Excitation type fuse supporting arc extinguishing processing

Abstract

The invention discloses an excitation type fuse supporting arc extinguishing processing, which comprises a conductive assembly and a cutting mechanism, and is characterized in that the conductive assembly comprises a shell and a busbar, the shell is internally provided with a wire placing groove and a sliding groove communicated with the wire placing groove, and the busbar is fixed in the wire placing groove; the cutting-off mechanism comprises a sliding block, a cutting block and an igniter, the sliding block is arranged in the sliding groove in a sliding mode, the cutting block is fixed to the sliding block, the cutting end of the cutting block faces the busbar, the igniter is arranged at the other end of the sliding block, a gunpowder containing cavity is formed between the sliding block and the igniter, and gunpowder is packaged in the gunpowder containing cavity; when the sliding block moves to a preset position, the arc extinguishing medium enters the wire placing groove, electric arcs generated at the cut-off position of the busbar can be rapidly eliminated, electric arc harm is avoided, a circuit can be rapidly and effectively cut off, and meanwhile a fuse and surrounding equipment can be protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of excitation fuse technology, and more specifically to an excitation fuse that supports arc extinguishing processing. Background Technology

[0002] In applications requiring rapid disconnection of high-current circuits, traditional circuit protection devices suffer from slow response times and long disconnection times, failing to meet the need for rapid circuit disconnection to protect equipment and personnel safety. For example, in the battery management system of electric vehicles, when a short circuit or other fault occurs, the circuit needs to be disconnected within a very short time to prevent serious consequences such as battery overheating and fire.

[0003] An active fuse is a type of active fuse that can activate an ignition device after receiving a control signal. The ignition device pushes a cutting block to cut off the busbar, thus protecting the circuit. However, after the cutting block cuts off the busbar, an electric arc will be generated between the two separated busbar sections. The presence of the arc will not only prolong the circuit cut-off time, but may also damage the active fuse and surrounding equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problems in the prior art, this application provides an excitation-type fuse that supports arc extinguishing processing.

[0005] This application provides an excitation-type fuse that supports arc extinguishing, employing the following technical solution: An excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing includes: A conductive component, comprising a housing and a busbar, wherein the housing has a wire placement groove and a sliding groove communicating with the wire placement groove, and the busbar is fixed in the wire placement groove; A cutting mechanism includes a slider, a cutting block, and an igniter. The slider is slidably disposed in the groove. The cutting block is fixed to the slider with its cutting end facing the busbar. The igniter is disposed at the other end of the slider. A charging cavity is formed between the slider and the igniter. The charging cavity is used to encapsulate gunpowder. The ignition end of the igniter contacts the gunpowder encapsulated in the charging cavity. The igniter is communicatively connected to a controller. When the slider moves to the preset position, the arc-extinguishing medium enters the wire placement groove.

[0006] In some embodiments, a sealed gas storage cavity for encapsulating high-pressure arc-extinguishing gas is formed inside the slider, and an outlet hole communicating with the gas storage cavity is provided on the cutting block. The excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing further includes a release mechanism, which includes a seal and a push rod. The seal is plugged in the vent hole, and the push rod is fixed to the seal. When the cutting block moves toward the busbar, the push rod contacts the busbar before the cutting block to open the seal and release the arc extinguishing gas in the gas storage chamber.

[0007] In some embodiments, the housing includes a bottom shell and a cover, the cover being detachably connected to the bottom shell and covering the bottom shell, the sliding groove being formed on the bottom shell, the wire placement groove being formed between the bottom shell and the cover, and the cover also having a receiving groove, which is used to receive the bent end of the busbar when the busbar is cut.

[0008] In some embodiments, the conductive component further includes two tabs, which are respectively fixed to both ends of the busbar and used for connection to the circuit.

[0009] In some embodiments, the slider has a charging chamber at one end near the igniter, and the cutting mechanism further includes a fixing part. One end of the fixing part is fixed to the housing, and the other end of the fixing part is slidably disposed in the charging chamber. The igniter is fixed to the fixing part and located in the charging chamber.

[0010] In some embodiments, a first sealing groove is provided on the outer wall of the fixing part, and the cutting mechanism further includes a first sealing ring, which is installed in the first sealing groove and is embedded between the fixing part and the inner wall of the loading cavity.

[0011] In some embodiments, the sealing element includes a fixing ring, a sealing plate, and a plurality of first elastic elements. The fixing ring is fixed inside the vent hole, and a plurality of hanging rings are fixed on the fixing ring. The sealing plate is fitted to the fixing ring to block the central hole of the fixing ring. One end of each of the first elastic elements is fixed to the sealing plate, and the other end of each of the first elastic elements is fixed with a hook. The hook is used to hang on the hanging ring. When the stretching length of the first elastic element exceeds a preset value, the hook can be detached from the hanging ring. One end of the push rod is fixed to the sealing plate, and the other end of the push rod extends toward the busbar after passing through the central hole.

[0012] In some embodiments, the inner sidewall of the slide is further provided with a positioning groove, and a positioning part is formed on the outer sidewall of the slider. The positioning part is engaged in the positioning groove, and a cutting slit is formed between the positioning part and the slider so that when the shear force between the two exceeds a preset value, the positioning part can be disengaged from the slider.

[0013] In some embodiments, the slider is further provided with a socket, and the inner sidewall of the socket is provided with a mounting hole; the excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing further includes an anti-retraction mechanism, which includes a limiting block, a second elastic element, and a plug rod. The limiting block is slidably disposed in the mounting hole. One end of the second elastic element is fixed in the mounting hole, and the other end of the second elastic element is fixedly connected to one end of the limiting block so that the other end of the limiting block extends out of the mounting hole. One end of the plug rod is fixed to the busbar, and a limiting hole is provided on the outer sidewall of the plug rod. When the slider moves to a preset position, the other end of the plug rod can be inserted into the socket, and the other end of the limiting block can extend into the limiting hole to restrict the slider from retracting. The end face of the other end of the plug rod that contacts the limiting block forms an inclined surface so that when the limiting block moves along the inclined surface, the limiting block is gradually guided by the inclined surface to a position retracted into the mounting hole.

[0014] In some embodiments, in addition to gunpowder, the charging cavity also contains reactants, which can react rapidly at the high temperature of the gunpowder explosion to generate arc-quenching gas or arc-quenching solid powder. The slider is provided with a release channel. One end of the release channel is connected to the wire placement groove, and the other end is connected to the charging chamber after the slider moves. When the gunpowder is detonated, the newly generated arc-extinguishing gas or arc-extinguishing solid powder is sprayed to the busbar cut-off point through the release channel under the action of explosion pressure to achieve arc extinguishing.

[0015] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By setting a release mechanism, the release mechanism releases the arc-extinguishing gas in advance when the busbar is cut in blocks, which can quickly eliminate the electric arc generated at the busbar cutting point. The timely action of the arc-extinguishing gas avoids the damage of electric arc, so that the circuit can be cut off quickly and effectively, while also protecting the fuse and surrounding equipment. 2. By setting an anti-retraction mechanism, after the busbar is cut off, the plug rod is inserted into the slider socket, and the limit block extends into the limit hole under the action of the elastic element to prevent the slider from retreating due to the reaction force, ensuring that the circuit is continuously cut off and avoiding secondary circuit reconnection.

[0016] 3. By placing a chemical substance that can react at high temperatures to generate an arc-extinguishing medium within the charging chamber, and cooperating with a release channel within the slider, the instantaneous generation and directional injection of the arc-extinguishing medium are achieved. This design eliminates the need for a high-pressure gas storage chamber and a complex release mechanism, simplifying the fuse structure, reducing manufacturing costs, and avoiding the leakage risks that may exist from long-term storage of high-pressure gas, thereby improving product reliability and energy utilization efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing processing provided in Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the shell structure in the middle; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an excitation-type fuse with arc extinguishing capability, omitting the cover; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of region A in the middle; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the middle sealing component; Figure 6 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of region B in the middle; Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an arc-extinguishing type fuse after the busbar is cut off; Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of region C in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing processing provided in Embodiment 2 of this application; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Conductive component; 11. Housing; 111. Bottom shell; 1111. Slide groove; 11111. Positioning groove; 1112. Wire placement groove; 112. Cover; 1121. Receiving groove; 12. Busbar; 13. Electrode; 2. Cutting mechanism; 21. Slider; 211. Gas storage chamber; 212. Charge chamber; 213. Positioning part; 2131. Cutting slit; 214. Insertion hole; 2141. Mounting hole; 215. Release channel; 22. Cutting block; 221. Vent hole; 23. Ignition device; 24. Fixing part; 25. First sealing ring; 26. Chemical substance; 3. Release mechanism; 31. Sealing element; 311. Fixing ring; 3111. Hanging ring; 312. Sealing plate; 313. Second sealing ring; 314. First elastic element; 3141. Hook; 32. Push rod; 4. Anti-reverse mechanism; 41. Limiting block; 42. Second elastic element; 43. Insert rod; 431. Limiting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only possible technical implementations of the present invention, but are not limited thereto. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1 This application mainly adopts an excitation-type fuse arc extinguishing design, which achieves the effect of quickly cutting off high-current circuits and effectively extinguishing arcs, thus protecting equipment and personnel safety. The following is a further detailed description of this application.

[0020] The excitation-type fuse with arc extinguishing capability provided in this application includes a conductive component 1, a cutting mechanism 2, and a release mechanism 3. The cutting mechanism 2 can push the cutting block 22 to cut off the busbar 12 after receiving a signal. The release mechanism 3 releases the arc extinguishing gas in advance when the cutting block 22 cuts off the busbar 12, which achieves the effect of quickly cutting off the circuit and effectively extinguishing the arc, protecting the fuse and surrounding equipment. This is because the arc extinguishing gas released in advance can quickly eliminate the arc generated after the cutting block 22 cuts off the busbar 12, avoiding the damage caused by the arc. In addition, the arc extinguishing gas released in advance can also cool down the circuit and prevent electric sparks from being generated during the cutting of the busbar 12.

[0021] Specifically, the conductive component 1 includes a housing 11 and a busbar 12, with the busbar 12 serving a conductive function. The housing 11 includes a bottom shell 111 and a cover 112, which is detachably connected to the bottom shell 111 for easy inspection and maintenance of the internal structure. The cover 112 closes onto the bottom shell 111. A sliding groove 1111 is provided on the bottom shell 111, and a wiring groove 1112 is formed between the bottom shell 111 and the cover 112, within which the busbar 12 is fixed. The housing 11 is generally made of insulating, high-temperature resistant, and high-strength materials, such as ceramic or high-strength plastic, to ensure that it will not leak electricity or cause other dangerous situations during fuse operation, while also being able to withstand certain pressure and high temperatures. The shape of the wiring groove 1112 is usually adapted to the shape of the busbar 12, ensuring that the busbar 12 can be stably placed within it.

[0022] In addition, a receiving groove 1121 is provided on the cover 112. When the busbar 12 is cut, the receiving groove 1121 is used to receive the bent end of the busbar 12. The receiving groove 1121 can prevent the bent end of the busbar 12 from shaking randomly after it is cut, further ensuring the stability and safety of the circuit after it is cut off.

[0023] The conductive component 1 also includes two tabs 13, which are fixed to both ends of the busbar 12 and used for circuit connection. The tabs 13 are generally made of a metal material with good conductivity, such as copper, so as to ensure that the current can flow smoothly into and out of the busbar 12 through the tabs 13.

[0024] Specifically, the cutting mechanism 2 includes a slider 21, a cutting block 22, and an igniter 23. The slider 21 is slidably disposed within the groove 1111, and a sealed gas storage chamber 211 is formed within the slider 21 to encapsulate the arc-extinguishing gas. The gas storage chamber 211 stores the arc-extinguishing gas for release when needed to extinguish the electric arc. The gas storage chamber 211 must have good sealing performance to prevent leakage of the arc-extinguishing gas.

[0025] The cutting block 22 is fixed to the slider 21 and has an outlet 221 communicating with the gas storage chamber 211. Its cutting end faces the busbar 12. The cutting block 22 is usually made of a metal material with high hardness and good wear resistance, such as stainless steel, to ensure that it will not be easily damaged when cutting the busbar 12. The size of the outlet 221 is designed according to actual needs to ensure that the arc-extinguishing gas can be released quickly. In this embodiment, the arc-extinguishing gas can be SF6, etc., and the arc-extinguishing gas in the gas storage chamber 211 is under high pressure (2-3 standard atmospheres). When the arc-extinguishing gas is released, the high-pressure arc-extinguishing gas can be quickly released into the slide groove 1111 and the wire placement groove 1112. At the same time, the release of high-pressure gas can also cause the surrounding gas temperature to drop, thereby pre-cooling the busbar 12 and reducing the possibility of sparks when the busbar 12 is cut, thus improving safety.

[0026] Igniter 23 is located at the other end of slider 21, forming a charging cavity 212 between slider 21 and igniter 23. The charging cavity 212 is used to encapsulate gunpowder. The ignition end of igniter 23 contacts the gunpowder encapsulated in the charging cavity 212. Igniter 23 is communicatively connected to the controller (ECU or BMS). When the controller detects an abnormal signal in the circuit, it sends a command to igniter 23, which ignites the gunpowder in the charging cavity 212. The energy generated by the gunpowder explosion propels slider 21 and cutter 22 towards busbar 12, thereby cutting off busbar 12. In this embodiment, igniter 23 should have a fast response time, generally requiring ignition to be completed within 0.35ms after receiving the controller signal, to ensure the fuse can cut off the circuit in time. The gunpowder dosage is required to ensure sufficient energy to propel slider 21 and cutter 22 to quickly cut off busbar 12 while avoiding damage to the fuse structure due to excessive energy. The specific dosage needs to be precisely calculated based on the material of the busbar 12, the thickness at the cut-off point, and the impact force required for cutting. Generally, it is controlled to ensure that the slider 21 achieves sufficient acceleration to cut the busbar 12 within 0.5 ms, and the maximum pressure generated by the explosion does not exceed the safe range that the casing 11 can withstand (e.g., ≤20 MPa). In addition, the explosive must also have good moisture resistance and anti-aging properties to ensure stable operation under different environmental conditions (e.g., temperature range of -40℃ to 85℃) and a storage life of not less than 10 years, thereby ensuring the reliability and stability of the fuse during long-term use.

[0027] The slider 21 has a charging chamber 212 at one end near the igniter 23. The cutting mechanism 2 also includes a fixing part 24, one end of which is fixed to the housing 11, and the other end of which is slidably disposed within the charging chamber 212. The igniter 23 is fixed to the fixing part 24 and located within the charging chamber 212. The fixing part 24 serves to fix the igniter 23 and ensure its stability during operation. A first sealing groove is formed on the outer wall of the fixing part 24. The cutting mechanism 2 also includes a first sealing ring 25, which is installed in the first sealing groove and embedded between the fixing part 24 and the inner wall of the charging chamber 212. This prevents gas leakage caused by the explosion of gunpowder and improves energy utilization efficiency.

[0028] The inner wall of the slide groove 1111 is also provided with a positioning groove 11111, and a positioning part 213 is formed on the outer wall of the slider 21. The positioning part 213 is engaged in the positioning groove 11111, and a cutting slit 2131 is formed between the positioning part 213 and the slider 21 so that when the shear force between the two exceeds a preset value, the positioning part 213 can disengage from the slider 21. The cooperation between the positioning part 213 and the positioning groove 11111 can position the slider 21 at its initial position, ensuring that the slider 21 is fixed in its initial position within the slide groove 1111 under normal conditions. When the gunpowder explosion pushes the slider 21 to move, when the shear force on the positioning part 213 exceeds the preset value, the positioning part 213 will disengage from the slider 21, allowing the slider 21 to advance smoothly to cut off the busbar 12.

[0029] The slider 21 is also provided with a socket 214, and the inner side wall of the socket 214 is provided with a mounting hole 2141. The excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing also includes an anti-retraction mechanism 4, which includes a limiting block 41, a second elastic element 42, and a plug rod 43. The limiting block 41 is slidably disposed in the mounting hole 2141. One end of the second elastic element 42 is fixed in the mounting hole 2141, and the other end of the second elastic element 42 is fixedly connected to one end of the limiting block 41 so that the other end of the limiting block 41 extends out of the mounting hole 2141. One end of the plug rod 43 is fixed to the busbar 12, and a limiting hole 431 is provided on the outer side wall of the plug rod 43. When the slider 21 moves to a preset position, the other end of the plug rod 43 can be inserted into the socket 214, and the other end of the limiting block 41 can extend into the limiting hole 431 to restrict the slider 21 from retracting. The anti-retraction mechanism 4 prevents the slider 21 from retracting backward due to reaction force or other factors after the busbar 12 is cut off, ensuring that the busbar 12 remains in the cut-off state and the circuit remains in the cut-off state. The other end of the insertion rod 43 has an inclined surface that contacts the limiting block 41. When the slider 21 moves forward, the insertion rod 43 is inserted into the insertion hole 214. The inclined surface of the insertion rod 43 guides the limiting block 41 to move along the inclined surface, causing the limiting block 41 to gradually retract into the mounting hole 2141. When the limiting block 41 moves to align with the limiting hole 431, under the action of the second elastic element 42, the limiting block 41 will pop out and extend into the limiting hole 431, thereby limiting the slider 21.

[0030] Specifically, the release mechanism 3 includes a seal 31 and a push rod 32. The seal 31 blocks the vent 221, thereby sealing the gas storage chamber 211 and preventing premature leakage of the arc-extinguishing gas.

[0031] Push rod 32 is fixed to seal 31. When cutter 22 moves toward busbar 12, push rod 32 contacts busbar 12 before cutter 22 to open seal 31 and release arc-extinguishing gas in gas storage chamber 211. When push rod 32 is blocked by busbar 12, it will drive seal 31 to move, thereby opening vent 221 and releasing arc-extinguishing gas in gas storage chamber 211.

[0032] The sealing element 31 includes a retaining ring 311, a sealing plate 312, and several first elastic elements 314. The retaining ring 311 is fixed inside the vent 221, and several hanging rings 3111 are fixed on the retaining ring 311. The sealing plate 312 is fitted to the retaining ring 311 to block the central hole of the retaining ring 311. One end of each first elastic element 314 is fixed to the sealing plate 312, and the other end of each first elastic element 314 is fixed with a hook 3141 for hanging on the hanging ring 3111. When the stretching length of the first elastic element 314 exceeds a preset value, the hook 3141 can detach from the hanging ring 3111. One end of the push rod 32 is fixed to the sealing plate 312, and the other end of the push rod 32 extends towards the busbar 12 after passing through the central hole. Normally, the first elastic element 314 is hung on the hanging ring 3111 via the hook 3141, which tightly seals the center hole of the fixing ring 311 with the sealing plate 312, ensuring the airtightness of the gas storage chamber 211. When the push rod 32 is subjected to external force, the sealing plate 312 will cause the first elastic element 314 to stretch. At this time, the sealing plate 312 separates from the fixing ring 311, and the arc-extinguishing gas will be quickly released into the slide groove 1111 and the wire placement groove 1112. The push rod 32 continues to move, thereby causing the first elastic element 314 to continue to stretch. When the stretching length exceeds the preset value, the hook 3141 disengages from the hanging ring 3111, which can further increase the opening degree of the vent 221, accelerate the release of the arc-extinguishing gas, and improve the arc-extinguishing effect.

[0033] The sealing plate 312 has a second sealing groove on its end face facing the fixing ring 311. The sealing element 31 also includes a second sealing ring 313, which is installed in the second sealing groove and embedded between the fixing ring 311 and the sealing plate 312, further improving the sealing performance of the sealing element 31. In this embodiment, the first sealing ring 25 and the second sealing ring 313 can be made of rubber materials, such as nitrile rubber, which has good sealing performance and oil resistance, and can effectively prevent gas leakage. The fixing ring 311 and the sealing plate 312 of the sealing element 31 can be made of plastic materials, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, which has good chemical stability and a low coefficient of friction.

[0034] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: When the controller detects an abnormality in the circuit, such as a short circuit, it sends a signal to the igniter 23, which ignites the gunpowder in the charging chamber 212. The energy generated by the gunpowder explosion pushes the slider 21 to slide in the groove 1111, and the slider 21 drives the cutting block 22 to move towards the busbar 12. During the movement, the positioning part 213 disengages from the slider 21 under shearing force, ensuring that the slider 21 moves forward smoothly. When the cutting block 22 approaches the busbar 12, the push rod 32 first contacts the busbar 12, driving the sealing plate 312 of the sealing element 31 to move, causing the hook 3141 to disengage from the hanging ring 3111, opening the vent 221, and releasing the arc-extinguishing gas in the gas storage chamber 211. The slider 21 continues to move, and the cutting block 22 cuts the busbar 12. Under the action of the arc-extinguishing gas, the arc generated at the cut point of the busbar 12 is quickly eliminated. After the busbar 12 is cut off, the plug rod 43 is inserted into the plug hole 214, and the limit block 41 extends into the limit hole 431 to prevent the slider 21 from moving backward, ensuring that the circuit is continuously in the cut-off state, thereby quickly and effectively cutting off the circuit and ensuring the safety of the circuit system.

[0035] Example 2 Please refer to Figure 9 The following describes another embodiment of this application, the main difference between which is the source and release method of the arc-extinguishing medium.

[0036] In this embodiment, the arc-extinguishing medium is not pre-stored in the gas storage chamber 211 as in the previous embodiments, but is generated instantly when the fuse is activated. Specifically, in the charging chamber 212 of the cutting mechanism 2, in addition to encapsulating the gunpowder used to push the slider 21, a specific chemical substance is also encapsulated. The characteristic of this chemical substance is that it can rapidly undergo chemical decomposition or reaction under the instantaneous high temperature and high pressure conditions generated by the gunpowder explosion, generating a gas or fine solid powder with excellent arc-extinguishing performance.

[0037] Accordingly, the internal structure of the slider 21 has also been adapted. In this embodiment, the slider 21 no longer has a sealed gas storage chamber 211 and a gas outlet 221 communicating with the gas storage chamber, thus eliminating the need for the release mechanism 3 in the aforementioned embodiment. Instead, one or more release channels 215 are machined inside the slider 21. One end of the release channel 215 opens into the slider 21 near the cutter 22 and faces the busbar 12 in the wire groove 1112; the other end is closed when the fuse is in standby mode. When the igniter 23 detonates the gunpowder, the powerful impact pushes the slider 21 upwards. After the slider 21 has traveled a predetermined distance, the other end of the release channel 215 communicates with the charging chamber 212.

[0038] Therefore, the working principle of this embodiment can be summarized as follows: When the controller issues a command, the igniter 23 detonates the gunpowder in the charging chamber 212. The gunpowder explosion generates a huge thrust, causing the slider 21 and the cutter 22 to move at high speed to cut off the busbar 12; on the other hand, the instantaneous high temperature generated by the explosion triggers a rapid reaction of the chemical substances in the chamber, instantly generating a large amount of arc-extinguishing gas or solid powder. Almost simultaneously, as the slider 21 moves, its internal release channel 215 opens, connecting the charging chamber 212 with the cut-off point of the busbar 12. Driven by the high-pressure gas generated by the explosion, the newly generated arc-extinguishing medium is sprayed at high speed and directionally onto the generating arc through the release channel 215, thereby achieving a rapid and reliable arc-extinguishing effect.

[0039] For example, the reactants can be a mixture, the components of which include: Sulfur source: Usually chemically pure elemental sulfur (S) powder. It is the central atom that makes up the SF6 molecule.

[0040] Fluorine Source: This is the key technology in the system. A solid substance that is stable at room temperature but releases "active fluorine" at high temperatures is required. Some metal fluorides, non-metal fluorides, or fluoropolymers can be used, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon).

[0041] Oxidizer: To provide the high temperature and energy required for the reaction and to ensure that the reaction is rapid and complete, a strong oxidizer, such as potassium perchlorate or nitrate, is usually added to the system.

[0042] The entire process can be understood as a miniature, controlled chemical explosion or rapid combustion: (1) Detonation / Activation: The ignition charge (such as gunpowder) in the fuse is detonated, generating an instantaneous high-temperature and high-pressure shock wave.

[0043] (2) Energy transfer: High temperature and high pressure are rapidly transferred to the gas-generating agent mixture next to it.

[0044] (3) Chemical Reaction: First, the strong oxidant reacts violently with the sulfur source, releasing a large amount of heat, causing the system temperature to rise rapidly. At extremely high temperatures, the fluorine source (such as fluoropolymers or complex fluoride salts) begins to decompose, releasing highly reactive fluorine atoms or fluorine-containing groups. These reactive fluorine molecules rapidly react with sulfur to form chemically stable sulfur hexafluoride molecules. A simplified conceptual reaction equation can be represented as: In summary, this is a process that utilizes the initial explosion to provide activation energy, triggering a rapid redox reaction in a solid chemical mixture containing a sulfur source, a fluorine source (possibly related to sodium), and an oxidant. This process generates a large amount of SF6 gas in situ within milliseconds to extinguish the electric arc.

[0045] In another embodiment, the reactant can be a solid arc-extinguishing powder, in which gunpowder is uniformly mixed with a specific solid arc-extinguishing powder in a precise ratio, or layered and filled.

[0046] This powder is not ordinary dust, but a specially selected dry powder of chemicals, the most common of which include: Sodium bicarbonate: commonly known as baking soda, has high fire extinguishing efficiency.

[0047] Potassium bicarbonate: commonly known as "purple K dry powder", it has a higher fire extinguishing efficiency than sodium bicarbonate.

[0048] Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: the main component of ABC dry powder fire extinguishers.

[0049] These materials have in common that they are stable solids under normal conditions, but can rapidly decompose at high temperatures and produce an arc-quenching effect.

[0050] (1) When the controller of the fuse (such as ECU or BMS) detects a fatal fault such as a short circuit, it will immediately send an electrical signal to the igniter.

[0051] (2) Detonation of gunpowder: The igniter is activated, instantly detonating the gunpowder in the charge chamber.

[0052] (3) Dual effect: The explosion produces two crucial effects simultaneously: Mechanical drive: The high-pressure gas generated by the explosion serves as a power source to propel the cutting block forward at high speed, impacting and cutting off the busbar of the main circuit.

[0053] Powder Dispersion: Simultaneously, the immense shock force of the explosion propels the solid arc-extinguishing powder mixed in the gunpowder out of the charging chamber at extremely high speed and energy. This powder is guided through the opened release channel 215 to the location where the busbar is about to be cut off. At the instant the busbar disconnects and the electric arc is generated, this area is enveloped by a high-density, moving "powder cloud." This is the core of the entire process. When the incandescent electric arc (essentially plasma, with temperatures reaching thousands to tens of thousands of degrees Celsius) comes into contact with this powder cloud, the following four synergistic effects occur to extinguish the arc: a) Physical cooling Countless tiny solid powder particles have a huge total surface area. When they enter the high-temperature electric arc region, they instantly absorb a large amount of heat energy, causing the arc temperature to drop sharply.

[0054] Powders undergo phase transitions (from solid to liquid and gas) and chemical decomposition at high temperatures. These processes are all strongly endothermic and can remove more energy from the electric arc.

[0055] Effect: The energy of the electric arc plasma is reduced, weakening the conditions for maintaining the electric arc combustion.

[0056] b) Isolation and Shielding The high-density powder cloud forms a physical barrier around the electric arc, isolating it from the surrounding air (especially oxygen) and preventing the arc from continuing to burn.

[0057] At the same time, this barrier also hinders the diffusion of charged particles in the electric arc.

[0058] c) Chemical Inhibition This is the most fundamental and efficient principle of solid powder arc extinguishing. The reason why an electric arc can continue is because it contains a large number of active particles (free electrons, positive ions, free radicals) that maintain conductivity. Chemical inhibition aims to eliminate these active particles.

[0059] Taking sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as an example, when it enters a high-temperature electric arc, it undergoes the following decomposition: 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 Decomposition products (such as Na) + ,OH - Free radicals and ions will undergo a series of reactions with the active particles in the electric arc: Neutralization and recombination: Positive ions produced by powder decomposition (such as Na+) + The decomposition products combine with free electrons in the electric arc; the negative ions produced combine with positive ions in the arc. This process is called "deionization" or "recombination." These decomposition products capture and neutralize the key active particles in the chain reaction that maintains the conductivity of the electric arc.

[0060] Effect: The number of free charges that can conduct electricity in the electric arc decreases sharply, the conductive channel of the arc is destroyed, and macroscopically this manifests as a sharp increase in arc resistance until the current can no longer pass through and the arc is extinguished.

[0061] d) Increasing Dielectric Strength When the electric arc is extinguished, the gap where the arc once existed is filled with solid powder particles and the gases produced by their decomposition (such as CO2).

[0062] The insulating properties of this mixture are far superior to those of air under the same conditions, effectively preventing the voltage at both ends of the circuit from breaking down the gap again and causing "arc reignition," thus ensuring that the circuit is completely and stably disconnected.

[0063] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application include: (1) By setting the release mechanism 3, the release mechanism 3 releases the arc extinguishing gas in advance when the cutting block 22 cuts the busbar 12, which can quickly eliminate the electric arc generated at the cut point of the busbar 12. The timely action of the arc extinguishing gas avoids the electric arc hazard, so that the circuit can be cut off quickly and effectively, and at the same time protects the fuse and surrounding equipment. (2) By setting the anti-retraction mechanism 4, after the busbar 12 is cut off, the plug rod 43 is inserted into the plug hole 214 of the slider 21, and the limit block 41 extends into the limit hole 431 under the action of the elastic element to prevent the slider 21 from retreating due to the reaction force, ensuring that the circuit is continuously cut off and avoiding the circuit from being reconnected.

[0064] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing processing, characterized in that, include: A conductive component (1) includes a housing (11) and a busbar (12). The housing (11) has a wire placement groove (1112) and a sliding groove (1111) communicating with the wire placement groove (1112). The busbar (12) is fixed in the wire placement groove (1112). A cutting mechanism (2) is provided, comprising a slider (21), a cutting block (22), and an igniter (23). The slider (21) is slidably disposed in the groove (1111). The cutting block (22) is fixed to the slider (21), with its cutting end facing the busbar (12). The igniter (23) is disposed at the other end of the slider (21). A charging cavity (212) is formed between the slider (21) and the igniter (23). The charging cavity (212) is used to encapsulate gunpowder. The ignition end of the igniter (23) contacts the gunpowder encapsulated in the charging cavity (212). The igniter (23) is communicatively connected to the controller. When the slider (21) moves to the preset position, the arc extinguishing medium enters the wire placement groove (1112).

2. The excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slider (21) has a sealed gas storage chamber (211) for encapsulating high-pressure arc-extinguishing gas, and the cutting block (22) has an outlet hole (221) communicating with the gas storage chamber (211). The excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing also includes a release mechanism (3), which includes a seal (31) and a push rod (32). The seal (31) is sealed in the vent (221), and the push rod (32) is fixed to the seal (31). When the cutting block (22) moves toward the busbar (12), the push rod (32) contacts the busbar (12) before the cutting block (22) to open the seal (31) and release the arc extinguishing gas in the gas storage chamber (211).

3. The excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The housing (11) includes a bottom shell (111) and a cover (112). The cover (112) is detachably connected to the bottom shell (111) and covers the bottom shell (111). The sliding groove (1111) is formed on the bottom shell (111). The wire placement groove (1112) is formed between the bottom shell (111) and the cover (112). The cover (112) is also provided with a receiving groove (1121). When the busbar (12) is cut off, the receiving groove (1121) is used to receive the bent end of the busbar (12).

4. The excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive component (1) also includes two tabs (13), which are fixed to the two ends of the busbar (12) and used to connect to the circuit.

5. The excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The slider (21) has a charging cavity (212) at one end near the igniter (23). The cutting mechanism (2) also includes a fixing part (24). One end of the fixing part (24) is fixed to the housing (11), and the other end of the fixing part (24) is slidably disposed in the charging cavity (212). The igniter (23) is fixed to the fixing part (24) and located in the charging cavity (212).

6. The excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing treatment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer side wall of the fixing part (24) is provided with a first sealing groove. The cutting mechanism (2) also includes a first sealing ring (25). The first sealing ring (25) is installed in the first sealing groove and is embedded between the fixing part (24) and the inner wall of the drug loading cavity (212).

7. The excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sealing element (31) includes a fixing ring (311), a sealing plate (312), and a plurality of first elastic elements (314). The fixing ring (311) is fixed inside the vent (221), and a plurality of hanging rings (3111) are fixed on the fixing ring (311). The sealing plate (312) is fitted to the fixing ring (311) to block the center hole of the fixing ring (311). One end of each of the first elastic elements (314) is fixed to the sealing plate (312). Each of the first elastic elements (314) has a hook (3141) fixed at the other end. The hook (3141) is used to hang on the hanging ring (3111). When the stretching length of the first elastic element (314) exceeds the preset value, the hook (3141) can be detached from the hanging ring (3111). One end of the push rod (32) is fixed to the sealing plate (312), and the other end of the push rod (32) extends towards the busbar (12) after passing through the central hole.

8. The excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner sidewall of the slide groove (1111) is also provided with a positioning groove (11111), and a positioning part (213) is formed on the outer sidewall of the slider (21). The positioning part (213) is engaged in the positioning groove (11111), and a cutting slit (2131) is formed between the positioning part (213) and the slider (21) so that when the shear force between the two exceeds a preset value, the positioning part (213) can be disengaged from the slider (21).

9. The excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The slider (21) is also provided with a socket (214), and the inner wall of the socket (214) is provided with a mounting hole (2141); The excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing also includes an anti-knock mechanism (4). The anti-knock mechanism (4) includes a limiting block (41), a second elastic element (42), and a plug rod (43). The limiting block (41) is slidably disposed in the mounting hole (2141). One end of the second elastic element (42) is fixed in the mounting hole (2141), and the other end of the second elastic element (42) is fixedly connected to one end of the limiting block (41) so that the other end of the limiting block (41) extends out of the mounting hole (2141). One end of the plug rod (43) is fixed to the busbar (12). The insert rod (43) has a limiting hole (431) on its outer side wall. When the slider (21) moves to the preset position, the other end of the insert rod (43) can be inserted into the insertion hole (214), and the other end of the limiting block (41) can extend into the limiting hole (431) to restrict the slider (21) from moving backward. The end face of the other end of the insert rod (43) that contacts the limiting block (41) has an inclined surface, so that when the limiting block (41) moves along the inclined surface, the limiting block (41) is gradually guided by the inclined surface to the position of retracting into the mounting hole (2141).

10. The excitation-type fuse supporting arc extinguishing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In addition to gunpowder, the charging chamber (212) also contains reactant (26), which can react rapidly at the high temperature of the gunpowder explosion to generate arc-extinguishing gas or arc-extinguishing solid powder. The slider (21) is provided with a release channel (215). One end of the release channel (215) is connected to the wire placement groove (1112), and the other end is connected to the charging chamber (212) after the slider (21) moves. When the gunpowder is detonated, the newly generated arc-extinguishing gas or arc-extinguishing solid powder is sprayed to the cut-off point of the busbar (12) through the release channel (215) under the action of explosion pressure to achieve arc extinguishing.

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