High-light-transmittance composite glass fiber plate and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-light-transmittance composite glass fiber plate and a preparation method and application thereof.The high-light-transmittance composite glass fiber plate comprises a composite structure of a glass fiber composite material layer and an anti-reflection double coating, and the composite structure is formed by conducting surface treatment on the glass fiber composite material layer and then compounding the glass fiber composite material layer with the anti-reflection double coating; the glass fiber composite material layer comprises high-transmittance glass fiber cloth and a resin system; the volume percent of the high-transmittance glass fiber cloth in the glass fiber composite material layer is less than or equal to 50%; the resin system is prepared from the following raw materials: epoxy resin, a curing agent, a refractive index regulator and modified nano silicon dioxide; the anti-reflection double coating comprises a high-refractive-index layer and a low-refractive-index layer, the high-refractive-index layer is connected with the glass fiber composite material layer, and the high-light-transmittance composite glass fiber plate has the advantages of being light in weight, high in light transmittance and good in mechanical property.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panel technology, and in particular to a high light transmittance composite fiberglass panel, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With the development and progress of science and technology, human demand for energy is growing rapidly. Solar energy, as a renewable and clean energy source, has received widespread attention and research. Research and development on solar cells and their power generation components are also attracting increasing attention. The choice of photovoltaic encapsulation materials has a significant impact on the efficiency and lifespan of solar cells. Traditional photovoltaic front panels typically use glass as the main body. Glass has advantages such as high strength, good light transmittance, and low price; however, it is relatively heavy, has poor impact resistance, and lacks flexibility and toughness.

[0003] Some existing technologies use fiberglass composite materials as photovoltaic backsheets or frontsheets to improve impact resistance. These fiberglass composite materials are mostly prepared by combining glass fiber cloth and resin. However, due to the mismatch in refractive indices between the glass fiber cloth and the resin, they often suffer from low light transmittance.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a composite fiberglass board that is lightweight, has high light transmittance, and good mechanical properties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a high-transmittance composite fiberglass board, its preparation method, and its applications. The high-transmittance composite fiberglass board is characterized by its light weight, high transmittance, and good mechanical properties.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a high-transmittance composite fiberglass board, the high-transmittance composite fiberglass board comprising a composite structure of a fiberglass composite material layer and an antireflective double coating layer, the composite structure being formed by combining the fiberglass composite material layer with the antireflective double coating layer after surface treatment; the fiberglass composite material layer comprising high-transmittance glass fiber cloth and a resin system; the volume percentage of high-transmittance glass fiber cloth in the fiberglass composite material layer being ≤50% (e.g., 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or 45%, etc.); the raw materials for preparing the resin system comprising epoxy resin, curing agent, refractive index modifier, and modified nano-silica; the antireflective double coating layer comprising a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer, the high refractive index layer being connected to the fiberglass composite material layer.

[0008] In this invention, the antireflective double coating in the high-transmittance composite fiberglass board is based on the double-layer interference antireflection effect, which can effectively reduce light reflection and help increase light transmittance. The refractive index of the high-transmittance glass fiber cloth in the high-transmittance composite fiberglass board and the refractive index of the resin system are similar, and the absolute value of the difference between the refractive indices is small, which can achieve an absolute value of ≤0.02, which can effectively reduce the influence of refractive index difference on light transmittance. The combination of the antireflective double coating and the fiberglass composite material layer provides dual light management, which can significantly improve light transmittance. When applied to photovoltaic modules, it helps to improve the output power of photovoltaic modules.

[0009] Preferably, the volume percentage of high-transparency glass fiber cloth in the glass fiber composite layer is 20% to 50%.

[0010] In this invention, surface treatment of the glass fiber composite layer can effectively improve the bonding between the glass fiber composite layer and the high refractive index layer.

[0011] Preferably, the refractive index of the high-transparency glass fibers in the high-transparency glass fiber cloth is 1.55 to 1.58, such as 1.552, 1.555, 1.558, 1.561, 1.564, 1.567, 1.570, 1.573, 1.576 or 1.579.

[0012] Preferably, the glass fiber cloth comprises unidirectional glass fiber cloth or plain weave fiber cloth.

[0013] Preferably, the epoxy resin has a refractive index of 1.50 to 1.57, such as 1.51, 1.52, 1.53, 1.54, 1.55 or 1.56.

[0014] For example, the epoxy resin is epoxy resin E-51, and the refractive index of epoxy resin E-51 is 1.57.

[0015] Preferably, the curing agent includes methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MeHHPA) and / or modified amine curing agents.

[0016] For example, the refractive index of the methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride is 1.51.

[0017] Preferably, the modified nano-silica includes silane coupling agent modified nano-silica and / or plasma surface treated nano-silica.

[0018] Preferably, the plasma-treated nano-silica includes nano-silica treated with ammonia gas using plasma surface treatment.

[0019] In this invention, the plasma surface treatment using ammonia can introduce -NH2 active groups on the surface of nano-silica, and the modified layer is thin (<10nm), which will not have a significant impact on the particle size.

[0020] Preferably, the silane coupling agent comprises γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550) and / or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560).

[0021] In this invention, the modified nano-silica enables the refractive index of the resin system to approach that of glass fiber, reducing interfacial reflection loss. The modified nano-silica can be obtained by modifying the nano-silica with a silane coupling agent or through plasma surface treatment, which increases the dispersion uniformity of the nano-silica and prevents uneven light transmission caused by nano-silica agglomeration.

[0022] Preferably, the refractive index adjuster has a refractive index of 1.56 to 1.60, such as 1.565, 1.57, 1.575, 1.58, 1.585, 1.59 or 1.595.

[0023] Preferably, the refractive index modifier comprises any one or a combination of at least two of phenyl glycidyl ether, thiolated epoxy resin, or bisphenol A type phenolic epoxy resin.

[0024] In this invention, the refractive index modifier plays a role in adjusting the refractive index of the resin system. Adding the refractive index modifier can increase the refractive index of the resin system and reduce the difference between the refractive indices of the high-transparency glass fiber cloth and the resin system.

[0025] For example, the refractive index of the phenyl glycidyl ether is 1.56 to 1.58.

[0026] For example, the bisphenol A type phenolic epoxy resin is bisphenol A type phenolic epoxy resin EPON SU-8, and the refractive index of the bisphenol A type phenolic epoxy resin EPON SU-8 is 1.6.

[0027] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the resin system include the following components by weight: 80-85 parts of epoxy resin (e.g., 80.5 parts, 81 parts, 81.5 parts, 82 parts, 82.5 parts, 83 parts, 83.5 parts, 84 parts, or 84.5 parts, etc.), 15-20 parts of curing agent (e.g., 15.5 parts, 16 parts, 16.5 parts, 17 parts, 17.5 parts, 18 parts, 18.5 parts, 19 parts, or 19.5 parts, etc.), 1-5 parts of refractive index modifier (e.g., 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, 3.5 parts, 4 parts, or 4.5 parts, etc.), and 1-2 parts of modified nano-silica (e.g., 1.1 parts, 1.2 parts, 1.3 parts, 1.4 parts, 1.5 parts, 1.6 parts, 1.7 parts, 1.8 parts, or 1.9 parts, etc.).

[0028] In this invention, a resin system with a refractive index similar to that of high-transparency glass fiber cloth can be prepared by compounding epoxy resin, curing agent, refractive index modifier and modified nano-silica in specific weight proportions.

[0029] Preferably, the thickness of the high light transmittance composite fiberglass board is 0.1 to 0.4 mm, such as 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm or 0.35 mm.

[0030] Preferably, the high refractive index layer comprises a high refractive index material.

[0031] Preferably, the high refractive index material includes titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2).

[0032] Preferably, the low-refractive-index layer comprises a low-refractive-index material.

[0033] Preferably, the low refractive index material comprises porous silicon dioxide and / or magnesium fluoride.

[0034] Preferably, the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is 1.7 to 1.8 (e.g., 1.71, 1.72, 1.73, 1.74, 1.75, 1.76, 1.77, 1.78 or 1.79, etc.).

[0035] Preferably, the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is 1.3 to 1.4 (e.g., 1.31, 1.32, 1.33, 1.34, 1.35, 1.36, 1.37, 1.38 or 1.39, etc.).

[0036] In this invention, the refractive index of titanium dioxide is 2.3 to 2.7, and the refractive index of silicon dioxide is 1.4 to 1.5. A high refractive index layer with a refractive index of about 1.7 to 1.8 is formed by compounding titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide, thereby achieving a continuous refractive index gradient and reducing interface reflection. The refractive index of the porous silicon dioxide can be adjusted by its porosity.

[0037] Preferably, the thickness of the high refractive index layer is 50-100 nm, such as 55 nm, 60 nm, 65 nm, 70 nm, 75 nm, 80 nm, 85 nm, 90 nm or 95 nm.

[0038] Preferably, the thickness of the low refractive index layer is 80–150 nm, such as 90 nm, 100 nm, 110 nm, 120 nm, 130 nm, or 140 nm.

[0039] Preferably, the light transmittance of the high-transmittance composite fiberglass board is ≥92%, such as 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

[0040] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-transmittance composite fiberglass board as described in the first aspect, the method comprising the following steps: surface-treating a fiberglass composite material layer and then laminating it with an antireflective double coating layer to obtain the high-transmittance composite fiberglass board.

[0041] Preferably, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0042] (1) A resin liquid formed by mixing epoxy resin, curing agent, refractive index modifier and modified nano silica is combined with high-transparency glass fiber cloth and cured to obtain a glass fiber composite material layer.

[0043] (2) The glass fiber composite material layer is surface treated, and then a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer are prepared in sequence to obtain the high light transmittance composite glass fiber board.

[0044] In this invention, the composite process in step (1) can be carried out by impregnation or by coating the resin liquid onto the high-transparency glass fiber cloth.

[0045] Preferably, the surface treatment includes oxygen plasma treatment or chemical etching.

[0046] Preferably, the oxygen plasma treatment has a power of 50-200W (e.g., 70W, 90W, 110W, 130W, 150W, 170W or 190W) and a time of 3-10min (e.g., 4min, 5min, 6min, 7min, 8min or 9min).

[0047] Thirdly, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module comprising a high light transmittance composite fiberglass board as described in the first aspect.

[0048] Preferably, the photovoltaic module comprises a fluorine film layer, a first adhesive film layer, a high-transmittance composite fiberglass board layer, a second adhesive film layer, a battery cell layer, a third adhesive film layer, and an encapsulation backsheet layer, which are stacked sequentially.

[0049] Preferably, the fluorine film layer comprises any one or a combination of at least two of PVDF film, ETFE film, or PVF film.

[0050] Preferably, the first adhesive film layer, the second adhesive film layer, and the third adhesive film layer each independently include any one or a combination of at least two of POE adhesive film, EVA adhesive film, POE adhesive film, EPE adhesive film, or PVB adhesive film.

[0051] Preferably, the high light transmittance composite fiberglass board layer comprises the high light transmittance composite fiberglass board as described in the first aspect.

[0052] Preferably, the battery cell layer includes any one of TOPCon batteries, IBC batteries, or PERC batteries.

[0053] Preferably, the encapsulation backsheet layer comprises a PET film.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0055] The high-transmittance composite fiberglass board of this invention comprises a composite structure of a fiberglass composite material layer and an antireflective double coating layer. The composite structure is formed by combining the surface-treated fiberglass composite material layer with the antireflective double coating layer. The antireflective double coating layer comprises a high-refractive-index layer and a low-refractive-index layer. The high-refractive-index layer is connected to the fiberglass composite material layer, enabling the high-transmittance composite fiberglass board to achieve dual light management, significantly improving light transmittance while maintaining its lightweight and good mechanical properties. The light transmittance of the high-transmittance composite fiberglass board is ≥92%, more preferably ≥93%. Applying this high-transmittance composite fiberglass board to photovoltaic modules helps to improve the output power of the photovoltaic modules. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the high light transmittance composite fiberglass board provided in Example 1;

[0057] Among them, 10 is a glass fiber composite material layer; 20 is an antireflective double coating layer; 21 is a high refractive index layer; and 22 is a low refractive index layer. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the following examples are merely simplified examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is determined by the claims.

[0059] The following are some of the raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples:

[0060] High-transparency fiberglass cloth: Plain weave fiber cloth, in which the glass fiber used is E-glass (E-glass) with a refractive index of 1.558;

[0061] Epoxy resin E-51, refractive index 1.57;

[0062] Methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, with a refractive index of 1.51;

[0063] Modified amine curing agent, manufactured by Momentive, brand name EPIKURE. TM 3370, refractive index 1.55–1.57;

[0064] Phenyl glycidyl ether, with a refractive index of 1.56–1.58;

[0065] Bisphenol A type phenolic epoxy resin, manufactured by Hansen, brand name EPON SU-8, refractive index 1.6;

[0066] Nano silica, manufactured by Evonik, brand name: 200.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] This embodiment provides a high light transmittance composite fiberglass board and its preparation method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the high-transmittance composite fiberglass board includes a fiberglass composite material layer 10 and an antireflective double coating layer 20. The antireflective double coating layer 20 includes a high refractive index layer 21 and a low refractive index layer 22, with the high refractive index layer 21 connected to the fiberglass composite material layer 10. The thickness of the fiberglass composite material layer is 0.3 mm, the thickness of the high refractive index layer is 80 nm, and the thickness of the low refractive index layer is 110 nm.

[0069] The fiberglass composite material layer comprises high-transparency fiberglass cloth and a resin system. The raw materials for preparing the resin system include the following components by weight: 83 parts epoxy resin (epoxy resin E-51), 18 parts curing agent (methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride), 4 parts refractive index modifier (phenyl glycidyl ether), and 1.5 parts modified nano silica.

[0070] The modified nano-silica mentioned above was prepared by the following method: nano-silica (Evonik) was used to prepare the nano-silica. 200) is placed in a plasma chamber, and a reaction gas (ammonia) is introduced. It is treated at 80W power for 10 minutes to obtain the modified nano-silica.

[0071] The preparation method of the high light transmittance composite fiberglass board includes the following steps:

[0072] (1) A resin liquid formed by mixing epoxy resin, curing agent, refractive index modifier and modified nano silica is coated on high-transparency glass fiber cloth, cured at 80℃ for 2h, and then cured at 145℃ for 3h to obtain a glass fiber composite material layer. The volume percentage of high-transparency glass fiber cloth in the glass fiber composite material layer is 45%.

[0073] (2) The surface of the glass fiber composite material layer obtained in step (1) is subjected to oxygen plasma treatment. The oxygen plasma treatment power is 100W and the time is 5min. Then, a high refractive index material solution is spin-coated. The high refractive index material solution is composed of tetrabutyl titanate, tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol and chelating agent (acetylacetone) in a molar ratio of 1:1:8:0.1. It is dried at 80℃ for 10min and then cured at 150℃ for 1h to form a high refractive index layer. A low refractive index material solution is sprayed on the high refractive index layer. The low refractive index material solution includes tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol, ammonia (concentration of 25wt%), water and pore-forming agent (PEG-2000). The mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol, ammonia (concentration of 25wt%) and water is 1:4:0.1:2. The mass concentration of pore-forming agent (PEG-2000) in the low refractive index material solution is 5wt%. It is dried at 80℃ for 1h to form a low refractive index layer and obtain the high light transmittance composite glass fiber board.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] This embodiment provides a high light transmittance composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the raw materials for preparing the resin system include the following components by weight: 85 parts epoxy resin (epoxy resin E-51), 20 parts curing agent (methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride), 5 parts refractive index modifier (phenyl glycidyl ether), and 2 parts modified nano silica. Other conditions are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] This embodiment provides a high light transmittance composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the raw materials for preparing the resin system include the following components by weight: 80 parts epoxy resin (epoxy resin E-51), 15 parts curing agent (modified amine curing agent), 3 parts refractive index modifier (phenyl glycidyl ether), and 1 part modified nano silica. Other conditions are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] This embodiment provides a high light transmittance composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that 4 parts by weight of the refractive index modifier (phenyl glycidyl ether) are replaced with 2 parts by weight of the refractive index modifier (bisphenol A type phenolic epoxy resin). Other conditions are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0080] Example 5

[0081] This embodiment provides a high light transmittance composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the volume percentage of high light transmittance glass fiber cloth in the fiberglass composite material layer in step (1) of the preparation method is adjusted to 10%, while other conditions are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0082] Example 6

[0083] This embodiment provides a high light transmittance composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the weight of modified nano-silica in the raw materials for preparing the resin system is adjusted to 0.5 parts, while other conditions are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0084] Example 7

[0085] This embodiment provides a high light transmittance composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the weight of modified nano-silica in the raw materials for preparing the resin system is adjusted to 3 parts, while other conditions are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0086] Comparative Example 1

[0087] This comparative example provides a composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the refractive index modifier (phenyl glycidyl ether) is not added to the raw materials for preparing the resin system, while other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0088] Comparative Example 2

[0089] This comparative example provides a composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the volume percentage of high-transparency glass fiber cloth in the fiberglass composite material layer in step (1) of the preparation method is adjusted to 60%, while other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0090] Comparative Example 3

[0091] This comparative example provides a high light transmittance composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that step (2) in the preparation method does not include the oxygen plasma treatment step, while other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0092] Comparative Example 4

[0093] This comparative example provides a high-transmittance composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the modified nano-silica is replaced with the same mass of nano-silica, while the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0094] Comparative Example 5

[0095] This comparative example provides a composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the composite fiberglass board does not include an antireflective double coating, and the preparation method does not include step (2). Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0096] Comparative Example 6

[0097] This comparative example provides a composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the composite fiberglass board does not include a low refractive index layer, and step (2) of the preparation method does not include the step of spraying a low refractive index material solution. Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0098] Comparative Example 7

[0099] This comparative example provides a composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the composite fiberglass board does not include a high refractive index layer, and step (2) of the preparation method does not include the step of spin-coating a high refractive index material solution. Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0100] Comparative Example 8

[0101] This embodiment provides a composite fiberglass board and its preparation method. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the composite fiberglass board does not include an antireflective double coating, the preparation method does not include step (2), and the raw materials for the preparation of the resin system do not include refractive index regulators and modified nano-silica. Other conditions are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0102] Application Example 1

[0103] This application example provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a fluorine film layer, a first encapsulant film layer, a high light transmittance composite fiberglass board layer, a second encapsulant film layer, a solar cell layer, a third encapsulant film layer, and an encapsulation backsheet layer stacked sequentially.

[0104] The fluorine film layer is a PVDF film with a thickness of 0.025 mm.

[0105] The first, second, and third adhesive film layers are all POE adhesive films with a thickness of 0.6 mm.

[0106] The high light transmittance composite fiberglass board layer is the high light transmittance composite fiberglass board provided in Example 1.

[0107] The battery cell layer is a TOPCon battery with a thickness of 0.130 mm.

[0108] The encapsulation backsheet layer is a PET film with a thickness of 0.58 mm.

[0109] Application Examples 2-7

[0110] This application example provides a photovoltaic module, which differs from Application Example 1 only in that the high light transmittance composite fiberglass board provided in Example 1 is replaced with the high light transmittance composite fiberglass board provided in Examples 2 to 7, while other conditions are the same as in Application Example 1.

[0111] Comparative Application Examples 1-8

[0112] This comparative application example provides a photovoltaic module, which differs from Application Example 1 only in that the high light transmittance composite fiberglass board provided in Example 1 is replaced with the composite fiberglass board provided in Comparative Examples 1 to 8, while other conditions are the same as in Application Example 1.

[0113] Performance testing

[0114] (1) Light transmittance in the 400-800nm ​​band: The light transmittance of the high transmittance composite fiberglass boards provided in Examples 1-7 and the composite fiberglass boards provided in Comparative Examples 1-8 was measured in the 400-800nm ​​band using a spectrophotometer, and the percentage increase in light transmittance based on the composite fiberglass board provided in Comparative Example 8 was calculated.

[0115] (2) Tensile strength: Tensile strength test was conducted in accordance with GB / T 1447-2005.

[0116] (3) Photovoltaic module power: Under the same illumination conditions, the photovoltaic modules provided in Application Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Application Examples 1 to 8 were tested by an IV tester to obtain the output power of the photovoltaic modules and calculate the power change rate based on the photovoltaic module provided in Comparative Application Example 8.

[0117] The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0118] Table 1

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] Table 2

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] As can be seen from the test results in Tables 1 and 2, the high transmittance composite fiberglass panels provided in Examples 1 to 7 have a light transmittance of ≥92% in the 400-800nm ​​wavelength band. Compared with the composite fiberglass panel provided in Comparative Example 8, the light transmittance is significantly improved. The photovoltaic modules provided in Examples 1 to 7 have a power of ≥106W. Compared with the photovoltaic modules provided in Comparative Example 8, the output power is increased by ≥4.8%.

[0125] In Example 1, the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the high-transmittance glass fiber cloth and the refractive index of the resin system is 0.01, which is small; the refractive index of the high-refractive-index layer is 1.75; the refractive index of the low-refractive-index layer is 1.25. The resulting high-transmittance composite glass fiber board has high light transmittance, and the photovoltaic module made from it has high power.

[0126] Compared with Example 1, if the volume percentage of high-transmittance glass fiber cloth in the glass fiber composite layer is low (Example 5), the tensile strength of the high-transmittance composite glass fiber board will decrease significantly.

[0127] Compared with Example 1, if the weight percentage of modified nano-silica in the raw materials for preparing the resin system is too low (Example 6), the interfacial reinforcement effect is weakened, the bonding force between the glass fiber and the resin system decreases, and the light transmittance and mechanical properties of the resulting high-transmittance composite glass fiber board decrease. If the weight percentage of modified nano-silica in the raw materials for preparing the resin system is too high (Example 7), the scattering of nanoparticles increases, the dispersion difficulty increases, and the agglomeration intensifies, leading to a decrease in light transmittance. Therefore, it can be seen that by controlling the weight percentage of modified nano-silica in the raw materials for preparing the resin system within a specific range, the present invention produces a high-transmittance composite glass fiber board with better performance.

[0128] Compared with Example 1, if no refractive index modifier (Comparative Example 1) is added to the raw materials for preparing the resin system, the refractive index will be mismatched, and the light transmittance of the resulting composite fiberglass board will decrease.

[0129] Compared with Example 1, if the volume percentage of high-transmittance glass fiber cloth in the glass fiber composite layer is too high (Comparative Example 2), the light transmittance and toughness of the resulting composite glass fiber board will decrease.

[0130] Compared with Example 1, if step (2) in the preparation method does not include the oxygen plasma treatment step (Comparative Example 3), the interfacial bonding strength decreases, the light transmittance decreases, and the risk of delamination of the resulting composite fiberglass board in a humid and hot environment increases.

[0131] Compared with Example 1, if the nano-silica is not modified (Comparative Example 4), the nano-silica particles are prone to agglomeration, which hinders resin flow, increases the difficulty of dispersion, and reduces light transmittance.

[0132] Compared to Example 1, if the composite fiberglass board does not include an anti-reflective double coating (Comparative Example 5), the light transmittance decreases.

[0133] Compared with Example 1, if the composite fiberglass board does not include a low refractive index layer (Comparative Example 6) or does not include a high refractive index layer (Comparative Example 7), the double-layer interference anti-reflection principle fails, and a significant increase in transmittance cannot be achieved, resulting in a decrease in light transmittance.

[0134] Compared with Example 1, if the composite fiberglass board does not include an antireflective double coating and the raw materials for preparing the resin system do not contain refractive index modifiers and nano-silica (Comparative Example 8), the composite fiberglass board has lower light transmittance in the 400-800nm ​​wavelength range, and the photovoltaic modules made from it also have lower power.

[0135] The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention fall within the protection and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high light transmittance composite fiberglass board, characterized in that, The high light transmittance composite fiberglass board includes a composite structure of a fiberglass composite material layer and an anti-reflective double coating layer. The composite structure is formed by combining the fiberglass composite material layer with the anti-reflective double coating layer after surface treatment. The fiberglass composite material layer comprises high-transparency fiberglass cloth and a resin system; the volume percentage of high-transparency fiberglass cloth in the fiberglass composite material layer is ≤50%; The raw materials for preparing the resin system include epoxy resin, curing agent, refractive index modifier and modified nano-silica; The antireflective double coating includes a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer, wherein the high refractive index layer is connected to the glass fiber composite material layer.

2. The high light transmittance composite fiberglass board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface treatment includes oxygen plasma treatment or chemical etching; Preferably, the refractive index of the high-transparency glass fibers in the high-transparency glass fiber cloth is 1.55 to 1.58; Preferably, the glass fiber cloth comprises unidirectional glass fiber cloth or plain weave fiber cloth.

3. The high light transmittance composite fiberglass board according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The epoxy resin has a refractive index of 1.50 to 1.57; Preferably, the curing agent includes methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride and / or modified amine curing agents.

4. The high light transmittance composite fiberglass board according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The modified nano silica includes silane coupling agent modified nano silica and / or plasma surface treated nano silica; Preferably, the plasma-treated nano-silica includes nano-silica treated with ammonia gas using plasma surface treatment.

5. The high light transmittance composite fiberglass board according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The refractive index of the refractive index adjuster is 1.56 to 1.60; Preferably, the refractive index modifier comprises any one or a combination of at least two of phenyl glycidyl ether, thiolated epoxy resin, or bisphenol A type phenolic epoxy resin.

6. The high light transmittance composite fiberglass board according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the resin system include the following components by weight: 80-85 parts epoxy resin, 15-20 parts curing agent, 1-5 parts refractive index modifier, and 1-2 parts modified nano-silica. Preferably, the thickness of the glass fiber composite material layer is 0.1 to 0.4 mm.

7. The high light transmittance composite fiberglass board according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The high refractive index layer comprises a high refractive index material; Preferably, the high refractive index material includes titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide; Preferably, the low-refractive-index layer comprises a low-refractive-index material; Preferably, the low refractive index material comprises porous silica and / or magnesium fluoride; Preferably, the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is 1.7 to 1.8; Preferably, the refractive index of the low-refractive-index layer is 1.3 to 1.4; Preferably, the thickness of the high refractive index layer is 50–100 nm; Preferably, the thickness of the low refractive index layer is 80–150 nm; Preferably, the light transmittance of the high-transmittance composite fiberglass board is ≥92%.

8. A method for preparing a high-transmittance composite fiberglass board as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: after surface treatment of the glass fiber composite material layer, it is laminated with an anti-reflective double coating layer to obtain the high light transmittance composite glass fiber board.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) A resin liquid formed by mixing epoxy resin, curing agent, refractive index modifier and modified nano-silica is combined with high-transparency glass fiber cloth and cured to obtain a glass fiber composite material layer. (2) The glass fiber composite material layer is surface treated, and then a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer are prepared in sequence to obtain the high light transmittance composite glass fiber board; Preferably, the surface treatment includes oxygen plasma treatment or chemical etching; Preferably, the oxygen plasma treatment has a power of 50–200 W and a duration of 3–10 min.

10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a high-transmittance composite fiberglass board as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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