Ecological slope protection structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and discloses an ecological slope protection structure. According to the ecological slope protection structure provided by the invention, the slope surface is divided into a plurality of independent units by arranging the grid ridge system, so that water and soil pressure and wave shearing force are effectively dispersed and absorbed, local stress concentration is reduced, the overall seakeeping and durability of the structure are remarkably improved, and premature instability of the slope protection is prevented. Meanwhile, in combination with laying of the ecological composite layer, surface soil can be effectively fixed, soil particle loss is reduced, the soil structure and nutrients are maintained, and a stable growth environment is provided for vegetation, so that the anti-scouring stability, ecological benefits and landscape value of the revetment are synergistically enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, specifically to ecological slope protection structures. Background Technology

[0002] Riverbank protection is an important engineering measure to ensure riverbank stability and prevent soil erosion. It exhibits good structural durability and protective effects under calm or slow-flowing conditions. By resisting water erosion and reinforcing the shoreline, this type of structure provides fundamental protection for river flood control safety and the ecological base.

[0003] In traditional still waterways or low-flow-rate waters, existing slope protection technologies mainly include two categories: rigid slope protection and ecological flexible slope protection. Rigid slope protection often uses rigid materials such as concrete and masonry, relying on their high structural strength to maintain slope stability; ecological flexible slope protection often uses vegetation root systems to stabilize the soil, slow the flow and promote siltation, while also taking into account certain ecological restoration functions.

[0004] However, in navigable waterways, the ship waves induced by ship traffic exert a continuous high-frequency impact on the bank slopes. Although rigid revetments have strong erosion resistance, they have low ecological benefits and are difficult to adapt to changes in wave pressure distribution caused by water level fluctuations, making them prone to bottom erosion and structural collapse. Flexible revetments have ecological advantages, but their material strength is limited, and they are prone to surface peeling and soil loss under repeated erosion by ship waves. Especially in areas with fluctuating water levels, the synergistic mechanism of wave-soil-vegetation interaction has not been systematically optimized, making it difficult to coordinate the structural erosion resistance and ecological benefits, resulting in a short overall service life and high maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an ecological slope protection structure to solve the problems of insufficient ecological isolation of rigid structures and insufficient wave resistance of flexible structures in existing slope protection technologies, as well as the easy occurrence of soil erosion, difficulty in vegetation survival, and premature structural failure under the high-frequency impact of ship waves and water level changes, resulting in difficulty in synergistic erosion resistance stability, ecological benefits and landscape value.

[0006] The ecological slope protection structure provided by this invention includes a bank protection body, a retaining wall, and an ecological composite layer. The bank protection body includes a grid system arranged in a grid pattern to form several slope protection zones; the bottom of the retaining wall is embedded in the water-facing foundation of the bank protection body, and the sides are installed on the water-facing side of the bank protection body; the ecological composite layer is laid within the slope protection zones.

[0007] Beneficial effects: By implementing a grid system, the slope is divided into multiple independent units, effectively dispersing and absorbing water and soil pressure and wave shear force, reducing local stress concentration, significantly improving the overall wave resistance and durability of the structure, and preventing premature slope instability. Simultaneously, combined with the laying of an ecological composite layer, it effectively stabilizes the topsoil, reduces soil particle loss, maintains soil structure and nutrients, and provides a stable growth environment for vegetation, thereby synergistically enhancing the erosion resistance, ecological benefits, and landscape value of the revetment. Furthermore, vegetation cover improves the visual appeal of the slope.

[0008] In one optional embodiment, the grid system includes slope toe grids, slope top grids, and a plurality of slope surface grids. The slope toe grids are arranged along the slope toe, the slope top grids are arranged along the slope top, and the plurality of slope surface grids are arranged at intervals on the slope surface. Each slope surface grid is connected to the slope toe grid and the slope top grid at both ends along its length direction, and the slope toe grids, the slope top grids, and the plurality of slope surface grids enclose a plurality of slope protection zones.

[0009] Beneficial Effects: By setting up crisscrossing rigid frameworks along the top of the slope, toe of the slope, and several surface grids, a unified shear resistance network is formed, integrating the slope surface into a single load-bearing structure. This enhances the shear resistance and overall stability of the slope protection structure, effectively resisting wave impacts and soil sliding. When the slope is subjected to wave impact, the force first acts on the surface grids, then rapidly transfers through their ends to the toe and top grids, ultimately distributing the force to the foundation and the anchored top of the bank. This avoids stress concentration, prevents cascading failures caused by localized damage, and significantly improves the structure's durability and reliability. Furthermore, each slope protection zone enclosed by the grids is an independent unit, effectively confining the slope soil within a limited space. Even if the ecological layer within a single unit is slightly eroded, it is strictly limited to that unit and will not spread to the entire slope, achieving zoned protection and localized repair, thus curbing the expansion of soil erosion. In addition, each slope protection area is an independent vegetation planting unit, providing a stable growth base for plants and facilitating the formation of diverse vegetation communities. This not only achieves the function of soil and water conservation but also greatly enhances the ecological value and landscape effect of the slope protection.

[0010] In one optional embodiment, the top grid is provided with a top water inlet, a top drainage outlet, and a top drainage channel. The top drainage channel is connected to the roadside of the revetment body through the top water inlet and to the slope side through the top drainage outlet. The top drainage channel is used to collect the water entering from the roadside at the top water inlet and transport the water to the top drainage outlet. The slope grid is provided with a slope drainage channel, the inlet of which is connected to the top drainage outlet. The foot grid is provided with a first foot water inlet, a foot drainage channel, and a foot drainage outlet. The inlet of the foot drainage channel is connected to the outlet of the slope drainage channel through the first foot water inlet. The top drainage channel is used to collect the water discharged from the outlet of the slope drainage channel and discharge the water.

[0011] Beneficial effects: By setting up a water inlet at the top of the slope, accumulated water from the roadside is collected and channeled through the drainage channel at the top of the slope to the drainage channel on the slope surface, and finally discharged through the drainage channel at the foot of the slope. The entire drainage process is completed inside the prefabricated grid channel, isolating the water flow from the planting soil on the slope, improving the phenomenon of soil particle stripping and loss caused by surface runoff, and protecting the ecological composite layer. Secondly, by forming internal drainage channels, accumulated water is quickly diverted and discharged externally, reducing the infiltration time and amount of water into the slope body, effectively maintaining the structural stability of the soil, and improving the overall instability and erosion caused by soil softening. Thirdly, this drainage system is integrated with the protective structure of the grid. While fulfilling its main functions of framing the soil and providing planting space, the grid also has a highly efficient drainage function. The drainage channels are protected by the rigid structure of the grid and are not easily damaged. In other words, efficient drainage protects the soil in the slope protection area, consolidates the anchoring foundation of the grid, and the synergistic effect of structure and drainage significantly improves the overall durability and erosion resistance of the ecological slope protection.

[0012] In one optional embodiment, the slope toe grid is further provided with a second slope toe water inlet, which is used to connect the slope protection area and the slope toe drainage channel.

[0013] Beneficial Effects: By incorporating a second slope-toe inlet into the slope's ridge, a dedicated low-level outlet is provided for accumulated water within the slope protection area. This allows for timely drainage of accumulated water into a robust slope-toe drainage channel, preventing water from continuously seeping into the bottom and surrounding areas due to hydrostatic pressure. This avoids the grid becoming suspended, unstable, or even collapsing, thus reducing soil moisture content within the slope protection area, maintaining soil stability, and extending the service life of the protection system. Simultaneously, in synergy with the drainage channel, a three-dimensional drainage and protection network is constructed, draining water from the roadside through the drainage channel and draining water from the slope protection area through the second slope-toe inlet, thus reducing the risk of soil erosion. Furthermore, timely drainage of accumulated water creates a moist but not waterlogged growing environment for vegetation, promoting healthy survival and vigorous growth. The lush vegetation, in turn, can consolidate the soil through its root network and reduce rainwater splash erosion through its branches and leaves, forming a virtuous cycle where engineering and ecological measures complement each other, enhancing the soil and water conservation capacity of the slope protection structure.

[0014] In one alternative embodiment, the revetment body further includes a retaining wall, which is installed at the top of the slope toe grid.

[0015] Beneficial effect: By setting a retaining wall at the top of the slope, soil particles in the water flow are slowed down and deposited in front of the retaining wall, thus delaying soil erosion.

[0016] In one alternative embodiment, the ecological slope protection structure further includes a waterfront walkway, which is laid between the slope toe grid and the retaining wall.

[0017] Beneficial effects: By setting up a waterfront walkway between the slope toe grid and the retaining wall, the waterfront walkway, as a lateral channel in the slope toe area, can intercept and guide the rainwater runoff flowing at the slope toe, and act as a physical barrier to buffer the flow energy of water.

[0018] In one optional embodiment, the ecological slope protection structure further includes a flood control road. The flood control road is located on the roadside of the slope protection body.

[0019] Beneficial effects: By setting up flood control roads on the roadside of the revetment, a reliable and convenient passage is provided for the rapid transportation of flood relief materials (such as sandbags, stones, and machinery) and the timely arrival of rescue personnel. This ensures that in emergency situations such as floods and rainstorms, rescue forces and resources can reach the dangerous sections of the shoreline without hindrance, thereby improving the emergency response speed and efficiency of disaster prevention and mitigation.

[0020] In one optional embodiment, the ecological composite layer includes a topsoil layer and a vegetation layer, wherein the topsoil layer is laid within the slope protection area and the vegetation layer is planted on the topsoil layer.

[0021] Beneficial effects: By including a topsoil layer in the ecological composite layer, the necessary nutrients, water and root development space are provided for plant growth. Unlike ordinary backfill soil, the topsoil is selected or improved and has suitable fertility, porosity and water retention, which lays a solid foundation for the rapid establishment, healthy growth and long-term prosperity of the vegetation layer, and ensures the stability and durability of the vegetation coverage of the slope.

[0022] In one optional embodiment, the ecological composite layer further includes a crushed stone cushion layer, a filter layer, and a geotextile layer. Along the thickness direction, the crushed stone cushion layer is laid close to the slope surface, the filter layer is laid on top of the crushed stone cushion layer, the geotextile layer is laid on top of the filter layer, and the topsoil layer is laid on top of the geotextile layer.

[0023] Beneficial effects: By using a crushed stone cushion layer as the bottom layer, excess water seeping into the slope can be diverted away, preventing soil saturation. The filter layer and geotextile layer installed on top create a reverse filtration system, allowing water to pass through while preventing soil particle loss. This effectively prevents fine particles from the topsoil from being carried into and clogging the crushed stone cushion layer by water seepage, eliminating soil erosion and structural damage caused by internal piping, and ensuring the long-term effectiveness of the drainage system. Simultaneously, the crushed stone cushion layer provides drainage and flexible support; the filter layer and geotextile layer act as filters, isolates, and reinforces; and the topsoil and vegetation layers provide biological consolidation, transforming the originally loose slope into a robust, deformation-resistant composite structure. This enhances the overall stability and erosion resistance of the slope protection area, sharing the load with the grid system.

[0024] In one optional embodiment, the topsoil layer has at least two layers; the ecological composite layer further includes an anchor reinforcement layer, which is arranged between two adjacent topsoil layers along the thickness direction.

[0025] Beneficial effects: By setting up at least two layers of topsoil and arranging an anchor reinforcement layer between two adjacent topsoil layers, the originally loose and isotropic topsoil is transformed into a reinforced soil composite with high shear strength. This effectively resists the shear and stripping forces of rainwater runoff on the slope. Even if the surface soil particles are impacted by water flow, the underlying anchor network can hold back the deeper soil through friction and embedding, preventing erosion from spreading in depth and breadth, thus controlling erosion at the surface and avoiding cascading damage. At the same time, the roots of vegetation can entwine and penetrate the reinforcement network, forming a dual biological and mechanical soil stabilization system with the reinforced structure. This improves the phenomenon of overall slippage or loss of the topsoil layer under extreme rainstorms, enhancing the ecological protection effect. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the ecological slope protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of part A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a partial three-dimensional view of the ecological slope protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0031] 1. Bank protection body; 11. Grid system; 111. Grid at the toe of the slope; 112. Grid at the top of the slope; 113. Grid on the slope surface; 114. Water inlet at the top of the slope; 115. Drainage outlet at the top of the slope; 116. Water inlet at the first toe of the slope; 117. Drainage outlet at the toe of the slope; 118. Water inlet at the second toe of the slope; 12. Slope protection area; 13. Retaining sill;

[0032] 2. Retaining wall;

[0033] 3. Ecological composite layer; 311. Topsoil layer; 312. Vegetation layer; 313. Crushed stone cushion layer; 314. Filter layer; 315. Geotextile layer; 316. Steel-plastic geogrid layer; 317. Soil and water protection blanket layer;

[0034] 4. Waterfront promenade;

[0035] 5. Flood control roads;

[0036] 6. Railings. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 3 The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

[0039] According to embodiments of the present invention, the provided ecological slope protection structure, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a revetment body 1, a retaining wall 2, and an ecological composite layer 3. The revetment body 1 includes a grid system 11, which is arranged in a grid pattern to form several slope protection zones 12; the bottom of the retaining wall 2 is embedded in the water-facing foundation of the revetment body 1, and the side is installed on the water-facing side of the revetment body 1; the ecological composite layer 3 is laid in the slope protection zone 12.

[0040] This design, through the grid system 11, divides the slope into multiple independent units, effectively dispersing and absorbing water and soil pressure and wave shear force, reducing local stress concentration, significantly improving the overall wave resistance and durability of the structure, and preventing premature slope instability. Simultaneously, combined with the laying of the ecological composite layer 3, it effectively fixes the surface soil, reduces soil particle loss, maintains soil structure and nutrients, and provides a stable growth environment for vegetation, thereby synergistically enhancing the erosion resistance, ecological benefits, and landscape value of the revetment.

[0041] Furthermore, by embedding the bottom of the retaining wall 2 into the water-facing foundation of the revetment body 1, and installing the side of the retaining wall 2 on the water-facing side of the revetment body 1, a solid first line of defense against ship waves and high water level scouring is formed, effectively reducing wave energy, greatly improving the overall stability and durability of the revetment structure, and preventing premature structural failure.

[0042] It can be explained that the grid system 11 is made of poured concrete and has an internal water system to enhance the slope stabilization effect and effectively drain water from ship waves, rainwater, and road surface water, thereby enhancing the erosion resistance of the bank slope.

[0043] It can be noted that retaining wall 2 adopts an L-shaped reinforced concrete structure, and the top of the wall to the mud surface is outlined with a pattern using a shaped template to enhance the landscape effect of the retaining wall.

[0044] Furthermore, a railing 6 is installed at the top of the wall for protection on the water-facing side and to enhance the landscape effect.

[0045] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the grid system 11 includes slope toe grid 111, slope top grid 112, and several slope surface grid 113. The slope toe grid 111 is arranged along the slope toe, the slope top grid 112 is arranged along the slope top, and several slope surface grid 113 are arranged at intervals on the slope surface. The two ends of any slope surface grid 113 along its length direction are connected to the slope toe grid 111 and the slope top grid 112, respectively. The slope toe grid 111, the slope top grid 112, and several slope surface grid 113 enclose several slope protection areas 12.

[0046] This configuration, by setting up slope top grids 112 along the slope top, slope toe grids 111 along the slope toe, and several slope surface grids 113 along the slope surface, forms a crisscrossing rigid skeleton network, integrating the slope surface of the revetment body 1 into a load-bearing whole, enhancing the shear resistance and overall stability of the revetment structure, and effectively resisting the impact of ship waves and soil sliding.

[0047] When the slope is subjected to wave impact, the force will first act on the slope grid 113, and then be quickly transmitted through its two ends to the two main beams, the slope toe grid 111 and the slope top grid 112. Finally, the force will be distributed to the foundation and the anchorage on the bank top, avoiding stress concentration, preventing chain failures caused by local damage, and significantly improving the durability and reliability of the structure.

[0048] At the same time, each slope protection zone 12 formed by the grid is an independent unit, which can divide and constrain the slope soil within a limited space. Even if the ecological layer in individual units is slightly eroded, it is strictly confined within the unit and will not spread to the entire slope, thus achieving zoned protection and local restoration, and curbing the expansion of soil and water loss.

[0049] In addition, each slope protection zone 12 is an independent vegetation planting unit, providing a stable growth base for plants and facilitating the formation of diverse vegetation communities. This not only achieves the function of soil and water conservation but also greatly enhances the ecological value and landscape effect of the slope protection.

[0050] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the slope top grid 112 is provided with a slope top inlet 114, a slope top outlet 115, and a slope top drainage channel. The slope top drainage channel is connected to the roadside of the revetment body 1 through the slope top inlet 114, and the slope surface side is connected through the slope top outlet 115. The slope top drainage channel is used to collect the water entering from the roadside at the slope top inlet 114 and transport the water to the slope top outlet 115. The slope surface grid 113 is provided with a slope surface drainage channel, and the inlet of the slope surface drainage channel is connected to the slope top outlet 115. The slope foot grid 111 is provided with a first slope foot inlet 116, a slope foot drainage channel, and a slope foot outlet 117. The inlet of the slope foot drainage channel is connected to the outlet of the slope surface drainage channel through the first slope foot inlet 116. The slope top drainage channel is used to collect the water discharged from the outlet of the slope surface drainage channel and discharge the water.

[0051] With this setup, water inlet 114 at the top of the slope is used to collect water from the roadside. The water is then directed through the drainage channel at the top of the slope to the drainage channel on the slope surface, and finally discharged through the drainage channel at the foot of the slope. The entire drainage process is completed inside the prefabricated grid channel, which isolates the water flow from the planting soil on the slope surface, improves the phenomenon of soil particle stripping and loss caused by surface runoff, and protects the ecological composite layer 3.

[0052] Secondly, by forming internal drainage channels, the accumulated water can be quickly diverted and discharged, reducing the infiltration time and amount of water into the slope body, effectively maintaining the structural stability of the soil, and improving the overall instability and erosion caused by soil softening.

[0053] Furthermore, the drainage system is integrated with the protective structure of the grid. While fulfilling its main functions such as stabilizing the soil and providing planting space, the grid also has a highly efficient drainage function. The drainage channels are protected by the rigid structure of the grid and are not easily damaged.

[0054] That is, efficient drainage protects the soil within the slope protection area 12, strengthens the anchoring foundation of the grid, and the synergistic effect of structure and drainage significantly improves the overall durability and erosion resistance of the ecological slope protection.

[0055] It can be noted that the grid 112 at the top of the slope is 150mm higher than the road surface and also serves as the curb stone of the road. The grid is arranged along the entire length.

[0056] It can be noted that if there is a blockage inside any drainage channel, high-pressure water can be directly flushed into the drainage channel through the inlet 114 at the top of the slope, or steel wire or other tools can be used to clear the blockage.

[0057] It can be noted that the outlet of the drainage channel at the bottom of the slope is connected to the collection well.

[0058] The collection well is equipped with a cover, and the collected water is discharged into the tributary through PVC pipe fittings.

[0059] For example, when there is water accumulation on the roadside side of the revetment body 1, the water flows into the slope top drainage channel through the slope top inlet 114, then into the slope surface drainage channel through the slope top drainage outlet 115, and then into the slope foot drainage channel through the first slope foot inlet 116, finally flowing into the collection well and being discharged into the tributary through PVC pipe fittings.

[0060] It can be noted that the inlet 114 at the top of the slope is equipped with a grate, which ensures drainage efficiency while preventing large debris from entering.

[0061] It can be noted that there are multiple inlets 114 at the top of the slope arranged at intervals, and multiple outlets 115 at the top of the slope arranged at intervals.

[0062] Preferably, a slope top water inlet 114 is set at 5m intervals, and a slope top drainage outlet 115 is set at 10m intervals.

[0063] Similarly, a second slope foot inlet 118 is set at intervals of 10.

[0064] It can be noted that PVC pipe fittings are embedded inside the drainage channels at the top of the slope, the surface of the slope, and the bottom of the slope.

[0065] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the slope toe grid 111 is also provided with a second slope toe water inlet 118, which is used to connect the slope protection area 12 and the slope toe drainage channel.

[0066] This design, with a second slope toe water inlet 118 at the slope toe grid 111, provides a dedicated low-level outlet for water accumulation in the slope protection area 12. This allows the accumulated water to be promptly introduced into a sturdy slope toe drainage channel and drained away, preventing water from continuously seeping into the bottom and surrounding areas of the grid due to hydrostatic pressure. This avoids the grid from becoming suspended, unstable, or even collapsing, thus reducing the soil moisture content inside the slope protection area 12, maintaining the soil in a relatively stable state, and extending the service life of the protection system.

[0067] At the same time, in conjunction with the drainage channel, it forms a three-dimensional drainage and protection network that discharges water accumulated on the roadside outside the drainage channel and discharges water accumulated inside the outer slope protection area 12 at the second slope foot inlet 118, thereby reducing the risk of soil erosion.

[0068] In addition, timely drainage of the 12 accumulated water in the slope protection area creates a moist but not waterlogged growing environment for the vegetation, enabling the vegetation to survive and grow healthily. The lush vegetation, in turn, can consolidate the soil through its root network and reduce raindrop erosion through its branches and leaves, forming a virtuous cycle in which engineering measures and ecological measures complement each other, thereby improving the soil and water conservation capacity of the slope protection structure.

[0069] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the revetment body 1 also includes a retaining wall 13, which is installed on the top of the slope foot grid 111.

[0070] This design, with a retaining wall 13 at the top of the slope foot grid 111, slows down and deposits soil particles in the water flow in front of the retaining wall, delaying soil loss and preventing soil particles from being carried into the waterfront walkway 4 by rainwater.

[0071] It can be noted that the height of the retaining wall 13 is preferably 100mm.

[0072] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the ecological slope protection structure also includes a waterfront walkway 4, which is located between the slope toe grid 111 and the retaining wall 2.

[0073] With this setup, a waterfront walkway 4 is provided between the slope toe grid 111 and the retaining wall 2. The waterfront walkway 4 serves as a lateral channel in the slope toe area, which can intercept and guide the rainwater runoff flowing at the slope toe, and also acts as a physical barrier to buffer the flow of water.

[0074] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the ecological slope protection structure also includes a flood control road 5. The flood control road 5 is located on the roadside of the revetment body 1.

[0075] This setup, by providing a flood control road 5 along the roadside of the revetment body 1, ensures a reliable and convenient passage for the rapid transport of flood relief materials (such as sandbags, stones, and machinery) and the timely arrival of rescue personnel during the flood season. It also ensures that in emergencies such as floods and rainstorms, rescue forces and resources can reach the dangerous sections of the shoreline without hindrance, thereby improving the speed and efficiency of emergency response for disaster prevention and mitigation.

[0076] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the ecological composite layer 3 includes a topsoil layer 311 and a vegetation layer 312. The topsoil layer 311 is laid in the slope protection area 12, and the vegetation layer 312 is planted on the topsoil layer 311.

[0077] This configuration, by including the topsoil layer 311 in the ecological composite layer 3, provides the necessary nutrients, water, and root development space for plant growth. Unlike ordinary backfill soil, the topsoil is selected or improved to have suitable fertility, porosity, and water retention, laying a solid foundation for the rapid establishment, healthy growth, and long-term flourishing of the vegetation layer 312, and ensuring the stability and durability of the slope vegetation coverage.

[0078] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the ecological composite layer 3 also includes a crushed stone cushion layer 313, a filter layer 314, and a geotextile layer 315. Along the thickness direction, the crushed stone cushion layer 313 is laid close to the slope surface, the filter layer 314 is laid on top of the crushed stone cushion layer 313, and the geotextile layer 315 is laid on top of the filter layer 314. The topsoil layer 311 is laid on top of the geotextile layer 315.

[0079] This design, using the crushed stone cushion layer 313 as the bottom layer, can divert excess water that seeps into the slope, preventing soil saturation. The filter layer 314 and geotextile layer 315 on top form a reverse filtration system that allows water to pass through but prevents soil particle loss. This effectively prevents fine particles of the topsoil from being carried into and clogging the crushed stone cushion layer 313 by water seepage, eliminating soil erosion and structural damage caused by internal erosion (piping), and ensuring the long-term effectiveness of the drainage system.

[0080] Meanwhile, the crushed stone cushion layer 313 provides drainage and flexible support; the filter layer 314 and the geotextile layer 315 serve to filter, isolate, and reinforce; the top topsoil layer 311 and vegetation layer 312 provide biological consolidation, transforming the originally loose slope into a solid composite structure with deformation resistance, enhancing the overall stability and erosion resistance of the slope protection area 12, and sharing the load with the grid system 11.

[0081] It can be noted that filter layer 314 is a coarse sand layer.

[0082] In one embodiment, the topsoil layer 311 has at least two layers.

[0083] Preferably, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the topsoil layer 311 has two layers.

[0084] Among them, the ecological composite layer 3 also includes an anchor reinforcement layer, which is arranged between two adjacent cultivated soil layers 311 along the thickness direction.

[0085] This configuration, by setting at least two layers of topsoil 311 and arranging anchor reinforcement layers between two adjacent topsoil layers 311, transforms the originally loose and isotropic topsoil into a reinforced soil composite with high shear strength. This effectively resists the shear and stripping forces of rainwater runoff on the slope. Even if the surface soil particles are impacted by water flow, the underlying anchor network can hold back the deeper soil through friction and embedding, preventing erosion from spreading in depth and breadth. This controls erosion at the surface layer and avoids chain reactions of damage.

[0086] At the same time, the roots of the vegetation can entwine and penetrate the reinforcing mesh, forming a dual biological and mechanical soil stabilization system with the reinforced structure, which can improve the phenomenon of overall slippage or loss of the cultivated soil layer under extreme rainstorms and enhance the ecological protection effect.

[0087] It can be noted that the anchor reinforcement layer includes a steel-plastic geogrid layer 316 and a soil and water protection blanket layer 317.

[0088] Specifically, when constructing within the slope protection zone 12, the following processes should be included at least:

[0089] The bank slope is leveled, and a layer of crushed stone 313 is laid first, for example, 100mm thick, which acts as a blind drain to drain seepage water from the slope.

[0090] A coarse sand layer and a geotextile layer 315 are laid in sequence. The coarse sand layer is 100mm thick to prevent water seepage from bringing soil particles from the slope into the crushed stone cushion layer 313.

[0091] A layer of topsoil 311 is laid on top of the geotextile layer 315 to promote plant growth. This topsoil layer 311 is a thin topsoil layer 311, preferably 200 mm.

[0092] After leveling the topsoil layer 311, a steel-plastic geogrid layer 316 is laid. The mesh size should not be too large, otherwise the slope stabilization effect will be poor; the mesh size should not be too small either, as it will affect plant growth. Preferably, the mesh size of the steel-plastic geogrid layer 316 is 30-40 cm. The steel-plastic geogrid layer 316 should be anchored into the slope surface and connected to the transverse grids to better achieve the reinforcement effect.

[0093] A soil and water conservation blanket layer 317 is laid on top of the steel-plastic geogrid layer 316. The size of the soil and water conservation blanket layer 317 is selected according to the actual erosion resistance requirements. During installation, the soil and water conservation blanket layer 317 is tied and fixed to the steel-plastic geogrid layer 316 with steel wires, and both the soil and water conservation blanket layer 317 and the steel-plastic geogrid layer 316 are simultaneously anchored to the slope soil layer with U-shaped steel nails. This enhances the reliability of the connection between the soil and water conservation blanket layer 317 and the slope surface, effectively preventing soil erosion.

[0094] A topsoil layer 311 and a vegetation layer 312 are laid sequentially on the soil and water conservation blanket layer 317. The slope is covered with non-woven fabric for protection during the vegetation germination period. The topsoil layer 311 is a thick topsoil layer 311, preferably 30 mm.

[0095] It can be noted that the elevation of the second slope inlet 118 should correspond to the crushed stone cushion layer 313. During installation, the second slope inlet 118 should be wrapped with permeable geotextile.

[0096] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An ecological slope protection structure, characterized in that, include: The revetment body (1) includes a grid system (11), which is arranged in a grid pattern to form several slope protection areas (12); The retaining wall (2) is embedded at the bottom into the water-facing foundation of the revetment body (1) and installed on the water-facing side of the revetment body (1); An ecological composite layer (3) is laid in the slope protection area (12).

2. The ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grid system (11) includes slope toe grids (111), slope top grids (112), and several slope surface grids (113). The slope toe grids (111) are arranged along the slope toe, the slope top grids (112) are arranged along the slope top, and several slope surface grids (113) are arranged at intervals on the slope surface. Each slope surface grid (113) is connected to the slope toe grids (111) and the slope top grids (112) at both ends along its length direction. The slope toe grids (111), the slope top grids (112), and the several slope surface grids (113) enclose several slope protection areas (12).

3. The ecological slope protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The slope top grid (112) is provided with a slope top water inlet (114), a slope top drainage outlet (115) and a slope top drainage channel. The slope top drainage channel is connected to the roadside of the revetment body (1) through the slope top water inlet (114) and to the slope side through the slope top drainage outlet (115). The slope top drainage channel is used to collect the roadside water entering from the slope top water inlet (114) and transport the water to the slope top drainage outlet (115). The slope grid (113) is provided with a slope drainage channel, and the inlet of the slope drainage channel is connected to the slope top drainage outlet (115); The slope foot grid (111) is provided with a first slope foot inlet (116), a slope foot drainage channel and a slope foot outlet (117). The inlet of the slope foot drainage channel is connected to the outlet of the slope surface drainage channel through the first slope foot inlet (116). The slope top drainage channel is used to collect the accumulated water discharged from the outlet of the slope surface drainage channel and discharge the accumulated water.

4. The ecological slope protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The slope toe grid (111) is also provided with a second slope toe water inlet (118), which is used to connect the slope protection area (12) and the slope toe drainage channel.

5. The ecological slope protection structure according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The revetment body (1) also includes a retaining wall (13), which is installed on the top of the slope foot grid (111).

6. The ecological slope protection structure according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The ecological slope protection structure also includes: A waterfront walkway (4) is laid between the slope toe grid (111) and the retaining wall (2).

7. The ecological slope protection structure according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The ecological slope protection structure also includes: The flood control road (5) is located on the roadside of the revetment body (1).

8. The ecological slope protection structure according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The ecological composite layer (3) includes a topsoil layer (311) and a vegetation layer (312). The topsoil layer (311) is laid in the slope protection area (12), and the vegetation layer (312) is planted on the topsoil layer (311).

9. The ecological slope protection structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ecological composite layer (3) also includes a crushed stone cushion layer (313), a filter layer (314) and a geotextile layer (315). Along the thickness direction, the crushed stone cushion layer (313) is laid close to the slope surface, the filter layer (314) is laid on top of the crushed stone cushion layer (313), and the geotextile layer (315) is laid on top of the filter layer (314). The topsoil layer (311) is laid on top of the geotextile layer (315).

10. The ecological slope protection structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The topsoil layer (311) has at least two layers; The ecological composite layer (3) also includes an anchor reinforcement layer, which is arranged between two adjacent cultivated soil layers (311) along the thickness direction.

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