Pipe jacking attitude control method and system for easily-settled sandstone stratum

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of underground pipe jacking engineering, and particularly relates to a pipe jacking posture control method and system for easily-settled sandstone stratum. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a pipe jacking design parameter set, a stratum characteristic parameter set, a train operation parameter set and a real-time construction parameter set; constructing a multi-dimensional coupling interference model based on the stratum characteristic parameter set, the train operation parameter set and the real-time construction parameter set; performing interference prediction on a pipe jacking posture based on the multi-dimensional coupling interference model and in combination with the pipe jacking design parameter set, so as to obtain dynamic interference prediction information; performing multi-objective trade-off decision based on the dynamic interference prediction information, generating and executing a pipe jacking posture control instruction. The application realizes early identification and dynamic regulation and control of pipe jacking construction deviation, timely responds to construction risks under complex working conditions, avoids engineering accidents caused by posture out of control, and guarantees high precision and stability of underground pipe jacking engineering construction.

Description

A method and system for controlling the attitude of pipe jacking in easily subsiding sandstone formations Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of underground pipe jacking engineering technology, and in particular to a method and system for controlling the attitude of pipe jacking in easily subsiding sandstone strata. Background Technology

[0002] During train operation and underground pipe jacking construction, sandstone strata, due to their high porosity and low cementation, are extremely sensitive to changes in groundwater pressure. When a train is running, the wheel load is transmitted to the foundation through the track structure, causing periodic fluctuations in ground stress. During underground pipe jacking construction, the dynamic changes in the jacking operation and support structure also alter the groundwater seepage field. Both can lead to an imbalance of pore water pressure within the sandstone strata, thereby inducing ground subsidence.

[0003] Existing pipe jacking attitude control technologies are mostly focused on hard rock or stable strata, primarily relying on statically preset jacking parameters or single-dimensional displacement monitoring for control. However, in easily subsiding sandstone strata, the pipe jacking construction environment is subject to multiple external and internal influences, exhibiting dynamic changes. Existing technologies, which depend on static parameter presets and single monitoring, are ill-suited to adapt to the dynamically changing construction environment under multiple influences. This could lead to deviations from the design axis during pipe jacking, excessive track settlement, or even engineering safety accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method and system for controlling the attitude of pipe jacking in easily subsiding sandstone formations to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for controlling the attitude of pipe jacking in easily subsiding sandstone strata, the method comprising:

[0006] The system acquires the set of design parameters for pipe jacking, the set of geological characteristics parameters, the set of train operation parameters, and the set of real-time construction parameters. Based on these parameters, a multi-dimensional coupled interference model is constructed. Using this model and the set of design parameters, the system predicts the interference on the pipe jacking attitude to obtain dynamic interference prediction information. Based on this dynamic interference prediction information, the system makes multi-objective trade-off decisions and generates and executes pipe jacking attitude control commands.

[0007] This solution integrates multi-dimensional parameters, constructs coupled models, performs dynamic prediction and multi-objective decision-making, forming a complete pipe jacking attitude control system. It solves the problems of isolated parameter analysis, poor model adaptability, prediction lag, and one-sided decision-making in existing methods, and realizes accurate prediction and active control of pipe jacking construction attitude. This improves the construction safety and reliability under train operation lines. Through multi-objective optimization, a balance is achieved between accuracy, efficiency, and cost, promoting the development of pipe jacking construction technology towards intelligence and precision. It is especially suitable for pipe jacking engineering construction under train operation lines.

[0008] Optionally, the set of design parameters for pipe jacking includes pipe diameter, pipe length, pipe segment connection type, pipe relay station, and grouting holes; the set of formation characteristic parameters includes natural water content of the formation, in-situ permeability coefficient of the formation, and initial stress state of the formation; the set of train operation parameters includes train axle load and train speed; and the set of real-time construction parameters includes pipe jacking force, pipe jacking speed, and grouting volume.

[0009] This scheme collects multi-dimensional data on pipe jacking design parameters, geological characteristics, train operation, and real-time construction data to construct a comprehensive data system for construction risk assessment. This eliminates the data blind spots of existing single-parameter assessment methods and establishes a complete and scientific data benchmark for subsequent dynamic coupling analysis of geological and pipe jacking structural parameters, thereby improving the scientific rigor and comprehensiveness of pipe jacking construction scheme design and risk assessment.

[0010] Optionally, the step of constructing a multi-dimensional coupling interference model based on the set of geological characteristic parameters, the set of train operation parameters, and the set of real-time construction parameters includes: analyzing the static pressure generated by the train axle load on the stratum and the dynamic vibration generated by the train speed on the stratum based on the train axle load and the train speed in the set of train operation parameters, and constructing a train-stratum coupling interference model; evaluating the range of extrusion disturbance of the stratum ahead of the pipe jacking face based on the pipe jacking force and the pipe jacking speed in the set of real-time construction parameters, and constructing a construction-stratum coupling interference model; and integrating the train-stratum coupling interference model and the construction-stratum coupling interference model to construct the multi-dimensional coupling interference model.

[0011] This scheme constructs a multi-dimensional coupled interference model, enabling accurate prediction of the dynamic response of easily subsiding sandstone strata under the combined interference of train operation and pipe jacking construction. The model can reflect the coupling mechanism of different interference factors, providing interference prediction information that is more in line with actual working conditions for pipe jacking attitude control. It can accurately identify stress superposition areas and high settlement risk sections in the strata, providing a scientific basis for the division of disturbance-sensitive sections of the pipe jacking axis, thereby enabling the construction party to formulate targeted attitude control strategies.

[0012] Optionally, the step of analyzing the static pressure exerted by the train axle load on the stratum and the dynamic vibration exerted by the train speed on the stratum based on the train operation parameter set, and constructing a train-stratum coupled interference model, includes: based on the train axle load in the train operation parameter set, analyzing the force situation at the wheel-rail contact point through the system Hamiltonian function to obtain the contact surface force characteristic information; obtaining the geometric and material properties in the track structure characteristics; based on the train speed in the train operation parameter set, combined with the geometric and material properties in the track structure characteristics, analyzing the propagation process of vibration waves generated during train operation from the track to the stratum, and determining the vibration transmission characteristic response characteristics; integrating the contact surface force characteristic information with the vibration transmission characteristic response characteristics. A numerical model of train operation-stratum coupling was established to form a track disturbance source. Based on the natural water content of the stratum in the set of stratum characteristic parameters, combined with a rock mechanics model, the water saturation of the stratum was determined. Based on the in-situ permeability coefficient of the stratum in the set of stratum characteristic parameters, the transport capacity of water-solid suspension in fractures and pores was analyzed to determine the permeability characteristics of the stratum. The water saturation and permeability characteristics of the stratum were integrated to obtain a stratum propagation dataset characterizing the influence of the stratum on the propagation of vibration waves. The track disturbance source was used as input to obtain the track structure-induced vibration waves caused by train operation load. Based on the track structure-induced vibration waves and combined with the stratum propagation dataset, the propagation attenuation law of the track structure-induced vibration waves in the stratum medium was analyzed to determine the vibration wave attenuation characteristic information and construct a train-stratum coupled interference model.

[0013] This scheme constructs a train-soil coupling interference model, which can comprehensively and accurately consider the static pressure and dynamic vibration effects of train operation on easily subsiding sandstone strata. The model can quantitatively analyze the effects of train axle load and running speed on the strata, providing a reliable basis for predicting interference in the pipe jacking posture. During the pipe jacking construction under train operation, this model can be used to predict in advance the strata deformation and settlement caused by train operation load, thereby taking targeted control measures, adjusting the pipe jacking speed, optimizing the grouting scheme, etc., and improving the stability of the pipe jacking posture.

[0014] Optionally, the step of evaluating the compression disturbance range of the underlying layer within the pipe jacking direction based on the pipe jacking force and pipe jacking speed in the real-time construction parameter set, and constructing a construction-soil coupling disturbance model, includes: based on the pipe jacking force in the real-time construction parameter set, combined with the initial stress state of the stratum in the stratum characteristic parameter set, analyzing the dynamic additional stress field applied to the stratum in front at the pipe jacking face using an elastoplastic constitutive model; based on the pipe jacking speed in the real-time construction parameter set, analyzing the influence of changes in jacking speed on the soil expansion rate and pore water pressure accumulation, and deriving a disturbance rate influence factor; integrating the dynamic additional stress field and the disturbance rate influence factor to analyze the pipe jacking... The spatiotemporal evolution of the deformation zone and stress redistribution zone of the corresponding stratum in the advancing direction is used to obtain the range of the extrusion disturbance. Based on the grouting volume of the pipe jacking in the real-time construction parameter set, combined with the in-situ permeability coefficient and natural water content of the stratum in the stratum characteristic parameter set, the pressure diffusion range of the grout in the stratum outside the pipe wall during synchronous grouting is analyzed to obtain the grouting pressure diffusion range. The extrusion disturbance range and the grouting pressure diffusion range are coupled, and combined with the initial stress state of the stratum in the stratum characteristic parameter set, the influence of the pipe jacking force, pipe jacking speed, and pipe grouting volume on the initial stress state of the stratum is analyzed to construct a construction-stratum coupled interference model.

[0015] The construction-soil coupling interference model constructed through this scheme can accurately assess the range of soil compression disturbance and grouting pressure diffusion during pipe jacking construction. This model can help construction personnel predict potential soil deformation and pipe jacking deviation risks during construction, thereby adjusting construction parameters such as jacking force, jacking speed, and grouting volume in a timely manner to reduce soil disturbance and control the pipe jacking posture. This model can improve the safety and reliability of the construction process, reduce engineering problems such as soil settlement and pipe jacking deviation caused by unreasonable construction parameters, and ensure the smooth progress and quality of pipe jacking construction.

[0016] Optionally, the integration of the train-stratum coupling interference model and the construction-stratum coupling interference model to construct the multi-dimensional coupling interference model includes: based on the train-stratum coupling interference model and the construction-stratum coupling interference model, analyzing key stratum parameters that are sensitive to both train vibration transmission and construction stress on easily subsident sandstone layers to obtain coupling interface parameters; the coupling interface parameters include train-construction vibration wave propagation characteristic parameters and train-construction stress sensitivity parameters; acquiring train wheel-rail impact and train body vibration during real-time train operation; based on the train wheel-rail impact and the train body vibration, analyzing the vibration wave attenuation characteristics of the train load excited by train operation on the stratum and the scattering and focusing effect of vibration energy in the sandstone fracture zone; based on the vibration wave attenuation characteristics of the train load excited by train operation on the stratum, analyzing the vibration wave attenuation characteristics and the scattering and focusing effect of vibration energy in the sandstone fracture zone; based on the vibration wave attenuation characteristics and the construction-stratum coupling interference model to construct the multi-dimensional coupling interference model to obtain the coupling interface parameters; the coupling interface parameters include train-construction vibration wave propagation characteristic parameters and train-construction stress sensitivity parameters; acquiring train wheel-rail impact and train body vibration during real-time train operation; acquiring train wheel-rail impact and train body vibration during real-time train operation; acquiring train wheel-rail impact and train body vibration during real-time train operation to obtain the train wheel-rail impact and train body vibration ... Based on the frequency attenuation characteristics and the scattering and focusing effect, train operation interference characteristics are constructed; the transient state of pipe jacking start and stop, vibration of pipe jacking equipment, and sudden changes in pipe jacking resistance during real-time construction are obtained; based on the pipe jacking start and stop, the vibration of pipe jacking equipment, and the sudden changes in pipe jacking resistance, the dynamic response characteristics of pipe jacking construction are analyzed, and the dynamic response characteristic curve of pipe jacking construction is obtained, which is used as the real-time construction interference characteristic; based on the train operation interference characteristics and the real-time construction interference characteristics, the vibration wave propagation characteristic parameters of train-construction on the stratum and the stress sensitivity parameters of train-construction on the stratum are analyzed, and the superposition effect of train and construction on the stratum data is obtained; based on the superposition effect of train and construction on the stratum data, the multi-dimensional coupled interference model is constructed.

[0017] This solution can improve the model's accuracy in predicting ground settlement, reduce single-model errors, identify high-risk coupling areas in advance to enhance risk warning capabilities, avoid accidents such as pipe section misalignment, and guide the dynamic adjustment of pipe jacking parameters, thereby shortening the attitude adjustment response time, ensuring that ground settlement is controlled within a safe range and that the pipe jacking structure is safe, reducing rework and rectification costs, shortening the construction period, and improving construction efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

[0018] Optionally, the construction of the multi-dimensional coupled interference model based on the superposition effect of the train and construction on the stratum data includes: based on the vibration wave dominant frequency attenuation characteristics and the compression disturbance range, using wave field superposition spatial analysis, calculating the intersection of the train vibration wave propagation path and the range of influence generated by real-time construction dynamics, determining the spatial distribution of stress superposition region and the stress peak value after superposition in the sandstone stratum, and obtaining stress superposition parameters; based on the scattering focusing effect and the in-situ permeability coefficient of the stratum, analyzing the cumulative increment of pore water pressure in the water-bearing sandstone fractures, and obtaining the cumulative pore water pressure value; based on the initial stress state of the stratum and the natural water content, using the elastoplastic constitutive equation, calculating the stratum expansion rate under superposition disturbance, and obtaining the settlement sensitivity coefficient; based on the stress superposition parameters, the cumulative pore water pressure value, and the settlement sensitivity coefficient, establishing a coupled framework of solid mechanical field, seepage field, and deformation field, quantifying the dynamic evolution of the stratum under composite disturbance, and constructing the multi-dimensional coupled interference model.

[0019] This solution enables more targeted development of pipe jacking attitude control strategies, effectively suppressing ground subsidence and ensuring the stability of the pipe jacking axis. It can accurately quantify the combined interference effects of train operation and pipe jacking construction on easily subsiding sandstone strata, improve the accuracy of pipe jacking attitude interference prediction, and help construction personnel identify high-risk sections in advance, rationally allocate active control priorities, optimize the allocation of construction resources, improve construction efficiency and reduce project costs while ensuring construction safety. It can also clearly analyze the distribution patterns of stress superposition areas in the strata and the cumulative trend of pore water pressure, providing scientific data support for subsequent multi-objective trade-off decisions.

[0020] Optionally, the step of predicting the interference of the jacking attitude based on the multi-dimensional coupled interference model and the jacking design parameter set to obtain dynamic interference prediction information includes: extracting the spatial coordinates of the stress peak value exceeding a preset threshold in the sandstone strata based on the stress superposition parameters; dividing the jacking axis into high / medium / low disturbance-sensitive sections based on the jacking length and the position of the jacking relay in the jacking design parameters; obtaining the stiffness characteristics of the jacking pipe section connection form; and predicting the dynamic stress of the pipe section joint based on the disturbance-sensitive sections and the stiffness characteristics. The corner offset risk level is determined; based on the accumulated pore water pressure value and the grouting volume of the jacking pipe in the jacking pipe design parameter set, the pore water pressure gradient is analyzed; the corner offset risk level and the pore water pressure gradient are integrated to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment. A dynamic interference intensity matrix is ​​constructed with the corner offset risk level as the row dimension, the pore water pressure gradient as the column dimension, and the comprehensive risk as the matrix element. The interference intensity is highest when the corner offset risk level is high and the pore water pressure gradient is high, and vice versa, thus obtaining dynamic interference prediction information.

[0021] This solution accurately predicts interference risks by comprehensively considering multi-dimensional interference factors during train operation and construction, enabling precise prediction of pipe jacking attitude interference and early identification of high-risk sections. Furthermore, by constructing a dynamic interference intensity matrix, the combined effects of different interference factors are visualized, facilitating the formulation of optimized control strategies. This allows construction teams to develop targeted pipe jacking attitude control strategies based on risk levels, significantly improving the effectiveness and timeliness of control measures. It effectively reduces the risk of pipe jacking attitude loss of control due to inaccurate interference prediction, minimizes engineering accidents, and avoids the impact of overly conservative strategies on efficiency, thus strongly ensuring a balance between construction safety and efficiency.

[0022] Optionally, the step of making multi-objective trade-off decisions based on the dynamic disturbance prediction information and generating and executing pipe jacking attitude control commands includes: dividing the pipe jacking axis into high / medium / low dynamic disturbance intensity sections based on the spatial distribution of the disturbance-sensitive sections and the location of the pipe jacking relay stations; setting high dynamic disturbance intensity sections as first-level priority sections; medium dynamic disturbance intensity sections as second-level priority sections; and low dynamic disturbance intensity sections as third-level priority sections; and executing a multi-objective collaborative optimization strategy based on the first-level priority sections: prioritizing the suppression of settlement by reducing the pipe jacking speed to a preset safety threshold and increasing the pipe jacking grouting volume to the pore water pressure gradient equilibrium value; and based on the angle deviation risk level, ... The thrust distribution between the pipe jacking relays is dynamically adjusted to keep the angular deviation between adjacent pipe sections within a safe range. Based on the secondary priority section, an efficiency-safety balance strategy is implemented: when the angular deviation risk level is below the threshold, the designed jacking speed is maintained; when the pore water pressure gradient exceeds the critical value, local pressurized grouting is initiated. Based on the tertiary priority section, a construction efficiency priority strategy is implemented: the pipe jacking force and the pipe jacking speed are jacked according to the normal construction progress. Real-time monitoring of stratum deformation and pipe attitude deviation is obtained. Based on the real-time monitoring of stratum deformation and pipe attitude deviation, the actual settlement of sandstone is analyzed. If the actual settlement of sandstone exceeds the predicted safety threshold, the pipe attitude control command is generated and executed.

[0023] This solution enables precise hierarchical control through priority section division, focusing on high-risk areas and improving the accuracy of pipe jacking attitude control, keeping the rotation angle deviation within a safe range. In terms of multi-objective collaborative optimization, it both suppresses settlement and ensures construction efficiency, shortening the construction period and reducing grouting material waste compared to existing methods. At the same time, by combining real-time monitoring data to adjust strategies in real time, it has strong dynamic adaptability and can effectively cope with the uncertainties of sandstone strata and the dynamic changes of train operation loads, reducing construction risks and avoiding engineering accidents and economic losses caused by attitude loss of control.

[0024] Secondly, this application provides a pipe jacking attitude control system for easily subsiding sandstone strata, the system comprising:

[0025] The system includes a parameter acquisition module for acquiring a set of pipe jacking design parameters, a set of geological characteristic parameters, a set of train operation parameters, and a set of real-time construction parameters; an interference modeling module for constructing a multi-dimensional coupled interference model based on the geological characteristic parameters, the train operation parameters, and the real-time construction parameters; an interference prediction module for predicting interference in the pipe jacking attitude based on the multi-dimensional coupled interference model and the set of pipe jacking design parameters, thereby obtaining dynamic interference prediction information; and a decision control module for making multi-objective trade-off decisions based on the dynamic interference prediction information, generating and executing pipe jacking attitude control commands. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a pipe jacking attitude control method for easily subsiding sandstone strata provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a pipe jacking attitude control system for easily subsiding sandstone strata provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] Furthermore, the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article, unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0032] The embodiments of this application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] During train operation and underground pipe jacking construction, sandstone strata, due to their high porosity and low cementation, are extremely sensitive to changes in groundwater pressure. When a train is running, the wheel load is transmitted to the foundation through the track structure, causing periodic fluctuations in ground stress. During underground pipe jacking construction, the dynamic changes in the jacking operation and support structure also alter the groundwater seepage field. Both can lead to an imbalance of pore water pressure within the sandstone strata, thereby inducing ground subsidence.

[0034] Based on this, this application provides a method and system for controlling the attitude of pipe jacking in easily subsiding sandstone strata. By integrating multi-dimensional parameters, constructing a coupled model, dynamic prediction, and multi-objective decision-making, a complete pipe jacking attitude control system is formed. This system solves the problems of isolated parameter analysis, poor model adaptability, prediction lag, and biased decision-making in existing methods, achieving accurate prediction and active control of the pipe jacking construction attitude. This improves the construction safety and reliability under train operation lines. Through multi-objective optimization, a balance is achieved between accuracy, efficiency, and cost, promoting the development of pipe jacking construction technology towards intelligence and precision. It is particularly suitable for pipe jacking engineering construction under train operation lines.

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by this application. During train operation and underground pipe jacking construction, the method provided by this application enables accurate prediction and active control of the pipe jacking construction posture, improving the safety and reliability of pipe jacking construction under train operation lines. Through multi-objective optimization, a balance is achieved between accuracy, efficiency, and cost.

[0036] Specifically, the method of this application is applied to any server that uses engineering survey reports, geological survey reports, and train operation manuals as data analysis sources and communicates with the construction monitoring system. Through this server, it acquires the set of pipe jacking design parameters provided by the engineering survey report, the set of geological characteristic parameters provided by the geological survey report, the set of train operation parameters provided by the train operation manual, and the set of real-time construction parameters provided by the construction monitoring system. By integrating multi-dimensional parameters, constructing a coupled model, performing dynamic prediction and multi-objective decision-making, a pipe jacking attitude control system is formed. This system provides accurate pipe jacking attitude control commands to the pipe jacking PLC attitude control system, solving problems such as isolated parameter analysis, poor model adaptability, prediction lag, and biased decision-making in existing methods. It achieves accurate prediction and active control of pipe jacking construction attitude, improving construction safety and reliability under train operation lines. Through multi-objective optimization, a balance is achieved between accuracy, efficiency, and cost, promoting the development of pipe jacking construction technology towards intelligence and refinement. This method is suitable for pipe jacking engineering construction under train operation lines.

[0037] For specific implementation details, please refer to the following examples.

[0038] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a method for controlling the attitude of pipe jacking in easily subsiding sandstone strata according to an embodiment of this application. The method of this embodiment can be applied to the server in the above scenario. As shown in Figure 2, the method includes:

[0039] S201. Obtain the set of pipe jacking design parameters, the set of geological characteristic parameters, the set of train operation parameters, and the set of real-time construction parameters;

[0040] The design parameters for pipe jacking can be a set of inherent properties of the pipe jacking equipment, including pipe diameter, pipe length, pipe section connection type, and grouting holes, which can be provided by the engineering survey report.

[0041] The set of geological characteristic parameters can be a collection of data characterizing the geological environment of the construction area, including the natural water content of the strata, the in-situ permeability coefficient of the strata, and the initial stress state of the strata, which are derived from the geological survey report.

[0042] The train operation parameter set can be a collection of information on the operating status of rail trains, including train axle load and train speed, which can be provided by train operation manuals.

[0043] The real-time construction parameter set can be dynamically collected construction process data, including pipe jacking force, pipe jacking speed, and pipe grouting volume, which comes from the construction monitoring system.

[0044] Specifically, against the backdrop of continuous advancements in urban underground space development and infrastructure construction, pipe jacking technology, as a trenchless underground pipeline laying method, has significant advantages when traversing complex railway environments. However, in the context of train operation and underground pipe jacking construction, sandstone strata, due to their high porosity and low cementation, are sensitive to changes in groundwater pressure. The periodic fluctuations in stratum stress caused by train wheel loads during operation, along with changes in the groundwater seepage field resulting from the dynamic changes in jacking operations and support structures during pipe jacking construction, can all disrupt the pore water pressure balance of sandstone strata, ultimately inducing ground subsidence. By obtaining the pipe jacking design parameter set and stratum characteristics... The system integrates four sets of parameters: performance parameters, train operation parameters, and real-time construction parameters. The pipe jacking design parameters quantify the construction objectives and determine the baseline for attitude control. Soil characteristic parameters directly affect the interaction between the pipe jacking and the soil, and are the core source of interference factors. Train operation parameters reflect the dynamic loads of the surrounding environment, and their periodic vibrations may exacerbate pipe attitude deviations. Real-time construction parameters provide real-time feedback for dynamic adjustments. Integrating these four types of parameters comprehensively depicts the complexity of pipe jacking construction scenarios under train operation, achieving standardized collection and integration of construction element data, ensuring the integrity and real-time nature of the parameters, and laying a data foundation for multi-dimensional coupled analysis.

[0045] S202. Based on the set of geological characteristic parameters, train operation parameters, and real-time construction parameters, a multi-dimensional coupled interference model is constructed.

[0046] The multidimensional coupled disturbance model can be a dynamic coupled mathematical model that integrates the geological mechanical response, train vibration propagation and construction disturbance feedback, and is used to quantify the combined effects of external disturbances and construction operations on the pipe jacking attitude.

[0047] Specifically, in the scenario of train operation and underground pipe jacking construction, changes in ground stress, train dynamic load, and fluctuations in construction parameters do not act independently, but rather couple together to produce complex interference. For example, in soft soil strata, train vibration may exacerbate soil settlement, which, together with fluctuations in grouting pressure during the jacking process, leads to pipe displacement. In sandy layers, excessively fast jacking speed may trigger ground collapse, and train load will further amplify this effect. Existing models often simplify to single-factor analysis, failing to accurately reflect actual working conditions, resulting in a disconnect between attitude control strategies and on-site requirements. The construction process of the multi-dimensional coupling model in this step is as follows: A finite element model of the interaction between the strata and the pipe jacking is established based on a rock mechanics model to simulate the stress on the pipe jacking under different ground parameters. The attitude interference law under the coupling effect of train operation load and construction parameters is fitted, ultimately forming a hybrid model that includes physical mechanisms and data-driven approaches. The model can quantify the comprehensive impact of multi-factor coupling on the attitude of the pipe jacking, discover interference mechanisms that are difficult to capture by existing methods, provide more accurate analytical tools for dynamic prediction, and improve the model's adaptability to complex construction environments.

[0048] S203. Based on the multi-dimensional coupled interference model and combined with the pipe jacking design parameter set, interference prediction of pipe jacking attitude is performed to obtain dynamic interference prediction information.

[0049] Dynamic disturbance prediction information can be the deviation and trend of the pipe jacking posture predicted by the model in the subsequent construction stage.

[0050] Specifically, in the scenarios of train operation and underground pipe jacking construction, the core of pipe jacking posture control lies in predicting the impact of disturbances in advance, rather than correcting them afterward. Existing methods rely on manual experience or simple threshold judgments, which cannot predict the posture evolution trend under complex working conditions. For example, when the water content of the stratum suddenly increases, if the jacking parameters are not adjusted in time, it may cause significant deviations in the later stages. The cumulative effect of continuous load during peak train periods may also lead to gradual posture deviations. This step analyzes the sensitivity of different combinations of construction parameters to the prediction results, identifies key control variables, and identifies posture deviation risks based on the comparison between pipe jacking design parameters and model prediction results. It considers the cumulative effect of disturbances over time, providing a full-process trend prediction for pipe jacking posture in long-distance pipe jacking construction, thereby solving the "passive response" defect of existing methods and improving the foresight and initiative of pipe jacking posture control.

[0051] S204. Based on dynamic disturbance prediction information, make multi-objective trade-off decisions, generate and execute pipe jacking attitude control commands.

[0052] Multi-objective trade-off decision-making can be a decision that comprehensively considers multiple objectives such as construction safety, accuracy requirements, efficiency and cost, and seeks the optimal balance between construction efficiency and construction safety in the attitude control scheme.

[0053] The jacking attitude control command can be a specific operation command generated based on the decision results, including the jacking speed adjustment value, the jacking force adjustment range, the grouting pressure setting value, etc.

[0054] Specifically, in the scenario of train operation and underground pipe jacking construction, pipe jacking attitude control often faces multiple conflicting objectives. For example, improving control accuracy may require reducing the jacking speed, affecting construction efficiency; reducing interference with train operation may require adjusting the grouting scheme, increasing construction costs. Existing methods often adopt single-objective optimization (such as only controlling deviation), ignoring the trade-offs of other objectives, resulting in low overall construction efficiency. This step establishes a multi-objective decision matrix to quantify indicators such as deviation risk, construction efficiency loss, and train interference degree in dynamic prediction information, and performs multi-objective optimization of pipe jacking attitude control. Under the premise of ensuring construction accuracy and safety, it takes into account efficiency and cost control, reduces resource waste caused by one-sided decision-making, improves the overall implementation effect and economic benefits of pipe jacking projects, generates and provides the pipe jacking PLC attitude control system, and executes the pipe jacking attitude control instructions.

[0055] This solution integrates multi-dimensional parameters, constructs coupled models, performs dynamic prediction and multi-objective decision-making, forming a complete pipe jacking attitude control system. It solves the problems of isolated parameter analysis, poor model adaptability, prediction lag, and one-sided decision-making in existing methods, and realizes accurate prediction and active control of pipe jacking construction attitude. This improves the construction safety and reliability under train operation lines. Through multi-objective optimization, a balance is achieved between accuracy, efficiency, and cost, promoting the development of pipe jacking construction technology towards intelligence and precision. It is especially suitable for pipe jacking engineering construction under train operation lines.

[0056] In some embodiments, the set of pipe jacking design parameters includes pipe diameter, pipe length, pipe segment connection type, pipe relay station, and pipe grouting hole; the set of formation characteristic parameters includes natural water content of the formation, in-situ permeability coefficient of the formation, and initial stress state of the formation; the set of train operation parameters includes train axle load and train speed; and the set of real-time construction parameters includes pipe jacking force, pipe jacking speed, and pipe grouting volume.

[0057] The diameter of the jacking pipe can be the outer diameter of the jacking pipe.

[0058] The jacking length can be the total length of the jacking pipe.

[0059] The connection method for pipe jacking sections can be a mechanical connection between pipe sections.

[0060] A pipe jacking relay station can be a hydraulic jacking device that advances in sections during long-distance pipe jacking.

[0061] The grouting hole in the jacking pipe can be a hole on the pipe wall used to inject lubricating slurry.

[0062] Specifically, in the scenarios of train operation and underground pipe jacking construction, the pipe jacking design parameter set defines the structural characteristics of the project body. If the pipe diameter is ignored, the correlation between the stability of the excavation face and the ground displacement cannot be quantified; missing pipe section connection data will lead to misjudgment of pipe section misalignment risk; failure to consider the layout of grouting holes will weaken the spatial coverage effect of friction-reducing grout. For example, large-diameter pipe jacking requires higher jacking force to maintain the balance of the excavation face, while socket connection is more sensitive to uneven settlement; by integrating geometric dimensions (diameter, length), structural configuration (connection form, intermediate space), and drag reduction design (grouting holes), basic parameter inputs are provided for jacking mechanical analysis.

[0063] The natural water content of a stratum can be the percentage of water by mass in the pores of the soil and rock.

[0064] The in-situ permeability coefficient of a formation can be defined as the ability of soil or rock to allow fluids to pass through it.

[0065] The initial stress state of the formation can be the three-dimensional stress distribution of the formation before construction.

[0066] Specifically, in the scenarios of train operation and underground pipe jacking engineering, the set of stratum characteristic parameters characterizes the geological conditions of the engineering environment. High water content strata are prone to water inrush at the excavation face, low permeability areas limit the grouting effect, and initial stress imbalance will exacerbate surface subsidence. For example, high permeability in sand layers leads to grout loss, reducing the effectiveness of friction reduction; if only a homogeneous stratum model is used, it will be impossible to predict the risk of sudden subsidence caused by local weak interlayers. Through multidimensional coupled analysis of water content, permeability coefficient, and stress state, stratum sensitivity and potential construction disaster zones can be accurately identified.

[0067] Train axle load can be the static load borne by the wheel bearings of the carriage.

[0068] Train speed can be the train's real-time travel speed.

[0069] Specifically, during train operation and underground pipe jacking construction, the train operation parameter set reflects the disturbance characteristics of external dynamic loads. Axle load directly affects the amplitude of additional stress on the stratum, while the operating speed determines the periodicity and decay rate of the load. For example, low-frequency vibrations of high-speed trains can exacerbate liquefaction of saturated sand, while heavy axle loads can exert downward pressure on the rails, leading to increased downward pressure on the construction stratum and increasing the risk of ground subsidence, negatively impacting the safety of pipe jacking construction. Time-varying monitoring of the axle load-speed combination allows for the dynamic assessment of the disturbance intensity of traffic loads on the stability of pipe jacking construction.

[0070] The jacking force can be the thrust applied to the pipe section by the propulsion system.

[0071] The pipe jacking speed can be the speed at which a pipe section is advanced per unit time.

[0072] The grouting volume of pipe jacking can be the volume of grout injected into the formation per unit time.

[0073] Specifically, for engineering scenarios such as train operation and underground pipe jacking construction, real-time construction parameter sets reveal the dynamic response mechanism of the jacking process. Excessive jacking force may crush pipe sections or disturb the strata, excessive jacking speed may weaken the grouting consolidation effect, and insufficient grouting volume may lead to friction reduction failure. For example, high jacking force accompanied by low grouting volume will significantly increase the probability of surface subsidence, while a sudden increase in jacking speed may cause instability of the excavation face. By real-time coordinated control of thrust, speed, and grouting volume, construction parameters can be dynamically optimized to suppress strata deformation.

[0074] This scheme collects multi-dimensional data on pipe jacking design parameters, geological characteristics, train operation, and real-time construction data to construct a comprehensive data system for construction risk assessment. This eliminates the data blind spots of existing single-parameter assessment methods and establishes a complete and scientific data benchmark for subsequent dynamic coupling analysis of geological and pipe jacking structural parameters, thereby improving the scientific rigor and comprehensiveness of pipe jacking construction scheme design and risk assessment.

[0075] In some embodiments, based on the train axle load and train speed in the train operation parameter set, the static pressure generated by the train axle load on the stratum and the dynamic vibration generated by the train speed on the stratum are analyzed to construct a train-stratum coupling interference model; based on the pipe jacking force and pipe jacking speed in the real-time construction parameter set, the range of squeezing disturbance of the stratum in front of the pipe jacking face is evaluated to construct a construction-stratum coupling interference model; the train-stratum coupling interference model and the construction-stratum coupling interference model are integrated to construct a multi-dimensional coupling interference model.

[0076] The train-soil coupling interference model can be a mathematical model used to describe the interaction between train operating load and soil response.

[0077] The construction-soil coupling disturbance model can be a model that characterizes the coupling relationship between pipe jacking construction parameters and soil disturbance.

[0078] Specifically, during pipe jacking construction in easily subsiding sandstone strata, the interference of train operation and pipe jacking on the strata is not independent but rather coupled. Sandstone strata are characterized by high porosity and low cementation, making their mechanical properties extremely sensitive to external loads. When a train is running, the static pressure generated by the axle load causes an initial stress redistribution in the strata, while the vibration waves generated by the train's speed propagate through the track to the strata, further weakening the cementation structure between sandstone particles and exacerbating the subsidence trend. Simultaneously, during pipe jacking, the jacking force exerts pressure and disturbance on the strata ahead, creating a dynamic additional stress field. Changes in the jacking speed affect the soil expansion rate and the accumulation of pore water pressure. While grouting can alleviate some of these effects... While grouting can reinforce the strata, improper control of grouting pressure can exacerbate strata seepage damage. Considering only the impact of train operation or construction as a single factor can lead to significant deviations in the prediction of strata disturbance. For example, ignoring the pre-damage effect of train vibration on the strata may underestimate the deformation during construction; similarly, failing to consider the changes in strata structure caused by construction stress will result in settlement predictions under train loads that do not match reality. Therefore, constructing a multi-dimensional coupled interference model to systematically integrate the interference factors of train operation and construction is crucial for accurately depicting the dynamic evolution of easily subsiding sandstone strata under combined loads. This provides a reliable theoretical basis for the precise control of pipe jacking attitude. This integration not only reflects… The independent influence of a single factor can better reveal the superimposed effect of the interaction between the two. For example, train vibration can change the distribution of pore water pressure in the formation, thus affecting the diffusion range of grouting during construction, or construction disturbance can change the stress state of the formation, thereby altering the propagation characteristics of train vibration waves. Fully considering these coupling relationships allows for a comprehensive prediction of potential attitude deviation risks before pipe jacking construction, avoiding construction accidents caused by model limitations. The construction process of the train-formation coupling interference model in this step involves: based on train axle load parameters, analyzing the stress state of the wheel-rail contact surface, and combining the system's Hamiltonian function theory to obtain stress distribution characteristics of the contact surface; simultaneously, collecting the geometric dimensions of the track structure (such as track gauge and rail height) and... Material properties (such as elastic modulus and damping ratio) are used to simulate the propagation process of vibration waves from the track to the stratum, taking into account the train's operating speed and track structure characteristics, to determine transmission characteristic parameters such as vibration frequency and amplitude. Then, based on the natural water content and in-situ permeability coefficient of the stratum, the water saturation and permeability of the stratum are analyzed to obtain the attenuation law of vibration wave propagation in the stratum, thus constructing a construction-stratum coupling model. The construction process of the construction-stratum coupling interference model in this step involves: based on the pipe jacking force and the initial stress state of the stratum, using an elastoplastic constitutive model, calculating the distribution of the dynamic additional stress field generated by the pipe jacking face in the stratum ahead; combining the jacking speed parameters, analyzing its influence on the soil compression deformation rate and pore water pressure accumulation, and determining the disturbance rate influence factor.Based on the grouting volume, formation permeability coefficient, and natural water content, the pressure diffusion range of the grout in the formation surrounding the pipe wall is assessed. The range of extrusion disturbance and the grouting pressure diffusion range are coupled and analyzed to clarify the comprehensive influence of construction parameters on the formation stress state, thus constructing a construction-formation coupling model. This step integrates the process of forming a multi-dimensional coupled interference model: key parameters sensitive to easily subsiding sandstone formations in the train-formation and construction-formation models are extracted, such as vibration wave propagation characteristic parameters (dominant frequency, attenuation coefficient) and stress-sensitive parameters (additional stress peak value, stress redistribution range) as coupling interface parameters. The attenuation characteristics of the dominant frequency of vibration waves caused by train operation, the scattering and focusing effect of sandstone fracture zones, and the dynamic response characteristics of pipe jacking start / stop and equipment vibration during construction are analyzed to determine the load superposition effect when both act on the formation. Finally, a multi-dimensional coupled interference model is constructed through wave field superposition analysis and stress field coupling calculation.

[0079] This scheme constructs a multi-dimensional coupled interference model, enabling accurate prediction of the dynamic response of easily subsiding sandstone strata under the combined interference of train operation and pipe jacking construction. The model can reflect the coupling mechanism of different interference factors, providing interference prediction information that is more in line with actual working conditions for pipe jacking attitude control. It can accurately identify stress superposition areas and high settlement risk sections in the strata, providing a scientific basis for the division of disturbance-sensitive sections of the pipe jacking axis, thereby enabling the construction party to formulate targeted attitude control strategies.

[0080] In some embodiments, based on the train axle load in the train operation parameter set, the stress condition at the contact point between the wheel and the rail is analyzed using the system Hamiltonian function to obtain the stress characteristic information of the contact surface; the geometric and material properties of the track structure are obtained; based on the train speed in the train operation parameter set, combined with the geometric and material properties of the track structure, the propagation process of vibration waves generated during train operation from the track to the ground is analyzed to determine the vibration transmission characteristic response characteristics; the contact surface stress characteristic information and the vibration transmission characteristic response characteristics are integrated to establish a train operation-ground coupling numerical model to form a track excitation source; based on the ground characteristic parameter set, the ground weather... Based on the water content and rock mechanics model, the formation water saturation is determined. The in-situ permeability coefficient of the formation is analyzed using the set of formation characteristic parameters to assess the transport capacity of water-solid suspensions in fractures and pores, thus determining the formation's permeability characteristics. Integrating the formation water saturation and permeability characteristics, a formation propagation dataset characterizing the formation's influence on vibration wave propagation is obtained. Using the track disturbance source as input, the track structure-induced vibration wave caused by the train's running load is derived. Based on the track structure-induced vibration wave and the formation propagation dataset, the propagation attenuation law of the track structure-induced vibration wave in the formation medium is analyzed, vibration wave attenuation characteristics are determined, and a train-formation coupling interference model is constructed.

[0081] The Hamiltonian function of a system can be a function that describes the energy of a physical system and is used in mechanics to analyze the motion and force state of the system.

[0082] Track structure characteristics can be a dataset that includes the track's geometric and material properties.

[0083] Geometric characteristics can be the shape and size parameters of the track, such as track gauge and track curve radius.

[0084] Material properties can be data used to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of track materials, such as the strength and toughness of rails.

[0085] Vibration transmission response characteristics can be data used to describe the changes in parameters such as amplitude and frequency of vibration waves during propagation.

[0086] The force characteristics of the contact surface can refer to the magnitude and direction of the force at the contact point between the train wheel and the rail.

[0087] Track disturbance sources can be load sources generated by train operation that can cause vibrations in the track and ground, including disturbance data from track disturbance sources.

[0088] A rock mechanics model can be a mathematical model used to describe the deformation and failure of rocks under stress.

[0089] A water-solid suspension can be a suspension formed by mixing water and solid particles in the formation, which can then migrate through fractures and pores.

[0090] Permeability refers to the ability of a formation to allow fluids such as water to permeate through it, and is characterized by parameters such as the in-situ permeability coefficient of the formation.

[0091] The vibration waves excited by the track structure can be the vibration waves generated by the track structure under the action of train load when the train is running.

[0092] Vibration wave attenuation characteristics can be information that describes the laws and characteristics of amplitude attenuation when vibration waves propagate in the formation medium.

[0093] Specifically, when conducting pipe jacking construction in easily subsiding sandstone strata, the impact of train operation on the strata cannot be ignored. The axle load of the train will generate static pressure on the strata, causing certain compressive deformation. Changes in train speed will trigger dynamic vibrations in the strata, which may exacerbate the settlement and deformation. If the interference of these factors on the strata is not fully considered, the pipe jacking posture may deviate from the design axis during the pipe jacking construction process. In severe cases, it may even lead to the failure of pipe jacking construction, affecting the progress and safety of the project. The load generated by train operation will change the stress state and physical properties of the strata. For easily subsiding sandstone strata, the mechanical properties are relatively poor. Under the repeated action of train loads, settlement and deformation are more likely to occur. Pipe jacking construction needs to be carried out in such strata. The deformation of the strata will directly affect the posture of the pipe jacking, such as the deviation of the pipe axis and the change of slope. If the interference of train operation on the strata cannot be accurately predicted, it is impossible to take effective measures to control the posture of the pipe jacking, which may lead to substandard construction quality or even safety accidents, such as strata collapse and pipe jacking breakage. To address the aforementioned issues, this step employs the following processing procedure: First, based on the train axle load from the train operation parameter set, the Hamiltonian function is used to analyze the force at the wheel-rail contact point in detail. A mechanical model is established to calculate the magnitude and distribution of the force on the contact surface, thereby clarifying the static pressure exerted by the train axle load on the track and ground. Subsequently, the geometric and material properties of the track structure need to be obtained. These parameters can be obtained by consulting design drawings, construction records, or on-site testing. Based on this, and combining the operating speed from the train operation parameter set with the obtained track structure characteristics, the vibration waves generated by the train operation are analyzed from the track to the ground. The process involves discretizing the track (e.g., using finite element or lumped parameter models), applying Hamilton's energy principle, assembling the system's equations of motion that include the mass matrix (inertia), stiffness matrix (from elasticity), and damping matrix (from damping characteristics), establishing a vibration propagation model, considering the track's elastic deformation and damping characteristics, and then determining the characteristic response of vibration transmission. Next, integrating the aforementioned contact surface force characteristics with the vibration transmission characteristic response characteristics, a train operation-soil coupling numerical model is established using numerical simulation software. This model uses the train load as input to simulate the effects of train operation on the track and soil, forming a key track excitation source.On the other hand, considering the geological characteristics, based on the natural water content in the geological characteristic parameter set, combined with the rock mechanics model and taking into account the pore structure and water distribution of the sandstone strata, the water saturation of the strata is calculated. Simultaneously, based on the in-situ permeability coefficient in the geological characteristic parameter set, the transport capacity of the water-solid suspension in fractures and pores is analyzed to determine the permeability characteristics of the strata. Integrating parameters such as the water saturation and permeability characteristics of the strata, a geological propagation dataset is constructed to describe the influence of the strata on the propagation of vibration waves. Finally, the excitation data from the track disturbance source is input into the train operation-soil coupled numerical model to obtain the vibration waves excited by the track structure. Combining this with the geological propagation dataset, the attenuation characteristics of the vibration energy with distance / depth are quantified, and the propagation attenuation law of the vibration wave in the geological medium is analyzed to determine its attenuation characteristics. Based on the obtained vibration wave attenuation characteristics, the wheel-rail force and the vibration response of the wheel-rail foundation are calculated, constructing a train-soil coupled interference model. This model comprehensively reflects the static pressure and dynamic vibration effects of the train load on the strata, laying the foundation for subsequent interference prediction of the pipe jacking attitude.

[0094] This scheme constructs a train-soil coupling interference model, which can comprehensively and accurately consider the static pressure and dynamic vibration effects of train operation on easily subsiding sandstone strata. The model can quantitatively analyze the effects of train axle load and running speed on the strata, providing a reliable basis for predicting interference in the pipe jacking posture. During the pipe jacking construction under train operation, this model can be used to predict in advance the strata deformation and settlement caused by train operation load, thereby taking targeted control measures, adjusting the pipe jacking speed, optimizing the grouting scheme, etc., and improving the stability of the pipe jacking posture.

[0095] Based on the jacking force of the pipe jacking system obtained from the real-time construction parameter set, and combined with the initial stress state of the strata from the strata characteristic parameter set, an elastoplastic constitutive model is used to analyze the dynamic additional stress field applied to the strata ahead at the pipe jacking face. Based on the pipe jacking speed obtained from the real-time construction parameter set, the influence of speed variation on soil expansion rate and pore water pressure accumulation is analyzed, deriving the disturbance rate influence factor. Integrating the dynamic additional stress field and the disturbance rate influence factor, the spatiotemporal evolution of the deformation zone and stress redistribution zone of the corresponding strata within the pipe jacking direction is analyzed, yielding... The range of extrusion disturbance is determined by analyzing the pressure diffusion range of grout in the stratum surrounding the pipe wall during synchronous grouting, based on the grouting volume of the real-time construction parameter set and the in-situ permeability coefficient and natural water content of the stratum in the stratum characteristic parameter set. The range of extrusion disturbance and grouting pressure diffusion are coupled, and combined with the initial stress state of the stratum in the stratum characteristic parameter set, the influence of pipe jacking force, pipe jacking speed, and pipe grouting volume on the initial stress state of the stratum is analyzed, thereby constructing a construction-stratum coupled interference model.

[0096] The dynamic additional stress field can be the time-varying distribution of additional stress applied to the strata ahead by the pipe jacking face.

[0097] Elastoplastic constitutive models can be mathematical models used to describe the elastoplastic deformation characteristics of formation materials under stress.

[0098] The disturbance rate influence factor can be a quantitative indicator that characterizes the degree of influence of changes in pipe jacking speed on soil expansion rate and pore water pressure accumulation.

[0099] The grouting pressure diffusion range can be defined as the range of influence of grout pressure propagation in the strata surrounding the pipe wall during the pipe jacking grouting process.

[0100] Specifically, in pipe jacking construction in easily subsiding sandstone strata, the disturbance to the strata during construction is a key factor leading to loss of control of the pipe jacking posture and stratum settlement. The jacking force acts directly on the stratum ahead; if its impact on the stratum stress state is not considered, the deformation trend of the stratum cannot be accurately assessed. For example, when the jacking force is too large, it may cause plastic failure of the stratum ahead, resulting in large compression deformation, which in turn affects the direction of pipe jacking. Changes in the jacking speed affect the disturbance rate of the soil; excessive speed will cause pore water pressure to accumulate rapidly, reducing the bearing capacity of the stratum and increasing the risk of pipe deviation. The initial stress state of the stratum determines its initial stability; different initial stress distributions will lead to different disturbance effects of pipe jacking on the stratum. Grouting, as an important part of pipe jacking construction, directly affects the stress balance of the stratum and the stability of the soil around the pipe by the amount of grout injected and the diffusion range of the grouting pressure. If the diffusion range of the grouting pressure cannot be accurately analyzed, it may lead to insufficient grouting or excessive grouting. The former cannot effectively support the stratum, while the latter may cause problems such as stratum heave. Therefore, To address the aforementioned issues, this step involves constructing a construction-soil coupling interference model, comprehensively considering the interaction between construction parameters such as pipe jacking force, jacking speed, and grouting volume, and soil characteristic parameters. The process is as follows: First, based on real-time acquired pipe jacking force data and combined with initial soil stress state parameters, an elastoplastic constitutive model is used to analyze the dynamic additional stress field. The jacking force is considered as a distributed load acting on the tunnel face, and the stress distribution and deformation induced by it in the preceding soil are calculated. Stress concentration areas and potential plastic deformation zones are identified. The influence of jacking speed changes is analyzed by determining the disturbance rate influence factor. A mathematical relationship model is established between jacking speed, soil expansion rate, and pore water pressure accumulation. Combined with on-site pore water pressure monitoring data, a factor function characterizing the degree of influence of speed on disturbance rate is fitted. Combining the dynamic additional stress field and the disturbance rate influence factor, the range of squeezing disturbance is assessed. Numerical simulation is used to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of the soil deformation zone and stress redistribution zone along the tunneling direction, and the boundaries and development trends of the squeezing disturbance range are determined. On the other hand, the grouting pressure diffusion range analysis is based on real-time recorded grouting volume data. Combined with the in-situ permeability coefficient and natural water content parameters of the formation, a physical model is established to analyze the seepage behavior of grout in the formation outside the pipe wall during synchronous grouting. The seepage distance and pressure attenuation law are calculated to determine the diffusion range. Finally, by coupling the squeezing disturbance range assessment results with the grouting pressure diffusion range analysis, and combining the initial stress state of the formation, the superimposed influence of key construction parameters such as jacking force, jacking speed, and grouting volume on the initial stress state of the formation is quantitatively analyzed. Thus, a construction-formation coupling interference model that can systematically reflect the impact of the entire pipe jacking construction process on the formation disturbance is constructed.

[0101] The construction-soil coupling interference model constructed through this scheme can accurately assess the range of soil compression disturbance and grouting pressure diffusion during pipe jacking construction. This model can help construction personnel predict potential soil deformation and pipe jacking deviation risks during construction, thereby adjusting construction parameters such as jacking force, jacking speed, and grouting volume in a timely manner to reduce soil disturbance and control the pipe jacking posture. This model can improve the safety and reliability of the construction process, reduce engineering problems such as soil settlement and pipe jacking deviation caused by unreasonable construction parameters, and ensure the smooth progress and quality of pipe jacking construction.

[0102] In some embodiments, based on the train-stratum coupled interference model and the construction-stratum coupled interference model, key stratum parameters that are sensitive to both train vibration transmission and construction stress on easily subsident sandstone layers are analyzed to obtain coupling interface parameters. The coupling interface parameters include train-construction vibration wave propagation characteristic parameters and train-construction stress sensitivity parameters. Train wheel-rail impact and train body vibration during real-time train operation are obtained. Based on the train wheel-rail impact and train body vibration, the dominant frequency attenuation characteristics of vibration waves excited by train load on the stratum and the scattering and focusing effect of vibration energy in the sandstone fracture zone are analyzed. Based on the dominant frequency attenuation characteristics and scattering and focusing effect of vibration waves, train operation interference characteristics are constructed. The system acquires real-time data on the changes in inertial force during pipe jacking startup and shutdown, vibration of the pipe jacking equipment, and abrupt changes in pipe jacking resistance. Based on these data, it analyzes the dynamic response characteristics of pipe jacking construction, deriving dynamic response characteristic curves, which are then used as real-time construction interference features. Based on train operation interference characteristics and real-time construction interference features, it analyzes the vibration wave propagation characteristics and stress sensitivity parameters of the ground caused by train-construction interaction, obtaining the superposition effect of train and construction interaction on the ground data. Finally, based on this superposition effect, a multi-dimensional coupled interference model is constructed.

[0103] The coupling interface parameters can be a set of sensitive parameters that reflect the combined effects of train vibration transmission and construction stress on easily subsident sandstone strata.

[0104] The propagation characteristics of vibration waves from trains and construction equipment on the strata can be quantified as characteristic values ​​of the superimposed propagation of train wheel-rail shock waves and construction equipment vibration waves in the strata.

[0105] The stress-sensitive parameter of the stratum caused by train-construction can be the critical stress value at which the stratum undergoes plastic deformation under combined stress (train static pressure + construction dynamic stress).

[0106] Train wheel-rail impact can be the instantaneous impact load generated at the moment the train wheel comes into contact with the rail.

[0107] Train body vibration can be the periodic vibration of the train body structure during operation, and the frequency is related to the operating speed.

[0108] The attenuation characteristics of the dominant frequency of a vibration wave can be described as the energy attenuation law of the dominant frequency when the vibration wave propagates in the formation medium.

[0109] The scattering focusing effect can be a phenomenon in which vibrational waves accumulate energy locally in sandstone fracture zones due to reflection / refraction.

[0110] Train operation disturbance characteristics can be used to quantitatively describe the impact of vibration waves excited by train operation on the strata.

[0111] The change in inertial force during the start-up and shutdown of the pipe jacking machine can be a sudden change in inertial force generated at the moment of start-up and shutdown.

[0112] Vibration in pipe jacking equipment can be mechanical vibration generated by the rotation of the cutterhead of the tunneling machine.

[0113] Sudden changes in pipe jacking resistance can be caused by abnormal fluctuations in the jacking force due to geological changes during the jacking process.

[0114] The dynamic response characteristic curve of pipe jacking construction can be a curve describing the changes of pipe jacking construction parameters (jacking force, speed) over time, reflecting the intensity of construction disturbance.

[0115] Real-time construction disturbance characteristics can be data extracted from the dynamic response curve of pipe jacking construction to characterize construction disturbance characteristics.

[0116] The superposition effect can be the phenomenon of nonlinear enhancement of the stratum response when train vibration and construction disturbance act together.

[0117] Specifically, in pipe jacking construction in easily subsiding sandstone strata, a single train-stratum or construction-stratum interference model is insufficient to accurately reflect the actual complex mechanical behavior. This is mainly due to the dual complexity of the engineering environment and the sources of interference. The high porosity and permeability of sandstone strata make them extremely sensitive to hydraulic coupling effects. Train vibrations transmitted through the track can cause fluctuations in pore water pressure within fractures, while the jacking force and grouting behavior of pipe jacking construction directly alter the stratum stress field. When these two factors overlap in time and space, the static pressure of the train axle load and the alternating load formed by dynamic vibrations will interact with the jacking... The stress superposition caused by the extrusion force and the resulting ground compression disturbance can trigger resonance if the dominant vibration frequency is close to the natural frequency of the ground, significantly amplifying the risk of pipe deformation. Since the ground is highly sensitive to disturbance, deviations in pipe attitude or excessive settlement may cause leakage of pipe sections or operational accidents. Existing fragmentation analysis models cannot capture such nonlinear coupling effects, which can easily lead to lag in control commands and cause construction safety and economic losses. Therefore, it is urgent to integrate train operation and construction data of different scales through coupling interface parameters to construct a multi-dimensional disturbance model to accurately quantify the superposition effect.This step addresses the aforementioned issues by constructing a multi-dimensional coupled model to comprehensively evaluate the superimposed interference effects of train operation and pipe jacking construction on the formation. The specific implementation process is as follows: First, a foundation is laid by extracting key coupling interface parameters. Based on the train-formation model, the propagation characteristics of vibration waves in sandstone are analyzed using the reflection method. The propagation speed is obtained through ultrasonic testing. Sandstone samples with different water contents are prepared, and the attenuation coefficient at different frequencies is tested using a broadband vibration source. The attenuation coefficient is then fitted to the formation water content using the least squares method. Based on the construction-formation model, the stress increment threshold caused by the jacking force and the grouting pressure diffusion radius are extracted to form key stress... Sensitive parameters (e.g., when the train axle load is 25t and the speed is 80km / h, the vibration wave attenuation coefficient in sandstone with a water content of 15% is 0.2dB / m; when the jacking force is 1500kN, the radius of the area where the additional stress in the stratum exceeds the initial stress by 30% is 2.5m) are used. Based on these parameters, the interference characteristics of train operation and real-time construction are obtained: Regarding train operation interference, wheel-rail impact signals are collected using acceleration sensors under the track, and the dominant frequency components are analyzed using fast Fourier transform; combined with the distribution of sandstone fractures and vibration energy attenuation curves from ground-penetrating radar scans, the scattering focusing effect area is determined (e.g., the energy focusing coefficient in areas with fracture density >10 fractures / m reaches 1.8 times); construction interference... Regarding disturbances, the jacking machine's built-in pressure sensor (accuracy ±5kN) monitors jacking force fluctuations in real time, and encoders record jacking speed changes. Sudden changes in jacking force exceeding the safety threshold (e.g., exceeding normal operating values ​​by 20%) are defined as resistance surge events. Simultaneously, the grouting system flow meter monitors grouting volume fluctuations and analyzes the pressure diffusion range (e.g., diffusion radius reaches 3m when grouting volume is 20m³ / h). Furthermore, the superposition effect of the two disturbance sources is analyzed: a spatiotemporal superposition method is used to convolve the train vibration stress time history curve with the construction stress field to determine the stress superposition region (e.g., during the jacking stage when a train passes, the superimposed stress peak can reach 1.6 times that of a single stress); the lattice Boltzmann algorithm is then used. The seepage-stress coupling relationship was analyzed to obtain the superposition value of the vibration-induced pore water pressure increase and the construction grouting pressure (e.g., a vibration-induced pore water pressure increase of 0.05 MPa superimposed with a grouting pressure of 0.2 MPa results in a cumulative increase of 0.25 MPa). Finally, a multi-dimensional coupling model was constructed: all the above parameters were input into a finite element analysis platform (such as ABAQUS software) to establish a three-dimensional stratum-structure model. The train load was set as a moving load (velocity-time function), and the construction disturbance was set as a dynamic boundary condition (jacking force-displacement function). Using the basic motion equations of transient dynamics, the spatiotemporal evolution of the stratum displacement field and stress field was calculated, thus forming a complete multi-dimensional coupling disturbance model.

[0118] This solution can improve the model's accuracy in predicting ground settlement, reduce single-model errors, identify high-risk coupling areas in advance to enhance risk warning capabilities, avoid accidents such as pipe section misalignment, and guide the dynamic adjustment of pipe jacking parameters, thereby shortening the attitude adjustment response time, ensuring that ground settlement is controlled within a safe range and that the pipe jacking structure is safe, reducing rework and rectification costs, shortening the construction period, and improving construction efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

[0119] In some embodiments, based on the attenuation characteristics of the dominant frequency of vibration waves and the range of compression disturbance, the intersection of the propagation path of train vibration waves and the range of influence generated by real-time construction dynamics is calculated using the wave field superposition spatial analysis method. This determines the spatial distribution of stress superposition regions and the peak stress after superposition in sandstone strata, and yields stress superposition parameters. Based on the scattering focusing effect and the in-situ permeability coefficient of the strata, the cumulative increment of pore water pressure in the fractures of water-bearing sandstone is analyzed, and the cumulative pore water pressure value is obtained. Based on the initial stress state of the strata and the natural water content, the strata expansion rate under superposition disturbance is calculated using the elastoplastic constitutive equation, and the settlement sensitivity coefficient is obtained. Based on the stress superposition parameters, the cumulative pore water pressure value, and the settlement sensitivity coefficient, a coupled framework of solid mechanical field, seepage field, and deformation field is established to quantify the dynamic evolution of the strata under composite disturbance and construct a multi-dimensional coupled disturbance model.

[0120] The stress superposition parameter can characterize the stress peak value and spatial distribution characteristics within the intersection area of ​​the train vibration wave propagation path and the dynamic disturbance range of pipe jacking construction.

[0121] The cumulative value of pore water pressure can be used to quantify the increase in pore water pressure caused by the seepage resistance in the fissures of water-bearing sandstone due to vibration energy.

[0122] The settlement sensitivity coefficient is a dimensionless index that reflects the deformation rate of strata under superimposed disturbances. The larger the value, the more easily the strata are to settle.

[0123] The coupled framework of solid mechanical field, seepage field, and deformation field can be a mathematical model for quantifying the dynamic evolution of formations under combined disturbances, covering the interaction of stress distribution (solid mechanical field), fluid infiltration (seepage field), and formation deformation (deformation field).

[0124] Specifically, in pipe jacking construction in easily subsiding sandstone strata, on the one hand, the vibration waves generated by train operation are transmitted to the strata through the track, causing dynamic displacement of stratum particles and stress redistribution; on the other hand, parameters such as jacking force, jacking speed, and grouting volume during pipe jacking construction will generate static compression and dynamic disturbance to the strata. If these two interfering factors are not integrated and analyzed, it is impossible to accurately capture their superimposed effects in the sandstone strata. This step solves the above problems through the following methods: First, calculate the stress superposition parameters: Based on the dominant frequency attenuation characteristics of vibration waves and the range of construction compression disturbance, the wave field superposition spatial analysis method is used to determine the intersection of the train vibration wave propagation path and the real-time construction dynamic influence area, and then calculate the spatial distribution of the stress superposition area in the sandstone strata and the stress peak value after superposition. On this basis, analyze the cumulative value of pore water pressure: Focus the energy field to disturb the fracture flow, the permeability controls the pressure transmission accumulation, and combine the scattering and focusing effect of vibration energy in the water-bearing sandstone fractures and the in-situ permeability coefficient of the strata, the lattice Boltzmann algorithm is used to quantitatively analyze the cumulative increment of pore water pressure. Furthermore, the settlement sensitivity coefficient is calculated: based on the initial stress state and natural water content of the strata, the expansion rate of the strata under stress-water pressure superimposed disturbance is calculated using the elastoplastic constitutive equation. Finally, a coupled framework is constructed: based on the stress superposition parameters, cumulative pore water pressure, and settlement sensitivity coefficient obtained from the above calculations, the interaction between stress, water pressure, and settlement is quantified using the finite element method (FEM). A coupled framework of solid mechanical field (stress), seepage field (water pressure), and deformation field (settlement) is established to achieve quantitative analysis of the dynamic evolution of the strata under the combined disturbance of train vibration and construction activities, thereby constructing a multi-dimensional coupled disturbance model.

[0125] This solution enables more targeted development of pipe jacking attitude control strategies, effectively suppressing ground subsidence and ensuring the stability of the pipe jacking axis. It can accurately quantify the combined interference effects of train operation and pipe jacking construction on easily subsiding sandstone strata, improve the accuracy of pipe jacking attitude interference prediction, and help construction personnel identify high-risk sections in advance, rationally allocate active control priorities, optimize the allocation of construction resources, improve construction efficiency and reduce project costs while ensuring construction safety. It can also clearly analyze the distribution patterns of stress superposition areas in the strata and the cumulative trend of pore water pressure, providing scientific data support for subsequent multi-objective trade-off decisions.

[0126] Based on stress superposition parameters, spatial coordinates of stress peak values ​​exceeding preset thresholds in sandstone strata are extracted. Combined with the jacking length and the location of jacking relays in the jacking design parameters, the jacking axis is divided into high / medium / low disturbance-sensitive sections. The stiffness characteristics of the jacking pipe joint connection form are obtained. Based on the disturbance-sensitive sections and stiffness characteristics, the angular displacement risk level of the pipe joint under dynamic stress is predicted. Based on the cumulative pore water pressure value and the grouting volume in the jacking design parameter set, the pore water pressure gradient is analyzed. The angular displacement risk level and pore water pressure gradient are integrated to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment. A dynamic disturbance intensity matrix is ​​constructed with the angular displacement risk level as the row dimension, the pore water pressure gradient as the column dimension, and the comprehensive risk as the matrix element. The disturbance intensity is highest when a high angular displacement risk level is superimposed with a high pore water pressure gradient, and lowest when the pore water pressure gradient is lower, thus obtaining dynamic disturbance prediction information.

[0127] The dynamic disturbance intensity matrix can be a mathematical matrix that locates the risk value of a section by rows (corner offset risk) and columns (pore water pressure gradient), and the element values ​​represent the comprehensive risk intensity.

[0128] The disturbance-sensitive section can be an axial section divided according to the spatial distribution of stress peaks and the characteristics of the jacking pipe structure, reflecting the sensitivity of different sections to composite disturbances (high / medium / low levels).

[0129] Stiffness characteristics can be the bending resistance of the pipe section joint, which determines the deformation resistance of the pipe section joint under dynamic stress.

[0130] The risk level of angular deviation can be quantified as the safety risk level of the pipe joint due to insufficient stiffness under dynamic stress (e.g., high / medium / low levels).

[0131] The pore water pressure gradient can be the rate of change of pore water pressure, reflecting the ability of grout injection to balance formation water pressure.

[0132] A comprehensive risk assessment can be a two-dimensional safety evaluation that integrates the risks of angular deviation and pore water pressure imbalance.

[0133] Specifically, sandstone strata are characterized by high porosity and low cementation. When subjected to the combined effects of dynamic loads from train vibrations and static stresses from pipe jacking construction, the internal stress field of the strata undergoes complex changes, easily leading to localized stress concentrations and sudden increases in pore water pressure. This can result in engineering accidents such as pipe axis misalignment and joint failure. Existing single-factor interference prediction methods are insufficient to accurately reflect the dynamic evolution of the strata under multi-dimensional coupling effects. For example, considering only construction stress while ignoring the impact of train vibrations can lead to an underestimation of the strata disturbance range, resulting in delayed pipe jacking attitude control measures. On the other hand, analyzing the train vibration effect alone cannot account for the immediate impact of parameters such as grouting pressure and jacking speed on the strata during construction. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a multi-dimensional model that comprehensively considers both train-strata coupling interference and construction-strata coupling interference. This step addresses the aforementioned issues using the following methods: Key indicators such as stress superposition parameters and pore water pressure accumulation values ​​are extracted from soil pressure sensors and strain gauges near the pipe jacking axis and within its influence range (front, above, side, and below). Geotechnical mechanics mechanisms are utilized to predict complex parameters that are difficult to calculate in real-time within the physical model, enabling accurate prediction of pipe jacking attitude interference. The analysis results of the train vibration wave propagation characteristics and construction compression disturbance range are based on a multi-dimensional coupled interference model. Stress superposition parameters are extracted: A wave field superposition spatial analysis method is used to determine the intersection of the action range of the train vibration wave and the construction stress field. The spatial coordinate distribution of the stress superposition area is calculated in the sandstone strata, yielding the superimposed stress parameters, and stress peak values ​​exceeding a preset threshold are extracted from them. Based on this, and combined with the pipe jacking design parameters (pipe length, intermediate station location), the pipe axis is longitudinally divided into different sections, and disturbance-sensitive sections are defined: according to the spatial distribution of stress superposition parameters, sections with high stress peak values ​​(stress superposition parameter values ​​greater than or equal to the 85th percentile) are classified as high disturbance-sensitive sections, medium-level (stress superposition parameter values ​​between the 15th and 85th percentiles) peak values ​​are classified as medium disturbance-sensitive sections, and low-level (stress superposition parameter values ​​less than or equal to the 15th percentile) peak values ​​are classified as low disturbance-sensitive sections; the risk level of rotational offset is predicted: by obtaining the stiffness characteristic parameters of the pipe jacking section connection type, different... In the disturbance-sensitive section, the stress state of the pipe joint under dynamic stress is analyzed using D'Alembert's principle. By evaluating the stress concentration and stiffness matching at the joint, the possibility of angular displacement of the pipe joint is predicted. The comprehensive evaluation of the two key indicators, stress concentration and stiffness matching, is used to classify the stress concentration into three levels based on the stress concentration coefficient or qualitative analysis: low (stress concentration coefficient ≤ 1.5, geometrically smooth, no defects, uniform stress distribution), medium (1.5 < stress concentration coefficient ≤ 2.5, some discontinuity exists, stress peak is within the allowable range), and high (stress concentration coefficient > 2.5, sharp notches or serious defects exist, stress peak significantly exceeds the standard or high fatigue risk).Stiffness matching is categorized based on stiffness ratio as follows: Good / Low Risk (0.8 ≤ stiffness ratio ≤ 1.25), Average / Medium Risk (1.25 < stiffness ratio ≤ 2.0 or 0.5 ≤ stiffness ratio < 0.8, with acceptable differences), and Poor / High Risk (stiffness ratio > 2.0 or < 0.5, significant stiffness differences, with joints exhibiting obvious flexibility or rigidity). The overall risk level is determined using a risk matrix: when stress concentration is low, the risk is low (good or average stiffness matching) or medium (poor stiffness matching); when stress concentration is medium, the risk is low (good stiffness matching), medium (average stiffness matching), or high (poor stiffness matching); when stress concentration is high, the risk is medium (good stiffness matching) or high (average or poor stiffness matching), thus classifying them into different risk levels such as high, medium, and low. Pore water pressure gradient analysis is performed based on cumulative pore water pressure values, combined with the grouting volume in the pipe jacking design parameters, and considering the in-situ permeability coefficient of the formation and natural... The influence of water cut was investigated by analyzing the distribution pattern of pore water pressure within the formation using the lattice Boltzmann method, and calculating the pore water pressure gradient, which characterizes the rate and direction of water pressure change. A dynamic disturbance intensity matrix was constructed: with the corner offset risk level as the row dimension and the pore water pressure gradient as the column dimension, the coupling effect of the two was comprehensively considered, and the coupling effect of the two was used as the comprehensive risk value. The comprehensive risk value was used as the matrix element (e.g., high corner offset risk and high pore water pressure gradient correspond to high disturbance intensity, and low risk and low gradient combination correspond to low disturbance intensity), forming the final dynamic disturbance prediction information.

[0134] This solution accurately predicts interference risks by comprehensively considering multi-dimensional interference factors during train operation and construction, enabling precise prediction of pipe jacking attitude interference and early identification of high-risk sections. Furthermore, by constructing a dynamic interference intensity matrix, the combined effects of different interference factors are visualized, facilitating the formulation of optimized control strategies. This allows construction teams to develop targeted pipe jacking attitude control strategies based on risk levels, significantly improving the effectiveness and timeliness of control measures. It effectively reduces the risk of pipe jacking attitude loss of control due to inaccurate interference prediction, minimizes engineering accidents, and avoids the impact of overly conservative strategies on efficiency, thus strongly ensuring a balance between construction safety and efficiency.

[0135] Based on the spatial distribution of disturbance-sensitive sections and the location of the pipe jacking relays, the pipe jacking axis is divided into high / medium / low dynamic disturbance intensity sections. High dynamic disturbance intensity sections are designated as first-priority sections; medium dynamic disturbance intensity sections as second-priority sections; and low dynamic disturbance intensity sections as third-priority sections. Based on the first-priority sections, a multi-objective collaborative optimization strategy is implemented: with the primary objective of suppressing settlement, the pipe jacking speed is reduced to a preset safety threshold, and the grouting volume is increased to the pore water pressure gradient equilibrium value. Based on the risk level of rotational offset, the thrust distribution between pipe jacking relays is dynamically adjusted to ensure that adjacent pipes... Inter-segment rotation deviation is controlled within a safe range; based on the secondary priority section, an efficiency-safety balance strategy is implemented: when the risk level of rotation deviation is below the threshold, the designed jacking speed is maintained; when the pore water pressure gradient exceeds the critical value, local pressurized grouting is initiated; based on the tertiary priority section, a construction efficiency priority strategy is implemented: the jacking force and jacking speed are jacked according to the normal construction progress; real-time monitoring of stratum deformation and jacking attitude deviation is obtained; based on the real-time monitoring of stratum deformation and jacking attitude deviation, the actual settlement of sandstone is analyzed; if the actual settlement of sandstone exceeds the predicted safety threshold, a jacking attitude control command is generated and executed.

[0136] Active control priority can be a differentiated control level system for the pipe jacking axis based on the dynamic disturbance intensity of the disturbance-sensitive section.

[0137] The first-priority segment can be the superimposed region of "high angle offset risk + high pore water pressure gradient" in the dynamic disturbance intensity matrix or the superimposed region of "high angle offset risk + medium pore water pressure gradient" in the dynamic disturbance intensity matrix.

[0138] The secondary priority zone can be the superposition area of ​​"medium-angle offset risk + medium-pore water pressure gradient" or the superposition area of ​​"medium-angle offset risk + low-pore water pressure gradient" in the dynamic disturbance intensity matrix.

[0139] The third-priority zone can be the superposition area of ​​"low angle offset risk + low pore water pressure gradient" in the dynamic disturbance intensity matrix.

[0140] A multi-objective collaborative optimization strategy can be a dual-objective decision-making logic that simultaneously optimizes settlement control and corner deviation suppression for a first-priority section.

[0141] The efficiency-safety balance strategy can be a flexible control mode that dynamically switches between "maintaining efficiency" and "safety intervention" in the secondary priority zone.

[0142] The construction efficiency priority strategy can be to maximize the construction progress in the third priority section and advance according to normal parameters.

[0143] Specifically, in pipe jacking construction in easily subsiding sandstone strata, the coupled interference between strata conditions and train operating loads exhibits spatiotemporal variability. Existing single control strategies struggle to simultaneously address settlement control, attitude maintenance, and construction efficiency. Due to the complex geological environment of sandstone, multiple objectives conflict, and existing methods have limitations, failing to consider dynamic coupling effects. By prioritizing segment divisions and employing multi-strategy collaboration, the dominant risks in different segments can be addressed specifically, achieving a balance between safety and efficiency. During pipe jacking construction in easily subsiding sandstone strata, based on the generated dynamic interference intensity matrix, the pipe jacking axis is divided according to disturbance sensitivity... The risk level is divided into three priority zones: Level 1 is a high-risk area with high angular deviation (risk probability > 70%) and high pore water pressure gradient (gradient > 0.2 MPa / m); Level 2 is a medium-risk area (30% ≤ risk probability ≤ 70%) or a single high-parameter area; and Level 3 is a low-risk area (risk probability < 30%). Then, a graded control strategy is implemented for different zones. In Level 1 zones, the jacking speed needs to be reduced to a preset safety threshold (e.g., 50% of the original speed). The jacking cylinder speed is adjusted in real time through the PLC control system to control the grouting... The grouting volume is increased to the equilibrium value of the pore water pressure gradient. A combination of synchronous grouting and supplementary grouting is used, and the thrust distribution between intermediate sections is dynamically adjusted. Pressure sensor feedback data ensures that the angular deviation between adjacent pipe sections is controlled within a safe threshold. In the secondary section, when the angular deviation risk level is below the safe threshold (which can be less than 50% of the normal allowable range), the designed jacking speed is maintained. If it exceeds the threshold, an early warning is activated and the speed is reduced by 10%-20%. When the pore water pressure gradient exceeds the critical value (0.15 MPa / m), local pressurized grouting is initiated through a zoned grouting system. Precise control is implemented, with the jacking force and speed of the three-level sections constructed normally according to the design. The jacking speed is controlled within the conventional operating range (e.g., 8-12 mm / min), and the jacking force does not exceed the safety limit of the equipment's rated value (e.g., 70%). At the same time, data is collected in real time at standard intervals (e.g., 50 cm) using total stations (accuracy ±1 mm) to monitor the deviation of the pipe jacking posture. The amount of ground deformation is monitored using a stratified settlement meter. When the measured settlement exceeds the predicted safety threshold (e.g., 8 mm), an emergency control command is automatically triggered to reassess the priority section and adjust the strategy.

[0144] This solution enables precise hierarchical control through priority section division, focusing on high-risk areas and improving the accuracy of pipe jacking attitude control, keeping the rotation angle deviation within a safe range. In terms of multi-objective collaborative optimization, it both suppresses settlement and ensures construction efficiency, shortening the construction period and reducing grouting material waste compared to existing methods. At the same time, by combining real-time monitoring data to adjust strategies in real time, it has strong dynamic adaptability and can effectively cope with the uncertainties of sandstone strata and the dynamic changes of train operation loads, reducing construction risks and avoiding engineering accidents and economic losses caused by attitude loss of control.

[0145] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a pipe jacking attitude control system for easily subsiding sandstone strata provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3, the pipe jacking attitude control system 300 for easily subsiding sandstone strata in this embodiment includes: a parameter acquisition module 301, an interference modeling module 302, an interference prediction module 303, and a decision control module 304.

[0146] The parameter acquisition module 301 is used to acquire the pipe jacking design parameter set, the geological characteristic parameter set, the train operation parameter set, and the real-time construction parameter set; the interference modeling module 302 is used to construct a multi-dimensional coupled interference model based on the geological characteristic parameter set, the train operation parameter set, and the real-time construction parameter set; the interference prediction module 303 is used to predict the interference of the pipe jacking attitude based on the multi-dimensional coupled interference model and the pipe jacking design parameter set, and obtain dynamic interference prediction information; the decision control module 304 is used to make multi-objective trade-off decisions based on the dynamic interference prediction information, and generate and execute pipe jacking attitude control commands.

[0147] Optionally, the parameter acquisition module 301 includes the following parameters: the pipe jacking design parameter set includes pipe diameter, pipe length, pipe segment connection type, pipe relay station, and pipe grouting hole; the formation characteristic parameter set includes natural water content of the formation, in-situ permeability coefficient of the formation, and initial stress state of the formation; the train operation parameter set includes train axle load and train speed; and the real-time construction parameter set includes pipe jacking force, pipe jacking speed, and pipe grouting volume.

[0148] Optionally, the interference modeling module 302 is specifically used to: analyze the static pressure generated by the train axle load on the stratum and the dynamic vibration generated by the train speed on the stratum based on the train axle load and the train speed in the train operation parameter set, and construct a train-stratum coupled interference model; and evaluate the range of squeezing disturbance of the stratum in front of the pipe jacking face based on the pipe jacking force and the pipe jacking speed in the real-time construction parameter set, and construct a construction-stratum coupled interference model.

[0149] Optionally, the interference modeling module 302 is specifically used for: analyzing the force situation at the contact point between the wheel and the rail based on the train axle load in the train operation parameter set, and obtaining the force characteristic information of the contact surface through the system Hamiltonian function; acquiring the geometric and material characteristics in the track structure characteristics; analyzing the propagation process of vibration waves generated during train operation from the track to the ground based on the train speed in the train operation parameter set, combined with the geometric and material characteristics in the track structure characteristics, and determining the vibration transmission characteristic response characteristics; integrating the contact surface force characteristic information and the vibration transmission characteristic response characteristics to establish a train operation-ground coupling numerical model to form a track disturbance source; and based on the ground characteristics... The natural water content of the formation in the parameter set is combined with a rock mechanics model to determine the formation water saturation. Based on the in-situ permeability coefficient of the formation in the parameter set, the transport capacity of the water-solid suspension in fractures and pores is analyzed to determine the formation permeability characteristics. The formation water saturation and formation permeability characteristics are integrated to obtain a formation propagation dataset characterizing the influence of the formation on the propagation of vibration waves. The track disturbance source is used as input to obtain the track structure-induced vibration waves caused by the train operation load. Based on the track structure-induced vibration waves and the formation propagation dataset, the propagation attenuation law of the track structure-induced vibration waves in the formation medium is analyzed to determine the vibration wave attenuation characteristic information and construct a train-formation coupling interference model.

[0150] Optionally, the disturbance modeling module 302 is specifically used for: based on the jacking force of the pipe jacking in the real-time construction parameter set and combined with the initial stress state of the stratum in the stratum characteristic parameter set, analyzing the dynamic additional stress field applied to the stratum in front at the pipe jacking face through an elastoplastic constitutive model; based on the pipe jacking speed in the real-time construction parameter set, analyzing the influence of the jacking speed change on the soil expansion rate and pore water pressure accumulation, and deriving the disturbance rate influence factor; integrating the dynamic additional stress field and the disturbance rate influence factor, analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution of the deformation zone and stress redistribution zone of the corresponding stratum within the pipe jacking direction. The law is used to obtain the range of the squeezing disturbance; based on the grouting volume of the pipe jacking in the real-time construction parameter set, combined with the in-situ permeability coefficient and natural water content of the formation in the formation characteristic parameter set, the pressure diffusion range of the grout in the formation outside the pipe wall during synchronous grouting is analyzed to obtain the grouting pressure diffusion range; the squeezing disturbance range and the grouting pressure diffusion range are coupled, and combined with the initial stress state of the formation in the formation characteristic parameter set, the influence of the pipe jacking force, pipe jacking speed, and pipe grouting volume on the initial stress state of the formation is analyzed, thereby constructing a construction-formation coupling interference model.

[0151] Optionally, the interference modeling module 302 is specifically used for: analyzing key stratum parameters that are sensitive to both train vibration transmission and construction stress on easily subsiding sandstone layers based on the train-stratum coupled interference model and the construction-stratum coupled interference model, and obtaining coupling interface parameters; the coupling interface parameters include train-construction vibration wave propagation characteristic parameters and train-construction stress sensitivity parameters on the stratum; acquiring train wheel-rail impact and train body vibration during real-time train operation; analyzing the dominant frequency attenuation characteristics of vibration waves excited by train load on the stratum and the scattering and focusing effect of vibration energy in sandstone fracture zones based on the train wheel-rail impact and the train body vibration; and constructing a model based on the dominant frequency attenuation characteristics and the scattering and focusing effect. The system establishes train operation interference characteristics; acquires transient data on pipe jacking start-up and shutdown, vibration of pipe jacking equipment, and sudden changes in pipe jacking resistance during real-time construction; analyzes the dynamic response characteristics of pipe jacking construction based on the pipe jacking start-up and shutdown, vibration of pipe jacking equipment, and sudden changes in pipe jacking resistance, derives dynamic response characteristic curves for pipe jacking construction, and uses these curves as real-time construction interference characteristics; analyzes the vibration wave propagation characteristics parameters of the train-construction interaction on the stratum and the stress sensitivity parameters of the train-construction interaction on the stratum based on the train operation interference characteristics and the real-time construction interference characteristics, obtains the superposition effect of the train and construction interaction on the stratum data; and constructs the multi-dimensional coupled interference model based on the superposition effect of the train and construction interaction on the stratum data.

[0152] Optionally, the interference modeling module 302 is specifically used for: based on the vibration wave's dominant frequency attenuation characteristics and the compression disturbance range, calculating the intersection of the train vibration wave propagation path and the range of influence generated by real-time construction dynamics through wave field superposition spatial analysis, determining the spatial distribution of stress superposition regions and the peak stress after superposition in the sandstone stratum, and obtaining stress superposition parameters; analyzing the cumulative increment of pore water pressure in the water-bearing sandstone fractures based on the scattering focusing effect and the in-situ permeability coefficient of the stratum, and obtaining the cumulative pore water pressure value; calculating the stratum expansion rate under superposition disturbance through the elastoplastic constitutive equation based on the initial stress state of the stratum and the natural water content, and obtaining the settlement sensitivity coefficient; and establishing a coupled framework of solid mechanical field, seepage field, and deformation field based on the stress superposition parameters, the cumulative pore water pressure value, and the settlement sensitivity coefficient, quantifying the dynamic evolution of the stratum under composite disturbance, and constructing the multi-dimensional coupled interference model.

[0153] Optionally, the interference prediction module 303 is specifically used for: extracting the spatial coordinates of the stress peak value exceeding a preset threshold in the sandstone stratum based on the stress superposition parameters; dividing the jacking axis into high / medium / low disturbance-sensitive sections by combining the jacking length and the position of the jacking relay in the jacking design parameters; obtaining the stiffness characteristics of the jacking pipe section connection form; predicting the angular displacement risk level of the pipe section joint under dynamic stress based on the stiffness characteristics of the disturbance-sensitive sections; analyzing and obtaining the pore water pressure gradient based on the cumulative pore water pressure value and the grouting volume in the jacking design parameter set; integrating the angular displacement risk level and the pore water pressure gradient to perform a comprehensive risk assessment; constructing a dynamic interference intensity matrix with the angular displacement risk level as the row dimension, the pore water pressure gradient as the column dimension, and the comprehensive risk as the matrix element; the interference intensity is highest when the angular displacement risk level is superimposed with a high pore water pressure gradient, and lowest otherwise, thus obtaining dynamic interference prediction information.

[0154] Optionally, the decision control module 304 is specifically used for: dividing the jacking axis into high / medium / low dynamic disturbance intensity sections based on the spatial distribution of the disturbance-sensitive sections and the location of the jacking relay stations; setting the high dynamic disturbance intensity sections as first-level priority sections; setting the medium dynamic disturbance intensity sections as second-level priority sections; and setting the low dynamic disturbance intensity sections as third-level priority sections; and executing a multi-objective collaborative optimization strategy based on the first-level priority sections: with the primary objective of suppressing settlement, reducing the jacking speed of the jacking pipe to a preset safety threshold and increasing the grouting volume of the jacking pipe to the pore water pressure gradient equilibrium value; and dynamically adjusting the push of the jacking relay stations based on the corner offset risk level. Force distribution ensures that the angular deviation between adjacent pipe sections is controlled within a safe range. Based on the secondary priority section, an efficiency-safety balance strategy is implemented: when the angular deviation risk level is below the threshold, the designed jacking speed is maintained; when the pore water pressure gradient exceeds the critical value, local pressurized grouting is initiated. Based on the tertiary priority section, a construction efficiency priority strategy is implemented: the jacking force and the jacking speed are jacked according to the normal construction progress. Real-time monitoring of stratum deformation and jacking attitude deviation is obtained. Based on the real-time monitoring of stratum deformation and jacking attitude deviation, the actual settlement of sandstone is analyzed. If the actual settlement of sandstone exceeds the predicted safety threshold, the jacking attitude control command is generated and executed.

[0155] The system in this embodiment can be used to execute the methods of any of the above embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, so they will not be described again here.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the attitude of pipe jacking in easily subsiding sandstone strata, characterized in that, include: A set of design parameters for pipe jacking, a set of geological characteristic parameters, a set of train operation parameters, and a set of real-time construction parameters are obtained. The set of design parameters for pipe jacking includes pipe diameter, pipe length, pipe segment connection type, pipe relay station, and grouting holes. The set of geological characteristic parameters includes natural water content of the formation, in-situ permeability coefficient of the formation, and initial stress state of the formation. The set of train operation parameters includes train axle load and train speed. The set of real-time construction parameters includes pipe jacking force, pipe jacking speed, and grouting volume. Based on the set of geological characteristic parameters, the set of train operation parameters, and the set of real-time construction parameters, a multi-dimensional coupled interference model is constructed. Based on the multi-dimensional coupled interference model and the pipe jacking design parameter set, interference prediction of the pipe jacking attitude is performed to obtain dynamic interference prediction information, including: extracting the spatial coordinates of the stress peak exceeding a preset threshold in the sandstone strata based on stress superposition parameters; dividing the pipe jacking axis into high / medium / low disturbance-sensitive sections based on the pipe jacking length and the position of the pipe jacking relay in the pipe jacking design parameters; obtaining the stiffness characteristics of the pipe section connection form; predicting the risk level of the pipe section joint rotation under dynamic stress based on the stiffness characteristics of the disturbance-sensitive sections; and predicting the risk level of the pipe section joint rotation under dynamic stress based on the accumulated pore water pressure value and the pipe jacking design parameters. The grouting volume of the pipe jacking system is analyzed to obtain the pore water pressure gradient. The corner offset risk level and the pore water pressure gradient are integrated to perform a comprehensive risk assessment. A dynamic disturbance intensity matrix is ​​constructed using the corner offset risk level as the row dimension, the pore water pressure gradient as the column dimension, and the comprehensive risk as the matrix element. The disturbance intensity is highest when the corner offset risk level is high and the pore water pressure gradient is high, and vice versa, thus obtaining dynamic disturbance prediction information. Based on the dynamic disturbance prediction information, multi-objective trade-off decisions are made to generate and execute pipe jacking attitude control commands, including: based on the spatial distribution of the disturbance-sensitive section, ... Based on the locations of the intermediate sections in the pipe jacking system, the pipe jacking axis is divided into high / medium / low dynamic interference intensity zones. High dynamic interference intensity zones are designated as first-priority zones; medium dynamic interference intensity zones as second-priority zones; and low dynamic interference intensity zones as third-priority zones. Based on the first-priority zones, a multi-objective collaborative optimization strategy is implemented: with the primary objective of suppressing settlement, the pipe jacking speed is reduced to a preset safety threshold, and the grouting volume is increased to the pore water pressure gradient equilibrium value. Based on the risk level of angular deviation, the thrust distribution between the intermediate sections is dynamically adjusted to control the angular deviation between adjacent pipe sections within a safe range. Within the specified atmosphere; based on the secondary priority section, an efficiency-safety balance strategy is implemented: when the corner offset risk level is below the threshold, the designed jacking speed is maintained; when the pore water pressure gradient exceeds the critical value, local pressurized grouting is initiated; based on the tertiary priority section, a construction efficiency priority strategy is implemented: the jacking force and the jacking speed of the pipe are jacked according to the normal construction progress; real-time monitoring of stratum deformation and pipe attitude deviation is obtained; based on the real-time monitoring of stratum deformation and pipe attitude deviation, the actual settlement of sandstone is analyzed; if the actual settlement of sandstone exceeds the predicted safety threshold, the pipe attitude control command is generated and executed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional coupling interference model is constructed based on the set of geological characteristic parameters, the set of train operation parameters, and the set of real-time construction parameters. This includes: analyzing the static pressure exerted on the stratum by the train axle load and the dynamic vibration exerted on the stratum by the train speed, based on the train axle load and train speed in the set of train operation parameters, to construct a train-stratum coupling interference model; evaluating the range of compression disturbance to the stratum ahead by the pipe jacking face, based on the pipe jacking force and pipe jacking speed in the set of real-time construction parameters, to construct a construction-stratum coupling interference model; and integrating the train-stratum coupling interference model and the construction-stratum coupling interference model to construct the multi-dimensional coupling interference model.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method involves analyzing the static pressure exerted by the train axle load on the ground and the dynamic vibration exerted by the train speed on the ground, based on the train operation parameter set and the train axle load and train speed, to construct a train-ground coupling interference model. This includes: analyzing the force conditions at the wheel-rail contact point using the system Hamiltonian function based on the train axle load in the train operation parameter set, obtaining the contact surface force characteristics; acquiring the geometric and material properties of the track structure; analyzing the propagation process of vibration waves generated during train operation from the track to the ground based on the train speed in the train operation parameter set, combined with the geometric and material properties of the track structure, to determine the vibration transmission response characteristics; and integrating the contact surface force characteristics information with the vibration transmission response characteristics. A numerical model of train operation-stratum coupling is established to form a track disturbance source. Based on the natural water content of the stratum in the set of stratum characteristic parameters, combined with a rock mechanics model, the water saturation of the stratum is determined. Based on the in-situ permeability coefficient of the stratum in the set of stratum characteristic parameters, the transport capacity of water-solid suspension in fractures and pores is analyzed to determine the permeability characteristics of the stratum. The water saturation and permeability characteristics of the stratum are integrated to obtain a stratum propagation dataset characterizing the influence of the stratum on the propagation of vibration waves. Using the track disturbance source as input, the track structure-induced vibration wave caused by the train operation load is obtained. Based on the track structure-induced vibration wave and combined with the stratum propagation dataset, the propagation attenuation law of the track structure-induced vibration wave in the stratum medium is analyzed to determine the vibration wave attenuation characteristic information and construct a train-stratum coupled interference model.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method, based on the jacking force and jacking speed of the real-time construction parameter set, assesses the range of compression disturbance of the underlying layer within the jacking direction and constructs a construction-soil coupling disturbance model. This includes: based on the jacking force of the real-time construction parameter set and combined with the initial stress state of the stratum in the stratum characteristic parameter set, analyzing the dynamic additional stress field applied to the stratum ahead at the jacking face using an elastoplastic constitutive model; based on the jacking speed of the real-time construction parameter set, analyzing the influence of jacking speed changes on soil expansion rate and pore water pressure accumulation, deriving a disturbance rate influence factor; and integrating the dynamic additional stress field and the disturbance rate influence factor to analyze the jacking direction... The spatiotemporal evolution of the deformation zone and stress redistribution zone of the corresponding strata is used to obtain the range of the extrusion disturbance. Based on the grouting volume of the pipe jacking in the real-time construction parameter set, combined with the in-situ permeability coefficient and natural water content of the strata in the strata characteristic parameter set, the pressure diffusion range of the grout in the strata surrounding the pipe wall during synchronous grouting is analyzed to obtain the grouting pressure diffusion range. The extrusion disturbance range and the grouting pressure diffusion range are coupled, and combined with the initial stress state of the strata in the strata characteristic parameter set, the influence of the pipe jacking force, pipe jacking speed, and pipe grouting volume on the initial stress state of the strata is analyzed to construct a construction-strata coupled interference model.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The integration of the train-stratum coupling interference model and the construction-stratum coupling interference model to construct the multi-dimensional coupling interference model includes: based on the train-stratum coupling interference model and the construction-stratum coupling interference model, analyzing key stratum parameters that are sensitive to both train vibration transmission and construction stress in easily subsident sandstone layers to obtain coupling interface parameters; the coupling interface parameters include train-construction vibration wave propagation characteristic parameters and train-construction stress sensitivity parameters; acquiring train wheel-rail impact and train body vibration during real-time train operation; based on the train wheel-rail impact and train body vibration, analyzing the vibration wave dominant frequency attenuation characteristics excited by train load on the stratum and the scattering and focusing effect of vibration energy in sandstone fracture zones; based on the vibration wave dominant frequency attenuation... Based on the characteristics and the scattering and focusing effect, train operation interference characteristics are constructed; the start and stop of pipe jacking, vibration of pipe jacking equipment, and sudden changes in pipe jacking resistance during real-time construction are obtained; based on the start and stop of pipe jacking, vibration of pipe jacking equipment, and sudden changes in pipe jacking resistance, the dynamic response characteristics of pipe jacking construction are analyzed, and the dynamic response characteristic curve of pipe jacking construction is obtained, which is used as the real-time construction interference characteristic; based on the train operation interference characteristics and the real-time construction interference characteristics, the vibration wave propagation characteristic parameters of train-construction on the stratum and the stress sensitivity parameters of train-construction on the stratum are analyzed, and the superposition effect of train and construction on the stratum data is obtained; based on the superposition effect of train and construction on the stratum data, the multi-dimensional coupled interference model is constructed.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional coupled interference model, based on the superposition effect of the train and construction on the stratum data, includes: 1) Calculating the intersection of the train vibration wave propagation path and the impact range of real-time construction dynamics using wavefield superposition spatial analysis based on the vibration wave's dominant frequency attenuation characteristics and the compression disturbance range, determining the spatial distribution of stress superposition regions and the peak stress after superposition in the sandstone stratum, and obtaining stress superposition parameters; 2) Analyzing the cumulative increment of pore water pressure in the water-bearing sandstone fractures based on the scattering and focusing effect and the in-situ permeability coefficient of the stratum, obtaining the cumulative pore water pressure value; 3) Calculating the stratum expansion rate under superposition disturbance using elastoplastic constitutive equations based on the initial stress state of the stratum and the natural water content, obtaining the settlement sensitivity coefficient; 4) Establishing a coupled framework of solid mechanics field, seepage field, and deformation field based on the stress superposition parameters, the cumulative pore water pressure value, and the settlement sensitivity coefficient, quantifying the dynamic evolution of the stratum under combined disturbance, and constructing the multi-dimensional coupled interference model.

7. A pipe jacking attitude control system for easily subsiding sandstone strata, characterized in that, The method described in any one of claims 1-6 includes: a parameter acquisition module for acquiring a set of pipe jacking design parameters, a set of geological characteristic parameters, a set of train operation parameters, and a set of real-time construction parameters; an interference modeling module for constructing a multi-dimensional coupled interference model based on the set of geological characteristic parameters, the set of train operation parameters, and the set of real-time construction parameters; an interference prediction module for predicting interference in the pipe jacking attitude based on the multi-dimensional coupled interference model and the set of pipe jacking design parameters, thereby obtaining dynamic interference prediction information; and a decision control module for making multi-objective trade-off decisions based on the dynamic interference prediction information, thereby generating and executing pipe jacking attitude control commands.

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