Real-time automatic runoff sediment measuring device and measuring method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of water resource forecasting, in particular to a runoff sediment real-time automatic measuring device and a measuring method. The device comprises a measuring cylinder, and a rotating frame and an elastic pulling piece are arranged outside a cylinder body of the measuring cylinder; the two cylinder covers are movably arranged on the cylinder openings in the two sides and connected with the two ends of the elastic pulling piece respectively, and the sides, facing the cylinder openings, of the cylinder covers are provided with slag blocking pieces; the lower end of the rotating frame is connected with the cylinder cover, and the upper end of the rotating frame is rotationally connected with the measuring cylinder through the rotating frame; the expanding and contracting piece is expanded towards the outer side of the rotating frame to form a flow blocking surface, drives the runoff measuring piece to rotate, and synchronously drives the slag blocking piece on the overturning cylinder cover to rotate towards the cylinder opening; a first sediment stirring piece, a second sediment stirring piece and a photoelectric measuring module are arranged in the measuring cylinder. Through cooperation and linkage of the inner and outer measuring structures, real-time automatic measurement of runoff sediment is achieved, measurement is efficient and accurate, and operation is easy and convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water resources monitoring and forecasting, and in particular to a real-time automatic measurement device and method for runoff sediment. Background Technology

[0002] Simultaneous measurement of runoff and sediment volume is crucial in water resources monitoring and forecasting because it comprehensively reveals the quantity, quality, and dynamic processes of water resources. Measuring runoff is fundamental to assessing the total amount, spatiotemporal distribution, and changing patterns of available water resources. It directly supports the planning, design, safe operation, and optimized scheduling of water conservancy projects (flood control, water supply, power generation, and irrigation), ensuring water supply security and providing core data for flood forecasting, ecological flow assurance, and research on hydrological responses to climate change. Measuring sediment volume is critically used to assess soil erosion in watersheds, provide early warning and responses to siltation problems in reservoirs and canals to ensure the effectiveness and lifespan of water conservancy projects, analyze riverbed evolution trends to maintain flood control safety, understand the impact of sediment on water quality (such as pollutant adsorption) and aquatic ecosystems (such as affecting light transmittance and habitats), and is also related to delta formation, land resource changes, and waterway maintenance. Both measurements are indispensable and provide essential, comprehensive data support and decision-making basis for the scientific management, efficient utilization, disaster prevention, ecological protection, and sustainable development of water resources.

[0003] The accuracy of the traditional runoff sediment measurement process (using the stirring-sampling-drying-weighing method, with runoff measurement performed during stirring and sampling) was verified through standardized simulation experiments. The following systematic defects of this method were found:

[0004] 1. Severe accuracy distortion: In controlled experiments with known true values ​​of sediment, the relative error measured ranged from -81.32% to -33.4% (average -60.56%), and the absolute error ranged from -47.26 to 114.26 kg / m³. 2 The deviation between the measured value and the true value was as high as 1.5-5.22 times, proving that the method has a systematic and significant underestimation.

[0005] 2. Core process defect: Mechanical stirring cannot overcome the non-uniform distribution of silt particles (especially coarse particles) caused by gravity settling, resulting in a vertical concentration gradient within the tank. Due to the unevenness of the suspension, local water samples cannot reflect the overall concentration, rendering the subsequent drying and weighing results statistically meaningless.

[0006] Limited by early technological conditions, this method's crude physical mixing and sampling logic can no longer meet the accuracy requirements of modern soil and water monitoring, and there is an urgent need to introduce real-time automatic measurement technology for runoff and sediment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems existing in the background technology, this invention proposes a real-time automatic measurement device and method for runoff sediment. Through the cooperation and linkage of internal and external measurement structures, this invention achieves real-time automatic measurement of runoff sediment, which is highly efficient and accurate, and simple and convenient to operate.

[0008] This invention proposes a real-time automatic measurement device for runoff sediment, comprising a measuring cylinder, a rotating frame and an elastic tension member disposed on the outside of the cylinder body, and two relatively inclined cylinder openings on both sides; two sets of cylinder covers are movably disposed on the cylinder openings on both sides and are respectively connected to the two ends of the elastic tension member, with a sediment-blocking member disposed on the side of the cylinder cover facing the cylinder opening; the lower end of the rotating frame is connected to the cylinder cover, and the upper end is rotatably connected to the measuring cylinder via the rotating frame; expansion and contraction members are disposed on both sides of the rotating frame, and a runoff measuring element is disposed at the upper end; the expansion and contraction members expand outwards towards the rotating frame to form a flow-blocking surface, thereby increasing the flow rate. The high resistance causes the cover on the upstream side to flip, opening the corresponding cylinder opening. The cover on the other side is pulled to seal the corresponding cylinder opening. The expansion and contraction parts unfold towards the outside of the rotating frame, driving the runoff measuring element to rotate for self-cleaning and rotational measurement. Simultaneously, it also drives the slag-blocking parts on the flipped cover to rotate towards the cylinder opening, intercepting debris from entering the measuring cylinder. An installation column is installed inside the measuring cylinder. The installation column is equipped with two mud and sand mixing components with staggered mixing directions. The photoelectric measurement module is installed inside the measuring cylinder for automatic mud and sand measurement.

[0009] Preferably, the mounting column includes a column body arranged along the length of the measuring cylinder, a drive ring one in the middle of the column body, drive ring two on both sides, and water inlet heads at both ends; a mud and sand mixing component one is arranged on the drive ring one and rotates along the circumference of the measuring cylinder; a mud and sand mixing component two is arranged on the drive ring two and rotates along the length of the column body; the water inlet head is a cone structure with a water inlet slope, and the diameter gradually increases from the water-facing side to the back water-facing side.

[0010] Preferably, the mud and sand mixing component includes a connector connected to the drive ring and a mud and sand mixing frame connected to the connector; the mud and sand mixing frame is arranged along the length of the column and has a reinforcing strip on the outside; the reinforcing strip has a wave-shaped turbulence groove.

[0011] Preferably, the photoelectric measurement module includes a light emitting element, a light emitting element, and a light analysis unit; multiple groups of light emitting elements are arranged radially along the side wall of the column; a row of light emitting elements is arranged along the mud and sand mixing rack, and each light emitting element corresponds to one of the light emitting elements; the light emitting elements are located between the reinforcing strips, and a reflective layer is provided on the reinforcing strips.

[0012] Preferably, the second mud and sand mixing component includes a rotating shaft driven by the second driving ring; the rotating shaft extends to both sides of the column and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the measuring cylinder, and a second mud and sand mixing rack is provided on the side wall of the rotating shaft; the mixing directions of the second mud and sand mixing rack and the first mud and sand mixing rack on both sides are perpendicular to each other, and the rotation directions of the second mud and sand mixing rack on both sides are opposite.

[0013] Preferably, the rotating frame is elongated, with both ends extending out of the cylindrical cover. The upper side wall is provided with an open mounting groove, and the interior is provided with a cavity communicating with the mounting groove. The expansion and contraction component includes a sliding frame that moves horizontally back and forth within the cavity along the length of the rotating frame. The sliding frame is provided with a rack on both the front and rear sides, and a rotating seat on both sides. The rotating seat is provided with a half gear that meshes with the rack, and a flipping bar that rotates through the rotating seat and enters and exits the slot of the mounting groove. An expansion and contraction layer is provided between the flipping bar and the wall of the mounting groove.

[0014] Preferably, the expansion and contraction layer is configured as a hollow bladder structure; a pressure valve connected to the hollow bladder structure is provided on the rotating bar.

[0015] Preferably, a second mounting slot is provided on the side of the first mounting slot away from the cavity; the runoff measuring device includes a rotating rod disposed between the two sets of flip bars and positioned opposite the sliding frame; the bottom end of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the bottom of the second mounting slot, and the top end rotatably passes through the top of the second mounting slot and is connected to the runoff measuring device; a reset sleeve is provided at the top and bottom of the second mounting slot, respectively, and is fitted onto the rotating rod; a reset torsion spring is provided between the reset sleeve and the rotating rod, and two sets of traction ropes are also provided between the two sets of reset sleeves; the two sets of traction ropes are wound around the rotating rod, one above the other, and the ends are respectively connected to the flip bars on the corresponding sides from both sides; a mounting frame is provided on the rotating frame; the mounting frame is rotatably fitted onto the top and bottom of the runoff measuring device, one above the other, and a cleaning strip is provided between the two sets of mounting frames.

[0016] Preferably, a protective net is provided on the opening of the measuring cylinder; a rack is provided at the bottom of the sliding frame; an installation groove is provided on the cylinder cover, which connects to the installation groove; the slag-blocking component includes a slag-blocking net rotatably mounted on the installation groove; a half gear is provided on the rotating shaft of the slag-blocking net; the half gear is meshed with the rack.

[0017] This invention further proposes a method for real-time automatic measurement of runoff and sediment, using the aforementioned real-time automatic measurement device for runoff and sediment, with the following steps:

[0018] S1. The staff cleans the inside and outside of the measuring cylinder and ties it to the measuring rope, adding weight to the bottom; the device is moved to the water area to be measured, and the measuring rope is lowered to the depth to be measured;

[0019] S2. The sliding frame moves, causing the flipping strips on both sides to flip outwards towards the installation groove in sync; the expansion and contraction layer stretches and unfolds, forming a negative pressure inside to promote water intake through the pressure valve, and the water flow enters the expansion and contraction layer, forming a fan-shaped flow obstruction surface; the traction rope is stretched, and the slag-blocking net flips downwards to the front of the protective net.

[0020] S3. As the rotating rod rotates, the water-facing side of the measuring cylinder opens, the runoff measuring device is activated, and after adjusting the measuring angle, the measuring mode is turned on; the cleaning strip automatically cleans the surface during the rotation of the runoff measuring device;

[0021] S4. Water sample enters the cylinder. Before the water sample volume reaches the required level, the runoff measuring device completes the measurement.

[0022] S5. The flipping strips on both sides flip inward, the expansion and contraction layer is squeezed and compressed, the internal pressure valve discharges water, and the expansion and contraction layer enters the installation slot one; the traction rope is shortened, driving the rotating rod to rotate, and the runoff measuring device closes the measurement mode; the slag net flips upward back into the installation slot three; the measuring cylinder closes.

[0023] S6. Multiple light emitters inside the measuring cylinder emit radial detection light towards the water sample. The rotation of the first sediment mixing rack causes the water flow to move along the circumference of the measuring cylinder. The rotation of the shaft causes the two sediment mixing racks on both sides to rotate relative to each other, pushing the overflowing sediment back to the vicinity of the first sediment mixing rack. The light detection unit moves synchronously to correspond with the light emitter at a certain position. The light analysis unit analyzes the overall sediment content in the water sample through the collected light data.

[0024] S7. After the measurement is completed, remove the device from the water.

[0025] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following beneficial technical effects: It sets up two measurement routes, one inside and one outside the measuring cylinder. The outside of the measuring cylinder moves via a sliding frame, causing the flipping strips on both sides to flip synchronously outwards towards the mounting groove; the expansion and contraction layer stretches and unfolds, creating negative pressure inside to promote water intake through the pressure valve. Water flows into the expansion and contraction layer, forming a fan-shaped flow-blocking surface; the traction rope is lengthened, the runoff measuring device is cleaned and activated, and the sediment trap flips downwards to the front of the protective net. In other words, a single action triggers multiple linkages, not only initiating runoff measurement but also assisting in sediment measurement (opening and clearing the cylinder opening). The runoff measuring device completes multi-angle runoff detection during rotation. Water is simultaneously introduced into the measuring cylinder on its water-facing side. Multiple light emitters project radial detection beams towards the water sample. A rotating sediment mixing rack moves the water flow along the circumference of the measuring cylinder. A rotating shaft then drives two opposing sediment mixing racks on either side, pushing any overflowing sediment back to the vicinity of the first mixing rack. Simultaneously, the light detectors move to align with specific light emitters. The light analysis unit analyzes the overall sediment content in the water sample based on the collected light data. The sediment distribution is uniform, the measurement range is large, and the measurement data is accurate. Through the cooperation and linkage of its internal and external structures, the device achieves real-time automatic measurement of runoff sediment, offering high efficiency, accuracy, and simple, convenient operation. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a real-time automatic measurement device for runoff sediment.

[0027] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a real-time automatic measurement device for runoff sediment;

[0028] Figure 3This is a diagram showing the combined state of two sets of elastic tension members and two sets of cylindrical covers.

[0029] Figure 4 Layout diagram of the installation column, mud and sand mixing component 1, and mud and sand mixing component;

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a single set of cylindrical caps (view 1);

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a single set of cylindrical caps (perspective two);

[0032] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the expansion and contraction, runoff measurement, and sediment trapping components (view 1);

[0033] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the expansion and contraction, runoff measurement, and sediment trapping components (perspective two);

[0034] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0035] Figure 10 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0036] Reference numerals: 1. Measuring cylinder; 101. Arc groove; 2. Cylinder cover; 3. Rotating frame; 4. Expansion / contraction component; 401. Sliding frame; 402. Rack one; 403. Rack two; 404. Lead screw; 405. Rotating seat; 406. Expansion / contraction layer; 407. Tilting bar; 408. Pressure valve; 5. Runoff measuring component; 501. Runoff measuring device; 502. Reset sleeve; 503. Traction rope; 504. Cleaning bar; 505. Mounting frame; 506. Rotating rod; 507. Reset torsion spring; 6. Rotating frame; 601. Fixing part; 602. 7. Rotating part; 8. Elastic tensioning component; 9. Tension spring; 10. Rotating sleeve; 11. Sliding rod; 12. Slag-blocking component; 13. Slag-blocking net; 14. Half gear; 15. Protective net; 16. Mounting column; 17. Drive ring one; 18. Drive ring two; 19. Water inlet head; 10. Sediment mixing component one; 10. Sediment mixing frame one; 11. Reinforcing strip; 12. Sediment mixing component two; 13. Rotating shaft; 14. Sediment mixing frame two; 15. Light emitting component; 16. Light emitting component. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Example 1, as Figures 1-3This invention proposes a real-time automatic measurement device for runoff sediment, comprising a measuring cylinder 1. A rotating frame 6 and an elastic tension member 7 are mounted on the outside of the measuring cylinder 1, with relatively inclined openings on both sides. Two sets of cylinder covers 2 are movably mounted on the openings on both sides and are respectively connected to the two ends of the elastic tension member 7. A sediment-blocking member 8 is mounted on the side of the cylinder cover 2 facing the opening. The lower end of the rotating frame 3 is connected to the cylinder cover 2, and the upper end is rotatably connected to the measuring cylinder 1 via the rotating frame 6. Expanding and contracting members 4 are mounted on both sides of the rotating frame 3, and a runoff measuring member 5 is mounted on the upper end. The expanding and contracting members 4 expand outwards from the rotating frame 3 to form a flow-blocking surface, thereby increasing the flow rate. The high resistance causes the cylinder cover 2 on the upstream side to flip, opening the cylinder opening on the corresponding side. The cylinder cover 2 on the other side is pulled to seal the cylinder opening on the corresponding side. The expansion and contraction part 4 unfolds outward towards the rotating frame 3, driving the runoff measuring part 5 to rotate to achieve self-cleaning and rotation measurement. It also simultaneously drives the slag-blocking part 8 on the flipped cylinder cover 2 to rotate towards the cylinder opening, intercepting debris from entering the measuring cylinder 1. The measuring cylinder 1 is equipped with an installation column 10. The installation column 10 is equipped with a mud and sand mixing part 11 and a mud and sand mixing part 2 12 with staggered stirring directions. The photoelectric measurement module is installed in the measuring cylinder 1 for automatic mud and sand measurement.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, the mounting column 10 includes a column body arranged along the length of the measuring cylinder 1. A drive ring 1001 is arranged in the middle of the column body, drive rings 1002 are arranged on both sides, and water inlet heads 1003 are arranged at both ends. A mud and sand mixing component 11 is arranged on the drive ring 1001 and rotates around the circumference of the measuring cylinder 1. A mud and sand mixing component 12 is arranged on the drive ring 1002 and rotates along the length of the column body. The water inlet head 1003 is a conical structure with a water inlet slope, and the diameter gradually increases from the water-facing side to the back water-facing side, so that the introduced water sample is dispersed for subsequent mixing.

[0039] Both drive ring 1001 and drive ring 1002 are driven by a motor and gear structure. By rotating at the origin, they drive the mud and sand mixing components 11 and 12 to rotate synchronously and alternately, stirring the water sample in multiple directions to ensure that the mud and sand are evenly distributed and to ensure the accuracy of the measurement.

[0040] It should be further explained that the sediment mixing component 11 includes a connector connected to the drive ring 1001 and a sediment mixing frame 1101 connected to the connector. The sediment mixing frame 1101 is arranged along the length of the column, and a reinforcing strip 1102 is provided on the outer side. The reinforcing strip 1102 is provided with a wave-shaped turbulence groove. By rotating the sediment mixing frame 1101, the water flow is driven to move along the circumference of the measuring cylinder 1. The reinforcing strip 1102 can enhance the turbulence and further disperse the sediment distribution.

[0041] It should be further explained that the photoelectric measurement module includes a light emitting element 13, a light detecting element 14, and a light analysis unit; multiple sets of light emitting elements 13 are arranged radially along the side wall of the column; a row of light detecting elements 14 is arranged along the mud and sand mixing rack 1101, and corresponds one-to-one with the light emitting elements 13; the light detecting elements 14 are located between the reinforcing strips 1102, and a reflective layer is provided on the reinforcing strips 1102.

[0042] Multiple light emitters 13 emit radial detection light towards the water sample. The sediment mixing rack 1101 rotates and stirs the water sample, and the light detectors 14 synchronously move to correspond with a specific light emitter 13. Since the water sample contains sediment, the sediment content affects the light received by the light detectors 14, thus allowing the sediment quantity to be calculated. Because the sediment is dynamically moving, the sediment mixing rack 1101 also moves dynamically. By collecting dynamic data on sediment distribution, the light analysis unit can analyze the overall sediment content in the water sample. The reflective layer on the reinforcing strip 1102 assists in light reception and reduces detection errors.

[0043] It should be further explained that the second sediment mixing component 12 includes a rotating shaft 1201 driven to rotate by a second driving ring 1002; the rotating shaft 1201 extends to both sides of the column and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the measuring cylinder 1, and a second sediment mixing rack 1202 is provided on the side wall of the rotating shaft 1201; the mixing directions of the second sediment mixing rack 1202 and the first sediment mixing rack 1101 on both sides are perpendicular to each other, and the rotation directions of the second sediment mixing rack 1202 on both sides are opposite. By rotating the rotating shaft 1201, the second sediment mixing rack 1202 on both sides rotates relative to each other, pushing the overflowing sediment back to the vicinity of the first sediment mixing rack 1101, so as to measure the sediment content.

[0044] like Figures 5-6 As shown, the rotating frame 6 includes a fixed part 601 mounted on the top of the measuring cylinder 1; a rotating part 602 is rotatably mounted on the fixed part 601; and the rotating part 602 is connected to the rotating frame 3.

[0045] like Figures 5-6 As shown, the rotating frame 3 is long and narrow, with both ends extending out of the cylinder cover 2. An open mounting groove 1 is provided on the upper side wall, and a cavity communicating with the mounting groove 1 is provided inside.

[0046] like Figures 7-8 As shown, the expansion and contraction component 4 includes a sliding frame 401 that moves horizontally back and forth within the cavity along the length of the rotating frame 3; racks 402 are provided on both the front and rear sides of the sliding frame 401, and rotating seats 405 are provided on both sides; a half gear is provided on the rotating seat 405 that meshes with the rack 402, and a flipping bar 407 that rotates through the rotating seat 405 and enters and exits the groove of the mounting groove; an expansion and contraction layer 406 is provided between the flipping bar 407 and the groove wall of the mounting groove.

[0047] It should be further explained that the sliding frame 401 is provided with a lead screw 404 threadedly connected to it; the lead screw 404 is driven by a motor to rotate in the cavity, thereby driving the sliding frame 401 to move horizontally.

[0048] As the sliding frame 401 moves, the rack 402 meshes with the half gear, causing the flipping strips 407 on both sides to flip synchronously inward or outward toward the mounting groove. When flipping outward, the expansion and contraction layer 406 unfolds to form a fan-shaped flow-blocking layer; when flipping inward, the expansion and contraction layer 406 enters the mounting groove and is stored.

[0049] It should be further explained that the expansion and contraction layer 406 is designed as a hollow bladder structure; the flipping strip 407 is equipped with a pressure valve 408 that connects to the hollow bladder structure; when the flipping strips 407 on both sides flip outwards, the expansion and contraction layer 406 stretches and expands, creating a negative pressure inside to promote water intake through the pressure valve 408, allowing water to flow into the expansion and contraction layer 406 and increasing its flow resistance. When the flipping strips 407 on both sides flip inwards, the expansion and contraction layer 406 is compressed, causing water to exit through the pressure valve 408, and the expansion and contraction layer 406 enters the first mounting groove.

[0050] like Figures 7-9 As shown, a second installation slot is provided on the side of the first installation slot away from the cavity; the runoff measuring device 5 includes a rotating rod 506 positioned between two sets of flip bars 407 and opposite to the sliding frame 401; the bottom end of the rotating rod 506 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the second installation slot, and the top end rotatably passes through the top of the second installation slot and is connected to the runoff measuring device 501. The top and bottom of the second installation slot are respectively provided with reset sleeves 502 fitted onto the rotating rod 506; a reset torsion spring 507 is provided between the reset sleeve 502 and the rotating rod 506, and two sets of traction ropes 503 are also provided between the two sets of reset sleeves 502; the two sets of traction ropes 503 are wound around the rotating rod 506 one above the other, and their ends are respectively connected from both sides to the flip bars 407 on the corresponding sides; a mounting frame 505 is provided on the rotating frame 3; the mounting frame 505 is rotatably fitted onto the top and bottom of the runoff measuring device 501 one above the other, and a cleaning strip 504 is provided between the two sets of mounting frames 505. When the flip bars 407 on both sides flip outwards, the expansion layer 406 stretches and unfolds, while the traction rope 503 is lengthened, causing the rotating rod 506 to rotate. This activates the runoff measuring device 501, initiating the measurement mode. The measurement angle can also be controlled by adjusting the resistance through the expansion area of ​​the expansion layer 406, allowing for multi-angle runoff measurements while the device is rotating. The cleaning strip 504 automatically cleans its surface during the rotation of the runoff measuring device 501.

[0051] It should be further explained that a protective net 9 is provided on the opening of the measuring cylinder 1; a rack 403 is provided at the bottom of the sliding frame 401; an installation groove 3 is provided on the cylinder cover 2, which connects to the installation groove 1; the slag-blocking component 8 includes a slag-blocking net 801 rotatably mounted on the installation groove 3; a half gear 802 is provided on the rotating shaft of the slag-blocking net 801; the half gear 802 is meshed with the rack 403.

[0052] When the flipping strips 407 on both sides flip outwards, the expansion and contraction layer 406 stretches and unfolds. Simultaneously, the traction rope 503 is lengthened, and the second half-gear 802 meshes with the second rack 403, causing the slag-blocking net 801 to flip downwards to the front of the protective net 9, further reducing the amount of debris entering the measuring cylinder 1. Because the slag-blocking net 801 can rotate flexibly, it can slide on the surface of the protective net 9 through its ends, achieving the purpose of cleaning and unblocking it. At the same time, the rotation of the slag-blocking net 801 also facilitates the flipping of the cylinder cover 2.

[0053] like Figure 10 As shown, the measuring cylinder 1 has an arc-shaped groove 101 arranged along the circumference on its cylinder wall; the elastic tension member 7 includes a sliding rod 703 slidably arranged in the arc-shaped groove 101; the end of the sliding rod 703 is provided with a movable rotating sleeve 702; the rotating sleeve 702 is penetrated by a tension spring 701; the ends of the tension spring 701 are respectively connected to the cylinder cover 2 on the corresponding side.

[0054] When one side of the cylinder cover 2 is opened, the tension spring 701 is stretched and raised on one side, the rotating sleeve 702 rotates, the sliding rod 703 slides, and the other side is tightened, keeping the other side of the cylinder cover 2 sealed. The measuring cylinder 1 with one side open can collect water samples for sediment content detection, and at the same time the runoff measuring device 501 is activated to measure runoff.

[0055] Example 2: This example proposes a method for real-time automatic measurement of runoff and sediment, using the real-time automatic measurement device for runoff and sediment described in Example 1. The steps are as follows:

[0056] S1. The staff cleans the inside and outside of the measuring cylinder 1 and ties it to the measuring rope, adding weight to the bottom; the device is moved to the water area to be measured, and the measuring rope is lowered to the depth to be measured.

[0057] S2. The sliding frame 401 moves, causing the flipping strips 407 on both sides to flip outward in the mounting groove simultaneously; the expansion and contraction layer 406 stretches and unfolds, forming a negative pressure inside to promote water intake of the pressure valve 408, and the water flows into the expansion and contraction layer 406 to form a fan-shaped flow obstruction surface; the traction rope 503 is stretched, and the slag net 801 flips downward to the front of the protective net 9.

[0058] S3. As the rotating rod 506 rotates, the water-facing side of the measuring cylinder 1 opens, the runoff measuring device 501 is activated, and after adjusting the measuring angle, the measuring mode is turned on; the cleaning strip 504 automatically completes surface cleaning during the rotation of the runoff measuring device 501.

[0059] S4. Water sample enters the cylinder. Before the water sample volume reaches the required level, the runoff measuring device 501 completes the measurement.

[0060] S5. The flip bars 407 on both sides flip inward, the expansion and contraction layer 406 is squeezed and compressed, the internal pressure valve 408 discharges water, and the expansion and contraction layer 406 enters the first installation slot; the traction rope 503 is shortened, driving the rotating rod 506 to rotate, and the runoff measuring device 501 closes the measurement mode; the debris net 801 flips upward back into the third installation slot; the measuring cylinder 1 closes.

[0061] S6. Multiple light emitters 13 inside the measuring cylinder 1 emit radial detection light towards the water sample. The rotation of the sediment mixing frame 1101 causes the water flow to move along the circumference of the measuring cylinder 1. The rotation of the rotating shaft 1201 causes the sediment mixing frames 1202 on both sides to rotate relative to each other, pushing the overflowing sediment back to the vicinity of the sediment mixing frame 1101. The light detection element 14 moves synchronously to correspond one-to-one with the light emitter 13 at a certain position. The light analysis unit analyzes the overall sediment content in the water sample through the collected light data.

[0062] S7. After the measurement is completed, remove the device from the water.

[0063] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time automatic measurement device for runoff sediment, characterized in that, The measuring cylinder (1) includes a measuring cylinder (1), a rotating frame (6) and an elastic tension member (7) on the outside of the measuring cylinder (1), and relatively inclined cylinder openings on both sides; two sets of cylinder covers (2) are movably set on the cylinder openings on both sides and are respectively connected to the two ends of the elastic tension member (7), and a slag-blocking member (8) is set on the side of the cylinder cover (2) facing the cylinder opening; the lower end of the rotating frame (3) is connected to the cylinder cover (2), and the upper end is rotatably connected to the measuring cylinder (1) through the rotating frame (6); expansion and contraction members (4) are set on both sides of the rotating frame (3), and a runoff measuring member (5) is set on the upper end; The expansion and contraction part (4) expands outward toward the rotating frame (3) to form a flow-blocking surface. By increasing the resistance, the cylinder cover (2) on the flow-facing side is flipped to open the cylinder opening on the corresponding side. The cylinder cover (2) on the other side is pulled to seal the cylinder opening on the corresponding side. The expansion and contraction part (4) expands outward toward the rotating frame (3) to drive the runoff measuring part (5) to rotate to achieve the purpose of self-cleaning and rotation measurement. It also simultaneously drives the slag-blocking part (8) on the flipped cylinder cover (2) to rotate toward the cylinder opening to intercept debris from entering the measuring cylinder (1). An installation column (10) is installed inside the measuring cylinder (1); the installation column (10) is equipped with a mud and sand mixing component one (11) and a mud and sand mixing component two (12) with alternating stirring directions; the photoelectric measurement module is installed inside the measuring cylinder (1) for automatic measurement of mud and sand.

2. The real-time automatic measurement device for runoff sediment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting column (10) includes a column body arranged along the length direction of the measuring cylinder (1), a drive ring one (1001) is arranged in the middle of the column body, a drive ring two (1002) is arranged on both sides, and a water inlet head (1003) is arranged at both ends; The mud and sand mixing component (11) is set on the drive ring (1001) and rotates around the circumference of the measuring cylinder (1); The second mud and sand mixing component (12) is set on the second drive ring (1002) and rotates along the length of the column; The water intake head (1003) is set as a cone structure with a water intake slope, and the diameter gradually increases from the water-facing side to the water-repellent side.

3. The real-time automatic measurement device for runoff sediment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first mud and sand mixing component (11) includes a connector connected to the first drive ring (1001) and a first mud and sand mixing frame (1101) connected to the connector; The mud and sand mixing rack (1101) is set along the length of the column, and the outer side is provided with reinforcing strips (1102); The reinforcing strip (1102) is provided with a wave-shaped turbulence groove.

4. The real-time automatic measurement device for runoff sediment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The photoelectric measurement module includes a light emitting element (13), a light detecting element (14), and a light analysis unit; Multiple sets of light emitting elements (13) are arranged radially along the side wall of the column; A row of light-emitting elements (14) is arranged along the mud and sand mixing frame (1101), and each corresponds to a light-emitting element (13). The light detection element (14) is located between the reinforcing strips (1102), and the reinforcing strips (1102) are provided with a reflective layer.

5. The real-time automatic measurement device for runoff sediment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second mud and sand mixing component (12) includes a rotating shaft (1201) driven to rotate by the second driving ring (1002); the rotating shaft (1201) extends to both sides of the column and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the measuring cylinder (1); the second mud and sand mixing rack (1202) is provided on the side wall of the rotating shaft (1201); The mixing directions of the two mud and sand mixing racks (1202) and the first mud and sand mixing rack (1101) on both sides are perpendicular to each other, and the rotation directions of the two mud and sand mixing racks (1202) on both sides are opposite.

6. The real-time automatic measurement device for runoff sediment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rotating frame (3) is long and narrow, with both ends extending out of the cylinder cover (2). An open mounting groove is provided on the upper side wall, and a cavity is provided inside that connects to the mounting groove. The expansion and contraction component (4) includes a sliding frame (401) that moves horizontally back and forth in the cavity along the length of the rotating frame (3); racks (402) are provided on the front and rear sides of the sliding frame (401), and rotating seats (405) are provided on both sides; a half gear is provided on the rotating seat (405) that meshes with the racks (402), and a flipping bar (407) is provided that rotates through the rotating seat (405) and enters and exits the groove of the mounting groove; an expansion and contraction layer (406) is provided between the flipping bar (407) and the groove wall of the mounting groove.

7. The real-time automatic measurement device for runoff sediment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The expansion and contraction layer (406) is configured as a hollow sac-like structure; A pressure valve (408) with a hollow bladder structure is provided on the flip bar (407).

8. The real-time automatic measurement device for runoff sediment according to claim 7, characterized in that, Mounting slot 2 is provided on the side of mounting slot 1 that is away from the cavity; The runoff measuring device (5) includes a rotating rod (506) disposed between two sets of flip bars (407) and positioned opposite to the sliding frame (401); the bottom end of the rotating rod (506) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the second mounting groove, and the top end rotatably passes through the top of the second mounting groove and is connected to the runoff measuring device (501). The top and bottom of the second mounting slot are respectively provided with reset sleeves (502) that are fitted onto the rotating rod (506); a reset torsion spring (507) is provided between the reset sleeve (502) and the rotating rod (506), and two sets of traction ropes (503) are also provided between the two sets of reset sleeves (502); the two sets of traction ropes (503) are wound around the rotating rod (506) one above the other, and the ends are respectively connected to the flip bars (407) on the corresponding sides from both sides; The rotating frame (3) is provided with a mounting frame (505); the mounting frame (505) is rotated and sleeved on the top and bottom of the runoff measuring device (501), and a cleaning strip (504) is provided between the two sets of mounting frames (505).

9. The real-time automatic measurement device for runoff sediment according to claim 8, characterized in that, A protective net (9) is installed on the opening of the measuring cylinder (1); A rack 2 (403) is provided at the bottom of the sliding frame (401); The cylinder cover (2) is provided with a mounting groove three that connects to the mounting groove one; The slag-blocking component (8) includes a slag-blocking net (801) rotatably mounted on the mounting trough; a second half gear (802) is mounted on the rotating shaft of the slag-blocking net (801); the second half gear (802) meshes with a second rack (403).

10. A method for real-time automatic measurement of runoff sediment, characterized in that, The steps of using the real-time automatic runoff sediment measurement device as described in claim 9 are as follows: S1. The staff cleaned the inside and outside of the measuring cylinder (1) and tied it to the measuring rope, adding weight to the bottom; the device was moved to the water area to be measured and the measuring rope was lowered to the depth to be measured. S2. The sliding frame (401) moves, causing the flipping strips (407) on both sides to flip outwards towards the mounting groove in sync; the expansion and contraction layer (406) stretches and unfolds, forming a negative pressure inside to promote the water intake of the pressure valve (408), and the water flows into the expansion and contraction layer (406) to form a fan-shaped flow obstruction surface; the traction rope (503) is stretched, and the slag net (801) flips downwards to the front of the protective net (9); S3. As the rotating rod (506) rotates, the water-facing side of the measuring cylinder (1) opens, the runoff measuring device (501) is activated, and the measuring mode is turned on after the measuring angle is adjusted; the cleaning strip (504) automatically completes surface cleaning during the rotation of the runoff measuring device (501). S4. The water sample enters the cylinder. Before the water sample volume reaches the required level, the runoff measuring device (501) completes the measurement. S5. The flip bars (407) on both sides flip inward, the expansion and contraction layer (406) is squeezed and compressed, the internal pressure valve (408) discharges water, and the expansion and contraction layer (406) enters the first installation slot; the traction rope (503) is shortened, driving the rotating rod (506) to rotate, and the runoff measuring device (501) closes the measurement mode; the slag net (801) flips upward back into the third installation slot; the measuring cylinder (1) closes; S6. Multiple light emitters (13) inside the measuring cylinder (1) emit radial detection light towards the water sample. The water flow moves along the circumference of the measuring cylinder (1) as the sediment mixing rack (1101) rotates. The rotating shaft (1201) rotates the sediment mixing racks (1202) on both sides, causing them to rotate relative to each other and pushing the overflowing sediment back to the vicinity of the sediment mixing rack (1101). The light detector (14) moves synchronously to correspond one-to-one with the light emitter (13) at a certain position. The light analysis unit analyzes the overall sediment content in the water sample by collecting the light data. S7. After the measurement is completed, remove the device from the water.

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