Slope ecological restoration method based on herbaceous plant root system soil fixation
By laying reinforcement netting on the slope and fixing herbaceous plant seeds, the problems of uneven seed distribution and difficulty in germination of deeply buried seeds in traditional ecological slope protection are solved, achieving stable vegetation growth and aesthetic landscaping, and reducing the risk of substrate slippage.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511051063.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-31
AI Technical Summary
Traditional ecological slope protection methods suffer from problems such as uneven distribution of plant seeds, difficulty in germination of deeply buried seeds, and uneven slope protection thickness caused by the flow of ecological concrete, making it difficult for vegetation to grow and survive stably.
An ecological restoration method based on herbaceous plant roots was adopted. The slope was cleaned and reinforced with netting. The netting was fixed with anchoring components, and plant seeds were attached to the netting to prepare planting substrate. A breathable shade netting was then used to cover the substrate to ensure that the seeds were located on the surface of the substrate for germination.
It improved plant survival rate and root growth rate, reduced substrate slippage rate, achieved uniform seed distribution and aesthetic landscaping, and reduced subsequent landscaping costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN120867320A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope restoration, and in particular to an ecological slope restoration method based on soil stabilization using the root systems of herbaceous plants. Background Technology
[0002] In the construction of water conservancy, highway, railway, and mining projects, the long construction routes and large-scale earthwork excavation and filling severely damage the original vegetation, resulting in numerous rock and soil slopes. These slopes are generally steep, lack vegetation support, and contain both soil components and some rock and sand particles. Due to the loose and weak cohesion between the rock and soil particles, the surface soil layer of the slope is easily eroded by rainfall, making it difficult for vegetation to grow and survive stably. Restoring ecological balance through natural processes usually takes a long time. Exposed rock and soil slopes can lead to food chain disruption and deterioration of local microclimates (such as exacerbating the summer heat island effect).
[0003] Ecological slope protection, a product of the combination of geotechnical engineering and environmental engineering, combines the functions of protection and environmental beautification, making it an effective means of slope protection and stabilization. The traditional construction method for ecological slope protection mainly involves mixing plant seeds and nutrients into porous ecological concrete, which is then sprayed along the slope using a spraying truck. While this method is fast and efficient, it has the following problems: First, because the plant seeds and ecological concrete move randomly during mixing, the seeds are easily unevenly distributed, resulting in some areas being overly concentrated with insufficient vegetation cover in others. Second, due to the thickness of the ecological concrete, the seeds at the bottom layer are too deep and difficult to germinate. Third, because the slope has a certain angle, the ecological concrete slowly flows downwards and accumulates before the plant roots grow out, leading to uneven slope protection thickness. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention provides a slope ecological restoration method based on the soil stabilization of herbaceous plant roots, which solves the problem of slope ecological restoration.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a slope ecological restoration method based on soil stabilization using herbaceous plant roots. Clean the slope and loosen the surface soil. A reinforcing mesh is laid close to the slope surface and anchored to the slope surface using anchoring components; Attach the plant seeds to the overhead woven netting, and then cover the overhead woven netting over the ground-level woven netting. Preparation of planting substrate; Spray the planting substrate onto the slope and cover it with ground-level and overhead woven netting. Cover the substrate surface with a breathable shade net at a certain height until the plant sprouts.
[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the anchoring component includes an anchor nail with a nail head at the upper end, a height adjustment nut on the outside of the anchor nail, and a snap fastener on one side of the height adjustment nut for pressing down the ground-feeding net.
[0007] In the preferred embodiment, the upper end of the anchor nail is provided with a threaded section, the height adjustment nut is threadedly connected to the threaded section, and a lower support sleeve is also fitted on the outer side of the threaded section above the height adjustment nut. The lower support sleeve is provided with a socket hole in the center, and multiple insertion holes are provided on the lower support sleeve near the outer edge. A U-shaped clip is also provided. The U-shaped clip is inserted into the insertion hole and clamps the overhead woven net.
[0008] In the preferred embodiment, the inner walls of the socket and insertion hole are provided with multiple one-way locking structures along the circumferential direction. The U-shaped clip has annular protrusions at both ends. The one-way locking structure of the insertion hole abuts against the annular protrusions to allow the U-shaped clip to be inserted downward in one direction. The one-way locking structure of the socket stops on the threaded section to allow the lower support sleeve to slide upward in one direction.
[0009] The preferred scheme includes the plant planting method: Plant seeds are braided into rope to make seed rope; The seeds are temporarily stored by tying them to an overhead woven net at certain intervals. The ground-level woven netting is wound onto the woven netting winding cylinder. The woven netting winding cylinder with the ground-level woven netting is loaded onto the planting vehicle. The planting vehicle is driven to the predetermined position on the slope, and the ground-level woven netting is pulled to lay it. Adjust the height of the anchor, hammer the anchor nail into the soil, and use the clip to hold the ground-hugging mesh in place; After soaking the overhead woven net in water for a period of time, take it out and wind it onto the woven net winding drum; Load the woven netting roll with the overhead woven netting onto the planting vehicle, drive the planting vehicle to the predetermined position on the slope, and pull the overhead woven netting to lay it; Adjust the lower support sleeve to the highest point of the anchor nail, and then insert the U-shaped clip into the lower support sleeve to secure the overhead woven netting.
[0010] The preferred embodiment includes a method for preparing the plant substrate: Preparation of porous carriers loaded with microbial metabolites; Preparation of modified adhesives; The plant substrate is prepared by uniformly mixing ordinary loam, porous carrier, water-absorbing resin, modified binder, humic acid, seaweed gum, rice husk fiber, and water.
[0011] In the preferred embodiment, the Cynodon dactylon, Myricaria sparsely florida, Salix babylonica, and Plantago asiatica are washed, dried, pulverized, and sieved to obtain a mixed plant powder. Mix the mixed plant powder with distilled water until homogeneous, sterilize, and cool to room temperature to obtain the fermentation substrate; Activated lactic acid bacteria were inoculated into a fermentation substrate, cultured on a shaker, and centrifuged. The supernatant was then concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain microbial metabolites. Prepare a solution A of ammonium sulfate and glucose, and a solution B of calcium chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate. Mix solutions A and B, stir, heat for a certain time, cool to room temperature, filter, wash the filter cake with deionized water and ethanol, and dry to obtain a porous carrier. Microbial metabolites were mixed with a porous carrier and added to anhydrous methanol. The mixture was stirred continuously for a period of time, filtered, and the filter cake was dried to obtain a porous carrier loaded with microbial metabolites.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment, alumina particles are added to water and then ultrasonically dispersed to obtain an alumina dispersion. Trimethoxysilane was dissolved in n-hexane and added to an alumina dispersion. The reaction was stopped by heating under reflux and then cooled to room temperature. Modified alumina was obtained by centrifugation, precipitation, and drying. N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, modified alumina, and methacrylic acid were added to water, sonicated, and protected with argon gas. Benzoyl peroxide was added, and the mixture was heated to react for a certain time and then cooled to room temperature. After filtration, the filter cake was washed with deionized water and dried under vacuum to obtain the modified binder.
[0013] In the preferred embodiment, the mesh size of the ground-mounted woven net and the overhead woven net is 6cm×6cm-10cm×10cm, and the spacing between the anchoring components is 1.5-2.0m.
[0014] In the preferred embodiment, the thickness of the plant substrate is 10-14cm, the total length of the anchor is 20-30cm, and the length of the threaded section is 8-12cm.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Using a dedicated plant nutrient substrate as a slope covering layer not only prevents slope exposure but also improves plant survival rate and root growth rate; the use of loose soil and hanging netting blurs the boundary between the slope and the substrate layer, increasing substrate adhesion and reducing slippage rate; the use of a double-net structure, employing a special anchoring structure to raise the woven netting and form a three-dimensional net structure, further reducing the substrate slippage rate before plant roots emerge; pre-weaving seeds onto seed ropes and arranging them on the woven netting according to the landscaping design ensures even seed distribution and allows for pre-customization of seed types in different locations, reducing later landscaping costs and difficulties; the seeds are at a uniform height close to the substrate surface, avoiding the problem of deep burial and poor germination, and most nutrients are located below the seeds for more efficient utilization. Attached Figure Description
[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of seed ropes tied to an overhead woven net.
[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ground-level woven mesh laying.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring components fixing the ground-mounted mesh.
[0020] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the spacing distribution of the anchoring components.
[0021] Figure 5 It is a diagram of the overhead woven netting installation.
[0022] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the overhead woven netting being fixed by anchoring components.
[0023] Figure 7 This is a depth distribution map of the dual networks.
[0024] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the anchoring component.
[0025] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the anchoring components.
[0026] Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the lower support sleeve.
[0027] Figure 11 This is an enlarged view of the one-way card structure.
[0028] In the diagram: 1. Ground-level woven netting; 2. Overhead woven netting; 3. Seed rope; 301. Planting stalk; 4. Woven netting winding cylinder; 5. Anchoring component; 6. Anchor nail; 601. Threaded section; 602. Height adjustment nut; 603. Buckle part; 604. Nail head; 605. Lower support sleeve; 606. U-shaped clip; 607. Insertion hole; 608. One-way clip structure; 609. Socket hole; 610. Annular protrusion; 611. Detailed Implementation
[0029] Example 1: like Figure 1-11 In this paper, a slope ecological restoration method based on the soil stabilization of herbaceous plant roots is proposed. Clean the slope and loosen the surface soil. A reinforcing mesh is laid close to the slope surface and the ground-laying woven mesh 1 is anchored to the slope surface using anchoring components 6; Attach the plant seeds to the overhead woven net 2, and cover the overhead woven net 2 over the ground woven net 1; Preparation of planting substrate; Spray the planting substrate onto the slope and cover it with ground-level woven netting 1 and overhead woven netting 2; Cover the substrate surface with a breathable shade net at a certain height until the plant sprouts.
[0030] The ground-level woven net 1 can use a woven net with a thicker rope diameter, which can raise the height of the seed layer and prevent the seeds from being buried too deep, making it difficult for them to germinate.
[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the anchoring component 6 includes an anchor 601, with a nail head 605 at the upper end of the anchor 601. A height adjustment nut 603 is fitted on the outside of the anchor 601, and a buckle part 604 is provided on one side of the height adjustment nut 603. The buckle part 604 is used to press down the ground-featured woven net 1.
[0032] The lower end of the buckle part 604 is provided with a pointed tip, which is convenient for insertion into the soil layer. The U-shaped notch of the buckle part 604 can lock the rope segment of the ground-feeding net 1 to prevent the ground-feeding net 1 from moving.
[0033] In the preferred embodiment, the upper end of the anchor 601 is provided with a threaded section 602, and the height adjustment nut 603 is threadedly connected to the threaded section 602. A lower support sleeve 606 is also sleeved on the outer side of the threaded section 602 above the height adjustment nut 603. The lower support sleeve 606 is provided with a socket hole 610 in the center. The lower support sleeve 606 is provided with multiple insertion holes 608 near the outer edge, and a U-shaped clip 607 is also provided. The U-shaped clip 607 is inserted into the insertion hole 608 and clamps the overhead woven net 2.
[0034] The height adjustment sleeve 603 is adjustable, thus controlling the insertion depth of the anchor 601 into the slope and ensuring the distance between the upper end of the anchor 601 and the slope surface is consistent. The lower support sleeve 606 is adjusted to its highest position, supporting the underside of the overhead woven netting 2. The U-shaped clip 607 is inserted from above the overhead woven netting 2, securing the rope segment of the netting 2. Because the lower support sleeve 606 is a certain distance from the slope surface, the overall planting surface is raised, with most of the nutrient substrate located below the seeds, making it easier to absorb and preventing deep burial of seeds, while also avoiding nutrient waste.
[0035] In the preferred embodiment, the inner walls of the socket 610 and the insertion hole 608 are provided with a plurality of one-way locking structures 609 along the circumferential direction. The U-shaped card 607 has annular protrusions 611 at both ends. The one-way locking structure 609 of the insertion hole 608 abuts against the annular protrusions 611 so that the U-shaped card 607 is inserted downward in one direction. The one-way locking structure 609 of the socket 610 stops on the threaded section 602 so that the lower support sleeve 606 slides upward in one direction.
[0036] When laying the ground-level woven netting 1, the lower support sleeve 606 is in a lower position, and the U-shaped clip 607 is not installed initially to facilitate hammering the nail head 605 and prevent the lower support sleeve 606 from being damaged by hammering. When laying the overhead woven netting 2, pull the lower support sleeve 606 upward to the top to support the lower part of the overhead woven netting 2, and then insert the U-shaped clip 607 to secure the rope segment of the overhead woven netting 2.
[0037] The preferred scheme includes the plant planting method: Plant 301 is braided into a rope to make seed rope 3; The specific method is as follows: the seed rope-making machine uses a vacuum pump to suck up crop seeds and puts them into a paper strip that is running at a constant speed. At the same time, a retractable cotton rope is used to tie the paper strip together. The crop seeds are stored in a seed box. There is a vacuum inside the seed suction cup, and there are tiny air holes on the edge of the suction cup. When the seed suction cup rotates, each tiny air hole will suck up a seed. As the seed rotates, when the seed reaches the lowest point, the seed falls off and falls onto the paper strip below under the action of gravity. Then, the paper strip and the thread are wrapped together to form a paper rope. The seed is firmly fixed in the paper strip to form a seed rope. Tie the seed ropes 3 to the overhead woven net 2 at certain intervals for temporary storage; The ground-featured woven net 1 is wound onto the woven net winding cylinder 5. The woven net winding cylinder 5 with the ground-featured woven net 1 is loaded onto the planting vehicle 4. The planting vehicle 4 is driven to the predetermined position on the slope, and the ground-featured woven net 1 is pulled to lay it. Adjust the height of the mother 603, hammer the anchor 601 into the soil, and use the snap fastener 604 to hold the ground-attached woven net 1 in place; After soaking the overhead woven net 2 in water for a period of time, take it out and wind it onto the woven net winding cylinder 5; Load the woven netting roll 5 with the overhead woven netting 2 onto the planting vehicle 4, drive the planting vehicle 4 to the predetermined position on the slope, and pull the overhead woven netting 2 to lay it. Adjust the lower support sleeve 606 to the highest point of the anchor nail 601, and place the U-shaped clip 607 in the lower support sleeve 606 to secure the overhead woven net 2.
[0038] The planting vehicle 4 is equipped with support frames on both sides, and the woven net winding cylinder 5 has a rotating shaft in the center, which can be hung on the support frame to rotate.
[0039] The double-layer spacer net combined with the anchoring component 6 forms a three-dimensional net layer close to the slope, which can better prevent the substrate from sliding along the slope before the plant roots grow out.
[0040] The seed layer is elevated and close to the surface of the substrate, which allows for better utilization of nutrients and facilitates germination.
[0041] The seeds are spaced evenly, resulting in a more uniform distribution of the plants after they sprout, avoiding areas where plants are concentrated or where the substrate is exposed due to ungerminated seeds.
[0042] Because the seeds are woven into the seed rope 3, not only can the spacing between the seeds be freely adjusted, but the arrangement shape of the seed rope 3 and the type of seeds on the seed rope 3 can also be freely changed according to the design. After the plants grow, they present a certain landscape, which is more beautiful. Compared with the traditional spray seeding method, it saves the cost of replanting plants and landscaping modifications later.
[0043] The preferred embodiment includes a method for preparing the plant substrate: Preparation of porous carriers loaded with microbial metabolites; Preparation of modified adhesives; The plant substrate is prepared by uniformly mixing ordinary loam, porous carrier, water-absorbing resin, modified binder, humic acid, seaweed gum, rice husk fiber, and water.
[0044] In the preferred embodiment, the Cynodon dactylon, Myricaria sparsely florida, Salix babylonica, and Plantago asiatica are washed, dried, pulverized, and sieved to obtain a mixed plant powder. Mix the mixed plant powder with distilled water until homogeneous, sterilize, and cool to room temperature to obtain the fermentation substrate; Activated lactic acid bacteria were inoculated into a fermentation substrate, cultured on a shaker, and centrifuged. The supernatant was then concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain microbial metabolites. Prepare a solution A of ammonium sulfate and glucose, and a solution B of calcium chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate. Mix solutions A and B, stir, heat for a certain time, cool to room temperature, filter, wash the filter cake with deionized water and ethanol, and dry to obtain a porous carrier. Microbial metabolites were mixed with a porous carrier and added to anhydrous methanol. The mixture was stirred continuously for a period of time, filtered, and the filter cake was dried to obtain a porous carrier loaded with microbial metabolites.
[0045] In a preferred embodiment, alumina particles are added to water and then ultrasonically dispersed to obtain an alumina dispersion. Trimethoxysilane was dissolved in n-hexane and added to an alumina dispersion. The reaction was stopped by heating under reflux and then cooled to room temperature. Modified alumina was obtained by centrifugation, precipitation, and drying. N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, modified alumina, and methacrylic acid were added to water, sonicated, and protected with argon gas. Benzoyl peroxide was added, and the mixture was heated to react for a certain time and then cooled to room temperature. After filtration, the filter cake was washed with deionized water and dried under vacuum to obtain the modified binder.
[0046] In the preferred embodiment, the mesh size of the ground-mounted woven net 1 and the overhead woven net 2 is 6cm×6cm-10cm×10cm, and the spacing between the anchoring components 6 is 1.5-2.0m.
[0047] In the preferred embodiment, the thickness of the plant substrate is 10-14cm, the total length of the anchor 601 is 20-30cm, and the length of the threaded section 602 is 8-12cm.
[0048] Example 2: An ecological restoration method based on soil stabilization by herbaceous plant roots, S1, slope preparation: clean the slope, remove loose stones, gravel, debris and weeds on the slope surface, and smooth the slope surface by cutting protrusions and filling depressions; use a scraper tool with a toothed structure to loosen the surface soil of the slope to a depth of 3-5cm, and then use high-pressure airflow to remove fine particles and dust to ensure the slope surface is clean; S2. Laying the reinforcement mesh: Lay the high-strength fiber woven mesh flat on the prepared slope surface from top to bottom. Use stainless steel wire rope to fix and connect adjacent fiber woven meshes. The left and right adjacent fiber woven meshes should overlap by 12-18cm. The fiber woven mesh should be in close contact with the slope surface. Then, drive in T-shaped anchors from top to bottom to fix the fiber woven mesh on the slope surface. The T-shaped anchors should be 35-45cm long and spaced 1.5-2.0m apart. S3. Preparation of substrate: S31. Preparation of porous carriers loaded with microbial metabolites: S311. After washing the Cynodon dactylon, Myricaria sparsely-flowered, Salix babylonica, and Plantago asiatica, dry them at 60℃, pulverize them through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain mixed plant powder; mix the mixed plant powder with distilled water at a mass ratio of 1:12, sterilize at 90℃ for 20 min, and cool to room temperature to obtain the fermentation substrate; inoculate activated lactic acid bacteria into the fermentation substrate at a volume ratio of 4-6%, culture at 28℃ and 150 rpm in a shaker for 72 h, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 10 min, take the supernatant, concentrate it to 25% of the original volume at 50℃ and 10^-2 MPa, freeze-dry to obtain microbial metabolites; S312. Prepare solution A of ammonium sulfate and glucose, and solution B of calcium chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate. Mix solution A and solution B, stir at 200 rpm for 15-20 min, heat at 85-95℃ for 4-5 h, cool to room temperature and filter. Wash the filter cake with deionized water and ethanol, and dry at 50-70℃ to obtain a porous carrier. S313. Mix the microbial metabolites obtained in step S311 with the porous carrier obtained in step S312, add it to anhydrous methanol, stir at 90℃ and 0.2MPa, stir at a speed of 300-400r / min for 2-3h, filter the filter cake and dry it at 50℃ to obtain the porous carrier loaded with microbial metabolites. S32. Preparation of modified binder: S321. Add alumina particles with a particle size of 40-50 nm to water and disperse them by ultrasonic treatment at 400 W for 15-25 min to obtain an alumina dispersion. Dissolve (3-acryloyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane in n-hexane and add it to the alumina dispersion. Heat and reflux at 60-70℃ for 3-4 h to stop the reaction. Cool to room temperature, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 20 min, and dry the precipitate at 80℃ to obtain modified alumina. S322. Add N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, modified alumina and methacrylic acid to water, sonicate at 300-400W for 20 minutes, purge with argon gas, add benzoyl peroxide, heat to 70-80℃, react for 50-70 minutes, cool to room temperature, filter, wash the filter cake with deionized water, and vacuum dry to obtain the modified binder. S33. By weight, 90-110 parts of ordinary loam, 6-10 parts of porous carrier loaded with microbial metabolites, 4-6 parts of water-absorbing resin, 8-12 parts of modified binder, 3-5 parts of humic acid, 2-4 parts of seaweed gum, 12-18 parts of rice husk fiber, and 35-45 parts of water are mixed evenly to obtain the substrate. S4. Spraying the substrate: The substrate is sprayed onto the slope layer by layer using high-pressure spraying. The spraying pressure is 0.4-0.6MPa, the thickness of a single spray is 1.5-2.5cm, and the total thickness is 10-14cm. S5. Vegetation Spraying: 2-3 hours after the substrate spraying is completed, plant seeds that have been soaked in 25-35℃ warm water for 20-24 hours are mixed with the prepared substrate at a mass ratio of 1:40. The mixture is then sprayed evenly onto the slope using a high-pressure spraying method, and then covered with a breathable film.
[0049] Furthermore, in step S2, the mesh size of the fiber woven net is 8cm × 8cm.
[0050] Furthermore, in step S2, the length of the T-shaped anchor is 35-45cm.
[0051] Furthermore, in step S2, the spacing between the T-shaped anchors is 1.5-2.0m.
[0052] Further, in step S311, the raw materials for preparing the mixed plant powder include the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of washed and dried Bermuda grass root, 1-3 parts of loosely flowering water juniper branch, 1.5-4 parts of autumn willow, and 0.5-2 parts of Fengdu plantain.
[0053] Further, in step S311, the ratio of the mixed plant powder to distilled water is 1g:12mL.
[0054] Further, in step S312, the ammonium sulfate has a mass concentration of 30-35 mg / mL in water, the glucose has a mass concentration of 0.25-0.3 g / mL in water, the calcium chloride has a mass concentration of 0.12-0.18 g / mL in water, and the mass ratio of disodium hydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride is 2:1-2.
[0055] Further, in step S313, the mass ratio of the microbial metabolites to the porous carrier is 1:1.5-2, and the volume ratio of the porous carrier to anhydrous methanol is 1g:15mL.
[0056] Further, in step S321, the mass concentration of the alumina in water is 0.03 g / mL, the mass concentration of (3-acryloyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane in n-hexane is 0.4 g / mL, and the mass ratio of the alumina to (3-acryloyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane is 1:1.5-2.5.
[0057] Further, in step S5, the plant seeds are a mixture of three groups of seeds: pioneer seeds, community-building seeds, and ground cover seeds. The amount of pioneer seeds is 15 g / m², the amount of community-building seeds is 10 g / m², and the amount of ground cover seeds is 4 g / m². The pioneer seeds are annual or biennial herbaceous plant seeds, the community-building seeds are shrub or small tree seeds, and the ground cover is a mixture of cool-season grass seeds and warm-season grass seeds in a 1:1 mass ratio. The mass ratio of plant seeds to substrate is 1:40. The breathable film specification is 12-18 g / m².
[0058] As the foundation of the construction, the slope surface first needs to be cleaned and prepared to ensure the smooth implementation of subsequent steps. Specifically, this involves removing loose stones, gravel, debris, and weeds from the slope, and smoothing out uneven areas to achieve a relatively flat surface. Next, a toothed scraper is used to loosen the surface soil to a depth of 3-5 cm. After loosening, high-pressure airflow is used to remove fine particles and dust, ensuring a clean and residue-free surface. Laying the fiber woven mesh is a crucial step following slope preparation, aimed at enhancing the overall stability of the slope. The fiber woven mesh is laid flat on the slope from top to bottom, with adjacent meshes secured by stainless steel wire ropes. The overlap between the left and right sides is 12-18 cm to ensure a tight and seamless connection. The fiber woven mesh is kept in close contact with the slope surface, and then T-shaped anchors are driven in from top to bottom to firmly fix the mesh to the slope. The length of the T-shaped anchors is set at 35-45cm, and the spacing is 1.5-2.0m to ensure that the fiber woven mesh can withstand a certain amount of external impact and effectively prevent slippage.
[0059] The preparation of the substrate is one of the core steps in the entire ecological restoration method, and its composition is complex and its functions are diverse. The porous carrier loaded with microbial metabolites is an important component of the substrate, and its preparation process involves multiple steps. First, *Cynodon dactylon*, *Myricaria latifolia*, *Salix matsudana*, and *Plantago asiatica* are washed, dried at 60℃, and pulverized through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain mixed plant powder. The mixed plant powder is mixed with distilled water at a mass ratio of 1:12, sterilized at 90℃ for 20 min, and cooled to room temperature to obtain the fermentation substrate. Subsequently, activated lactic acid bacteria are inoculated into the fermentation substrate at a volume ratio of 4-6%, and cultured at 28℃ and 150 rpm for 72 h on a shaker. After cultivation, the supernatant is collected by centrifugation at 8000 rpm for 10 min, concentrated to 25% of its original volume at 50℃ and 10^-2 MPa, and freeze-dried to obtain the microbial metabolites. The preparation of the porous carrier begins with the preparation of solution A of ammonium sulfate and glucose, and solution B of calcium chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate. Solution A and solution B were mixed and stirred at 200 rpm for 15-20 min, heated at 85-95℃ for 4-5 h, cooled to room temperature, and filtered. The filter cake was washed with deionized water and ethanol, and dried at 50-70℃ to obtain a porous carrier. The obtained microbial metabolites were mixed with the porous carrier and added to anhydrous methanol. The mixture was stirred at 90℃ and 0.2 MPa at a stirring speed of 300-400 rpm for 2-3 h. After filtration, the filter cake was dried at 50℃ to obtain the final porous carrier loaded with microbial metabolites.
[0060] The preparation of the modified binder is another important component of the substrate, and its preparation process is equally complex and precise. First, alumina particles with a particle size of 40-50 nm are added to water and ultrasonically dispersed at 400 W for 15-25 min to obtain an alumina dispersion. (3-Acryloyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane is dissolved in n-hexane and added to the alumina dispersion. The mixture is heated under reflux at 60-70 °C for 3-4 h, then the reaction is stopped. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture is centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 20 min, and the precipitate is dried at 80 °C to obtain modified alumina. Subsequently, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, modified alumina, and methacrylic acid are added to water and ultrasonically treated at 300-400 W for 20 min under argon protection. Benzoyl peroxide is added, the temperature is raised to 70-80 °C, and the reaction is carried out for 50-70 min. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture is filtered, the filter cake is washed with deionized water, and then vacuum dried to obtain the modified binder. The final mixing process of the substrate involves mixing 90-110 parts of ordinary soil, 6-10 parts of porous carrier loaded with microbial metabolites, 4-6 parts of water-absorbing resin, 8-12 parts of modified binder, 3-5 parts of humic acid, 2-4 parts of seaweed gum, 12-18 parts of rice husk fiber, and 35-45 parts of water evenly to obtain the substrate.
[0061] The spraying of the substrate is a crucial step in applying the prepared substrate layer by layer to the slope. The spraying pressure is set at 0.4-0.6 MPa, with a single spray thickness of 1.5-2.5 cm and a total thickness of 10-14 cm. During spraying, it is essential to ensure the substrate evenly covers the slope, avoiding localized accumulation or gaps. The vegetation spraying step is performed 2-3 hours after the substrate spraying, at which point the substrate has initially stabilized but not yet fully cured. Plant seeds, pre-soaked in 25-35℃ warm water for 20-24 hours, are mixed evenly with the prepared substrate at a mass ratio of 1:40, and then sprayed evenly onto the slope using a high-pressure spraying method. The selection of plant seeds should be based on actual needs. Pioneer seeds are annual or biennial herbaceous plant seeds, establishment seeds are shrub or small tree seeds, and ground cover is a 1:1 mixture of cool-season and warm-season grasses. The mixing ratio of plant seeds to substrate is 1:40. After spraying, a breathable film with a specification of 12-18g / m² is applied to protect the plant seeds and promote their germination and growth.
[0062] The positional relationship between the woven fiber mesh and the slope determines the overall structural stability, and the T-shaped anchors further enhance this stability. The mesh size of the woven fiber mesh is 8cm × 8cm, and its tightness against the slope directly affects the adhesion of the subsequent substrate. The synergistic effect of the components in the substrate is reflected in the comprehensive improvement of its physical and chemical properties. For example, the porous carrier loaded with microbial metabolites provides a continuous supply of nutrients to the plants through slow release, and the modified binder combined with rice husk fiber significantly improves the substrate's adsorption and water retention capacity. In the vegetation spraying step, the mixing ratio of plant seeds and substrate, as well as the spraying method, directly affect the vegetation restoration effect, while the breathable film provides a suitable growth environment for the plant seeds. The close coordination of all these steps and components jointly achieves the ecological restoration goal based on herbaceous plant root stabilization.
[0063] To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and implement this invention, the specific implementation principle of this invention will be further explained below in conjunction with a specific application scenario.
[0064] In an ecological restoration project on a highway slope, the construction area was a 100-meter-long, 20-meter-high rock and soil slope with a relatively steep surface and loose topsoil, posing a significant risk of soil erosion. To achieve stable reinforcement and vegetation restoration of the slope, the ecological restoration method based on herbaceous plant root stabilization provided by this invention was adopted.
[0065] First, the slope surface is cleaned and prepared. Workers use shovels and brushes to remove loose stones, gravel, weeds, and other debris, smoothing out uneven areas to achieve a relatively flat surface. Next, a toothed scraper is used to loosen the surface soil to a depth of 3-5 cm to ensure adequate aeration and permeability. After loosening, a high-pressure airflow is used to remove fine particles and dust, ensuring a clean, residue-free slope. This series of operations not only removes obstacles that could hinder subsequent construction but also provides a good foundation for substrate adhesion.
[0066] Next, a fiber woven mesh is laid on the slope. The mesh is laid flat from top to bottom, with adjacent meshes secured by stainless steel wire ropes. The overlap between the left and right sides is 12-18cm to ensure seamless coverage. After the mesh is firmly attached to the slope, T-shaped anchors are driven in from top to bottom. The anchors are 35-45cm long and spaced 1.5-2.0m apart, thus firmly fixing the mesh to the slope. The laying of the fiber woven mesh significantly enhances the overall stability of the slope. Its 8cm×8cm mesh size ensures uniform adhesion of the substrate and effectively prevents slippage caused by external impacts.
[0067] The next step is the preparation of the substrate. The porous carrier loaded with microbial metabolites is a crucial component of the substrate, and its preparation involves multiple steps. For example, *Cynodon dactylon*, *Myricaria latifolia*, *Salix matsudana*, and *Plantago asiatica* are washed, dried, and pulverized to obtain a mixed plant powder. This mixed plant powder is then mixed with distilled water at a mass ratio of 1:12, sterilized, and cooled to room temperature to serve as the fermentation substrate. Activated lactic acid bacteria are inoculated into the fermentation substrate and cultured for 72 hours. The supernatant is then collected by centrifugation, concentrated, and freeze-dried to obtain the microbial metabolites. These microbial metabolites are rich in various organic acids and amino acids, providing a continuous nutrient supply to the plants. Simultaneously, the porous carrier is prepared by mixing and heating a solution A of ammonium sulfate and glucose, and a solution B of calcium chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate, resulting in a porous carrier with a large specific surface area. The microbial metabolites are then mixed with the porous carrier and added to anhydrous methanol, stirred, and dried to form the final porous carrier loaded with microbial metabolites. This design utilizes the slow-release effect of the porous carrier to ensure that the plants continuously receive nutrient support during growth.
[0068] The preparation of the modified binder is equally complex and precise. Alumina particles with a diameter of 40-50 nm are ultrasonically dispersed and then reacted with (3-acryloyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane to obtain modified alumina. Subsequently, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, modified alumina, and methacrylic acid are polymerized under a protective atmosphere, and finally vacuum dried to obtain the modified binder. The modified binder, combined with rice husk fiber, significantly improves the adsorption and water retention capacity of the substrate, preventing slope erosion caused by heavy rainfall.
[0069] The final mixing process of the substrate involves uniformly mixing 90-110 parts by weight of ordinary loam, 6-10 parts of porous carrier loaded with microbial metabolites, 4-6 parts of water-absorbing resin, 8-12 parts of modified binder, 3-5 parts of humic acid, 2-4 parts of seaweed extract, 12-18 parts of rice husk fiber, and 35-45 parts of water to obtain the substrate. The substrate is then sprayed onto the slope layer by layer using a high-pressure spraying method. The spraying pressure is set at 0.4-0.6 MPa, with a single spray thickness of 1.5-2.5 cm and a total thickness of 10-14 cm. During spraying, it is essential to ensure that the substrate evenly covers the slope, avoiding localized accumulation or gaps. The physical and chemical properties of the substrate are comprehensively improved; its granular structure improves the soil's water retention and aeration, while also enhancing its resistance to erosion.
[0070] The vegetation spraying step is carried out 2-3 hours after the substrate spraying is completed. At this time, the substrate has initially stabilized but has not yet fully cured. Plant seeds, which have been soaked in 25-35℃ warm water for 20-24 hours in advance, are mixed evenly with the substrate at a mass ratio of 1:40, and then sprayed evenly onto the slope using a high-pressure spraying method. The selection of plant seeds is based on actual needs. Pioneer seeds are annual or biennial herbaceous plant seeds, establishment seeds are shrub or small tree seeds, and ground cover is a 1:1 mass ratio of cool-season grass seeds and warm-season grass seeds. After spraying, a breathable film with a specification of 12-18g / m² is covered to protect the plant seeds and promote their germination and growth. This design makes full use of the synergistic effect of plant seeds and substrate to ensure significant vegetation restoration.
[0071] The positional relationship between the woven fiber mesh and the slope determines the overall structural stability, which is further enhanced by the T-shaped anchors. The synergistic effect of the components in the substrate is reflected in the comprehensive improvement of their physical and chemical properties. For example, the porous carrier loaded with microbial metabolites provides a continuous supply of nutrients to the plants through slow release, while the modified binder combined with rice husk fiber significantly improves the substrate's adsorption and water-holding capacity. In the vegetation spraying step, the mixing ratio of plant seeds to the substrate and the spraying method directly affect the vegetation restoration effect, while the breathable film provides a suitable growth environment for the plant seeds. The close coordination of all these steps and components jointly achieves the ecological restoration goal of soil stabilization based on herbaceous plant root systems.
[0072] This method promotes vegetation restoration and enhances erosion resistance by preparing porous carriers loaded with microbial metabolites and modified binders. Lactic acid bacteria are used to ferment Bermuda grass, sparse-flowered juniper, autumn willow, and plantain. The resulting microbial metabolites are rich in various organic acids and amino acids, easily absorbed and utilized by plants. Combined with humic acid and seaweed gum, these components provide ample nutritional support for plant root growth, while simultaneously improving soil aggregate structure and enhancing soil water retention and aeration. The porous carrier prepared by this invention has a large specific surface area, effectively loading microbial metabolites and providing a continuous nutrient supply to plants through slow-release action, thereby improving plant survival rate and growth rate. The porous carrier surface contains active hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which enhance interfacial compatibility with soil particles and further improve the stability of the substrate.
[0073] This solution utilizes a modified binder combined with rice husk fiber, significantly improving the substrate's adsorption and water retention capacity, thus mitigating the impact of heavy rainfall and wind erosion on the slope and enhancing its erosion resistance. By modifying alumina, it participates in the methacrylic acid polymerization process, forming a cross-linked network structure, which improves the interfacial bonding between the two. Simultaneously, the introduction of alumina particles enhances the substrate's mechanical strength, preventing polymer agglomeration and further improving its erosion resistance and mechanical properties, making it suitable for ecological restoration projects in complex terrain conditions.
[0074] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A slope ecological restoration method based on soil stabilization using herbaceous plant roots, characterized by: Clean the slope and loosen the surface soil. A reinforcing mesh is laid close to the slope surface and the ground-laying mesh (1) is anchored to the slope surface by the anchoring component (6); Plant seeds are attached to the overhead woven net (2), and the overhead woven net (2) is placed over the ground woven net (1); Preparation of planting substrate; The planting substrate was sprayed onto the slope and covered with ground-level woven netting (1) and overhead woven netting (2). Cover the substrate surface with a breathable shade net at a certain height until the plant sprouts.
2. The slope ecological restoration method based on herbaceous plant root stabilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring component (6) includes an anchor (601), with a nail head (605) at the upper end of the anchor (601), and a height adjustment nut (603) on the outside of the anchor (601). A buckle (604) is provided on one side of the height adjustment nut (603), and the buckle (604) is used to press down the ground-feeding net (1).
3. The slope ecological restoration method based on herbaceous plant root stabilization according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper end of the anchor (601) is provided with a threaded section (602), and the height adjustment nut (603) is threadedly connected to the threaded section (602). The outer side of the threaded section (602) above the height adjustment nut (603) is also fitted with a lower support sleeve (606). The lower support sleeve (606) has a socket hole (610) in the center. The lower support sleeve (606) has multiple insertion holes (608) near the outer edge, and also has a U-shaped clip (607). The U-shaped clip (607) is inserted into the insertion hole (608) and clamps the overhead woven net (2).
4. The slope ecological restoration method based on herbaceous plant root stabilization according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner walls of the socket (610) and the insertion hole (608) are provided with multiple one-way locking structures (609) along the circumferential direction. The U-shaped clip (607) has annular protrusions (611) at both ends. The one-way locking structure (609) of the insertion hole (608) abuts against the annular protrusion (611) so that the U-shaped clip (607) is inserted downward in one direction. The one-way locking structure (609) of the socket (610) stops on the threaded section (602) so that the lower support sleeve (606) slides upward in one direction.
5. The slope ecological restoration method based on herbaceous plant root stabilization according to claim 3, characterized in that: Including plant cultivation methods: Plant seeds (301) are braided into rope to make seed rope (3); The seed ropes (3) are tied to the overhead woven net (2) at certain intervals for temporary storage; The ground-feeding net (1) is wound onto the net winding cylinder (5), and the net winding cylinder (5) with the ground-feeding net (1) is loaded onto the planting vehicle (4). The planting vehicle (4) is driven to the predetermined position on the slope and the ground-feeding net (1) is pulled to lay it. Adjust the height of the height adjustment mother (603), hammer the anchor nail (601) into the soil layer, and use the buckle part (604) to hold the ground-attached woven net (1). After soaking the overhead woven net (2) in water for a period of time, take it out and wind it onto the woven net winding cylinder (5); Load the woven net winding cylinder (5) with the overhead woven net (2) onto the planting vehicle (4), drive the planting vehicle (4) to the predetermined position on the slope, and pull the overhead woven net (2) to lay it; Adjust the lower support sleeve (606) to the highest point of the anchor nail (601), and place the U-shaped clip (607) in the lower support sleeve (606) to secure the overhead woven net (2).
6. The slope ecological restoration method based on herbaceous plant root stabilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: Including plants Substrate preparation method: Preparation of porous carriers loaded with microbial metabolites; Preparation of modified adhesives; The plant substrate is prepared by uniformly mixing ordinary loam, porous carrier, water-absorbing resin, modified binder, humic acid, seaweed gum, rice husk fiber, and water.
7. The slope ecological restoration method based on herbaceous plant root stabilization according to claim 6, characterized in that: After washing, drying, crushing and sieving the Bermuda root, sparsely flowering water juniper branch, autumn willow, and Fengdu plantain, a mixed plant powder is obtained. Mix the mixed plant powder with distilled water until homogeneous, sterilize, and cool to room temperature to obtain the fermentation substrate; Activated lactic acid bacteria were inoculated into a fermentation substrate, cultured on a shaker, and centrifuged. The supernatant was then concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain microbial metabolites. Prepare a solution A of ammonium sulfate and glucose, and a solution B of calcium chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate. Mix solutions A and B, stir, heat for a certain time, cool to room temperature, filter, wash the filter cake with deionized water and ethanol, and dry to obtain a porous carrier. Microbial metabolites were mixed with a porous carrier and added to anhydrous methanol. The mixture was stirred continuously for a period of time, filtered, and the filter cake was dried to obtain a porous carrier loaded with microbial metabolites.
8. The slope ecological restoration method based on herbaceous plant root stabilization according to claim 6, characterized in that: Alumina particles are added to water and then ultrasonically dispersed to obtain an alumina dispersion. Trimethoxysilane was dissolved in n-hexane and added to an alumina dispersion. The reaction was stopped by heating under reflux and then cooled to room temperature. Modified alumina was obtained by centrifugation, precipitation, and drying. N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, modified alumina, and methacrylic acid were added to water, sonicated, and protected with argon gas. Benzoyl peroxide was added, and the mixture was heated to react for a certain time and then cooled to room temperature. After filtration, the filter cake was washed with deionized water and dried under vacuum to obtain the modified binder.
9. The slope ecological restoration method based on herbaceous plant root stabilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh size of the ground-mounted woven net (1) and the overhead woven net (2) is 6cm×6cm-10cm×10cm, and the spacing between the anchoring components (6) is 1.5-2.0m.
10. The slope ecological restoration method based on herbaceous plant root stabilization according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thickness of the plant substrate is 10-14cm, the total length of the anchor (601) is 20-30cm, and the length of the threaded section (602) is 8-12cm.