Solid-liquid mixed fuel air explosive containing high-energy metal powder and preparation method

Abstract

The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a liquid fuel and a combustion improver composition, uniformly stirring, adding nanoscale aluminum powder and boron powder, treating by adopting an ultrasonic dispersion technology to ensure that the metal powder is uniformly dispersed, adding a stabilizer and an emulsifier, and continuously stirring until the metal powder is completely dissolved, thereby obtaining the solid-liquid mixed fuel air explosive containing the high-energy metal powder. And adding the high-energy additive, the combustion regulator and the desensitizing agent, continuously stirring until the mixture is uniform, and defoaming the mixture under a vacuum condition to obtain the final high-energy solid-liquid mixed fuel air explosive. By adding high-energy metal powder (such as nanoscale aluminum powder, boron powder and the like) and a high-energy additive (such as nanoscale titanium hydride TiH), the energy density of the fuel air explosive is remarkably improved. The components can be rapidly combusted in the explosion process, a large amount of heat energy and gas are released, and the strength and destructive power of explosion shock waves are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a solid-liquid hybrid cloud explosive agent containing high-energy metal powder and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Fuel-air explosives (FAEs), also known as thermobaric weapons, consist of a warhead filled with a thermobaric agent. In secondary thermobaric weapons, when the warhead is deployed to a certain altitude, the central charge detonates, dispersing the thermobaric agent into the air. The fuel is initially atomized into fine droplets by the explosive dispersion, mixing with the surrounding air to form an aerosol cloud of a certain diameter and height that can be ignited and burned. A second detonation then ignites the cloud, resulting in a detonation and widespread damage. FAEs are characterized by their large effective range and long duration. Their volumetric explosive method offers unique advantages in terms of destructive power, being 510 times more damaging than an equivalent mass of conventional explosives. The shock wave and flames generated by the detonation create a specific force field distribution on the ground, and the characteristics of this force field distribution directly determine the destructive effect of the FAE atomized cloud detonation. Liquid thermobaric weapons typically use liquid organic fuels, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, methane, butane, and isopropyl nitrate. However, the fuels used in liquid thermobaric weapons have low density and low calorific value, making it difficult to further increase the destructive power of fuel-air explosives (FAEs). Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a solid-liquid hybrid cloud explosive agent containing high-energy metal powder and its preparation method in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] The technical solutions adopted in this invention are as follows:

[0005] A solid-liquid hybrid explosive agent containing high-energy metal powder, comprising the following components by weight percentage:

[0006] Nano-grade aluminum powder: 30wt%-45wt%;

[0007] Boron powder: 10wt%-25wt%;

[0008] Liquid fuel: 20wt%-35wt%;

[0009] Combustion accelerator composition: 10wt%-20wt%;

[0010] Stabilizer: 1wt%-5wt%;

[0011] Emulsifier: 1wt%-3wt%;

[0012] High-energy additives: 5wt%-15wt%;

[0013] Combustion regulator: 2wt%-8wt%;

[0014] Desensitizing agent: 1wt%-5wt%.

[0015] Furthermore, the combustion-supporting composition comprises isopropyl nitrate and hydrogen peroxide, wherein the mass ratio of isopropyl nitrate to hydrogen peroxide is 1:1 to 1:3; and the hydrogen peroxide is a 20-40 wt% aqueous solution.

[0016] Furthermore, the stabilizer is zinc stearate; the emulsifier is Span-80.

[0017] Furthermore, the liquid fuel is a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and the mass ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide is 1:1.5 to 3:1.

[0018] Furthermore,

[0019] The high-energy additive is nano-sized titanium hydride TiH2;

[0020] The combustion regulator is ammonium nitrate;

[0021] The desensitizing agent is calcium carbonate.

[0022] Furthermore, the particle size of the nano-sized aluminum powder is 50nm-200nm.

[0023] Furthermore, the boron powder has a particle size of 1μm-10μm.

[0024] This invention also discloses a method for preparing a solid-liquid hybrid explosive agent containing high-energy metal powder, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) Mix the liquid fuel and the combustion improver composition and stir until homogeneous;

[0026] (2) Add nano-sized aluminum powder and boron powder, and use ultrasonic dispersion technology to ensure uniform dispersion of metal powder;

[0027] (3) Add stabilizer and emulsifier, and continue stirring until completely dissolved;

[0028] (4) Add high-energy additives, combustion regulators and desensitizers, and continue stirring until homogeneous;

[0029] (5) The mixture is degassed under vacuum to obtain the final high-energy solid-liquid mixed cloud explosion agent.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) By adding high-energy metal powders (such as nano-sized aluminum powder, boron powder, etc.) and high-energy additives (such as nano-sized titanium hydride TiH2), the energy density of the explosive fuel is significantly improved. These components can burn rapidly during the explosion, releasing a large amount of heat energy and gas, thereby enhancing the intensity and destructive power of the explosion shock wave.

[0032] (2) The optimized formula and component ratio enable the thermobaric agent to form a larger high temperature and high pressure zone during the explosion, thereby expanding the damage range to the target.

[0033] (3) The addition of combustion-supporting agent compositions (such as isopropyl nitrate and hydrogen peroxide) effectively increases the combustion rate of the fuel, ensuring that the fuel can burn quickly and completely. This not only shortens the time to reach the detonation state, but also enhances the suddenness and destructive power of the explosion.

[0034] (4) The synergistic effect among the components enables the fuel to release energy more fully during the explosion. The reasonable ratio of liquid fuel, high-energy metal powder and combustion accelerant ensures the efficient combustion reaction and improves energy utilization efficiency.

[0035] (5) By adjusting the ratio of liquid fuel and high-energy metal powder in the formula, and by adding special emulsifiers and stabilizers (such as zinc stearate and Span-80), the cloud diffusion ability of the cloud explosion agent was significantly improved.

[0036] (6) The addition of high-energy additives (such as nano-sized titanium hydride TiH2) and combustion modifiers (such as ammonium nitrate) effectively prolongs the high-temperature duration after the thermobaric agent detonates. This allows the target to be exposed to high-temperature flames for a longer period of time, enhancing the destructive and lethal effects on the target.

[0037] (7) By adding desensitizing agents (such as calcium carbonate), the safety of thermobaric explosives during storage, transportation, and use is improved. Desensitizing agents can reduce the sensitivity of thermobaric explosives to external impacts and friction, thus reducing the possibility of accidental detonation.

[0038] (8) Stabilizers (such as zinc stearate) and emulsifiers (such as Span-80) in the formulation can effectively prevent the components from separating or deteriorating during storage, ensuring the performance stability and reliability of the cloud explosion agent after long-term storage. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the test site layout. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] Formula composition:

[0043] Nano-sized aluminum powder (particle size 50nm-200nm): 300g;

[0044] Boron powder (particle size 1μm-10μm): 100g;

[0045] Ethylene oxide: 200g;

[0046] Propylene oxide: 200g;

[0047] Isopropyl nitrate: 50g;

[0048] Hydrogen peroxide (30% aqueous solution): 150g;

[0049] Zinc stearate: 20g;

[0050] Span-80: 10g;

[0051] Nanoscale titanium hydride (TiH2): 50g;

[0052] Ammonium nitrate: 40g;

[0053] Calcium carbonate: 30g.

[0054] Preparation process:

[0055] 1. Mix ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, add isopropyl nitrate and hydrogen peroxide, and stir until homogeneous.

[0056] 2. Add nano-sized aluminum powder and boron powder, and treat with ultrasonic dispersion technology for 30 minutes.

[0057] 3. Add zinc stearate and Span-80, and continue stirring until completely dissolved.

[0058] 4. Add nano-sized titanium hydride (TiH2), ammonium nitrate and calcium carbonate, and continue stirring until homogeneous.

[0059] 5. The mixture is degassed under vacuum to obtain the final high-energy solid-liquid mixed cloud explosion agent.

[0060] Explosion pressure test and thermal radiation test methods:

[0061] The thermobaric explosive test sample was stored in a cylindrical FAE cartridge case 1; the inner diameter of the central dispersion charge cartridge inside the cartridge case was 24 mm, and the inner diameter of the cartridge case was 90 mm. The heights of the central charge cartridge and the cartridge case were 134 mm and 200 mm, respectively. The cartridge case of the central charge cartridge was made of polyvinyl chloride with a thickness of 3 mm.

[0062] The central dispersion charge is 18 g of RDX explosive, and the secondary detonator is 160 g of TNT explosive; both the central dispersion charge and the secondary detonator are detonated by electric detonators, and the ignition delay time of the secondary detonator is 40 ms.

[0063] The cylindrical FAE cartridge case and secondary detonator are both fixed by a support, with their geometric centers 1.25 m above the ground. The geometric center distance between the FAE cartridge case and the secondary detonator is 1.5 m. The detonator-equipped explosive charge is connected inside the central tube of the cartridge case. The detonating wire and secondary detonator are then connected. The synchronizer is connected at detonation, and a time difference is set to ensure that the detonation cloud is ignited after the fuel is evenly dispersed.

[0064] Six test points were selected, with distances of 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 4 m, 5 m, and 6 m from the center of the explosive to the ground. Ground overpressure sensor 4 was used to measure the shock wave parameters of the explosion field.

[0065] The entire explosion process was recorded using a high-speed camera 3 (Fastcam Mini UX100, 2000 frames per second) and an infrared thermal imager 2 (FOTRIC A615, 50 frames per second), and the corresponding data were collected. A data acquisition unit was connected to each instrument to collect experimental data.

[0066] Table 1 shows the explosion pressure data of the test samples.

[0067] Test Project 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m Average peak pressure Explosion pressure (kPa) 180 120 70 40 25 15 75

[0068] Table 1

[0069] A high-speed video recorder (Fastcam MiniUX100, 2000 frames / second) was used to record the cloud diffusion process. Table 2 shows the cloud diameter, height, and volume data of the test sample at different times under the same driving energy. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0070] V = π × (D / 2 / 2) 2 ×H

[0071] Where: D is the diameter of the cloud / fog, H is the height of the cloud / fog, and V is the volume of the cloud / fog.

[0072] time / ms Cloud diameter / mm Cloud height / mm Cloud volume / m³ 5 2000 600 1.884 10 2500 800 3.927 15 2800 900 5.541 20 3000 1000 7.068 25 3100 1050 7.925 30 3200 1100 8.846

[0073] Table 2

[0074] Example 2

[0075] Formula composition:

[0076] Nano-sized aluminum powder (particle size 50nm-200nm): 400g;

[0077] Boron powder (particle size 1μm-10μm): 200g;

[0078] Ethylene oxide: 150g;

[0079] Propylene oxide: 150g;

[0080] Isopropyl nitrate: 60g;

[0081] Hydrogen peroxide (30% aqueous solution): 140g;

[0082] Zinc stearate: 30g;

[0083] Span-80: 15g;

[0084] Nanoscale titanium hydride (TiH2): 60g;

[0085] Ammonium nitrate: 50g;

[0086] Calcium carbonate: 40g.

[0087] Preparation process: Same as in Example 1. Explosion pressure test and thermal radiation test methods (experimental conditions are the same): Same as in Example 1.

[0088] Table 1 shows the explosion pressure data of the test samples.

[0089] Test Project 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m Average peak pressure Explosion pressure (kPa) 220 140 80 50 30 20 90

[0090] Table 1

[0091] A high-speed video recorder (Fastcam MiniUX100, 2000 frames / second) was used to record the cloud diffusion process. Table 2 shows the cloud diameter, height and volume data of the test sample at different times under the same driving energy.

[0092] time / ms Cloud diameter / mm Cloud height / mm Cloud volume / m³ 5 2200 650 2.470 10 2700 850 4.867 15 3000 950 6.715 20 3200 1050 8.444 25 3300 1100 9.408 30 3400 1150 10.441

[0093] Table 2

[0094] Example 3

[0095] Formula composition:

[0096] Nano-sized aluminum powder (particle size 50nm-200nm): 500g;

[0097] Boron powder (particle size 1μm-10μm): 300g;

[0098] Ethylene oxide: 100g;

[0099] Propylene oxide: 100g;

[0100] Isopropyl nitrate: 70g;

[0101] Hydrogen peroxide (30% aqueous solution): 130g;

[0102] Zinc stearate: 40g;

[0103] Span-80: 20g;

[0104] Nanoscale titanium hydride (TiH2): 70g;

[0105] Ammonium nitrate: 60g;

[0106] Calcium carbonate: 50g.

[0107] Preparation process: Same as in Example 1. Explosion pressure test and thermal radiation test methods (experimental conditions are the same): Same as in Example 1.

[0108] Table 1 shows the explosion pressure data of the test samples.

[0109] Test Project 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m Average peak pressure Explosion pressure (kPa) 250 160 90 60 35 25 103.33

[0110] Table 1

[0111] A high-speed video recorder (Fastcam MiniUX100, 2000 frames / second) was used to record the cloud diffusion process. Table 2 shows the cloud diameter, height and volume data of the test sample at different times under the same driving energy.

[0112] time / ms Cloud diameter / mm Cloud height / mm Cloud volume / m³ 5 2500 700 3.436 10 3000 900 6.361 15 3300 1000 8.552 20 3500 1100 10.583 25 3600 1150 11.705 30 3700 1200 12.902

[0113] Table 2

[0114] Example 4

[0115] Formula composition:

[0116] Nano-sized aluminum powder (particle size 50nm-200nm): 350g;

[0117] Boron powder (particle size 1μm-10μm): 150g;

[0118] Ethylene oxide: 250g;

[0119] Propylene oxide: 150g;

[0120] Isopropyl nitrate: 80g;

[0121] Hydrogen peroxide (30% aqueous solution): 120g;

[0122] Zinc stearate: 25g;

[0123] Span-80: 15g;

[0124] Nanoscale titanium hydride (TiH2): 80g;

[0125] Ammonium nitrate: 50g;

[0126] Calcium carbonate: 30g.

[0127] Preparation process: Same as in Example 1. Explosion pressure test and thermal radiation test methods (experimental conditions are the same): Same as in Example 1.

[0128] Table 1 shows the explosion pressure data of the test samples.

[0129] Test Project 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m Average peak pressure Explosion pressure (kPa) 200 130 75 45 30 20 83.33

[0130] Table 1

[0131] A high-speed video recorder (Fastcam MiniUX100, 2000 frames / second) was used to record the cloud diffusion process. Table 2 shows the cloud diameter, height and volume data of the test sample at different times under the same driving energy.

[0132] time / ms Cloud diameter / mm Cloud height / mm Cloud volume / m³ 5 2100 620 2.147 10 2600 820 4.353 15 2900 920 6.076 20 3100 1020 7.699 25 3200 1070 8.605 30 3300 1120 9.579

[0133] Table 2

[0134] Example 5

[0135] Formula composition:

[0136] Nano-sized aluminum powder (particle size 50nm-200nm): 450g;

[0137] Boron powder (particle size 1μm-10μm): 250g;

[0138] Ethylene oxide: 120g;

[0139] Propylene oxide: 180g;

[0140] Isopropyl nitrate: 90g;

[0141] Hydrogen peroxide (30% aqueous solution): 110g;

[0142] Zinc stearate: 35g;

[0143] Span-80: 25g;

[0144] Nanoscale titanium hydride (TiH2): 90g;

[0145] Ammonium nitrate: 70g;

[0146] Calcium carbonate: 40g.

[0147] Preparation process: Same as in Example 1. Explosion pressure test and thermal radiation test methods (experimental conditions are the same): Same as in Example 1.

[0148] Table 1 shows the explosion pressure data of the test samples.

[0149] Test Project 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m Average peak pressure Explosion pressure (kPa) 230 150 85 55 35 25 96.67

[0150] Table 1

[0151] A high-speed video recorder (Fastcam MiniUX100, 2000 frames / second) was used to record the cloud diffusion process. Table 2 shows the cloud diameter, height and volume data of the test sample at different times under the same driving energy.

[0152] time / ms Cloud diameter / mm Cloud height / mm Cloud volume / m³ 5 2400 680 3.076 10 2900 900 5.944 15 3200 1000 8.042 20 3400 1100 9.987 25 3500 1150 11.064 30 3600 1200 12.214

[0153] Table 2

[0154] The above embodiments demonstrate the preparation method and performance test results of solid-liquid mixed cloud explosive agents containing high-energy metal powder under different formulation ratios. The experimental data show that the cloud explosive agent has good explosive performance and cloud diffusion ability.

[0155] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-liquid hybrid explosive agent containing high-energy metal powder, characterized in that: It consists of the following components by weight percentage: Nano-grade aluminum powder: 30wt%-45wt%; Boron powder: 10wt%-25wt%; Liquid fuel: 20wt%-35wt%; Combustion accelerator composition: 10wt%-20wt%; Stabilizer: 1wt%-5wt%; Emulsifier: 1wt%-3wt%; High-energy additives: 5wt%-15wt%; Combustion regulator: 2wt%-8wt%; Desensitizing agent: 1wt%-5wt%.

2. The solid-liquid mixture cloud explosive agent containing high-energy metal powder as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion aid composition comprises isopropyl nitrate and hydrogen peroxide, wherein the mass ratio of isopropyl nitrate to hydrogen peroxide is 1:1 to 1:3; and the hydrogen peroxide is a 20-40 wt% aqueous solution.

3. The solid-liquid mixture cloud explosive agent containing high-energy metal powder as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The stabilizer is zinc stearate; the emulsifier is Span-80.

4. The solid-liquid mixture cloud explosive agent containing high-energy metal powder as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid fuel is a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and the mass ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide is 1:1.5 to 3:

1.

5. The solid-liquid mixture cloud explosive agent containing high-energy metal powder as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The high-energy additive is nano-sized titanium hydride TiH2; The combustion regulator is ammonium nitrate; The desensitizing agent is calcium carbonate.

6. The solid-liquid mixture cloud explosive agent containing high-energy metal powder as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the nano-sized aluminum powder is 50nm-200nm.

7. The solid-liquid mixture cloud explosive agent containing high-energy metal powder as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The boron powder has a particle size of 1μm-10μm.

8. A method for preparing a solid-liquid hybrid explosive agent containing high-energy metal powder as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: (1) Mix the liquid fuel and the combustion improver composition and stir until homogeneous; (2) Add nano-sized aluminum powder and boron powder, and use ultrasonic dispersion technology to ensure uniform dispersion of metal powder; (3) Add stabilizer and emulsifier, and continue stirring until completely dissolved; (4) Add high-energy additives, combustion regulators and desensitizers, and continue stirring until homogeneous; (5) The mixture is degassed under vacuum to obtain the final high-energy solid-liquid mixed cloud explosion agent.

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