences in physical characteristics. Existing technology usually processes the two types of signals separately. When encountering interference or poor signal quality, the corresponding data segment needs to be removed. This separate processing mechanism results in the inability to align the two types of signals in the time dimension, making it impossible to reflect the complete state of intestinal peristalsis through signals within the same time window, limiting the implementation of multi-modal signal fusion analysis and affecting the accurate diagnosis and effective evaluation of intestinal diseases. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application is to solve the above-mentioned prior art existing deficiencies, propose a kind of based on intestinal sound and enteric electrical signal Dual-mode portable intestinal monitoring system, to be able to solve the defect of insufficient information when single signal detects intestinal function, so as to realize the more comprehensive, accurate monitoring of intestinal peristalsis information.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0009] The present application is a kind of based on intestinal sound and enteric electrical signal Flexible wearable intestinal monitoring system, characterized by, including, N flexible circuit board arranged on the abdominal skin, external signal receiving and analysis module;Wherein, the first flexible circuit board is arranged in duodenal area, the second flexible circuit board is arranged in the middle part of jejunum, the third flexible circuit board is arranged in the middle part of ileum, ;

[0010] Intestinal sound acquisition module and enteric electrical acquisition module are arranged on each flexible circuit board;

[0011] Wherein, the intestinal sound acquisition module on any i flexible circuit board obtains the intestinal sound signal of user in a time length by two microphones placed back to back respectively And external sound signal And sends to the signal receiving and analysis module;Wherein, Indicates the intestinal sound signal collected by the i flexible circuit board at t moment, Indicates the external sound signal collected by the i flexible circuit board at t moment, and T indicates total time length. The enteric electrical acquisition module on the i flexible circuit board obtains the enteric electrical signal of the user in the same period by laser-engraved serpentine electrode array And sends to the signal receiving and analysis module, and the serpentine electrode array is composed of three serpentine electrodes distributed at 120 degrees;Wherein,

[0012] Indicates the enteric electrical signal of the i flexible circuit board at t moment. The bottom center area of the i flexible circuit board is encapsulated by first soft material, and is adhered to the surface of abdominal skin.

[0013] The surface of the i flexible circuit board is encapsulated by second soft material, and third soft material is arranged on the upper surface of the second soft material, and is fixed on the abdominal skin of user in cooperation with medical tape. The surface of the i flexible circuit board is encapsulated by second soft material, and third soft material is arranged on the upper surface of the second soft material, and is fixed on the abdominal skin of user in cooperation with medical tape.

[0014] The surface of the i flexible circuit board is encapsulated by second soft material, and third soft material is arranged on the upper surface of the second soft material, and is fixed on the abdominal skin of user in cooperation with medical tape. ​​​​​

[0015] The signal receiving and analysis module is used to display the bowel sound signal and the bowel electrophysiological signal in real time, analyze the bowel electrophysiological signal, bowel sound signal and external sound signal to obtain the total number of bowel sound events and the total number of peak values ​​of the BER slow wave peak of the bowel electrophysiological signal, and use it to determine the functional state of the small intestine.

[0016] The flexible wearable monitoring system of the present invention is also characterized in that the signal receiving and analysis module realizes comprehensive discrimination and abnormal detection of small intestinal function status through the following steps:

[0017] Step 1, put the first A flexible circuit board The vector of the observed signal acquired at each time point is denoted as ;

[0018] Step 2, for the first A flexible circuit board for bowel sound signals and external sound signals Processing is performed to obtain the first On a flexible circuit board Identify individual bowel sound events, and then obtain the total number of bowel sound events for N circuit boards. ;

[0019] Step 3, from Remove from noisy time range The signal inside the intestine was used to obtain the filtered intestinal electrical signals. and to Perform signal preprocessing to obtain the first The total number of peak values ​​of the BER slow peak of the enteroelectric signal on a flexible circuit board. Thus, the total number of peak intestinal electrophysiological values ​​on N circuit boards is obtained. ;

[0020] Step 4, based on and Perform step 5 to assess the small bowel function status after the meal, or perform step 6 to assess the small bowel function status after surgery.

[0021] Furthermore, step 2 includes:

[0022] Step 2.1, respectively for and The bowel sound signal is obtained by sequentially performing bandpass filtering and normalization. and pre-processed external sound signals ;in, express The first moment Bowel sound signals after preprocessing on a flexible circuit board. express The first moment External sound signals after preprocessing on a flexible circuit board;

[0023] Step 2.2, for Intensity analysis is performed; if the intensity exceeds a set intensity threshold, the corresponding time period is marked as a noise time range. ; and from Delete the noise within the specified time range The internal signals are used to obtain the filtered bowel sound signals. ;in, The total duration after filtering, and express The first moment The bowel sound signal after screening by a flexible circuit board;

[0024] Step 2.3, for Adaptive spectral subtraction denoising was performed to obtain the denoised bowel sound signal time series. ;in, express The first moment The bowel sound signal after noise reduction using a flexible circuit board;

[0025] Step 2.4, for Perform frame segmentation processing to obtain the data from the original text. A sequence of bowel sound signal frames consisting of 1 signal frames ,in, Indicates the first The first flexible circuit board One bowel sound signal frame;

[0026] Step 2.5, calculate separately short-term energy and zero crossing rate ,when and At that time, the judgment For quasi-bowel sound events, among which, For adjustable energy coefficient, To estimate the baseline energy by analyzing silent segments of the signal, Zero-crossing rate threshold;

[0027] Step 2.6: When the time interval between two adjacent quasi-bowel sound events is less than a preset time threshold... At that time, two adjacent quasi-bowel sound events are merged into a single bowel sound event, ultimately yielding the first... On each circuit board One bowel sound event.

[0028] Furthermore, step 3 includes:

[0029] Step 3.1: Use a third-order polynomial fitting method to... After detrending, bandpass filtering and normalization are performed to obtain the noise-reduced electroenteric signal. ,in, express The first moment Noise-reduced intestinal electrical signals on a flexible circuit board;

[0030] Step 3.2: Use an adaptive threshold peak detection algorithm to process the denoised electroenteric signal. Perform BER slow wave peak identification to obtain the first The peak point set of the BER slow peak of the enteroelectric signal on a flexible circuit board. ,in, Indicates the first The first flexible circuit board One peak point, For the first The total number of peaks detected on each flexible circuit board.

[0031] Furthermore, the assessment of small intestinal function in step 5 includes:

[0032] Step 5.1: Obtain the pre-meal time period Number of bowel sound events and peak intestinal electrical activity Obtain the post-meal time period Number of bowel sound events and peak intestinal electrical activity ,in, This is mealtime, among which, , These represent the start time of measurement before the meal and the end time of measurement after the meal, respectively.

[0033] Step 5.2: Divide the positions of the N circuit boards into three functional zones according to the physiological location of the human small intestine, including: the duodenal region, the jejunal region, and the ileal region;

[0034] Calculate the total number of bowel sounds in the duodenal region. and total intestinal electrical activity ;in, The number of the circuit board in the duodenum region;

[0035] The total number of the bowel sound in the jejunum region and the total number of the electrogastrogram ; wherein, The total number of the circuit board in the duodenum region and the jejunum region;

[0036] The total number of the bowel sound in the ileum region and the total number of the electrogastrogram ; The total number of all the circuit board, and ;

[0037] Step 5.3, calculating the change of the number of the bowel sound event and the change of the number of the electrogastrogram peak in the duodenum region and the jejunum region respectively by using formula (1) and formula (2):

[0038] (1)

[0039] (2)

[0040] and The total number of the bowel sound event of all the circuit board divided into the postprandial time period and the preprandial time period, and The total number of the electrogastrogram peak of all the circuit board in the preprandial time period and the postprandial time period,

[0041] Calculating the enhancement rate of the bowel sound response in the kth region by using formula (3): :

[0042] (3)

[0043] In formula (3), is the preprandial bowel sound reference value in the kth region, ; calculating the enhancement rate of the electrogastrogram response in the kth region by using formula (4): :

[0044] (4)

[0045] In formula (4), is the preprandial electrogastrogram reference value in the kth region, ;

[0046] Step 5.4, judging the function state of the small intestine function:

[0047] When and and and and and and and At that time, the postprandial small intestine function was determined to be normal.

[0048] Otherwise, the postprandial small intestine function is judged to be abnormal; among which, The threshold for changes in bowel sounds. The threshold for changes in intestinal electrical activity. , , The threshold values ​​for bowel sound response enhancement rate are respectively for the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal regions. , , The threshold values ​​for the intestinal electrical response enhancement rate are respectively for the duodenal region, jejunal region, and ileal region.

[0049] Furthermore, the postoperative assessment of small bowel function in step 6 includes:

[0050] Step 6.1, Measure the postoperative day Total number of bowel sound events within a given time period and the Number of peak values ​​of intestinal electrophysiology on a flexible circuit board and the preoperative period Total number of bowel sound events within a given time period and the Number of peak values ​​of intestinal electrophysiology on a flexible circuit board And calculate the first Bowel sound recovery rate within a certain time period and the Intestinal electrical recovery rate over a time period ;

[0051] Step 6.2: Following the process in Step 6.1, obtain the postoperative result. Bowel sound recovery rate within a certain time period and the Intestinal electrical recovery rate over a time period ;

[0052] Step 6.3, when and At that time, the small bowel function was judged to have returned to normal after the operation.

[0053] when and At that time, the postoperative small bowel function was determined to be abnormally recovered.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0055] 1. This invention employs a flexible system design, integrating a flexible circuit board, a MEMS microphone, and a serpentine electrode array to achieve simultaneous acquisition of bowel sounds and bowel electrical signals. The system is compact, and the flexible packaging enhances biocompatibility and wearing comfort, significantly improving the problems of large size, poor portability, and complex electrode connections of existing devices. It facilitates daily wear and long-term dynamic monitoring for patients and is suitable for intestinal function assessment in various scenarios.

[0056] 2. This invention addresses the physical differences between bowel sounds and electrogastric signals by designing multi-level signal processing methods, and simultaneously processing both types of signals within the same time window. Through noise suppression, feature extraction, and event recognition, signal alignment and fusion are achieved, overcoming the problems of signal separation and time misalignment in existing technologies, and significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of signal analysis.

[0057] 3. This invention establishes a comprehensive analysis method for small intestinal function based on synchronously acquired bowel sounds and bowel electrical signals. Through multi-dimensional statistics and dynamic trend analysis, it achieves real-time and comprehensive assessment of small intestinal function, overcoming the shortcomings of insufficient information from single signal detection, and providing a scientific basis for intestinal health monitoring and disease early warning. Attached Figure Description

[0058] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the layout of the intestinal monitoring system of the invention in the user's abdominal region;

[0059] Figure 2 A simplified schematic diagram of the module connection relationship for the invention of a flexible monitoring device based on bowel sounds and bowel electrocardiogram signals;

[0060] Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the flexible intestinal monitoring system of the invention;

[0061] Figure 4 The invention is intended to be a flexible serpentine array;

[0062] Figure 5 This is a structurally exploded schematic diagram of the flexible intestinal monitoring system of the invention.

[0063] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the operation process of the intestinal monitoring system of the invention;

[0064] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the noise reduction of bowel sounds and bowel electrical signals for the invention;

[0065] Figure 8 The invention provides a comprehensive judgment and abnormal detection map of small intestinal functional status based on the fusion analysis of bowel sounds and intestinal electrical signals. Detailed Implementation

[0066] In this embodiment, a flexible wearable intestinal monitoring system based on bowel sounds and enteric electrical signals, comprising, N flexible circuit boards arranged on the abdominal skin, external signal receiving and analysis module; Figure 1 The arrangement of the intestinal monitoring system in the abdominal region of the user is shown. The system adopts a modular design, and the detection unit can be flexibly configured according to clinical needs, wherein the first flexible circuit board is arranged in the duodenal region, the second flexible circuit board is arranged in the middle region of the jejunum, and the third flexible circuit board is arranged in the middle region of the ileum, The system supports adding auxiliary monitoring points in key regions such as duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon.

[0067] An enteric electrical signal acquisition module and a bowel sound acquisition module are arranged on each flexible circuit board. Figure 2 The module connection relationship diagram of the flexible intestinal monitoring device based on bowel sounds and enteric electrical signals is shown. The device comprises: a bowel sound acquisition module 10, comprising two MEMS microphones arranged back-to-back: one microphone is directed towards the abdomen to acquire bowel sound signals, and the other is directed towards the external environment to acquire background noise, and the two microphones are connected with the flexible circuit board template 30 through electrical connection. The enteric electrical signal acquisition module 20 comprises three snake-shaped electrode array patches, which are connected with the flexible circuit board template 30 through flexible snake-shaped wires. The three snake-shaped electrodes are respectively used as positive electrode, ground electrode and reference electrode.

[0068] Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the flexible intestinal monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The flexible intestinal monitoring system is composed of a central disc region and an enteric electrical monitoring module. The central region places the bowel sound monitoring module, and the enteric electrical monitoring module contains three snake-shaped electrodes connected with the central region through flexible wires, distributed at an angle of 120 degrees, forming a circular monitoring region to ensure detection stability.

[0069] The bowel sound acquisition module on any i-th flexible circuit board acquires bowel sound signals of the user in a time period through two microphones arranged back-to-back and external sound signals respectively, and sends them to the signal receiving and analysis module. A silicone rubber isolation layer is arranged between the two microphones to avoid friction noise, and the external sound signals provide a reference for noise elimination; wherein, represents the bowel sound signals collected by the i-th flexible circuit board at time t, represents the external sound signals collected by the i-th flexible circuit board at time t, and T represents the total time.

[0070] ​​​The bowel electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition module on the i-th flexible circuit board acquires the user's ECG signals during the same time period through a laser-engraved serpentine electrode array. And send it to the signal receiving and analysis module, and the serpentine electrode array consists of three serpentine electrodes distributed at 120 degrees; wherein, express The first moment The flexible circuit board transmits electroencephalogram (EEG) signals; the serpentine electrode array is fabricated using a laser engraving process. The fabrication process involves coating a glass substrate with PDMS material and thermally curing it at 70°C. A 10μm thick metal film (such as copper or gold) is then laminated onto the PDMS surface. The serpentine electrode structure is designed using software, and a serpentine pattern is formed on the metal film using CO2 laser cutting technology. After cutting, the serpentine electrode array is peeled off and fixed onto medical 3M tape, ensuring full contact with the skin. The flexible serpentine array is soldered to the flexible circuit board to form a signal acquisition path. The electronic component module is encapsulated in a flexible material, with backing on the top and top to provide stable adhesion and support, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0071] The flexible circuit board module 30 connects to the bowel sound acquisition module 10 and the electrocolic (ECG) acquisition module 20 via a multi-channel analog front-end chip, synchronously acquiring and differentially amplifying the signals to ensure consistency in the time series of the dual-channel data. Data is transmitted to the main control unit for processing via the SPI protocol and then transmitted to the mobile client via Bluetooth Low Energy. This module consists of a flexible polyimide substrate and flexible copper conductive circuitry, integrating all functional modules. The module integrates the acquisition module, chip, peripheral circuitry, and lithium battery using a reflow soldering process.

[0072] The flexible circuit board's encapsulation comprises four layers: a waterproof protective layer, a main encapsulation layer, a replaceable adhesive layer, and a flexible backing. The waterproof protective layer provides insulation; the main encapsulation layer uses biocompatible materials to encapsulate the functional modules; the replaceable adhesive layer uses different types of flexible materials for easy replacement after prolonged wear, ensuring the device maintains an ideal fit. The flexible backing covers the central area of ​​the circuit board and uses a composite structure of medical tape and adhesive flexible materials, with an extended portion that adheres to the skin, both securing the device and ensuring breathability. Figure 5 As shown.

[0073] No. The entire flexible circuit board is coated with a 20wt% PVB solution and then heat-cured to form a waterproof protective layer.

[0074] The main encapsulation layer is made of flexible material II, which is cast using a 3D printed PLA mold: the flexible material II is poured into the mold and pre-cured at 40°C for 20 minutes, then placed in the... The second layer of material is poured and fully cured at 60°C for 1 hour.

[0075] The The bottom center area of the flexible circuit board is encapsulated by the first soft material as a replaceable adhesive layer for surface adhesion with the abdominal skin. The bottom structure of this central area is composed of two flexible materials: the high-adhesion first soft material in the middle area ensures the close adhesion of the core monitoring area to the skin; the flexible material two with excellent elasticity in the surrounding area improves the overall wearing comfort. These two materials form an integrated structure through covalent bonding during the curing process, balancing monitoring accuracy and wearing comfort. To address the problem of adhesion decay in long-term wearable devices, this design adopts a modular replacement scheme: when the adhesion decreases, the user can remove the adhesive material in the middle of the bottom and recast a replacement, so that the device always maintains the ideal adhesion effect and prolongs the service life of the system.

[0076] The The surface of the flexible circuit board is encapsulated by the second soft material and covered with a backing layer to fix the The surface of the flexible circuit board is encapsulated by the second soft material and covered with a backing layer to fix the

[0077] Figure 6 The operation process of the intestinal monitoring system is demonstrated. Before operation, the patient's abdominal skin is cleaned with medical alcohol to remove surface grease and dirt, and eliminate high impedance layer to ensure effective conduction of electrical signals. The system is attached to the abdomen in a central-to-outer sequence: first, the central borborygmus monitoring module is attached, then the three flexible electrode arrays are attached in sequence, and finally the backing is fixed. After the system is started, intestinal sound and enteric electrical signals are collected synchronously, and transmitted in real time to the upper computer for signal processing through low-power Bluetooth.

[0078] The signal receiving and analysis module 40 is used to receive the intestinal sound and enteric electrical signal data transmitted by the flexible circuit board module 30 in real time, and to present the waveform changes through a mobile client platform in real time. The intestinal electrical signal, intestinal sound signal and external sound signal are analyzed to obtain the total number of intestinal sound events and the total number of peak values of BER slow wave peaks of the intestinal electrical signal, which are used to distinguish the small intestine function state, including:

[0079] Step 1, pour the first flexible circuit board in The observation signal vector collected at time t is denoted as ;

[0080] Step 2, processing the borborygmus signal and the external sound signal of the Nth flexible circuit board, thereby obtaining an independent borborygmus event on the Nth flexible circuit board, and further obtaining the total number of borborygmus events of the N circuit boards ;

[0081] Step 2.1, sequentially performing band-pass filtering and normalization processing on and respectively, thereby obtaining the preprocessed borborygmus signal and the preprocessed external sound signal ; wherein, denotes the preprocessed borborygmus signal of the Nth flexible circuit board at time t, and denotes the preprocessed external sound signal of the Nth flexible circuit board at time t.

[0082] Step 2.2, performing intensity analysis on, if the intensity exceeds the set intensity threshold, marking the corresponding time range as a noise time range ; and deleting the signal within the noise time range from, thereby obtaining the screened borborygmus signal ; wherein, is the total length after screening, and denotes the screened borborygmus signal of the Nth flexible circuit board at time t.

[0083] Step 2.3, performing adaptive spectral subtraction noise reduction on, thereby obtaining the denoised borborygmus signal time sequence ; wherein, denotes the denoised borborygmus signal of the Nth flexible circuit board at time t. Figure 7 FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of borborygmus signal denoising according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0084] Step 2.4,​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ The frame processing is performed to obtain an intestinal sound signal frame sequence composed of signal frames , wherein, represents the th intestinal sound signal frame of the th flexible circuit board ;

[0085] Step 2.5, the short-time energy and the zero-crossing rate of each are calculated respectively, and , the is determined as a qualified intestinal sound event, wherein, is an adjustable energy coefficient, is a baseline energy estimated by analyzing the signal silence segment, is a zero-crossing rate threshold;

[0086] Step 2.6, when the time interval between two adjacent qualified intestinal sound events is less than a preset time threshold , the two adjacent qualified intestinal sound events are merged into the same intestinal sound event, and finally intestinal sound events on the th circuit board are obtained.

[0087] Step 3, the signals in the noise time range are deleted from to obtain the screened intestinal electric signals , and the signal preprocessing is performed on to obtain the total number of peak values of the BER slow wave peaks of the intestinal electric signals on the th flexible circuit board ; thus the total number of intestinal electric peak values on the N circuit boards is obtained.

[0088] Step 3.1, after the detrending processing of is performed by using a third-order polynomial fitting method, the band-pass filtering and normalization processing are performed, so as to obtain the denoised intestinal electric signals , wherein, represents the denoised intestinal electric signals on the th flexible circuit board at the moment of ; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of intestinal electric signal denoising according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0089] Step 3.2, the self-adaptive threshold peak detection algorithm is used to detect the denoised intestinal electric signals performing the BER slow wave peak identification to obtain a peak point set of the BER slow wave peak of the intestinal electrical signal on the Nth flexible circuit board , wherein represents the Nth peak point on the Nth flexible circuit board . the total number of peaks detected on the Nth flexible circuit board .

[0090] Step 4, based on and , performing the meal small intestine function state evaluation of Step 5 or performing the postoperative small intestine function state evaluation of Step 6.

[0091] Step 5, as shown in Figure 8 , the meal small intestine function state evaluation includes: performing comprehensive judgment and abnormal detection of the small intestine function state through the intestinal sound and intestinal electrical signal fusion analysis:

[0092] Step 5.1, obtaining the number of intestinal sound events and the number of intestinal electrical peak values in the pre-meal time period , obtaining the number of intestinal sound events and the number of intestinal electrical peak values in the post-meal time period , wherein is the meal time, wherein , respectively represent the pre-meal start measurement time and the post-meal end measurement time;

[0093] Step 5.2, dividing the positions of the N flexible circuit boards into three functional divisions according to the physiological positions of the human small intestine, including: duodenal region, jejunum region and ileum region;

[0094] calculating the total number of intestinal sounds and the total number of intestinal electricity in the duodenal region; wherein is the number of flexible circuit boards in the duodenal region;

[0095] calculating the total number of intestinal sounds and the total number of intestinal electricity in the jejunum region; wherein is the total number of flexible circuit boards in the duodenal region and the jejunum region;

[0096] calculating the total number of intestinal sounds and the total number of intestinal electricity in the ileum region; is the total number of all flexible circuit boards, and​​ ;

[0097] Step 5.3, calculating the change amount of the number of bowel sound events using formula (1) and formula (2) respectively and the change amount of the number of electrogastrogram peaks :

[0098] (1)

[0099] (2)

[0100] and the number of all circuit board bowel sound events in the postprandial time period and the preprandial time period, and the total number of all circuit board electrogastrogram peaks in the preprandial time period and the postprandial time period,

[0101] calculating the bowel sound response enhancement rate of the kth region using formula (3) :

[0102] (3)

[0103] in formula (3), is the preprandial bowel sound reference value of the kth region, ; calculating the electrogastrogram response enhancement rate of the kth region using formula (4) :

[0104] (4)

[0105] in formula (4), is the preprandial electrogastrogram reference value of the kth region, ;

[0106] Step 5.4, judging the function state of the small intestine function:

[0107] when and and and and and and and , the postprandial small intestine function state is determined to be a normal state;

[0108] otherwise, the postprandial small intestine function state is determined to be an abnormal state; wherein, is the bowel sound change amount threshold value, is the electrogastrogram change amount threshold value, , , The threshold values ​​for bowel sound response enhancement rate are respectively for the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal regions. , , The threshold values ​​for the intestinal electrical response enhancement rate are respectively for the duodenal region, jejunal region, and ileal region.

[0109] Step 6: Postoperative assessment of small bowel function includes:

[0110] Step 6.1, Measure the postoperative day Total number of bowel sound events within a given time period and the Number of peak values ​​of intestinal electrophysiology on a flexible circuit board and the preoperative period Total number of bowel sound events within a given time period and the Number of peak values ​​of intestinal electrophysiology on a flexible circuit board And calculate the first Bowel sound recovery rate within a certain time period and the Intestinal electrical recovery rate over a time period ;

[0111] Step 6.2: Following the process in Step 6.1, obtain the postoperative result. Bowel sound recovery rate within a certain time period and the Intestinal electrical recovery rate over a time period ;

[0112] Step 6.3, when and At that time, the small bowel function was judged to have returned to normal after the operation.

[0113] when and At that time, the postoperative small bowel function was determined to be abnormally recovered.

Claims

1. A flexible wearable intestinal monitoring system based on bowel sounds and enteric electrical signals, comprising, N flexible circuit boards arranged on the abdominal skin, an external signal receiving and analysis module; wherein, The first flexible circuit board is arranged in the duodenum region, the second flexible circuit board is arranged in the middle region of the jejunum, and the third flexible circuit board is arranged in the middle region of the ileum, ; The enteroauscultation signal acquisition module and the enteric electricity acquisition module are arranged on each flexible circuit board. In this module, the bowel sound acquisition module on any i-th flexible circuit board acquires the user's bowel sound signals over a period of time through two microphones placed back-to-back. and external sound signals And send it to the signal receiving and analysis module; wherein, express The first moment Bowel sound signals collected by a flexible circuit board. Represents the first time at time t The external sound signal collected by a flexible circuit board, where T represents the total duration; The enteric electrical collection module on the i-th flexible circuit board acquires the enteric electrical signals of the user in the same period through a laser-engraved serpentine electrode array and sends them to the signal receiving and analyzing module, and the serpentine electrode array is composed of three serpentine electrodes distributed at 120 degrees; wherein, represents the enteric electrical signals of the i-th flexible circuit board at the moment ​ No. The bottom center area of ​​a flexible circuit board is encapsulated with a first soft material and then adheres to the surface of the abdominal skin. No. After the surface of a flexible circuit board is encapsulated with a second flexible material, a third flexible material is disposed on the upper surface of the second flexible material and fixed to the user's abdominal skin in conjunction with medical tape; The signal receiving and analyzing module is used for real-time display of the enteroauscultation signal and the enteric electricity signal, analysis of the enteric electricity signal, the enteroauscultation signal and external sound signals, and obtaining of the total number of enteroauscultation events and the total number of peak values of the BER slow wave peak of the enteric electricity signal, so as to distinguish the small intestine function state; characterized in that the signal receiving and analyzing module realizes comprehensive discrimination and abnormal detection of the small intestine function state by following steps: Step 1, the first flexible circuit board is collected at the moment observation signal vector is recorded as ; Step 2, processing the gurgling sound signal and the external sound signal of the first flexible circuit board, so as to obtain a first independent gurgling sound event on the first flexible circuit board ​​​​​​ Step 3, from Remove from noisy time range The signal inside the intestine was used to obtain the filtered intestinal electrical signals. and to Perform signal preprocessing to obtain the first The total number of peak values ​​of the BER slow peak of the enteroelectric signal on a flexible circuit board. Thus, the total number of peak intestinal electrophysiological values ​​on N circuit boards is obtained. ; Step 4, based on and performing step 5 or performing step 6 of the postoperative small bowel functional status assessment; Step 5: evaluation of the meal small intestine function state: Step 5.1, obtaining the number of borborygmus events in the pre-meal time period Step 5.2, obtaining the number of borborygmus events in the post-meal time period Step 5.3, obtaining the number of electrogastrography peaks in the pre-meal time period Step 5.4, obtaining the number of electrogastrography peaks in the post-meal time period Step 5.5, obtaining the number of borborygmus events in the pre-meal time period Step 5.6, obtaining the number of electrogastrography peaks in the pre-meal time period wherein, is the meal time, wherein, , respectively represent the pre-meal start measurement time and the post-meal end measurement time. Step 5.2: the positions of the N circuit boards are divided into three functional zones according to the physiological positions of the human small intestine, including: the duodenum region, the jejunum region and the ileum region; counting the total number of borborygmus in the duodenum region and the total number of electrogastrogram ; wherein, is the number of circuit boards in the duodenum region; counting the total number of borborygmus in the jejunal region and the total number of electrogastrogram ; wherein, is the total number of circuit boards in the duodenal region and the jejunal region; counting the total number of bowel sounds in the ileum region and the total number of electrogastrograms ; is the total number of all circuit boards, and ; Step 5.3, calculating the amount of change in the number of bowel sound events using formula (1) and formula (2) respectively and the amount of change in the number of electrogastrographic peaks : (1) (2) and the number of all circuit board borborygmus events divided into postprandial time period and preprandial time period, and the total number of all circuit board electroenterogram peak values for preprandial time period and postprandial time period; The bowel sound response enhancement rate of the kth region is calculated using formula (3) : (3) In formula (3), a pre-meal bowel sound reference value for the kth region, ; and calculating the enteric electrical response enhancement rate of the kth region using formula (4) : (4) In formula (4), a pre-meal electrogastrogram reference value for the kth region, ; Step 5.4: discrimination of the small intestine function state function: When and and and and and and and the postprandial small intestine function state is determined as a normal state. Otherwise, the postprandial small intestine function state is determined as an abnormal state; wherein is the bowel sound change amount threshold value, is the enteric electricity change amount threshold value, 、 、 are the bowel sound response enhancement rate threshold values of the duodenum region, the jejunum region, and the ileum region, respectively, 、 、 are the enteric electricity response enhancement rate threshold values of the duodenum region, the jejunum region, and the ileum region, respectively.

2. The flexible wearable enteroscopy monitoring system of claim 1, wherein, The step 2 comprises: Step 2.1, respectively for and The bowel sound signal is obtained by sequentially performing bandpass filtering and normalization. and pre-processed external sound signals ;in, express The first moment Bowel sound signals after preprocessing on a flexible circuit board. express The first moment External sound signals after preprocessing on a flexible circuit board; Step 2.2, for Intensity analysis is performed; if the intensity exceeds a set intensity threshold, the corresponding time period is marked as a noise time range. ; and from Delete the noise within the specified time range The internal signals are used to obtain the filtered bowel sound signals. ;in, The total duration after filtering, and express The first moment The bowel sound signal after screening by a flexible circuit board; Step 2.3, for Adaptive spectral subtraction denoising was performed to obtain the denoised bowel sound signal time series. ;in, express The first moment A duct-like sound signal after noise reduction using a flexible circuit board; Step 2.4, on frame processing, obtain the intestinal sound signal frame sequence composed of signal frames , wherein, indicates the th intestinal sound signal frame of the th flexible circuit board; Step 2.5, calculate the short-time energy and the zero-crossing rate when and , determine as a colonic bruit event, wherein is an adjustable energy coefficient, is a baseline energy estimated over a silent segment of the analysis signal, is a zero-crossing rate threshold; Step 2.6, when the time interval between two adjacent quasi-borborygmi events is less than a preset time threshold, merging the two adjacent quasi-borborygmi events into one borborygmus event, finally obtaining the number of borborygmus events on the circuit board. ​​​ 3. The flexible wearable enteroscopy system of claim 2, wherein, The step 3 comprises: Step 3.1: Use a third-order polynomial fitting method to... After detrending, bandpass filtering and normalization are performed to obtain the noise-reduced electroenteric signal. ,in, express The first moment Noise-reduced intestinal electrical signals on a flexible circuit board; Step 3.2: Use an adaptive threshold peak detection algorithm to process the denoised electroenteric signal. Perform BER slow wave peak identification to obtain the first The peak point set of the BER slow peak of the enteroelectric signal on a flexible circuit board. ,in, Indicates the first The first flexible circuit board One peak point, For the first The total number of peaks detected on each flexible circuit board.

4. The flexible wearable enteroscopy system of claim 3, wherein, The postoperative small intestine function state evaluation of the step 6 comprises: Step 6.1, measure total number of bowel sound events over a period of time post-surgery and number of peaks of electrogastrography on the flexible circuit board and total number of bowel sound events over a period of time pre-surgery and number of peaks of electrogastrography on the flexible circuit board , and calculate the recovery rate of bowel sound over the period of time and the recovery rate of electrogastrography over the period of time and number of peaks of electrogastrography on the flexible circuit board , and calculate the recovery rate of bowel sound over the period of time and the recovery rate of electrogastrography over the period of time ;​​​ Step 6.

2. The recovery rate of bowel sounds over the post-operative period of 1st , 2nd , 3rd , and 4th time period is obtained following the procedure of Step 6.1 Step 6.3, when and the postoperative small intestine function state is determined to be normal. When and the postoperative small intestine function state is determined to be abnormal recovery.

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