Vibration and noise reduction rubber base plate with high damping and low dynamic-static ratio as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rubber base plates, and provides a vibration and noise reduction rubber base plate with high damping and low dynamic-static ratio as well as a preparation method and application thereof.The vibration and noise reduction rubber base plate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25-50 parts of natural rubber, 45-65 parts of halogenated butyl rubber, 6-12 parts of epoxy natural rubber, 40-50 parts of a reinforcing agent, 9-15 parts of p-tert-octyl bromide phenolic curing resin and 4-6 parts of zinc oxide; 1-3 parts of stearic acid, 3.4-4.5 parts of an anti-aging agent, 3-5 parts of a silane coupling agent, 4-5 parts of an accelerant and 0.8-1.2 parts of sulfur. The rubber base plate has the characteristics of high frequency, high damping, low dynamic-static ratio and excellent anti-fatigue performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rubber pad technology, and relates to a high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static ratio vibration-reducing and noise-reducing rubber pad, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The core function of rubber bearing pads is to support the rails and sleepers and smoothly transfer the static load of the train to the foundation structure. When a train is running, different vibrations occur under different conditions: when wheels pass over rail joints or uneven sections of the track, relatively low-frequency impact loads are generated; when the train travels at high speed, the contact surface between the wheels and the rails induces high-frequency vibrations (typically between several hundred Hz and several thousand Hz), which are the main source of rolling noise. Specifically, high-frequency vibrations are related to the core objective of vibration reduction and noise reduction, thus requiring high-frequency, high-damping characteristics to efficiently dissipate vibration energy and suppress noise generation and propagation; while low-frequency vibrations directly affect the train's passability, requiring a low dynamic-to-static ratio: a low dynamic-to-static ratio ensures smooth train operation and avoids a sharp increase in dynamic stiffness that could affect driving safety.

[0003] As railway transportation develops towards high speed and heavy load, the limitations of traditional rubber materials (natural rubber NR, butadiene rubber BR, and styrene-butadiene rubber SBR) in vibration reduction and noise reduction performance are becoming increasingly apparent: although natural rubber has high elasticity and excellent fatigue resistance, it has poor ozone aging resistance and insufficient efficiency in dissipating vibration energy; butadiene rubber has outstanding low heat generation characteristics, but due to its weak self-adhesion and insufficient damping performance, it is difficult to suppress high-frequency noise; styrene-butadiene rubber has excellent wear resistance, but its dynamic heat generation is high, and long-term use can easily accelerate material aging.

[0004] In contrast, butyl rubber, with its excellent damping properties and extremely low gas permeability, has been widely used in high-efficiency vibration reduction, noise reduction, and sealing applications, such as tire inner tubes, damping vibration isolators, building seismic isolation bearings, pharmaceutical bottle stoppers, and gas mask seals. Natural rubber, on the other hand, has slightly inferior damping properties but outstanding elasticity, exhibiting rapid rebound after deformation under stress.

[0005] For example, Chinese patent application CN103194010A discloses a damping material based on a blend of butyl rubber and natural rubber, and its preparation method. This method significantly improves the damping performance of natural rubber by adding butyl rubber, while ensuring good mechanical properties, thus obtaining a practical damping material with superior performance over a wide temperature range. However, it does not address the dynamic-to-static stiffness ratio. Chinese patent application CN118702973A discloses a highly flame-retardant elevator damping pad and its preparation method. By mass, its raw materials include the following components: 81-95 parts natural rubber, 55-95 parts chlorinated butyl rubber, 11-45 parts epoxidized natural rubber, and 9-33 parts rubber reinforcing agent. This application describes a process where chlorinated butyl rubber and epoxidized natural rubber are placed in a mixer at a mass ratio of (3-8):(2-5), and the internal temperature of the mixer is controlled at 30-42℃. The mixture is then stirred for 6-13 minutes at this temperature. Natural rubber is then added to the mixer at a mass ratio of (3-8):(2-5):(1-3) to the previously added chlorinated butyl rubber and epoxidized natural rubber. The temperature of the mixer is controlled at 40-53℃, and the mixture is stirred for 11-18 minutes to form a compound. This compound combines the advantages of the three types of rubber, resulting in elevator damping pads with better shock absorption and excellent aging resistance. However, the solution disclosed in this patent application does not address how to simultaneously meet the requirements of existing rubber pads for damping and dynamic / static stiffness ratios. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention proposes a high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static ratio vibration-reducing and noise-reducing rubber pad, its preparation method, and its application. The rubber pad has the characteristics of high damping and low dynamic-to-static ratio.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: Technical Topic 1 A high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-reducing and noise-reducing rubber pad, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 25-50 parts natural rubber, 45-65 parts halogenated butyl rubber, 6-12 parts epoxy natural rubber, 40-50 parts reinforcing agent, 9-15 parts brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate, 4-6 parts zinc oxide, 1-3 parts stearic acid, 3.4-4.5 parts antioxidant, 3-5 parts silane coupling agent, 4-5 parts accelerator, and 0.8-1.2 parts sulfur.

[0008] Preferably, the halogenated butyl rubber is chlorinated butyl rubber and / or brominated butyl rubber.

[0009] Preferably, the halogenated butyl rubber is chlorinated butyl rubber.

[0010] Preferably, by weight, the raw materials include: 25-50 parts natural rubber, 45-55 parts chlorinated butyl rubber, 6-12 parts epoxy natural rubber, 40-50 parts reinforcing agent, 9-15 parts brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate, 4-6 parts zinc oxide, 1-3 parts stearic acid, 3.4-4.5 parts antioxidant, 3-5 parts silane coupling agent, 4-5 parts accelerator, and 0.8-1.2 parts sulfur.

[0011] Preferably, by weight, the raw materials include: 25-50 parts natural rubber, 55-65 parts brominated butyl rubber, 6-12 parts epoxy natural rubber, 40-50 parts reinforcing agent, 9-15 parts brominated p-tert-octylphenolic vulcanizing resin, 4-6 parts zinc oxide, 1-3 parts stearic acid, 3.4-4.5 parts antioxidant, 3-5 parts silane coupling agent, 4-5 parts accelerator, and 0.8-1.2 parts sulfur.

[0012] Preferably, the silane coupling agent is selected from one or more of silane coupling agents Si-69, KH550, and KH560.

[0013] Preferably, the silane coupling agent is composed of 1.5-2.5 parts of silane coupling agent Si-69 and 1.5-2.5 parts of silane coupling agent KH560 by mass.

[0014] Preferably, the reinforcing agent is selected from one or more of carbon black N330, kaolin, and fumed silica.

[0015] Preferably, the reinforcing agent is composed of 10-14 parts carbon black N330, 8-14 parts kaolin, and 18-22 parts fumed silica by mass.

[0016] Preferably, the antioxidant is selected from one or more of antioxidants TMQ, antioxidant H71, and antioxidant 4010NA.

[0017] Preferably, the antioxidant is composed of 1.2-1.6 parts of antioxidant TMQ, 1 part of antioxidant H71 and 1.2-1.6 parts of antioxidant 4010NA by weight.

[0018] Preferably, the accelerator is selected from one or more of accelerators DTDM, TMTD, CZ, and DM.

[0019] Preferably, the accelerator is composed of 1.2-1.6 parts of accelerator DTDM, 0.2-0.4 parts of accelerator TMTD, 2.3-2.6 parts of accelerator CZ and 0.3-0.6 parts of accelerator DM by mass.

[0020] Preferably, the particle size of the fumed silica is 10~40nm.

[0021] Preferably, the epoxy content of the epoxy natural rubber is 20% to 60%.

[0022] Preferably, the grade of the natural rubber is selected from one or more of RSS3, RSS2 and RSS1.

[0023] Preferably, the chlorine content of chlorinated butyl rubber is 1.15%~1.3%, and the bromine content of brominated butyl rubber is 1.9%~2.1%.

[0024] Preferably, the brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde resin has a hydroxymethyl content of 9.5%-13.0% and a bromine content of 4.8%-7.0%.

[0025] Technical Theme Two The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad, comprising the following steps: A. Step-by-step mixing The reinforcing agent, antioxidant, silane coupling agent, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur are divided into two parts, namely, the reinforcing agent, antioxidant, silane coupling agent, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur are divided into two parts and added to the mixing process of halogenated butyl rubber and the mixing process of natural rubber and epoxy natural rubber respectively. Halogenated butyl rubber is blended with the reinforcing agent, antioxidant and silane coupling agent in Part 1 through a mixer. After the mixture is evenly blended, the rubber compound is cooled for 4 hours. After cooling, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur in Part 1 are added through a two-roll mill. After the mixture is evenly blended, rubber sheets are produced to obtain CIIR compound. Natural rubber and epoxy natural rubber are blended with the reinforcing agent, antioxidant and silane coupling agent in Part 2 through a mixer. After the mixture is evenly blended, the rubber compound is cooled for 4 hours. After cooling, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur in Part 2 are added through a two-roll mill. After the mixture is evenly blended, rubber sheets are produced to obtain NR compound. B. Blending Processing Add the CIIR compound, NR compound and brominated p-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizing resin obtained in step A into a mixer, control the temperature to ≤90℃ during the process, mix for 5-10 minutes, discharge temperature ≤100℃, and after uniform mixing, use a two-roll mill to pass out thin sheets of rubber to obtain the compound. C. Vulcanization The rubber compound to be vulcanized is obtained by placing it in a flat vulcanizing machine for vulcanization.

[0026] Preferably, the mass ratio of the first part to the second part is 1:1.

[0027] Preferably, the mixing temperature in step A is 130±5℃.

[0028] Preferably, the temperature of the open mill in step A is 60±5℃.

[0029] Preferably, in step C, the vulcanization temperature is 160±2℃, the vulcanization time is 12±1min, and the vulcanization pressure is 15±2MPa.

[0030] Technical Theme 3 This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned high-damping, low dynamic-to-static ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pads in high-speed railways, railway lines, bridges and turnouts.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the present invention using the above technical solution are as follows: 1. The rubber pad of this invention, through blending modification, process improvement, and nano-reinforcement technology, can overcome the bottlenecks of butyl rubber pads in terms of dynamic performance, processing efficiency, and cost, and achieves low dynamic-static stiffness ratio, high frequency and high damping, and long life characteristics, meeting the high-end demand for vibration reduction and noise reduction materials in railway, construction and other fields, and has broad application prospects.

[0032] 2. The high-damping, low dynamic-to-static ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad provided by this invention is a high-performance vibration-damping and noise-reducing product for railways, primarily composed of chlorinated butyl rubber. Leveraging the highly saturated structure of the isobutylene main chain, it exhibits unique damping performance advantages: in the typical high-frequency vibration range of rail transit (above 200Hz), its high damping characteristics effectively suppress wheel-rail noise; simultaneously, it maintains a low dynamic-to-static stiffness ratio, ensuring the stiffness stability of the track structure under train loads and preventing a sharp increase in dynamic stiffness from affecting train safety. In the typical high-frequency vibration range of rail transit (above 200Hz), its outstanding high damping characteristics efficiently absorb wheel-rail vibration energy. On the one hand, it directly weakens the transmission of vibration to the environment, thereby effectively suppressing wheel-rail noise; on the other hand, by significantly reducing the high-frequency vibration excitation at the wheel-rail contact interface, it can delay or even block the generation and development of wavy wear on the rail surface (i.e., "rail corrugation"), significantly extending the service life of the rail.

[0033] 3. This invention achieves a breakthrough in the multi-dimensional performance of rubber pads: Compared with traditional rubber pads (NR / SBR / BR): While maintaining the same mechanical strength (tensile strength ≥15MPa, coefficient of friction ≥0.8), high frequency, high damping, and low dynamic-to-static ratio are achieved through formulation and process optimization, ensuring the safety of butyl rubber pads at low frequencies (dynamic-to-static ratio ≤1.5) and vibration reduction and noise reduction effects at high frequencies.

[0034] Compared to traditional butyl rubber (IIR): Compared to pure butyl rubber products, while ensuring good anti-aging properties, the compression set is ≤20%, and the performance degradation is less after 3 million fatigue tests.

[0035] The process differs from conventional butyl rubber products: it adopts a high-efficiency vulcanization system and a step-by-step pre-vulcanization mixing process, which allows the product to achieve rapid vulcanization at 160℃ while maintaining damping performance, thus greatly improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] Figure 1 The data are spectral analysis data from actual applications of conventional rubber pads and rubber pads prepared in Example 1.

[0038] Figure 2 The figures show the rail corrugation of existing conventional rubber pads and the rubber pads prepared in Example 1 after 50 days of rail grinding and laying. In the figures, A represents the rail corrugation of existing conventional rubber pads after 50 days of rail grinding and laying, and B represents the rail corrugation of the rubber pads prepared in Example 1 after 50 days of rail grinding and laying.

[0039] Figure 3 The diagram shows the rail corrugation when the existing conventional rubber pads and the pads of Example 1 are laid. In the diagram, A represents the rail corrugation when the existing conventional rubber pads are laid in an unpolished section, and B represents the rail corrugation after the existing conventional rubber pads are replaced with the rubber pads of Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental or testing methods involved in the embodiments of this invention are conventional methods in the prior art, and their names and / or abbreviations are conventional names in the art, clearly defined in their respective fields of application. Those skilled in the art can understand the conventional process steps based on these names and apply the corresponding equipment, implementing them under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The various instruments, equipment, raw materials, or reagents used in the embodiments of this invention are not subject to any special restrictions on their source; they are all conventional products that can be purchased through legitimate commercial channels and can be prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0042] In the following examples and comparative examples, the specific surface area (BET method) of fumed silica was 80-120 m² / g, and the nano-sized AEROSIL R202 with a particle size of 10-40 nm was purchased from Evonik Degussa GmbH, Germany.

[0043] The grade of natural rubber is RSS3.

[0044] The grade of chlorinated butyl rubber is Exxon 1066 from the United States.

[0045] The grade of brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde resin is HY-2055.

[0046] Example 1 A high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-reducing and noise-reducing rubber pad, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 38 parts natural rubber RSS3, 50 parts chlorinated butyl rubber 1066, 12 parts epoxy natural rubber ENR50, 42 parts reinforcing agent, 12 parts brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate HY 2055, 5 parts zinc oxide, 2 parts stearic acid, 4 parts antioxidant, 4 parts silane coupling agent, 4.8 parts accelerator, and 1 part sulfur (masterbatch S-80); wherein the reinforcing agent consists of 12 parts carbon black N330, 10 parts kaolin, and 20 parts fumed silica; the antioxidant consists of 1.5 parts antioxidant TMQ, 1 part antioxidant H71, and 1.5 parts antioxidant 4010NA; the silane coupling agent consists of 2 parts silane coupling agent Si-69 and silane coupling agent KH560. Composition: 2 parts; the accelerator consists of 1.5 parts DTDM, 0.3 parts TMTD, 2.5 parts CZ and 0.5 parts DM.

[0047] The preparation method of this high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-reducing and noise-reducing rubber pad is a step-by-step pre-vulcanization mixing method, which includes the following steps: A. Step-by-step mixing The reinforcing agent, antioxidant, silane coupling agent, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur are divided into a first part and a second part, with a mass ratio of 1:1 between the first part and the second part; Chlorinated butyl rubber was blended with the reinforcing agent, antioxidant and silane coupling agent in Part 1 through an internal mixer at a mixing temperature of 130°C. After the mixture was uniformly blended, the rubber compound was cooled for 4 hours. After cooling, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur in Part 1 were added through a two-roll mill at a temperature of 60°C. After the mixture was uniformly blended, rubber sheets were produced to obtain CIIR compound. Natural rubber and epoxy natural rubber are blended with the reinforcing agent, antioxidant and silane coupling agent in Part 2 through an internal mixer at a mixing temperature of 130°C. After the mixture is evenly blended, the rubber compound is cooled for 4 hours. After cooling, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur in Part 2 are added through a two-roll mill at a temperature of 60°C. After the mixture is evenly blended, rubber sheets are produced to obtain NR compound. B. Blending Processing The CIIR compound, NR compound and brominated p-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizing resin obtained in step A are added to an internal mixer. During the process, the temperature is controlled to be ≤90℃, the mixing time is 8min, the discharge temperature is ≤100℃, and after uniform mixing, the rubber sheet is thinly passed out using a two-roll mill to obtain the compound. C. Vulcanization The rubber compound to be vulcanized is obtained by placing it in a flat vulcanizing machine for vulcanization treatment. The vulcanization temperature is 160℃, the vulcanization time is 12min, and the vulcanization pressure is 15MPa.

[0048] Example 2 A high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-reducing and noise-reducing rubber pad, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 35 parts natural rubber RSS3, 55 parts chlorinated butyl rubber 1066, 10 parts epoxy natural rubber ENR50, 40 parts reinforcing agent, 15 parts brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate HY 2055, 4 parts zinc oxide, 3 parts stearic acid, 3.8 parts antioxidant, 4 parts silane coupling agent, 4.5 parts accelerator, and 0.8 parts sulfur (masterbatch S-80); wherein the reinforcing agent consists of 10 parts carbon black N330, 8 parts kaolin, and 22 parts fumed silica; the antioxidant consists of 1.2 parts antioxidant TMQ, 1 part antioxidant H71, and 1.6 parts antioxidant 4010NA; the silane coupling agent consists of 1.5 parts silane coupling agent Si-69 and silane coupling agent KH560. Composition: 2.5 parts; the accelerator consists of 1.2 parts accelerator DTDM, 0.4 parts accelerator TMTD, 2.3 parts accelerator CZ and 0.6 parts accelerator DM.

[0049] The preparation method of this high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad includes the following steps: A. Step-by-step mixing The reinforcing agent, antioxidant, silane coupling agent, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur are divided into a first part and a second part, with a mass ratio of 1:1 between the first part and the second part; Chlorinated butyl rubber was blended with the reinforcing agent, antioxidant and silane coupling agent in Part 1 through an internal mixer at a mixing temperature of 135°C. After the mixture was uniformly blended, the rubber compound was cooled for 4 hours. After cooling, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur in Part 1 were added through a two-roll mill at a temperature of 55°C. After the mixture was uniformly blended, rubber sheets were produced to obtain CIIR compound. Natural rubber and epoxy natural rubber were blended with the reinforcing agent, antioxidant and silane coupling agent in Part 2 through an internal mixer at a mixing temperature of 135°C. After the mixture was uniformly blended, the rubber compound was cooled for 4 hours. After cooling, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur in Part 2 were added through a two-roll mill at a temperature of 55°C. After the mixture was uniformly blended, rubber sheets were produced to obtain NR compound. B. Blending Processing The CIIR compound, NR compound and brominated p-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizing resin obtained in step A are added to an internal mixer. During the process, the temperature is controlled to be ≤90℃, and the mixture is mixed for 5 minutes. The discharge temperature is ≤100℃. After the mixture is uniform, the rubber sheet is thinly passed out using a two-roll mill to obtain the compound. C. Vulcanization The rubber compound to be vulcanized is obtained by placing it in a flat vulcanizing machine for vulcanization treatment. The vulcanization temperature is 160℃, the vulcanization time is 12min, and the vulcanization pressure is 15MPa.

[0050] Example 3 A high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-reducing and noise-reducing rubber pad, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 49 parts natural rubber RSS3, 47 parts chlorinated butyl rubber 1066, 8 parts epoxy natural rubber ENR50, 40 parts reinforcing agent, 9 parts brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate HY 2055, 6 parts zinc oxide, 1 part stearic acid, 3.8 parts antioxidant, 4 parts silane coupling agent, 4.7 parts accelerator, and 1.2 parts sulfur (masterbatch S-80); wherein the reinforcing agent consists of 10 parts carbon black N330, 12 parts kaolin, and 18 parts fumed silica; the antioxidant consists of 1.6 parts antioxidant TMQ, 1 part antioxidant H71, and 1.2 parts antioxidant 4010NA; the silane coupling agent consists of 2.5 parts silane coupling agent Si-69 and silane coupling agent KH560. The composition consists of 1.5 parts; the accelerator is composed of 1.6 parts of accelerator DTDM, 0.2 parts of accelerator TMTD, 2.6 parts of accelerator CZ and 0.3 parts of accelerator DM.

[0051] The preparation method of this high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad includes the following steps: A. Step-by-step mixing The reinforcing agent, antioxidant, silane coupling agent, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur are divided into a first part and a second part, with a mass ratio of 1:1 between the first part and the second part; Chlorinated butyl rubber was blended with the reinforcing agent, antioxidant and silane coupling agent in Part 1 through an internal mixer at a mixing temperature of 125°C. After the mixture was uniformly blended, the rubber compound was cooled for 4 hours. After cooling, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur in Part 1 were added through a two-roll mill at a temperature of 65°C. After the mixture was uniformly blended, rubber sheets were produced to obtain CIIR compound. Natural rubber and epoxy natural rubber are blended with the reinforcing agent, antioxidant and silane coupling agent in Part 2 through an internal mixer at a mixing temperature of 125°C. After the mixture is evenly blended, the rubber compound is cooled for 4 hours. After cooling, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur in Part 2 are added through a two-roll mill at a temperature of 65°C. After the mixture is evenly blended, rubber sheets are produced to obtain NR compound. B. Blending Processing The CIIR compound, NR compound and brominated p-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizing resin obtained in step A are added to an internal mixer. During the process, the temperature is controlled to be ≤90℃, and the mixture is mixed for 10 minutes. The discharge temperature is ≤100℃. After the mixture is uniform, the rubber sheet is thinly passed out using a two-roll mill to obtain the compound. C. Vulcanization The rubber compound to be vulcanized is obtained by placing it in a flat vulcanizing machine for vulcanization treatment. The vulcanization temperature is 160℃, the vulcanization time is 12min, and the vulcanization pressure is 15MPa.

[0052] Example 4 A high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-reducing and noise-reducing rubber pad, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 26 parts natural rubber RSS3, 65 parts brominated butyl rubber 2255, 9 parts epoxy natural rubber ENR50, 44 parts reinforcing agent, 11 parts brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate HY 2055, 5 parts zinc oxide, 2 parts stearic acid, 4 parts antioxidant, 4 parts silane coupling agent, 4.8 parts accelerator, and 1 part sulfur (masterbatch S-80); wherein the reinforcing agent consists of 14 parts carbon black N330, 10 parts kaolin, and 20 parts fumed silica; the antioxidant consists of 1.5 parts antioxidant TMQ, 1 part antioxidant H71, and 1.5 parts antioxidant 4010NA; the silane coupling agent consists of 2 parts silane coupling agent Si-69 and silane coupling agent KH560. Composition: 2 parts; the accelerator consists of 1.5 parts DTDM, 0.3 parts TMTD, 2.5 parts CZ and 0.5 parts DM.

[0053] The preparation method of this high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-reducing and noise-reducing rubber pad includes the following steps: A. Step-by-step mixing The reinforcing agent, antioxidant, silane coupling agent, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur are divided into a first part and a second part, with a mass ratio of 1:1 between the first part and the second part; Brominated butyl rubber was blended with the reinforcing agent, antioxidant and silane coupling agent in Part 1 through an internal mixer at a mixing temperature of 130°C. After the mixture was uniformly blended, the rubber compound was cooled for 4 hours. After cooling, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur in Part 1 were added through a two-roll mill at a temperature of 60°C. After the mixture was uniformly blended, rubber sheets were produced to obtain CIIR compound. Natural rubber and epoxy natural rubber are blended with the reinforcing agent, antioxidant and silane coupling agent in Part 2 through an internal mixer at a mixing temperature of 130°C. After the mixture is evenly blended, the rubber compound is cooled for 4 hours. After cooling, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur in Part 2 are added through a two-roll mill at a temperature of 60°C. After the mixture is evenly blended, rubber sheets are produced to obtain NR compound. B. Blending Processing The CIIR compound, NR compound and brominated p-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizing resin obtained in step A are added to an internal mixer. During the process, the temperature is controlled to be ≤90℃, the mixing time is 8min, the discharge temperature is ≤100℃, and after uniform mixing, the rubber sheet is thinly passed out using a two-roll mill to obtain the compound. C. Vulcanization The rubber compound to be vulcanized is obtained by placing it in a flat vulcanizing machine for vulcanization treatment. The vulcanization temperature is 160℃, the vulcanization time is 12min, and the vulcanization pressure is 15MPa.

[0054] Example 5 A high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-reducing and noise-reducing rubber pad, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 39 parts natural rubber RSS3, 55 parts brominated butyl rubber 2255, 6 parts epoxy natural rubber ENR50, 44 parts reinforcing agent, 12 parts brominated p-tert-octylphenolic vulcanizing resin HY 2055, 5 parts zinc oxide, 2 parts stearic acid, 4 parts antioxidant, 4 parts silane coupling agent, 4.8 parts accelerator, and 1 part sulfur (masterbatch S-80); wherein the reinforcing agent consists of 14 parts carbon black N330, 10 parts kaolin, and 20 parts fumed silica; the antioxidant consists of 1.5 parts antioxidant TMQ, 1 part antioxidant H71, and 1.5 parts antioxidant 4010NA; the silane coupling agent consists of 2 parts silane coupling agent Si-69 and silane coupling agent KH560. Composition: 2 parts; the accelerator consists of 1.5 parts DTDM, 0.3 parts TMTD, 2.5 parts CZ and 0.5 parts DM.

[0055] The preparation method of the high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-reducing and noise-reducing rubber pad is the same as in Example 4.

[0056] Comparative Example 1 A rubber pad, with a formulation similar to Example 1, differs only in that chlorinated butyl rubber is replaced with ordinary butyl rubber 268. The specific raw materials include: 38 parts natural rubber RSS3, 50 parts butyl rubber 268, 12 parts epoxy natural rubber ENR50, 42 parts reinforcing agent, 12 parts brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate HY 2055, 5 parts zinc oxide, 2 parts stearic acid, 4 parts antioxidant, 4 parts silane coupling agent, 4.8 parts accelerator, and 1 part sulfur (masterbatch S-80). The reinforcing agent consists of 12 parts carbon black N330, 10 parts kaolin, and 20 parts fumed silica. The antioxidant consists of 1.5 parts antioxidant TMQ, 1 part antioxidant H71, and 1.5 parts antioxidant 4010NA. The silane coupling agent consists of 2 parts silane coupling agent Si-69 and silane coupling agent KH560. The composition consists of 2 parts; the accelerator is composed of 1.5 parts of accelerator DTDM, 0.3 parts of accelerator TMTD, 2.5 parts of accelerator CZ and 0.5 parts of accelerator DM, and the preparation method of the pad is the same as in Example 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 2 A rubber pad, with a formulation similar to Example 1, differs only in that the epoxy natural rubber is removed and the amount of natural rubber is increased to 50 parts. The specific raw materials include: 50 parts of natural rubber RSS3, 50 parts of chlorinated butyl rubber 1066, 42 parts of reinforcing agent, 12 parts of brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate HY 2055, 5 parts of zinc oxide, 2 parts of stearic acid, 4 parts of antioxidant, 4 parts of silane coupling agent, 4.8 parts of accelerator, and 1 part of sulfur (masterbatch S-80). The reinforcing agent consists of 12 parts of carbon black N330, 10 parts of kaolin, and 20 parts of fumed silica. The antioxidant consists of 1.5 parts of antioxidant TMQ, 1 part of antioxidant H71, and 1.5 parts of antioxidant 4010NA. The silane coupling agent consists of 2 parts of silane coupling agent Si-69 and silane coupling agent KH560. The composition consists of 2 parts; the accelerator is composed of 1.5 parts of accelerator DTDM, 0.3 parts of accelerator TMTD, 2.5 parts of accelerator CZ and 0.5 parts of accelerator DM, and the preparation method of the pad is the same as in Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Example 3 A rubber pad, with a formulation similar to Example 1, differs only in that fumed silica is omitted and the amount of carbon black N330 is increased to 32 parts. The specific raw materials include: 38 parts of natural rubber RSS3, 50 parts of chlorinated butyl rubber 1066, 12 parts of epoxy natural rubber ENR50, 42 parts of reinforcing agent, 12 parts of brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate HY 2055, 5 parts of zinc oxide, 2 parts of stearic acid, 4 parts of antioxidant, 4 parts of silane coupling agent, 4.8 parts of accelerator, and 1 part of sulfur (masterbatch S-80). The reinforcing agent consists of 32 parts of carbon black N330 and 10 parts of kaolin; the antioxidant consists of 1.5 parts of antioxidant TMQ, 1 part of antioxidant H71, and 1.5 parts of antioxidant 4010NA; the silane coupling agent consists of 2 parts of silane coupling agent Si-69 and silane coupling agent KH560. The composition consists of 2 parts; the accelerator is composed of 1.5 parts of accelerator DTDM, 0.3 parts of accelerator TMTD, 2.5 parts of accelerator CZ and 0.5 parts of accelerator DM, and the preparation method of the pad is the same as in Example 1.

[0059] Comparative Example 4 A rubber pad, with a formulation similar to Example 1, differs only in that carbon black N330 is omitted and the amount of fumed silica is increased to 32 parts. The specific raw materials include: 38 parts of natural rubber RSS3, 50 parts of chlorinated butyl rubber 1066, 12 parts of epoxy natural rubber ENR50, 42 parts of reinforcing agent, 12 parts of brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate HY 2055, 5 parts of zinc oxide, 2 parts of stearic acid, 4 parts of antioxidant, 4 parts of silane coupling agent, 4.8 parts of accelerator, and 1 part of sulfur (masterbatch S-80). The reinforcing agent consists of 10 parts of kaolin and 32 parts of fumed silica; the antioxidant consists of 1.5 parts of antioxidant TMQ, 1 part of antioxidant H71, and 1.5 parts of antioxidant 4010NA; the silane coupling agent consists of 2 parts of silane coupling agent Si-69 and silane coupling agent KH560. The composition consists of 2 parts; the accelerator is composed of 1.5 parts of accelerator DTDM, 0.3 parts of accelerator TMTD, 2.5 parts of accelerator CZ and 0.5 parts of accelerator DM, and the preparation method of the pad is the same as in Example 1.

[0060] Comparative Example 5 A rubber pad, with a formulation similar to Example 1, differs only in the proportions of natural rubber, chlorinated butyl rubber, and epoxy natural rubber. Specifically, the raw materials include: 34 parts natural rubber RSS3, 50 parts chlorinated butyl rubber 1066, 16 parts epoxy natural rubber ENR50, 42 parts reinforcing agent, 12 parts brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate HY 2055, 5 parts zinc oxide, 2 parts stearic acid, 4 parts antioxidant, 4 parts silane coupling agent, 4.8 parts accelerator, and 1 part sulfur (masterbatch S-80). The reinforcing agent consists of 12 parts carbon black N330, 10 parts kaolin, and 20 parts fumed silica. The antioxidant consists of 1.5 parts antioxidant TMQ, 1 part antioxidant H71, and 1.5 parts antioxidant 4010NA. The silane coupling agent is silane coupling agent Si-69. The mixture consists of 2 parts of silane coupling agent KH560 and 2 parts of accelerator; the accelerator consists of 1.5 parts of accelerator DTDM, 0.3 parts of accelerator TMTD, 2.5 parts of accelerator CZ and 0.5 parts of accelerator DM. The preparation method of the pad is the same as in Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 6 A rubber mat, with a formulation similar to Example 1, differs only in the proportions of natural rubber, chlorinated butyl rubber, and epoxy natural rubber. Specifically, the raw materials include: 46 parts natural rubber RSS3, 50 parts chlorinated butyl rubber 1066, 4 parts epoxy natural rubber ENR50, 42 parts reinforcing agent, 12 parts brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate HY 2055, 5 parts zinc oxide, 2 parts stearic acid, 4 parts antioxidant, 4 parts silane coupling agent, 4.8 parts accelerator, and 1 part sulfur (masterbatch S-80). The reinforcing agent consists of 12 parts carbon black N330, 10 parts kaolin, and 20 parts fumed silica. The antioxidant consists of 1.5 parts antioxidant TMQ, 1 part antioxidant H71, and 1.5 parts antioxidant 4010NA. The silane coupling agent is silane coupling agent Si-69. It consists of 2 parts of silane coupling agent KH560 and 2 parts of accelerator; the accelerator consists of 1.5 parts of accelerator DTDM, 0.3 parts of accelerator TMTD, 2.5 parts of accelerator CZ and 0.5 parts of accelerator DM. The preparation method of the pad is the same as in Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 7 A rubber mat, with a formulation similar to Example 1, differs only in that octylphenol aldehyde resin 1045 replaces brominated p-octylphenol aldehyde resin HY 2055. Specific raw materials include: 38 parts natural rubber RSS3, 50 parts chlorinated butyl rubber 1066, 12 parts epoxy natural rubber ENR50, 42 parts reinforcing agent, 12 parts octylphenol aldehyde resin 1045, 5 parts zinc oxide, 2 parts stearic acid, 4 parts antioxidant, 4 parts silane coupling agent, 4.8 parts accelerator, and 1 part sulfur (masterbatch S-80). The reinforcing agent consists of 12 parts carbon black N330, 10 parts kaolin, and 20 parts fumed silica; the antioxidant consists of 1.5 parts antioxidant TMQ, 1 part antioxidant H71, and 1.5 parts antioxidant 4010NA; and the silane coupling agent is silane coupling agent Si-69. It consists of 2 parts of silane coupling agent KH560 and 2 parts of accelerator; the accelerator consists of 1.5 parts of accelerator DTDM, 0.3 parts of accelerator TMTD, 2.5 parts of accelerator CZ and 0.5 parts of accelerator DM. The preparation method of the pad is the same as in Example 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 8 A rubber mat, the formulation of which differs from Example 1 only in that natural rubber and epoxy natural rubber are omitted, and 100 parts of chlorinated butyl rubber 1066 are used. The specific raw materials include: 100 parts of chlorinated butyl rubber 1066, 42 parts of reinforcing agent, 12 parts of brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate HY 2055, 5 parts of zinc oxide, 2 parts of stearic acid, 4 parts of antioxidant, 4 parts of silane coupling agent, 4.8 parts of accelerator, and 1 part of sulfur (masterbatch S-80). The reinforcing agent consists of 12 parts of carbon black N330, 10 parts of kaolin, and 20 parts of fumed silica; the antioxidant consists of 1.5 parts of antioxidant TMQ, 1 part of antioxidant H71, and 1.5 parts of antioxidant 4010NA; the silane coupling agent consists of 2 parts of silane coupling agent Si-69 and silane coupling agent KH560. The composition consists of 2 parts; the accelerator is composed of 1.5 parts of accelerator DTDM, 0.3 parts of accelerator TMTD, 2.5 parts of accelerator CZ and 0.5 parts of accelerator DM, and the preparation method of the pad is the same as in Example 1.

[0064] Comparative Example 9 A rubber mat, the formulation of which differs from Example 1 only in that the brominated p-octylphenol aldehyde resin HY-2055 is omitted. The specific raw materials include: 38 parts of natural rubber RSS3, 50 parts of chlorinated butyl rubber 1066, 12 parts of epoxy natural rubber ENR50, 42 parts of reinforcing agent, 5 parts of zinc oxide, 2 parts of stearic acid, 4 parts of antioxidant, 4 parts of silane coupling agent, 4.8 parts of accelerator, and 1 part of sulfur (masterbatch S-80). The reinforcing agent consists of 12 parts of carbon black N330, 10 parts of kaolin, and 20 parts of fumed silica. The antioxidant consists of 1.5 parts of antioxidant TMQ, 1 part of antioxidant H71, and 1.5 parts of antioxidant 4010NA. The silane coupling agent consists of 2 parts of silane coupling agent Si-69 and silane coupling agent KH560. The composition consists of 2 parts; the accelerator is composed of 1.5 parts of accelerator DTDM, 0.3 parts of accelerator TMTD, 2.5 parts of accelerator CZ and 0.5 parts of accelerator DM, and the preparation method of the pad is the same as in Example 1.

[0065] Test Example 1 The pads prepared in the examples and comparative examples were tested for strength and loss factor, and the results are shown in Tables 1-2 below.

[0066] The loss factor was evaluated according to the laboratory evaluation method for track vibration reduction effect in T / CCTAS 76 2023.

[0067] Tensile strength and elongation at break were tested according to the method described in GB / T528. The laboratory ambient temperature was (23±2)℃ and the relative humidity was (50±5)%. The tensile test was conducted using a dumbbell-shaped standard tensile fixture for a universal testing machine, a type 1 specimen, a gauge length of 25mm, and a tensile rate of 500mm / min.

[0068] The dynamic-to-static stiffness ratio was determined according to the method described in TB / T 3395.1. The laboratory ambient temperature was (23±2)℃, and the relative humidity was (50±5)%. The static stiffness of the pad was determined according to Appendix A of TB / T 3395.1, and the dynamic stiffness was determined according to Appendix B of TB / T 3395.1. The maximum loading force of the pad during the test was 80kN. F1 was the compression of the pad when loaded with 20kN, and F2 was the compression of the pad when loaded with 70kN. The dynamic stiffness cyclic load ranged from 70kN to 20kN.

[0069] Table 1 Table 2 Test Example 2 The fatigue performance and aging performance of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 2, 5, 6 and 8 were tested, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0070] The fatigue performance test method shall be conducted in accordance with Appendix C of TB / T3395.1, wherein the loading force of the pad is in the range of 20kN~60kN. The aging test was conducted in accordance with GB / T 528, using a hot air aging test chamber at a temperature of (100±2)℃ for 24 hours. After aging, the chamber was placed in a standard environment for 4 hours before testing.

[0071] Table 3 Application Example 1 Existing conventional rubber pads are mainly made of natural rubber, butadiene rubber, or styrene-butadiene rubber, and their performance meets the requirements of TB / T3395. The conventional rubber pads used in the following application examples 1-3 contain the following raw materials: 60 parts natural rubber, 40 parts butadiene rubber, 20 parts carbon black N330, 20 parts carbon black N550, 10 parts kaolin, 20 parts precipitated silica, 5 parts zinc oxide, 2 parts stearic acid, 1 part antioxidant TMQ, 1.5 parts antioxidant MB, 1 part antioxidant H71, 0.4 parts accelerator TMTD, 1 part accelerator CZ, 0.5 parts vulcanizing agent D, 1.5 parts vulcanizing agent DM, and 0.8 parts masterbatch S-80.

[0072] like Figure 1 The data are based on the spectrum analysis of conventional rubber pads and actual application field data of Example 1. It can be seen that the amplitude of the pad prepared in Example 1 is lower than that of existing rubber pads, which helps to extend the fatigue life of the rail.

[0073] like Figure 2 On the same subway route, with a minimum curve radius of 600m in the test section, the rails were ground and then a comparative test was conducted to compare the corrugation condition after 50 days. Figure 2 The value in A indicates the corrugation condition of existing conventional rubber gaskets after 50 days. Figure 2 In Figure B, the corrugation condition is shown after 50 days of using the pad from Example 1. In terms of the rate of development, laying the DT-III type pad prepared in Example 1 resulted in a stable contact light band, and rail corrugation did not develop. Figure 3 In section A, the text describes the rail corrugation on an unpolished section with existing conventional rubber pads. The conventional rubber pads are then replaced with the rubber pads described in Example 1, and a before-and-after comparison test is conducted. Figure 3 In section B, after the replacement of the pad, due to the change in wheel-rail interaction, the rail formed a new contact light band on the existing corrugation, and the existing corrugation was gradually brought under control.

[0074] Application Example 2 In high-speed railway tracks, the rail surface is first subjected to standardized grinding pretreatment. Then, WJ8 type vibration-damping rubber pads prepared in Example 1 are laid on the corresponding track sections. The minimum curve radius of the trial-laid section is 3000m. After 55 days, the corrugation of the trial-laid track is observed. The results show that the corrugation depth of the WJ8 type vibration-damping rubber pads prepared with existing conventional rubber pads is 0.05 mm and the wavelength is 115 mm, while the corrugation depth of the WJ8 type vibration-damping rubber pads prepared in Example 1 is 0.02 mm and the wavelength is 121 mm. This indicates that the corrugation development is more gradual and the track surface smoothness is better. This means that the rubber pads of Example 1 have better vibration damping performance, can more effectively absorb the dynamic load and vibration impact generated by train operation, reduce the alternating stress on the rails, thereby delaying the formation and development of corrugation, which is conducive to improving track operation stability, extending the service life of rails, and reducing track maintenance costs.

[0075] Application Example 3 In high-speed railway tracks, the rail surface is first subjected to standardized grinding pretreatment, and then the WJ7 type vibration damping rubber pad prepared by Example 1 is laid on the target track section. The minimum curve radius of the trial laying section is 2500m. The corrugation situation of the trial laying is observed after 57 days. The results show that laying the pad prepared by Example 1 forms a stable contact light band, and rail corrugation does not develop.

[0076] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad, characterized in that, By weight, the raw materials include: 25-50 parts natural rubber, 45-65 parts halogenated butyl rubber, 6-12 parts epoxy natural rubber, 40-50 parts reinforcing agent, 9-15 parts brominated p-tert-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizate, 4-6 parts zinc oxide, 1-3 parts stearic acid, 3.4-4.5 parts antioxidant, 3-5 parts silane coupling agent, 4-5 parts accelerator, and 0.8-1.2 parts sulfur.

2. The high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad according to claim 1, characterized in that, The halogenated butyl rubber is chlorinated butyl rubber and / or brominated butyl rubber.

3. The high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad according to claim 1, characterized in that, The halogenated butyl rubber is chlorinated butyl rubber.

4. The high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad according to claim 1, characterized in that, The silane coupling agent is selected from one or more of silane coupling agents Si-69, KH550, and KH560.

5. The high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing agent, by weight, consists of 10-14 parts carbon black N330, 8-14 parts kaolin, and 18-22 parts fumed silica.

6. The high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidant is selected from one or more of antioxidants TMQ, H71, and 4010NA.

7. The high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad according to claim 1, characterized in that, The accelerator is selected from one or more of accelerators DTDM, TMTD, CZ, and DM.

8. The high-damping, low-dynamic-to-static-ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad according to claim 1, characterized in that, The accelerator, by weight, consists of 1.2-1.6 parts of accelerator DTDM, 0.2-0.4 parts of accelerator TMTD, 2.3-2.6 parts of accelerator CZ, and 0.3-0.6 parts of accelerator DM.

9. The method for preparing the high-damping, low dynamic-to-static ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A. Step-by-step mixing The reinforcing agent, antioxidant, silane coupling agent, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur are divided into the first part and the second part, respectively; Halogenated butyl rubber is blended with the reinforcing agent, antioxidant and silane coupling agent in Part 1 through a mixer. After the mixture is evenly blended, the rubber compound is cooled for 4 hours. After cooling, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur in Part 1 are added through a two-roll mill. After the mixture is evenly blended, rubber sheets are produced to obtain CIIR compound. Natural rubber and epoxy natural rubber are blended with the reinforcing agent, antioxidant and silane coupling agent in Part 2 through a mixer. After the mixture is evenly blended, the rubber compound is cooled for 4 hours. After cooling, stearic acid, zinc oxide, accelerator and sulfur in Part 2 are added through a two-roll mill. After the mixture is evenly blended, rubber sheets are produced to obtain NR compound. B. Blending Processing Add the CIIR compound, NR compound and brominated p-octylphenol aldehyde vulcanizing resin obtained in step A into a mixer, control the temperature to ≤90℃ during the process, mix for 5-10 minutes, discharge temperature ≤100℃, and after uniform mixing, use a two-roll mill to pass out thin sheets of rubber to obtain the compound. C. Vulcanization The rubber compound to be vulcanized is obtained by placing it in a flat vulcanizing machine for vulcanization.

10. The application of the high-damping, low dynamic-to-static ratio vibration-damping and noise-reducing rubber pad as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Used on railway lines, bridges and turnouts.

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