Method and device for eluting sediment in coordination with disturbance identification and substrate reconstruction

Abstract

The present application relates to water environment remediation technical field, solved the existing bottom mud pollution in situ remediation technology generally exists the technical problem of blind disturbance, release uncontrollable, ecological recovery disjoint, especially relates to a kind of disturbance identification and bottom material reconstruction collaborative bottom mud elution method and device, by obtaining sediment in situ information and analyzing the distribution and disturbance sensitivity of aggregate;In sensitive area, implement pulse radial jet disturbance, and in the process of disturbance, microcapsule type adsorption particles are simultaneously added to adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants;After disturbance is completed, target area is laid with permeability bottom material, and bottom structure beneficial to submerged plant planting is formed;Finally, through dynamic water quality monitoring, adjust the disturbance and reconstruction strategy, realize whole process optimization control.The present application can realize the efficient identification and controllable disturbance of pollution aggregate in bottom mud, give consideration to pollutant reduction and ecological substrate reconstruction, and is suitable for ecological remediation engineering of polluted water body such as lake and reservoir.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological environment restoration and water treatment technology, specifically to a method and apparatus for sediment elution that combines disturbance identification and sediment reconstruction. It is applicable to water ecological restoration scenarios such as the controllable removal of pollutant aggregates in river and lake sediments, optimization of water body sediment structure, and reconstruction of submerged plant habitats. Background Technology

[0002] As a major reservoir of endogenous pollutants in rivers and lakes, sediment is a key component of water quality. Studies show that pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals exist stably in sediment primarily through particulate attachment and aggregate encapsulation. However, they are highly susceptible to resuspension and release when subjected to hydrodynamic or anthropogenic disturbances. While conventional sediment dredging techniques can remove pollutants in the short term, they suffer from significant operational disturbances and high costs associated with subsequent ecological restoration. In contrast, sediment elution technology, as a gentler in-situ remediation method, has gained widespread attention in recent years. This technology releases pollutant-rich aggregates from the sediment surface to the upper water body through low-intensity disturbance, and then removes them through adsorption, sedimentation, and plant uptake, thereby controlling endogenous pollutants and purifying water quality. However, existing sediment elution technologies still have the following significant shortcomings:

[0003] Poor precision of disturbance and uncontrollable process: Traditional disturbance methods mostly use mechanical scraping or continuous water jetting, which lack the means to identify the spatial distribution of surface agglomerates in bottom sediment and the sensitivity to disturbance. The disturbance process is prone to causing the release of pollutants.

[0004] Lack of stability building mechanism after disturbance: After the disturbance is removed, the bottom is exposed and loose, which is easily disturbed again by subsequent hydrodynamic disturbances, and it is not conducive to the rooting and establishment of aquatic plants, resulting in insufficient maintenance function.

[0005] Disconnection between disturbance and habitat restoration: Existing technologies mostly focus on the elution effect itself, lacking a systematic linkage design of disturbance-adsorption-reconstruction-ecological restoration, making it difficult to achieve synergistic optimization between disturbance and aquatic ecosystem restoration.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a systematic sediment washing method and device with disturbance identification capability, disturbance release control capability, and bottom sediment reconstruction synergistic capability, so as to achieve directional identification and controllable disturbance of pollutant aggregates, synchronous adsorption and capture of pollutants, rapid reconstruction of bottom sediment in the disturbed area, and efficient introduction and establishment of submerged plants, thereby fundamentally improving the efficiency and sustainability of river and lake ecological restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method and apparatus for sediment elution that combines disturbance identification and sediment reconstruction. In particular, it is a collaborative treatment system for identifying, disturbing, adsorbing, and reconstructing habitats of pollutant aggregates in sediments of eutrophic water bodies. Specifically, it discloses a method and apparatus for sediment elution that combines disturbance identification and sediment reconstruction.

[0008] Existing in-situ remediation technologies for contaminated sediments generally suffer from problems such as indiscriminate disturbance, uncontrollable release, and disconnect from ecological restoration. Especially in situations with uneven distribution of pollutant aggregates and excessively strong or weak hydrodynamic disturbances, traditional methods struggle to simultaneously control pollutant release and rebuild the bottom ecosystem. This invention aims to provide a sediment washing system with sensitive identification capabilities for pollutant aggregates, adaptive regulation of disturbance intensity, and rapid habitat construction after disturbance, achieving a comprehensive remediation strategy encompassing "directional release – simultaneous adsorption – functional reconstruction – ecological closed loop." To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A sediment elution method that combines disturbance identification and sediment reconstruction mainly includes the following steps:

[0010] S1. Identification of pollutant aggregates and grading analysis of disturbance sensitivity.

[0011] Furthermore, in-situ information of sediments is obtained in the water body to be restored. This in-situ information includes at least surface image data and grain size inversion maps. Preferably, the in-situ information is obtained by a joint sensing module: an underwater image acquisition device acquires surface images with a resolution of not less than 1920×1080 for edge / texture feature extraction; a multi-frequency ultrasonic probe operates in the 1–10 MHz frequency band to acquire profile echoes and invert grain size distribution and sediment thickness. The images and ultrasonic signals are simultaneously uploaded to the aggregate recognition and processing module for image-grain size fusion modeling.

[0012] Furthermore, the aggregate identification and processing module includes: an image feature extraction unit based on improved YOLO and a particle size analysis unit based on multi-frequency ultrasound inversion, which respectively output edge sharpness. E i Texture change rate T i Particle size standard deviation S i Deposition thickness H i and the density of aggregates per unit area ρ i Preferably, the feature quantities are standardized or normalized (e.g., Min–Max) before being input into the scoring function, or the corresponding weights absorb dimensional conversion factors to ensure consistency and comparability of the calculations.

[0013] This invention employs the GTI-Cluster fusion method to grade and score the sensitivity of aggregates to perturbation. The scoring function is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] in, For the first Perturbation sensitivity score for each aggregate region; ~ These are the weight coefficients determined from the training data.

[0016] Preferably, based on D i A perturbation sensitivity hierarchical layer is constructed, and perturbation priority control parameters are output to provide spatial and intensity constraints for subsequent directional perturbations.

[0017] S2, Controllable disturbance execution.

[0018] Furthermore, in regions rich in agglomerates and highly sensitive to agglomerates, the perturbation execution module performs directional perturbation of the pulsed radial jet; the shear rate is preferably controlled within 3–10 s. -1 The disturbance depth does not exceed 5cm. The module includes an array of radial jet nozzles and an electric control structure, which, in conjunction with a pulse frequency conversion water pump system, achieves periodic pulse output at intervals of 0.1 to 0.5 seconds. Further, the control unit outputs the signal according to step S1. D i Its spatial gradient dynamically adjusts the nozzle operating frequency, spray angle and outflow rate to achieve "selective area disturbance and moderate loosening" in order to suppress sudden release caused by disturbance and improve disturbance energy efficiency.

[0019] S3. Simultaneous adsorption control of pollutant release.

[0020] Furthermore, before or during directional perturbation, microcapsule-type adsorbent particles are simultaneously added to the target area by the adsorbent particle addition module. Preferably, the particles have a double-layer structure: the porous adsorbent material as the core has a specific surface area of ​​not less than 200 m². 2 A porous adsorbent material (such as iron-rich clay, biochar, or modified zeolite) is used to selectively adsorb nitrogen / phosphorus endogenous pollutants induced by disturbance. A biodegradable polymer coating layer, 20–100 μm thick, acts as the outer shell, controlling the particle release rate, enhancing suspension stability in water, and preventing aggregation. Preferably, the particle size is controlled between 0.1 and 0.8 mm, and the particles are atomized / anti-clogging quantitatively injected using a pressure injection system to ensure uniform distribution within the disturbance layer. This time-space coordination with the jet window achieves peak-shaving and capture of released particles.

[0021] S4, Substrate permeability reconstruction.

[0022] Furthermore, after the disturbance is completed, the substrate reconstruction module lays a permeable improving material onto the target area. Preferred materials include natural zeolite, lightweight ceramsite, or quartz sand with a particle size of 0.5–2.0 cm, forming a substrate structure with high aeration, high stability, and suitable for the penetration of submerged plant roots. Further, a permeable improving material storage tank is set at the bottom, and the material is uniformly dispensed at a preset rate using a quantitative dispensing mechanism (such as a spiral conveyor or gravity flow control). The dispensing process is linked to the disturbance execution module, completing the laying within a preset time window after the disturbance ends. If necessary, bioactive microparticles or beneficial bacteria are introduced to promote plant colonization and the construction of the rhizosphere microecology.

[0023] S5. Linkage between water quality feedback regulation and ecological restoration.

[0024] Furthermore, submerged plants were introduced within 24–72 hours after the substrate reconstruction was completed, and a feedback control system was used for online monitoring of multiple parameters, including at least transparency, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). Furthermore, a perturbation-controlled feedback model was used for closed-loop optimization of the entire process.

[0025]

[0026] in, This is the disturbance intensity adjustment function; , , These are the differences between the current value and the set value, respectively. , , To adjust the weighting factor, the data processing and control unit automatically adjusts the perturbation frequency and shear rate, the acceleration rate of adsorbed particles, and the release rate of substrate materials, thereby synergistically optimizing the perturbation frequency, material input, and habitat stability to form a closed-loop response mechanism of "perturbation-release-reconstruction-repair".

[0027] Based on the above-mentioned technical solutions corresponding to the sediment elution method, the present invention also provides a technical solution for implementing the above-mentioned sediment elution method, specifically a sediment elution apparatus including the following modules:

[0028] The joint sensing module is used for in-situ sediment information acquisition, specifically including: an underwater image acquisition device, which acquires underwater images with a resolution of no less than 1920×1080, used to obtain surface images of sediments and extract edge and texture features; and a multi-frequency ultrasonic probe, with an operating frequency of 1~10MHz, used to acquire sediment profile reflection signals and invert grain size distribution. Image data and ultrasonic signals are simultaneously acquired and uploaded to the aggregate recognition and processing module for fusion modeling.

[0029] The aggregate identification and processing module is used to perform fusion identification and sensitivity scoring on the collected data. Specifically, it includes: an image feature extraction unit, which extracts image vectors such as edge morphology, color texture and regional density of aggregates based on the improved YOLO algorithm; and a particle size analysis unit, which performs cluster analysis on the ultrasonic inversion data to obtain the particle size distribution information corresponding to the aggregates.

[0030] The disturbance execution module is used to perform directional disturbance operations in the aggregate enrichment area. Specifically, it includes: multiple radial jet nozzles arranged in an array at the bottom of the sediment washing device, each with an adjustable spray angle and outflow rate via an electric mechanism; and a pulse variable frequency water pump system that provides periodic water flow pulses at 0.1–0.5 s intervals to control the shear rate within 3–10 s. -1 The disturbance depth shall not exceed 5cm, and directional disturbance and intensity classification control shall be performed according to priority parameters.

[0031] The adsorption particle dosing module is used to simultaneously add microcapsule-type adsorption particles with selective adsorption function, specifically including: a core with a specific surface area of ​​not less than 200 m². 2 / g, selected from iron-rich clay, biochar or modified zeolite, is used to selectively adsorb endogenous pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus generated during the disturbance release process; the outer shell is a biodegradable polymer coating layer with a thickness of 20-100μm, made of polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) or their copolymers, used to control the particle release rate, enhance the suspension stability in water and prevent aggregation; the particle size of the microcapsule-type adsorbent particles is controlled at 0.1-0.8mm, and is uniformly distributed in the disturbance area through a pressure injection system to achieve synchronous and coordinated control with the disturbance operation.

[0032] The substrate reconstruction module is used to lay a permeable substrate suitable for plant growth after disturbance. Specifically, it includes: a permeable improvement material storage chamber set at the bottom of the device, which is filled with natural zeolite, lightweight ceramsite, or quartz sand with a particle size of 0.5-2.0 cm to provide good pore structure and water and air permeability; a quantitative dispensing mechanism connected to the storage chamber, which uses a screw conveyor or gravity flow control device to control the material release rate; the permeable improvement material dispensing process is linked with the disturbance execution module to ensure that the permeable improvement material is evenly laid within a preset time window after the disturbance ends, forming a highly aerated substrate structure suitable for submerged plants to take root, and introducing bioactive microparticles or beneficial bacteria when necessary to promote plant establishment.

[0033] The feedback control system is used to achieve coordinated control of disturbance intensity, particle dosing, and sediment remodeling. Specifically, it includes: a feedback control system integrating water quality sensors and a main control unit, which dynamically adjusts the disturbance intensity, particle concentration, and remodeling strategy based on changes in water quality indicators; and a multi-parameter water quality sensor positioned above the disturbance area for real-time monitoring of water quality indicators such as transparency, conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP).

[0034] The data processing and control unit employs a disturbance control feedback model, comparing data collected by multi-parameter water quality sensors with preset thresholds. The data processing and control unit adjusts the data according to a disturbance intensity function. The pulse frequency and shear rate of the disturbance execution module, the acceleration rate of the adsorption particle addition module, and the release rate of the substrate reconstruction module are automatically adjusted to achieve dynamic coordination of disturbance frequency, material input, and habitat stability.

[0035] By employing the above technical solution, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for sediment elution that combines disturbance identification and sediment reconstruction, which has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0036] Strong cluster recognition capability: It pioneered an image-sound wave coupled parallel acquisition and fusion recognition system, combined with GTI-Cluster nonlinear scoring, to form a sensitivity classification layer and disturbance priority parameters, resulting in accurate positioning and strong real-time performance.

[0037] Refined Disturbance Control: Starting from the functional chain of "identification-execution", with D i The direct-drive nozzle array's spatial-intensity distribution, combined with pulsed radial jets, effectively suppresses sudden releases and ineffective disturbances.

[0038] The adsorption process is coupled with design: the microcapsule structural parameters (core surface area, shell thickness, particle size) are matched with the timing of the perturbation pulse to form a short window for efficient trapping, significantly improving adsorption efficiency. , Peak reduction and removal efficiency of endogenous pollutants.

[0039] Ecological reconstruction of substrate: The permeability-improving material constructs a highly aerated substrate, and bioactive microparticles / microbial communities can be introduced to promote colonization; it provides physical and micro-ecological dual support for the subsequent restoration and stability of plant communities.

[0040] Closed-loop optimization of control system: based on F t The feedback integrates DO / ORP / EC into the entire process of adaptive scheduling, automatically linking disturbance intensity, particle addition and material release to achieve dynamic coordination of disturbance frequency, material input and habitat stability.

[0041] High system integration and strong portability: The modular structure design allows for deployment and combination as needed, making it suitable for different water body sizes and remediation depth requirements.

[0042] In summary, this invention establishes for the first time an intelligent sediment remediation technology system with the identification of pollutant aggregate disturbances as the core, supplemented by the coupling of adsorption and reconstruction and closed-loop feedback regulation. While ensuring the pollution removal effect, it effectively takes into account the underlying ecological structure and restoration efficiency. It is applicable to the in-situ remediation needs of typical water environments such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, and has broad engineering promotion value and ecological benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0044] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the sediment elution method in this invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom mud washing device in this invention.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the joint sensing module in this invention;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the disturbance execution module in this invention;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the adsorption particle dosing module in this invention;

[0049] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the substrate reconstruction module in this invention.

[0050] In the picture:

[0051] 1. Joint sensing module; 101. Underwater image acquisition device; 102. Multi-frequency ultrasonic probe;

[0052] 2. Aggregate recognition and processing module;

[0053] 3. Disturbance execution module; 301. Radial jet nozzle; 302. Electric control structure;

[0054] 4. Adsorption particle dosing module; 401. Porous adsorption material; 402. Biodegradable polymer coating layer; 403. Pressure injection system;

[0055] 5. Substrate reconstruction module; 501. Storage silo; 502. Quantitative dispensing mechanism;

[0056] 6. Feedback control system. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This will allow for a full understanding of how the present application uses technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects, and to facilitate its implementation.

[0058] Example 1:

[0059] A 10m × 10m work area (average water depth 1.3m, surface layer silty sediment) was selected on the outer side of the shoreline of a typical eutrophic inland lake. A sediment washing operation combining disturbance identification and sediment reconstruction was conducted using the device of this invention. The sediment washing device includes a joint sensing module 1, an aggregate identification and processing module 2, a disturbance execution module 3, an adsorbent particle addition module 4, a sediment reconstruction module 5, and a feedback control system 6.

[0060] The joint sensing module 1 performs synchronous acquisition above the work area using a 0.5m grid (20×20=400 sub-areas in total): underwater image acquisition device 101: resolution ≥1920×1080, frame rate 30fps; used for edge and texture feature extraction; multi-frequency ultrasonic probe 102: frequency 1~10MHz (3 / 8MHz dual frequency is used in this example), used for profile echo acquisition and particle size inversion.

[0061] The collected data is fed into the aggregate recognition and processing module 2, where edge sharpness is obtained in the image feature extraction unit. E i Texture change rate T i In the particle size analysis unit, the standard deviation of particle size is obtained. S i Deposition thickness H i And calculate the distribution density of aggregates per unit area. ρ i Each feature is first standardized to 0-1 according to the Min–Max method, and then substituted into the sensitivity scoring function, i.e.:

[0062]

[0063] Where σ(·) is the Sigmoid function. The weights are determined through pre-experiment training as follows:

[0064] w 1 = 0.25, w 2 = 0.20, w 3 = 0.20, w 4 = 0.20, w5 = 0.15.

[0065] Here are three example calculations using representative subregions (all standardized values):

[0066] R1 (High Sensitivity): (E, T, S, H, ρ) = (0.98, 0.95, 0.90, 0.80, 0.95);

[0067] z = 0.25 × 0.98 + 0.20 × 0.95 2 +0.20×ln(1+0.90)+0.20×0.80+0.15×0.95=0.24500+0.18050+0.12837+0.16000+0.14250=0.85637;

[0068]

[0069] R2 (Medium Sensitivity): (0.65, 0.60, 0.50, 0.40, 0.55) → D2≈0.617;

[0070] R3 (low sensitivity): (0.25, 0.30, 0.10, 0.20, 0.20) → D3≈0.542;

[0071] Grading and Threshold: Let the sensitivity threshold be θ = 0.65. When D i Values ​​≥0.65 are considered priority disturbance regions (e.g., R1), while values ​​≤0.55 are considered priority disturbance regions. D i <0.65 is the second priority region (e.g., R2), when D i A value <0.55 is considered a temporary disturbance buffer zone (e.g., R3). This is used to create a sensitivity layer and priority parameters for subsequent disturbance control. In this embodiment, "high sensitivity / medium sensitivity / low sensitivity" refers to different levels of sensitivity within the disturbance sensitivity grading layer. D i Example identifiers for numerical ranges (e.g., threshold θ=0.65, bandwidth δ=0.10: high sensitivity) D i ≥θ, moderate sensitivity θ–δ≤ D i <θ, low sensitivity D i <θ–δ), is used only to describe job priority and does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection.

[0072] Based on the previous step D i Layers, perturbation execution module 3 only for D iHigh-intensity perturbation is applied to the grid area with a strength of ≥0.65, half-intensity perturbation with a reduction of 30% is applied to the area with a strength of 0.55 to 0.65, and no perturbation is applied to the rest.

[0073] Nozzle array: Six radial jet nozzles 301, double-ring array, spray angle 45°;

[0074] Pulse and flow field: Pulse period 0.3s, outflow velocity 0.12m·s -1 The shear rate is set to 6.5 s. -1 ;

[0075] Disturbance depth: ≤5cm, approximately 4cm in this example;

[0076] Operation duration and area: 15 minutes per wheel, effective disturbance area approximately 8m² 2 (Covering a highly sensitive grid). The electric control structure 302 automatically corrects the operating frequency and angle of each nozzle according to area priority to avoid excessive disturbance.

[0077] To suppress the release peak induced by disturbance, the adsorbed particle dosing module 4 is activated 30 seconds before the disturbance begins, and short-term synchronous dosing is maintained during the initial stage of the disturbance:

[0078] Particle parameters: average particle size 0.45 mm; the porous adsorbent material 401 as the core is modified biochar (specific surface area ≥ 200 m²). 2 ·g -1 The biodegradable polymer coating 402, serving as the outer shell, is made of PLA with a thickness of approximately 60 μm and a density of ≈1.05 g·cm³. -3 ;

[0079] Dosing method: Pressure injection system 403, injection pressure 0.40MPa, nozzle diameter 1.0mm;

[0080] Acceleration rate and timing: To avoid overdosing, this example targets a total amount of 80g and employs a short-window synchronization strategy: at a rate of 0.10g·m -2 ·s -1 The surface density rate at 8m 2 The dosage is continuously added over a range of 100 seconds (30 seconds pilot + 70 seconds synchronization), with a total dosage of 0.10 × 8 × 100 = 80g.

[0081] Ten minutes after the disturbance ends, the substrate reconstruction module 5 is started. In this example, lightweight ceramsite (particle size 1.0–1.5 cm, apparent density approximately 650 kg·m³) is used. -3 To balance ventilation and weight burden.

[0082] Target thickness: 1.5cm; coverage area: 8m² 2 →Volume V = 0.015 × 8 = 0.12 m 3;

[0083] Theoretical dosage: m = V × ρ = 0.12 × 650 ≈ 78 kg;

[0084] Dispensing mechanism: screw conveyor, release rate 2.0 kg·min -1 It takes approximately 39 minutes.

[0085] Laying quality control: The feedback system monitors turbidity and near-bottom velocity in real time, maintaining the near-bottom velocity ≤0.10 m·s during the laying process. -1 To avoid secondary disturbances.

[0086] During disturbance and laying processes, the feedback control system 6 monitors indicators such as DO, ORP, and EC online above the disturbance zone; the baseline is set at DO. set =5.5 mg·L -1 ORP set =120mV, EC set =300μS·cm -1 Ten minutes after the disturbance, the DO concentration was measured to be 5.0 mg·L⁻¹. -1 ORP = 95mV, EC = 330μS·cm -1 To ensure dimensional consistency, normalized differences are used:

[0087]

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] Pick k 1 = 0.5 k 2 = 0.3, k 3 = 0.2, calculate the disturbance control function, i.e.:

[0091]

[0092] Based on F t Control rules (in this embodiment):

[0093] When 0.10≤F t When the value is <0.20, the intensity of the next disturbance decreases by 10%, and the acceleration rate of microcapsule particle delivery increases by 5%.

[0094] When F t When the value is ≥0.20, the intensity of the next round of disturbance is reduced by 20%, the acceleration rate of microcapsule particle delivery is increased by 10%, and the time of substrate material delivery is delayed by 5 minutes.

[0095] When F tWhen <0.10, the current parameters remain unchanged.

[0096] The above thresholds and ranges can be adjusted according to the water type and engineering objectives (e.g., the disturbance intensity adjustment range is preferably 8% to 20%, and the particle addition adjustment range is preferably 5% to 15%).

[0097] To evaluate the technical effectiveness of this embodiment, three monitoring points were set up in both the operation area and a control area of ​​equal size. Overlying water samples were collected before operation (0h), and 3h, 24h, and 72h after operation, and TN, TP, DO, ORP, EC, and transparency were measured. Conventional water quality analysis methods were used (TN / TP were measured using alkaline potassium persulfate digestion ultraviolet spectrophotometry / molybdenum antimony spectrophotometry; DO / ORP / EC were monitored online using a multi-parameter probe; transparency was measured using a Seychelles disk). Measurements were taken in triplicate at each time point, and the average was calculated. The pollutant reduction rate was calculated using the formula:

[0098] Reduction rate (%) = (C 对照 –C 作业 ) / C 对照 ×100%

[0099] Compared with the control area, the peak values ​​of TN and TP in the work area decreased by 34% and 41% respectively 3 hours after the operation; at 72 hours, the TN in the work area decreased from 3.0 mg·L⁻¹. -1 Reduced to 1.4 mg·L - ¹(reduction of 53%), TP from 0.45 mg·L -1 Decreased to 0.19 mg·L -1 (Reduced by 58%), DO stabilized at 5.8–6.2 mg / L. -1 The ORP stabilized at 110–140 mV, EC decreased by 8%–12% compared to before the operation, and transparency improved by approximately 40%. The aforementioned "3-hour peak suppression" and "72-hour recovery" effects correspond to the key technical measures of this invention:

[0100] (1) Based on D i The priority partition pulse perturbation (S2) only implements high-intensity perturbation in the high-sensitivity grid, avoiding unnecessary perturbation in the low-sensitivity region and effectively reducing the instantaneous release peak;

[0101] (2) Simultaneous addition of microcapsule adsorption particles (S3) at a rate of 0.10 g·m³ in the initial stage of disturbance. -2 ·s -1 The surface density was added in a short window, totaling 80g, to the peak segment. The adsorption of these components has a peak-shaving effect;

[0102] (3) The permeability reconstruction layer (S4, about 1.5 to 3.0 cm thick) improves the recovery speed of near-bottom DO and ORP and reduces secondary turbulence;

[0103] (4) Based on F t The feedback control (S5) calculates F 10 minutes after the operation. t After the value is 0.128, the strategy of "disturbance intensity -10%, particle addition +5%" is implemented to make the recovery process in the following 24-72 hours more stable.

[0104] Furthermore, the survival rate of Vallisneria natans introduced 48 hours after reconstruction was ≥90% within 7 days, and the pore structure of the permeable layer was stable, with no secondary dispersal observed. These data indicate that, through the synergistic effect of "identification-disturbance-adsorption-reconstruction-feedback," this invention can effectively suppress and stably reduce endogenous pollutants, and accelerate the restoration of sedimentary ecological functions.

[0105] Example 2:

[0106] The embodiments aim to illustrate how, based on the disturbance identification and sediment reconstruction synergistic device and method proposed in this invention, the entire process of controlled disturbance of aggregates—synchronous adsorption of pollutants—sediment reconstruction—feedback regulation is carried out in actual water bodies to verify the synergistic effect of endogenous pollution reduction and ecological substrate reconstruction.

[0107] Experimental water area and platform: The water area in the middle of a city lake, with an area of ​​approximately 300m², was selected. 2 The average water depth is 1.2m. The device of this invention is integrated into an integrated floating platform and operated in sections by unmanned surface vessel. The sediment washing device includes: a joint sensing module 1, an aggregate identification and processing module 2, a disturbance execution module 3, an adsorbent particle addition module 4, a sediment reconstruction module 5, and a feedback control system 6.

[0108] An underwater image acquisition device 101 and a multi-frequency ultrasonic probe 102 are installed at the front end of the platform to perform synchronous scanning of the operating sub-area.

[0109] Image: CMOS camera, 1920×1080 resolution, 30fps;

[0110] Acoustics: A multi-frequency ultrasonic probe with a frequency of 2–8 MHz (3 / 8 MHz dual-frequency in this example) was used to acquire profile echoes and invert particle size distribution (see...). Figure 3 ).

[0111] Gridding and frequency: A 10m×10m sub-area (20×20=400 sub-areas) is collected with a grid side length of 0.5m. Images and ultrasound signals are uploaded every 3 seconds and then input into aggregate recognition and processing module 2 after denoising and registration.

[0112] Aggregate recognition processing module 2 outputs edge sharpness based on the improved YOLOv5 image feature extraction unit. E i Texture change rate T i Regional density, etc.; the particle size analysis unit calculates the standard deviation of particle size from the inversion results of the 0-5 cm surface layer. S i With deposition thickness H i And obtain the distribution density of aggregates per unit area. ρ i All features are first standardized to 0-1, and then substituted into the perturbation sensitivity scoring function, i.e.:

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] This embodiment uses the weights obtained through training:

[0116] w 1 = 0.25 w 2 = 0.15 w 3 = 0.20 w 4 = 0.25 w 5 = 0.15.

[0117] R H (High sensitivity): (E, T, S, H, ρ) = (0.98, 0.95, 0.90, 0.90, 0.95);

[0118] z = 0.25 × 0.98 + 0.15 × 0.95 2 +0.20×ln(1.90)+0.25×0.90+0.15×0.95=0.24500+0.13538+0.12900+0.22500+0.14250=0.87688;

[0119]

[0120] R M (Medium Sensitivity): (0.70, 0.65, 0.50, 0.40, 0.55) → D2≈0.623;

[0121] R L (Low sensitivity): (0.30, 0.35, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) → D3≈0.552;

[0122] Sensitivity threshold and grading: This embodiment uses a threshold θ = 0.70. When Di A value ≥0.70 is considered a priority disturbance region (e.g., R). H ), 0.55≤ D i <0.70 is the second priority region (R M ), D i <0.55 indicates a temporary disturbance (R0.55). L The output sensitivity heatmap and priority parameters are available for use by module 3.

[0123] exist D i In the region ≥0.70, the control system activates disturbance execution module 3, which applies high-intensity disturbance only to high-sensitivity grids, applies half-intensity disturbance with a 30% reduction to grids with 0.55≤Di<0.70, and does not disturb the remaining grids.

[0124] Array and attitude: Six radial jet nozzles 301, in a double-ring array, with an adjustable spray angle of 20° to 90° (45° in this example);

[0125] Pulse and flow field: Pulse period 0.3s, outflow velocity 0.12m·s -1 Shear rate 6.5 s -1 ;

[0126] Disturbance depth: controlled within ≤5cm (actual measurement approximately 4cm);

[0127] Operation duration and coverage: 15 minutes per operation, with an effective disturbance area of ​​approximately 8m². 2 .

[0128] The electric control structure 302 is linked with the aggregate identification and processing module 2 to automatically adjust the working frequency and angle of each nozzle according to priority parameters, ensuring "high sensitivity with strong interference, low sensitivity with reduced interference, and non-sensitive without interference".

[0129] To capture the peak of endogenous release at the initial stage of the disturbance, the adsorption particle dosing module 4 is activated 30 seconds before the disturbance begins, and synchronous dosing is maintained within a short window during the initial stage of the disturbance.

[0130] Particulate structure: The porous adsorbent material 401, serving as the core, is modified biochar with a specific surface area (BET) of approximately 480 m². 2 / g; the biodegradable polymer coating 402 serving as the outer shell is PLA, with a thickness of approximately 60μm; average particle size 0.45mm, density ≈1.05g·cm³. -3 ;

[0131] Injection system: Pressure injection system 403, injection pressure 0.40MPa, nozzle diameter 1.0mm;

[0132] Dosage and calculation: The surface density rate is set to 0.10 g·m³.-2 ·s -1 The application range is consistent with the disturbance coverage (8m). 2 The short window is 100s (30s for the pilot + 70s for the synchronization), and the total dosage is m = 0.10 × 8 × 100 = 80g. After the dosage is completed, the disturbance continues for 13 to 14 minutes to complete this round of operation.

[0133] Ten minutes after the disturbance ends, the substrate reconstruction module 5 is activated to lay a permeable material layer in the target area:

[0134] Materials and objectives: Lightweight expanded clay aggregate (particle size 1.0–1.5 cm), target thickness 3 cm, covering 8 m², volume V = 0.03 × 8 = 0.24 m³ 3 If the apparent density is taken as 650 kg·m³ -3 Therefore, the theoretical mass M = 0.24 × 650 = 156 kg;

[0135] Dispensing mechanism and rate: The nominal areal density release rate of the 502 dispensing mechanism is 0.05 kg·m³. -2 ·min -1 To shorten the discharge time, a four-channel parallel discharge system was adopted (equivalent total release rate of 1.6 kg·min). -1 The estimated laying time is t = 156 / 1.6 ≈ 98 min.

[0136] Process control: Feedback system-linked flow limiting ensures near-bottom flow velocity ≤ 0.10 m·s -1 To avoid secondary disintegration; the laying thickness is verified by acoustic echo and sampling point location.

[0137] The platform is equipped with a multi-parameter water quality sensor (such as YSI EXO2) at the top to record DO, ORP, EC, and transparency above the work area online. Targets / thresholds are set, i.e.:

[0138] DO set =5.5 mg·L -1 ORP set =120mV, EC set =300μS·cm -1

[0139] Measured DO after 10 minutes of disturbance: 3.7 mg·L -1 ORP = 95 mV, EC = 330 μS·cm -1 To ensure dimensional consistency, normalized differences are used:

[0140]

[0141]

[0142]

[0143] Pick k 1 = 0.4 k 2 = 0.3, k 3 = 0.3, calculate:

[0144]

[0145] Control action (strategy in this embodiment): When F t When ≥0.20, the next round of disturbance intensity is reduced by 20%, microcapsule addition is increased by 10%, and the substrate addition start time is delayed by 5 minutes; when 0.10≤F t When F < 0.20, execute "Disturbance -10% / Particle +5%"; when F t If the value is less than 0.10, the current parameter will be maintained.

[0146] Example F t =0.2234, therefore the strategy of "disturbance intensity -20%, particles +10%, and substrate placement delayed by 5 minutes" is implemented.

[0147] Three monitoring points were set up in both the operation area and a control area of ​​equal size. Overlying water samples were collected before operation (0h) and at 3h, 24h, and 72h after operation (TN / TP conventional experimental method; DO / ORP / EC online; Seichmann disc for transparency). Each point was sampled in triplicate, and the average was taken. The reduction rate was calculated according to (C... 对照 –C 作业 ) / C 对照 Calculated by multiplying by 100%. Partial results are shown in Table 1:

[0148] Table 1 Monitoring results of the work area and a control area of ​​the same size.

[0149]

[0150] Peak suppression and stabilization: Synergistic effect of simultaneous short-window dosing of 80g microcapsule particles and zonal pulse perturbation reduced the TN / TP peak values ​​by 38.5% and 45.2% respectively compared to the control 3 hours after operation;

[0151] Structural recovery: The permeable layer (3cm) significantly improved the recovery rate of DO / ORP near the bottom layer, and no secondary disintegration was observed;

[0152] Ecological effects: Vallisneria natans (20 plants / m²) was introduced 48 hours after the reconstruction was completed. -2 The survival rate after 7 days is ≥90%.

[0153] The above results demonstrate that, through the closed-loop synergy of "identification-disturbance-adsorption-reconstruction-feedback", this invention can achieve peak suppression and stable reduction of endogenous pollution and accelerate the restoration of sediment ecological functions.

[0154] Example 3:

[0155] To verify the adaptability of this invention to different substrate types, silty river sections (site A) and sandy lakeshore zones (site B) were selected, and 10m × 10m sub-areas (100m² in area) were set up in each. 2 The grid has a side length of 0.5m (400 sub-regions in total), with average water depths of approximately 1.5m and 1.1m respectively. The sediment washing device consists of a joint sensing module 1, an aggregate identification and processing module 2, a disturbance execution module 3, an adsorption particle addition module 4, a sediment reconstruction module 5, and a feedback control system 6, and completes the zoned operation under the towing of an unmanned vessel. The joint sensing module 1 uses a 1920×1080, 30fps underwater image acquisition device 101 and a 3 / 8MHz dual-frequency multi-frequency ultrasonic probe 102 for synchronous acquisition, with data uploaded every 3 seconds. The aggregate identification and processing module 2 extracts and standardizes the image and acoustic features of each grid. E i , T i , S i , H i , ρ i Substituting this into the disturbance sensitivity scoring function, we get:

[0156]

[0157]

[0158] Where the weight is taken w 1 = 0.25 w 2 = 0.15 w 3 = 0.20 w 4 = 0.25 w 5 = 0.15. In the representative grid R of site A. A Above, the characteristic quantities (normalized from 0 to 1) are (0.95, 0.90, 0.85, 0.85, 0.90), and we calculate z = 0.8295 and DA = σ(0.8295) ≈ 0.696; in the representative grid R of site B... B For the feature values ​​(0.75, 0.65, 0.40, 0.30, 0.45), z = 0.4606 and DB = σ(0.4606) ≈ 0.613. Based on this, a grading threshold is set to form a grading layer: for silty sites A, θ is taken as... A =0.65, D i ≥θ A Defined as the priority disturbance region, 0.55≤ Di <θ A The secondary priority disturbance zone is designated as B, and the rest as temporary disturbance zones; for sandy sites, B is taken as θ. B =0.60, same method partitioning. This hierarchical layer serves as the priority input for perturbation execution module 3.

[0159] During the directional disturbance phase, pulsed radial disturbances are applied only to the priority and secondary priority regions. At site A, to suppress resuspension and sudden release, the shear rate is set to 6.0 s⁻¹. -1 The spray angle is 45°, the pulse period is 0.3s, and the disturbance depth is controlled to ≤5cm (actual measurement is about 4cm). Full intensity is applied to the priority disturbance area, and 70% of full intensity is applied to the secondary priority area. A single round of operation lasts 20 minutes, covering an area of ​​approximately 12m². 2 Site B has a more stable substrate but is locally susceptible to erosion; the shear rate is set at 5.5 s⁻¹. -1 The pulse cycle is 0.25 seconds, the spray angle is 45°, a single-wheel operation takes 15 minutes, and the coverage area is approximately 8 square meters. 2 To reduce the initial release peak during disturbance, the adsorption particle dosing module 4 is activated 20–30 seconds before disturbance and simultaneously adds microcapsule particles (average particle size 0.45 mm, core with a specific surface area ≥ 200 m²) during a short window at the beginning of disturbance. 2 / g of modified biochar, with a PLA outer shell of approximately 60μm, and a pressure injection system (403 nozzle 1.0mm, 0.40MPa). Site A uses a surface density rate of 0.12g·m³. -2 ·s -1 Covering 12m², lasting 80s (20s pilot + 60s synchronization), total dosage 0.12 × 12 × 80 = 115.2g; Site B uses 0.06g·m². -2 ·s -1 Coverage 8m 2 The duration is 60 seconds (20 seconds + 40 seconds), and the total dosage is 0.06 × 8 × 60 = 28.8 g. Approximately 10 minutes after the disturbance is complete, the substrate reconstruction module 5 is activated, and a 3.0 cm thick layer of lightweight ceramsite (particle size 1.0–1.5 cm, apparent density approximately 650 kg·m³) is laid on substrate A. -3 ), covering 12m 2 Volume 0.36m³ 3 The mass is 0.36 × 650 = 234 kg; a 1.5 cm thick layer is laid at B, covering an area of ​​8 m. 2 A lightweight ceramsite layer with a volume of 0.12 m³ 3 The mass is 78 kg. The quantitative dispensing mechanism 502 adopts four parallel discharge channels to achieve an equivalent dispensing rate of 1.6 kg / min. -1 The release rates correspond to estimated laying times of approximately 146 minutes and 49 minutes, respectively; during laying, the flow is limited by a feedback system, with a near-bottom flow velocity ≤0.10 m·s.-1 To avoid the secondary dispersal.

[0160] After 10 minutes of operation, the feedback control system 6 measured DO = 4.0 mg·L at A. -1 ORP = 90mV, EC = 340μS·cm -1 The DO level was measured at B to be 5.0 mg·L⁻¹. -1 ORP = 110mV, EC = 310μS·cm -1 . DO set =5.5 mg·L -1 ORP set =120mV, EC set =300μS·cm -1 To achieve the objective, the normalized difference is used and substituted into the disturbance control function, i.e.:

[0161]

[0162] Get F t,A =0.2241, F t,B =0.0714.

[0163] According to the control rules of this embodiment, A triggers "the next round of disturbance intensity is reduced by 20%, particle addition is increased by 10%, and substrate addition is delayed by 5 minutes", while B maintains the current parameters unchanged. Subsequently, three monitoring points were set up in each site and a control area of ​​the same area, and sampling was conducted in the time sequence of 0 / 3 / 24 / 72h (TN / TP conventional experiment, DO / ORP / EC online, transparency Seychelles disk, three parallel tests were taken and the average was taken, and the reduction rate was calculated according to (C 对照 –C 作业 ) / C 对照 Calculated by multiplying by 100%.

[0164] At 72 hours, A's TN decreased from 3.2 to 1.45 mg·L⁻¹. -1 (Reduced by 55%), TP decreased from 0.50 to 0.20 mg·L. -1 (Reduced by 60%), DO stabilized at 5.8–6.1 mg / L. -1 ORP was 120–140 mV, and transparency increased by approximately 45% compared to before; TN of B decreased from 1.8 to 1.08 mg·L⁻¹. -1 (Reduced by 40%), TP decreased from 0.20 to 0.13 mg·L⁻¹. -1 (Reduced by 35%), DO stabilized at 5.6–5.9 mg / L. -1 ORP was 115–130 mV, and transparency increased by approximately 30%. 48 hours after reconstruction, 20 *Vallisneria natans* plants were introduced into both sites. -2The 7-day survival rates were ≥90% and ≥95%, respectively, with no secondary dispersal of the permeable layer observed. These results indicate that in silty environments, the partitioned disturbance based on the graded layer and simultaneous short-window application (115.2g) more effectively suppressed the 3-hour peak and accelerated recovery at 72 hours. In sandy environments, stable improvement was achieved by reducing the short-window application amount (28.8g) and thin-layer reconstruction. This demonstrates the adaptive capability of this invention under different substrate types, including adjustable threshold, graded intensity, matched application, and adjustable reconstruction thickness, thus verifying the universality and engineering scalability of the solution.

[0165] The core of this invention lies in the fact that, by constructing a collaborative mechanism for disturbance identification and sediment reconstruction, it has for the first time achieved an integrated sediment elution method and apparatus system encompassing aggregate distribution identification, controllable disturbance release, synchronous adsorption control, and sediment structure reconstruction. This method relies on underwater images and multi-frequency ultrasonic signals acquired by a joint sensing module, integrating an improved YOLO image recognition algorithm and the GTI-Cluster particle size clustering method to accurately identify the spatial distribution and disturbance sensitivity of aggregates. This guides the disturbance execution module to perform pulsed radial shear disturbance operations, minimizing the risk of pollutant release while achieving efficient deagglomeration of pollutant aggregates within the target area.

[0166] The synergistic addition of microencapsulated adsorbent particles and the directional laying of highly permeable substrate materials further enhance the simultaneous control of endogenous nitrogen and phosphorus and the ability to rapidly restore habitats. A feedback control system dynamically adjusts the disturbance frequency, particle dosing acceleration rate, and substrate release intensity, constructing a closed-loop, adaptive, and intelligent ecological restoration platform. This integrated technical approach, comprised of the aforementioned modules, significantly improves the controllability, safety, and ecological function restoration efficiency of sediment washing operations, and has broad application value in scenarios such as black and odorous water body treatment and underwater vegetation reconstruction.

[0167] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Since the above embodiments are substantially similar to the method embodiments, their descriptions are relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0168] The above embodiments provide a detailed description of the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for sediment elution that combines disturbance identification and sediment reconstruction, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: In-situ information of sediments in the water body to be restored is obtained, including surface image data and particle size inversion map; aggregate identification is performed based on the in-situ information to obtain aggregate identification results that include spatial distribution and disturbance sensitivity; Based on the aggregate identification results, targeted perturbation operations are carried out in the enriched region to achieve controllable perturbation of the aggregates and suppress sudden release; Before or during directional perturbation operations, microcapsule-type adsorption particles are simultaneously added to the target area to simultaneously adsorb endogenous pollutants of nitrogen and phosphorus induced by perturbation. After the directional disturbance operation is completed, a permeable substrate reconstruction material is laid in the disturbed area to construct a substrate structure with high air permeability, high stability and suitable for plant root growth; Within 24 to 72 hours after the substrate reconstruction is completed, submerged plants are introduced and the disturbance frequency, the acceleration rate of adsorbent material addition, and the substrate reconstruction scheme are synergistically optimized and adjusted based on the dynamic monitoring results of water quality indicators.

2. The sediment washing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The directional disturbance operation is performed using a pulsed radial jet, with the disturbance depth controlled to not exceed 5 cm and the disturbance shear rate controlled between 3 and 10 s. -1 ; The microcapsule-type adsorbent particles have a particle size of 0.1 to 0.8 mm and have a porous adsorption core and a biodegradable outer shell.

3. The sediment washing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate reconstruction material includes natural zeolite, lightweight ceramsite, or quartz sand with a particle size of 0.5–2.0 cm. The water quality indicators include transparency, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and redox potential.

4. A sediment washing apparatus for implementing the sediment washing method as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, include: The joint sensing module (1) is used to acquire in-situ images and grain size information of sediments and to construct a spatial distribution model of aggregates; Aggregate identification and processing module (2) is used to fuse and analyze image features and particle size data, and output a perturbation sensitivity hierarchical layer; The perturbation execution module (3) is used to perform controlled directional perturbation operations within the aggregate enrichment region; The adsorption particle dosing module (4) is used to simultaneously add microcapsule-type adsorption particles to the disturbed area to achieve synergistic control of pollutants. Substrate reconstruction module (5) is used to uniformly release permeable substrate reconstruction material into the target area after disturbance, and to construct a substrate structure suitable for plant growth; The feedback control system (6) is used to monitor water quality parameters in real time and dynamically adjust the operating status of each module to realize closed-loop linkage control of disturbance identification and bottom sediment reconstruction.

5. The sediment washing and desliming apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The joint sensing module (1) includes an underwater image acquisition device (101) for acquiring visible images of the sediment surface, wherein the resolution of the visible surface image is not less than 1920×1080, and it is used for image edge and texture feature extraction. And a multi-frequency ultrasonic probe (102) for acquiring sediment profile reflection signals and inverting grain size distribution information, with a frequency range of 1 to 10 MHz; The underwater image acquisition device (101) and the multi-frequency ultrasonic probe (102) output signals are synchronously uploaded to the aggregate recognition and processing module (2) to construct an image-particle size fusion input dataset.

6. The sediment washing and desliming apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The aggregate identification and processing module (2) includes: An image feature extraction unit based on the improved YOLO image recognition algorithm is used to extract image features of aggregates from underwater images, including edge morphology, color texture, and region density. The particle size analysis unit based on multi-frequency ultrasonic inversion is used to obtain particle size data, including particle size distribution and deposition thickness, in the region corresponding to the aggregates. A cluster sensitivity assessment function module based on image feature and particle size data fusion is provided. This module uses the GTI-Cluster method to grade and score the cluster perturbation sensitivity. The scoring function is as follows: ； in, For the first Perturbation sensitivity score for each aggregate region; This refers to the edge sharpness index; For texture change rate; The standard deviation of particle size; The thickness of the aggregate deposition was obtained by inversion from the ultrasonic signal. The distribution density of aggregates per unit area; This is the Sigmoid normalization function, used to normalize the output score; , , , , These are the weight coefficients determined from the training data; The aggregate identification processing module (2) is based on the perturbation sensitivity score. Output the spatial distribution layer of the aggregates and the disturbance priority control parameters to guide the disturbance execution module (3) to optimize the disturbance path and intensity distribution according to the sensitivity level.

7. The sediment washing and desliming apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The disturbance execution module (3) includes: Multiple radial jet nozzles (301) arranged in an array at the bottom of the sediment washing device have an electric control structure (302) that can adjust the jet angle and outflow rate. The pulse variable frequency water pump system connected to the radial jet nozzle (301) can periodically output disturbance pulses within an interval of 0.1 to 0.5 s, and the shear rate control range is 3 to 10 s. -1 The disturbance depth is controlled to be no more than 5cm; The control unit, which is linked to the aggregate identification and processing module (2), is based on a disturbance sensitivity score. The output priority parameters automatically adjust the working frequency, spray angle and disturbance intensity of each radial jet nozzle (301) to achieve directional disturbance and graded control of disturbance intensity in the agglomerate enrichment area.

8. The sediment washing and desliming apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The microcapsule-type adsorbent particles added by the adsorbent particle dosing module (4) have a double-layer structure including a core and a shell, including: The core has a specific surface area of ​​not less than 200 m². 2 / g of porous adsorbent material (401), selected from iron-rich clay, biochar or modified zeolite, is used to selectively adsorb endogenous pollutants of nitrogen and phosphorus generated during the disturbance release process. The outer shell is a biodegradable polymer coating layer (402) with a thickness of 20-100 μm, made of polylactic acid PLA, polycaprolactone PCL or their copolymers, used to control the particle release rate, enhance suspension stability in water and prevent aggregation; The particle size of the microcapsule-type adsorbent particles is controlled within the range of 0.1–0.8 mm; The adsorption particle dosing module (4) also includes a pressure injection system (403) for uniformly distributing the microcapsule-type adsorption particles in the disturbance area and achieving synchronous and coordinated control with the directional disturbance operation of the disturbance execution module (3).

9. The sediment washing and desliming apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The substrate reconstruction module (5) includes: The permeability improvement material storage silo (501) is located at the bottom of the sediment washing device. The storage silo (501) is filled with natural zeolite, lightweight ceramsite or quartz sand with a particle size of 0.5 to 2.0 cm to provide good pore structure and water and air permeability. The quantitative dispensing mechanism (502) connected to the storage bin (501) uses a screw conveyor or gravity flow control device to control the release rate of the permeability improvement material; The permeability improvement material delivery process is linked with the disturbance execution module (3) to complete the uniform laying of the permeability improvement material within a preset time window after the directional disturbance operation ends, forming a highly aerated substrate structure suitable for the rooting of submerged plants, and further includes an addition unit for introducing bioactive microparticles or beneficial bacteria to promote plant colonization.

10. The sediment washing device according to claim 4, characterized in that... The feedback control system includes: A multi-parameter water quality sensor is installed above the disturbance area to monitor water quality indicators including transparency, conductivity EC, dissolved oxygen DO and oxidation-reduction potential ORP in real time. The data processing and control unit compares data collected by multi-parameter water quality sensors with preset thresholds and employs a disturbance control feedback model to achieve optimized control throughout the entire process. The expression for the disturbance control feedback model is as follows: ； in, This is the disturbance intensity adjustment function; , , These are the differences between the current value and the set value, respectively. , , To adjust the weighting factor; The data processing and control unit adjusts according to the disturbance intensity function. The pulse frequency and shear rate of the disturbance execution module (3), the acceleration rate of the adsorption particle addition module (4), and the release rate of the substrate reconstruction module (5) are automatically adjusted to achieve dynamic coordination of disturbance frequency, material input and habitat stability.

Images