A photovoltaic module and energy storage device switching method, system, medium and product

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic module and energy storage device switching method and system, medium and product, and relates to the technical field of power supply. According to the current photovoltaic power generation amount and the power consumption load amount, the control system calculates the current power supply and demand difference, then combines weather information and historical power consumption data to carry out power generation prediction and power consumption prediction for a future preset time length, so as to calculate the cumulative power supply and demand difference of each future time within the future preset time length, thereby predicting the power supply and demand change trend in advance, and determining the discharging time and discharging power of the energy storage device. The active control mode based on prediction breaks through the limitation of the traditional photovoltaic energy storage system which only relies on sunrise and sunset time for fixed scheduling, can more flexibly and accurately cope with the intermittency and instability of photovoltaic power generation, makes the charging and discharging of the energy storage device match the actual power consumption demand, and supplies power in time when the photovoltaic power generation amount is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power supply technology, and in particular to a method, system, medium, and product for switching photovoltaic modules and energy storage devices. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, photovoltaic power generation has been widely applied in various fields. To address the intermittency and instability of photovoltaic power generation, energy storage devices are typically configured in photovoltaic power generation systems to achieve a dynamic balance between power supply and demand. The coordinated operation of photovoltaic modules and energy storage devices is of great significance for improving the utilization efficiency of renewable energy and ensuring the stability of power supply.

[0003] In related technologies, the automatic control method for photovoltaic energy storage systems coordinates the switching process of photovoltaic modules, energy storage devices, and the external power grid based on sunrise and sunset times. Specifically, the photovoltaic energy storage system is powered by photovoltaic modules after sunrise and switches to external power grid after sunset. At the same time, the status of the energy storage devices is determined by analyzing historical electricity consumption data. When the remaining power of the energy storage devices meets the nighttime electricity demand, the photovoltaic energy storage system automatically dispatches the energy storage devices to participate in power supply.

[0004] However, since photovoltaic power generation is significantly affected by weather changes, the automatic control method of photovoltaic energy storage system during sunrise and sunset periods is prone to causing a mismatch between the charging and discharging of energy storage equipment and the actual power demand. This results in insufficient power supply when photovoltaic power generation is low and waste of electricity when photovoltaic power generation is high. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method, system, medium, and product for switching photovoltaic modules and energy storage devices to ensure that the charging and discharging of energy storage devices matches actual power demand.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a method for switching photovoltaic modules and energy storage devices, applied to a control system. The method includes: collecting the current photovoltaic power generation, electricity load, and the power level of the energy storage device; calculating the difference between photovoltaic power generation and electricity load to obtain the current power supply-demand difference; a positive current power supply-demand difference indicates sufficient power supply at the current moment; a negative current power supply-demand difference indicates insufficient power supply at the current moment; and a zero current power supply-demand difference indicates balanced power supply at the current moment. Based on the current moment and weather information, a photovoltaic power generation prediction curve is generated within a preset time period in the future; and based on the current moment and historical electricity consumption data, a power load prediction curve is generated within a preset time period in the future. Based on the photovoltaic power generation forecast curve and the electricity load forecast curve, a power supply and demand difference forecast curve is determined, which includes the power supply and demand difference at each future moment within a preset time period. Combining the current power supply and demand difference and the power supply and demand difference forecast curve, the cumulative power supply and demand difference at each future moment within the preset time period is determined. When the target cumulative power supply and demand difference is less than or equal to the preset lower limit threshold and the power level is higher than the discharge lower limit, the corresponding target future moment is determined as the discharge moment of the energy storage device. Based on the relationship between the power level and the target cumulative power supply and demand difference, the discharge power of the energy storage device at the discharge moment is determined. At the discharge moment, the operation of the energy storage device is controlled according to the discharge power.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the control system calculates the current power supply-demand difference based on the current photovoltaic power generation and power load. Then, it combines weather information and historical power consumption data to predict power generation and consumption for a preset period in the future. This allows for the calculation of the cumulative power supply-demand difference at each future moment within the preset period, thereby predicting the trend of power supply and demand changes in advance and determining the discharge time and discharge power of the energy storage device. This prediction-based active control method overcomes the limitations of traditional photovoltaic energy storage systems that rely solely on fixed scheduling based on sunrise and sunset times. It can more flexibly and accurately address the intermittency and instability of photovoltaic power generation, ensuring that the charging and discharging of the energy storage device matches the actual power demand. When photovoltaic power generation is low, the energy storage device supplies power in a timely manner, thereby improving the power supply reliability, equipment utilization efficiency, and overall operational stability of the photovoltaic energy storage system.

[0008] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the discharge power of the energy storage device at the discharge time is determined based on the relationship between the power level and the target cumulative power supply-demand difference. Specifically, this includes: calculating the difference between the power level and the lower limit of discharge to obtain the discharge capacity of the energy storage device; when the discharge capacity is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, calculating the difference between the cumulative power supply-demand difference and the target cumulative power supply-demand difference at each future time within a preset period after the discharge time to obtain the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference; when the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference shows a decreasing trend, dividing a preset first percentage of the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference by a preset discharge duration to obtain the discharge power; when the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference shows an increasing trend, dividing a preset second percentage of the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference by a preset discharge duration to obtain the discharge power, wherein the preset first percentage is less than the preset second percentage.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the system controls the change in the cumulative power supply-demand difference within a preset period after the discharge time. When the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference decreases, a smaller preset first percentage is used to calculate the discharge power; when the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference increases, a larger preset second percentage is used to calculate the discharge power. This dynamic power adjustment mechanism fully considers the future power supply-demand trend, enabling more rational allocation and utilization of energy storage resources. It reduces discharge power to conserve energy when the trend is decreasing and increases discharge power to cope with potential power shortages when the trend is increasing. This effectively avoids the problems of over-discharge or under-discharge of energy storage devices. Through refined power control, it ensures power supply capacity, extends the service life of energy storage devices, and improves the utilization efficiency of energy storage resources.

[0010] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, after calculating the difference between the power level and the discharge lower limit to obtain the dischargeable amount of the energy storage device, the method further includes: when the dischargeable amount is less than the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, obtaining a list of power loads; based on the list of power loads, determining target loads with a priority higher than a preset first priority threshold, wherein the total power consumption of the target loads does not exceed the dischargeable amount; dividing the dischargeable amount by a preset discharge duration to obtain the discharge power, wherein the discharge power refers to the power supplied by the energy storage device to the target load.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when the discharge capacity of the energy storage device is less than the absolute value of the supply-demand difference of the target cumulative power, the control system will obtain a list of power loads and identify target loads with a priority higher than the preset first priority threshold. This ensures that the total power consumption of the target loads does not exceed the discharge capacity, allowing the energy storage device to supply power to the target loads. This hierarchical power supply scheme, which considers the importance of loads, can prioritize the power supply needs of important loads when energy storage resources are limited. The discharge power is determined by dividing the discharge capacity by the preset discharge duration, which not only ensures the continuous power supply capability to the target loads but also avoids the disorderly consumption of energy storage resources, improves the emergency response capability in the event of power shortages, and enhances the reliability and stability of power supply.

[0012] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, after determining the cumulative power supply-demand difference for each future moment within a preset time period by combining the current power supply-demand difference and the power supply-demand difference prediction curve, the method further includes: when the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is greater than or equal to a preset power upper limit threshold and the power level is lower than the capacity upper limit, determining the corresponding target future moment as the charging moment of the energy storage device; determining the charging power of the energy storage device at the charging moment based on the relationship between the power level and the target cumulative power supply-demand difference; and controlling the operation of the energy storage device based on the charging power at the charging moment.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the control system determines the relationship between the target cumulative power supply-demand difference and the preset power upper limit threshold, as well as the relationship between the power level of the energy storage device and its capacity upper limit. This dynamically determines the optimal charging time, effectively preventing overcharging of the energy storage device while ensuring timely energy storage when power supply is sufficient. The control system dynamically adjusts the charging power based on the relationship between the power level and the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, achieving precise control of the energy storage device's charging process. This multi-dimensional parameter-based charging control strategy fully utilizes surplus power resources, avoids overcharging of the energy storage device, significantly improves the lifespan of the energy storage device and the overall energy utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic energy storage system, and provides sufficient energy reserves for subsequent discharge processes.

[0014] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the charging power of the energy storage device at the charging time is determined based on the relationship between the power level and the target cumulative power supply-demand difference. Specifically, this includes: calculating the difference between the upper limit of capacity and the power level to obtain the rechargeable amount of the energy storage device; if the rechargeable amount is greater than or equal to the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, determining the photovoltaic power generation prediction curve within a preset period after the charging time; calculating the photovoltaic power generation change rate based on the photovoltaic power generation prediction curve within the preset period after the charging time; when the photovoltaic power generation change rate is greater than a preset change rate threshold, dividing a preset third percentage of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference by a preset charging time to obtain the charging power; when the photovoltaic power generation change rate is less than or equal to a preset change rate threshold, dividing a preset fourth percentage of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference by a preset charging time to obtain the charging power, wherein the preset third percentage is less than the preset fourth percentage.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when the rechargeable capacity of the energy storage device is greater than or equal to the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, the control system calculates the photovoltaic power generation prediction curve within a preset period after the charging time and calculates the photovoltaic power generation change rate. When the photovoltaic power generation change rate is large, a smaller preset third percentage is used; when the photovoltaic power generation change rate is small, a larger preset fourth percentage is used. This differentiated charging strategy can better adapt to the fluctuation characteristics of photovoltaic power generation. By organically combining the dynamic characteristics of photovoltaic power generation with the charging process of the energy storage device, the instability of photovoltaic power generation can be effectively addressed while ensuring charging efficiency. This improves the adaptability of the photovoltaic energy storage system to photovoltaic power generation fluctuations, enhances the stability and reliability of the entire photovoltaic energy storage system, and optimizes the allocation and utilization efficiency of energy storage resources.

[0016] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, after calculating the difference between the upper limit of capacity and the level of electricity to obtain the rechargeable amount of the energy storage device, the method further includes: if the rechargeable amount is less than the target cumulative electricity supply-demand difference, obtaining the operating parameters of the energy storage device, and determining the maximum allowable charging power based on the operating parameters; dividing the rechargeable amount by a preset minimum charging time to obtain a first charging power; when the first charging power is less than the maximum allowable charging power, determining the first charging power as the charging power; when the first charging power is greater than or equal to the maximum allowable charging power, determining the maximum allowable charging power as the charging power.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, when the rechargeable capacity of the energy storage device is insufficient to meet the supply-demand gap of the target cumulative electricity, the control system determines the maximum allowable charging power based on the operating parameters of the energy storage device. The ratio of the rechargeable capacity to the preset minimum charging time is used as a candidate charging power. By comparing these two power ratios, the control system can select the safer charging power to execute the charging process. This charging power optimization mechanism under multiple constraints ensures that the energy storage device operates within its safe operating range while maximizing the utilization of the rechargeable capacity. This improves the charging safety and reliability of the energy storage device, extends its service life, and enhances the adaptability and operating efficiency of the photovoltaic energy storage system under complex operating conditions, providing a strong guarantee for the safe and efficient operation of the energy storage device.

[0018] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, after determining the cumulative power supply-demand difference at each future moment within a preset time period by combining the current power supply-demand difference and the power supply-demand difference prediction curve, the method further includes: when the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is less than or equal to a preset power lower limit threshold and the power level is lower than or equal to the discharge lower limit, determining the mandatory loads and non-mandatory loads according to the power load list; when the power level meets the power supply requirements of the mandatory loads, allocating the power level to the mandatory loads and stopping power supply to the non-mandatory loads; when the power level cannot meet the power supply requirements of the mandatory loads, sending an emergency power supply alarm.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when photovoltaic power generation cannot meet the electricity load and the energy storage device's power level is low, the control system classifies the electricity load into mandatory and non-mandatory protection categories, thereby achieving a more rational allocation of power supply resources. When the power level meets the requirements of mandatory protection loads, priority is given to ensuring power supply to mandatory protection loads, while non-mandatory protection loads are promptly disconnected to avoid ineffective consumption of energy storage resources. When the power level is insufficient to meet the requirements of mandatory protection loads, the control system will promptly issue an emergency power supply alarm, reserving time for further emergency handling. This hierarchical load management and alarm mechanism significantly improves the emergency handling capability of the photovoltaic energy storage system under extreme operating conditions, ensures continuous power supply to critical loads, and maximizes the emergency power supply time of the photovoltaic energy storage system through reasonable load shedding strategies, thereby ensuring safe and stable power supply.

[0020] In a second aspect, embodiments of this application provide a control system comprising: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors and is used to store computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions, wherein the one or more processors invoke the computer instructions to cause the control system to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0021] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product containing instructions that, when the computer program product is run on a control system, cause the control system to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0022] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed on a control system, cause the control system to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0023] Understandably, the control system provided in the second aspect, the computer program product provided in the third aspect, and the computer storage medium provided in the fourth aspect are all used to execute the methods provided in the embodiments of this application. Therefore, the beneficial effects they can achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0024] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0025] 1. By adopting the above technical solution, the control system calculates the current power supply-demand difference based on the current photovoltaic power generation and power load. Then, combining weather information and historical power consumption data, it predicts power generation and power consumption for a preset period in the future to calculate the cumulative power supply-demand difference at each future moment within the preset period. This allows for advance prediction of power supply-demand trends and determination of the discharge time and power of the energy storage device. This prediction-based active control method overcomes the limitations of traditional photovoltaic energy storage systems that rely solely on fixed sunrise and sunset times for scheduling. It can more flexibly and accurately address the intermittency and instability of photovoltaic power generation, ensuring that the charging and discharging of the energy storage device matches actual power demand. When photovoltaic power generation is low, the energy storage device supplies power promptly, improving the power supply reliability, equipment utilization efficiency, and overall operational stability of the photovoltaic energy storage system.

[0026] 2. By adopting the above technical solution, the system controls the change in the cumulative power supply-demand difference within a preset period after the discharge time. When the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference decreases, a smaller preset first percentage is used to calculate the discharge power; when the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference increases, a larger preset second percentage is used to calculate the discharge power. This dynamic power adjustment mechanism fully considers the future power supply-demand trend, enabling more rational allocation and utilization of energy storage resources. It reduces discharge power to conserve energy when the trend is decreasing and increases discharge power to cope with potential power shortages when the trend is increasing. This effectively avoids the problems of over-discharge or under-discharge of energy storage devices. Through refined power control, it ensures power supply capacity, extends the service life of energy storage devices, and improves the utilization efficiency of energy storage resources.

[0027] 3. By adopting the above technical solution, when the rechargeable capacity of the energy storage device is insufficient to meet the supply-demand gap of the target cumulative electricity, the control system determines the maximum allowable charging power based on the operating parameters of the energy storage device. The ratio of the rechargeable capacity to the preset minimum charging time is used as a candidate charging power. By comparing these two power values, the control system can select the safer charging power to execute the charging process. This charging power optimization mechanism under multiple constraints ensures that the energy storage device operates within its safe operating range while maximizing the utilization of the rechargeable capacity. This improves the charging safety and reliability of the energy storage device, extends its service life, and enhances the adaptability and operating efficiency of the photovoltaic energy storage system under complex operating conditions, providing a strong guarantee for the safe and efficient operation of the energy storage device. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a photovoltaic module and energy storage device switching method in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram of the switching method between photovoltaic modules and energy storage devices in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the physical device structure of a control system in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The terminology used in the following embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. As used in the specification of this application, the singular expressions “a,” “an,” “the,” “the,” and “this” are intended to include the plural expressions as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application refers to any or all possible combinations including one or more of the listed items.

[0032] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature, and in the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0033] The following describes the process of the method provided in this implementation. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the switching method between photovoltaic modules and energy storage devices in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] S101. Collect the current photovoltaic power generation, power load and power level of energy storage equipment, calculate the difference between photovoltaic power generation and power load, and obtain the current power supply and demand difference. A positive current power supply and demand difference indicates that the current power supply is sufficient, a negative current power supply and demand difference indicates that the current power supply is insufficient, and a zero current power supply and demand difference indicates that the current power supply is balanced.

[0035] Among them, photovoltaic power generation refers to the actual power generation of photovoltaic modules at the current moment, measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh); electricity load refers to the actual electricity consumption of all electrical devices at the current moment, measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh); the energy storage device's power level indicates the percentage of its current remaining power relative to its rated capacity; the current power supply-demand difference is the difference between photovoltaic power generation and electricity load at the current moment, used to indicate whether the photovoltaic energy storage system has a power surplus or shortage at the current moment, measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh). For example, when photovoltaic power generation is 100 kWh and electricity load is 80 kWh, the current power supply-demand difference is 20 kWh, indicating that the current power supply is sufficient.

[0036] Specifically, the control system collects the output current and voltage of the photovoltaic modules in real time through power acquisition devices connected to the photovoltaic modules, calculates the output power, and then multiplies the output power by the time interval to obtain the photovoltaic power generation at the current moment. Simultaneously, the control system collects real-time power consumption data from all electrical devices through power metering devices and accumulates this data to obtain the power load. Additionally, the control system obtains the current power level through the battery management system (BMS) of the energy storage device. After obtaining the photovoltaic power generation and power load, the control system performs a subtraction operation to obtain the current power supply-demand difference, and determines whether the power supply status of the photovoltaic energy storage system is sufficient, insufficient, or balanced based on the sign of this difference.

[0037] S102. Based on the current time and weather information, predict the photovoltaic power generation forecast curve within the future preset time period. Based on the current time and historical electricity consumption data, predict the electricity load forecast curve within the future preset time period. Based on the photovoltaic power generation forecast curve and the electricity load forecast curve, determine the electricity supply and demand difference forecast curve. The electricity supply and demand difference forecast curve includes the electricity supply and demand difference at each future time within the future preset time period.

[0038] The weather information includes meteorological parameters that affect photovoltaic module power generation, such as light intensity, cloud cover, and temperature; historical electricity consumption data refers to the electricity load data recorded over a past period; the photovoltaic power generation forecast curve represents the predicted photovoltaic power generation at each future moment within a preset time period; the electricity load forecast curve represents the predicted electricity load at each future moment within a preset time period; and the electricity supply-demand difference forecast curve is obtained by subtracting the electricity load forecast curve from the photovoltaic power generation forecast curve, and is used to represent the electricity supply-demand difference at each future moment within a preset time period.

[0039] Specifically, the control system obtains weather information for a preset future time period through a meteorological data interface, including parameters such as sunlight intensity, cloud cover, and temperature at each future moment within that period. Combining this weather information with the photovoltaic module's power generation characteristic model (such as photoelectric conversion efficiency and temperature coefficient), a machine learning algorithm predicts the photovoltaic power generation for each future moment within the preset future time period, forming a photovoltaic power generation prediction curve. Simultaneously, based on the current electricity load and considering historical electricity consumption patterns for the same period and similar days, the control system generates an electricity load prediction curve for each future moment within the preset future time period using a time series prediction algorithm. Finally, the control system performs a difference calculation between the photovoltaic power generation prediction curve and the electricity load prediction curve to obtain an electricity supply-demand difference prediction curve reflecting the electricity supply and demand situation within the preset future time period. This prediction process fully considers the impact of weather changes and electricity consumption patterns, providing a predictive basis for subsequent energy storage control decisions.

[0040] Assuming a forecast of supply and demand over the next 24 hours, the following data only includes some information from 04:00 to 12:00:

[0041] Table 1. Electricity Supply and Demand Difference Table

[0042]

[0043] S103. Combining the current power supply-demand difference and the power supply-demand difference prediction curve, determine the cumulative power supply-demand difference at each future moment within the preset time period;

[0044] Among them, the cumulative power supply and demand difference represents the cumulative value of the power supply and demand difference from the current moment to a certain future moment, which is used to represent the overall power supply and demand situation within this time period; the future preset duration refers to the time range calculated from the current moment forward; the future moment represents any point in time within the future preset duration.

[0045] Specifically, the control system uses the current electricity supply-demand difference as the starting value, and then accumulates the predicted electricity supply-demand difference for each future time in the electricity supply-demand difference prediction curve in chronological order. For example, for any future time t, the cumulative electricity supply-demand difference equals the current electricity supply-demand difference plus the sum of all predicted electricity supply-demand differences from the current time to the future time t. This cumulative calculation method can reflect the cumulative electricity situation from the current time to any future time, enabling the control system to detect potential supply-demand imbalances in advance and providing a basis for decision-making for the early adjustment of energy storage devices.

[0046] Following the example from step S102, assuming the current time is 04:00 and the current electricity supply-demand difference is -180kWh, calculate the cumulative electricity supply-demand difference from 04:00 to 12:00:

[0047] Table 2 Cumulative Electricity Supply-Demand Difference

[0048]

[0049] S104. When the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is less than or equal to the preset power lower limit threshold and the power level is higher than the discharge lower limit, the corresponding target future time is determined as the discharge time of the energy storage device.

[0050] The target cumulative power supply-demand difference refers to the cumulative power supply-demand difference at a specific future moment, representing the overall power supply and demand situation from the current moment to that specific future moment. The preset power lower limit threshold represents the critical value of the cumulative power supply-demand difference at which the energy storage device needs to be started to discharge, and is usually a negative value. The discharge lower limit refers to the minimum power level at which the energy storage device is allowed to discharge, used to protect the energy storage device, and is usually set to 10%-20% of the rated capacity. The target future moment represents the specific future moment corresponding to the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, which is determined as the moment when the energy storage device needs to be started to discharge. For example, when the preset power lower limit threshold is -400kWh, the target cumulative power supply-demand difference at a certain target future moment is -450kWh, and the power level of the energy storage device is 30% at this time (15% higher than the discharge lower limit), this target future moment will be determined as the discharge moment.

[0051] Specifically, the control system iterates through all future moments within a preset time period, judging the cumulative power supply-demand difference for each future moment. When it finds that the cumulative power supply-demand difference for a certain future moment is less than or equal to a preset lower power limit threshold, the control system immediately checks whether the current power level of the energy storage device is higher than the discharge lower limit. Only when both conditions are met simultaneously will the future moment be marked as a potential discharge moment. If multiple future moments meet the conditions, the control system will prioritize the earliest occurring future moment as the discharge moment to proactively address potential power shortages. This dual-threshold-based judgment mechanism ensures that the photovoltaic energy storage system can respond promptly to power shortages while avoiding damage caused by excessive discharge of the energy storage device.

[0052] S105. Determine the discharge power of the energy storage device at the discharge moment based on the relationship between the power level and the supply-demand difference of the target cumulative power.

[0053] Among them, the relationship between the power level and the target cumulative power supply-demand difference includes the power level being equal to the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, the power level being less than the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, and the power level being greater than the target cumulative power supply-demand difference; discharge power refers to the output power of the energy storage device, and the unit is kilowatt (kW).

[0054] Specifically, the control system compares the current power supply level with the target cumulative power supply-demand gap:

[0055] (1) When the power level is equal to the supply and demand difference of the target cumulative power, the energy storage capacity is just enough. The basic discharge power = power level ÷ discharge duration. Considering the load fluctuation reserve coefficient (e.g. 0.9) and the loss of energy storage conversion efficiency (e.g. 0.95), the final discharge power = basic discharge power × load fluctuation reserve coefficient × energy storage conversion efficiency. The discharge duration refers to the time interval between future moments.

[0056] (2) When the power level is greater than the target cumulative power supply and demand difference, the energy storage capacity is sufficient. Based on the cumulative power supply and demand difference at each future moment within the preset time period, the power allocation is adjusted, which fully considers the future power supply and demand change trend. Energy storage resources can be allocated and utilized more rationally. When the trend decreases, the discharge power is reduced to save energy storage. When the trend increases, the discharge power is increased to cope with possible power shortages. This effectively avoids the problem of over-discharge or under-discharge of energy storage equipment.

[0057] (3) When the power level is less than the target cumulative power supply and demand difference, the energy storage capacity is insufficient. The control system identifies the critical load and calculates the minimum necessary power supply as the discharge power.

[0058] S106. At the discharge time, control the operation of the energy storage device according to the discharge power.

[0059] Specifically, the control system checks whether the various operating parameters of the energy storage device are within the normal range. If the operating parameters are within the normal range, the control system sends a discharge control command to the power conversion system of the energy storage device through the communication interface, including the discharge time, discharge power, and discharge duration. During the discharge process, the control system monitors the operating status of the energy storage device in real time. If any abnormalities are detected (such as discharge power deviation exceeding the allowable range, excessively high temperature, etc.), it will immediately make dynamic adjustments or take protective measures.

[0060] By adopting the above technical solution, the control system calculates the current power supply-demand difference based on the current photovoltaic power generation and power load. Then, it combines weather information and historical power consumption data to predict power generation and consumption for a preset period in the future. This allows for the calculation of the cumulative power supply-demand difference at each future moment within the preset period, thereby predicting the trend of power supply and demand changes in advance and determining the discharge time and discharge power of the energy storage device. This prediction-based active control method overcomes the limitations of traditional photovoltaic energy storage systems that rely solely on fixed scheduling based on sunrise and sunset times. It can more flexibly and accurately address the intermittency and instability of photovoltaic power generation, ensuring that the charging and discharging of the energy storage device matches the actual power demand. When photovoltaic power generation is low, the energy storage device supplies power in a timely manner, thereby improving the power supply reliability, equipment utilization efficiency, and overall operational stability of the photovoltaic energy storage system.

[0061] The following provides a more detailed description of the process of the method provided in this implementation. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 This is another flowchart illustrating the switching method between photovoltaic modules and energy storage devices in this application embodiment.

[0062] After determining the cumulative power supply-demand difference for each future time period within the preset time frame by combining the current power supply-demand difference and the power supply-demand difference prediction curve in step S103, the following steps may or may not be performed; this is not limited here:

[0063] S201. When the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is less than or equal to the preset power lower limit threshold and the power level is lower than or equal to the discharge lower limit, determine the mandatory and non-mandatory loads according to the power load list.

[0064] The power load list includes multiple power loads and their power consumption information. "Mandatory loads" refer to critical electrical equipment that must be supplied with power under all circumstances, such as safety equipment and key production equipment. "Non-mandatory loads" refer to secondary electrical equipment whose power supply can be temporarily cut off in emergencies. For example, when the preset lower limit threshold for power consumption is -400kWh, the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is -450kWh, and the energy storage device's power level is 12% (below the discharge lower limit of 12%), the control will initiate hierarchical management of power loads.

[0065] Specifically, the control system extracts detailed information about all electrical loads from the load list, including key parameters such as load type, rated power, and operating status. Based on a preset load classification algorithm, the control system divides electrical loads into two categories: mandatory loads and non-mandatory loads. Mandatory loads mainly include: firstly, safety-assured equipment; secondly, core production equipment; others are not limited here. Non-mandatory loads are all electrical loads other than mandatory loads.

[0066] S202. When the power level meets the power supply requirements of the guaranteed load, the power level is allocated to the guaranteed load and the power supply to the non-guaranteed load is stopped.

[0067] Among them, "power level meets the power supply requirements of the essential load" means that the power level of the energy storage device is sufficient to support the normal operation of the essential load for a certain period of time; "allocation" means allocating the limited power level in the energy storage device to the essential load; and "stopping the power supply to the non-essential load" means cutting off the power supply to the non-essential load through circuit breakers or switching equipment.

[0068] Specifically, the control system determines the power supply demand of the mandatory loads based on their power consumption information. This involves calculating the required power for the mandatory loads within a certain timeframe. When the power level meets the demand of the mandatory loads within that timeframe, the control system allocates the power to them. For example, if the power level is 10 kWh, the total power of the mandatory loads is 4 kW, and the load is expected to last for 2 hours, the power level meets the demand (10 kWh > 4 kW × 2h = 8 kWh). The control system will then allocate the power proportionally to each mandatory load according to a pre-set allocation scheme. Simultaneously, it will use power switch control devices to systematically cut off power to non-mandatory loads and record the cut-off time and relevant operating parameters.

[0069] S203. When the power level cannot meet the power supply requirements of the essential load, send an emergency power supply alarm.

[0070] Among them, the emergency power supply alarm refers to the alarm information issued by the control system to indicate that there is a serious power shortage (neither photovoltaic modules nor energy storage devices can meet the power supply demand); the power level cannot meet the power supply demand of the essential loads means that the power level of the energy storage devices cannot maintain the minimum operating requirements of the essential loads.

[0071] Specifically, for example, when the power supply level is 5kWh and the power demand of the essential load is 8kWh, the control system will issue an emergency power supply alarm. The control system will immediately generate an alarm data packet and send it to the relevant responsible person through preset communication channels (such as SMS, email, audible and visual alarms, etc.).

[0072] S204. When the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is less than or equal to the preset power lower limit threshold and the power level is higher than the discharge lower limit, the corresponding target future time is determined as the discharge time of the energy storage device; the difference between the power level and the discharge lower limit is calculated to obtain the discharge capacity of the energy storage device.

[0073] For details, please refer to step S104, which will not be repeated here.

[0074] S205. When the dischargeable amount is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, calculate the difference between the cumulative power supply-demand difference and the target cumulative power supply-demand difference at each future time within a preset period after the discharge time, and obtain the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference.

[0075] The absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference refers to the actual size of the predicted power shortage; the preset time period refers to the time range within which the control system analyzes the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference, typically 2-4 hours; the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference indicates the direction and rate of change of the cumulative power supply-demand difference within the preset time period after the discharge time; each future moment within the preset time period after the discharge time refers to the time range from the moment the energy storage device begins discharging to the end of the preset time period. For example, when the dischargeable capacity is 80kWh, which is greater than the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference of 60kWh, the control system will analyze the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference over the next 4 hours.

[0076] Specifically, the control system compares the dischargeable amount with the absolute value of the target cumulative energy supply-demand difference. If the dischargeable amount is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the target cumulative energy supply-demand difference, it indicates that the energy storage device can meet the discharge demand. The control system reads the cumulative energy supply-demand difference for each future time within a preset period after the discharge time. By calculating the difference between adjacent future times and performing polynomial fitting, a curve reflecting the changing trend of the cumulative energy supply-demand difference is obtained. The control system analyzes the slope and curvature of this curve to determine whether the changing trend of the cumulative energy supply-demand difference is increasing or decreasing.

[0077] S206. When the cumulative power supply-demand difference shows a decreasing trend, the preset first percentage of the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is divided by the preset discharge duration to obtain the discharge power.

[0078] The decreasing trend refers to the gradual reduction of the cumulative power supply-demand gap over time, for example, {-400, -450, -500, -670, -780...}. The preset first percentage refers to the discharge ratio coefficient selected under the decreasing trend, usually set between 60% and 80%, optimized based on historical operating data and equipment characteristics. The preset discharge duration refers to the planned continuous discharge time. The discharge power represents the output power of the energy storage device, in kilowatts (kW). For example, when the target cumulative power supply-demand gap is -50kWh, the preset first percentage is 70%, the preset discharge duration is 2 hours, and the discharge power is (50kWh × 70%) / 2h = 17.5kW.

[0079] Specifically, the control system multiplies the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference by a preset first percentage, and then divides it by a preset discharge duration to calculate a smaller discharge power. This more conservative power calculation scheme can avoid over-discharge and reserve sufficient energy storage margin for possible subsequent supply-demand fluctuations.

[0080] S207. When the cumulative power supply and demand difference shows an increasing trend, the preset second percentage of the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply and demand difference is divided by the preset discharge duration to obtain the discharge power. The preset first percentage is less than the preset second percentage.

[0081] The increasing trend refers to the gradual increase in the cumulative power supply-demand difference over time, for example, {120, 240, 367, 489, 510...}. The preset second percentage is the discharge ratio coefficient selected under the increasing trend, usually set between 80% and 95%, and optimized based on historical operating data and equipment characteristics. A design where the preset second percentage is greater than the preset first percentage is used to provide greater discharge power when the cumulative power supply-demand difference shows an increasing trend. For example, when the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is -50kWh, the preset second percentage is 90%, the preset discharge duration is 2 hours, and the discharge power is (50kWh × 90%) / 2h = 22.5kW.

[0082] Specifically, the control system multiplies the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand gap by a preset second percentage, and then divides it by a preset discharge duration to calculate a larger discharge power value. This aggressive power control strategy aims to quickly fill the power supply gap and prevent the cumulative power supply-demand gap from worsening further.

[0083] S208. When the dischargeable amount is less than the absolute value of the supply-demand difference of the target cumulative power, obtain the power load list, and based on the power load list, determine the target load with a priority higher than the preset first priority threshold. The total power consumption of the target load does not exceed the dischargeable amount. Divide the dischargeable amount by the preset discharge duration to obtain the discharge power. The discharge power refers to the power supplied by the energy storage device to the target load.

[0084] The preset first priority threshold represents the standard value for judging the importance of electrical loads; target loads refer to electrical loads with a priority higher than the preset first priority threshold; the limitation that the total power consumption does not exceed the discharge capacity is used to ensure that the energy storage device can maintain continuous power supply to these target loads. For example, when the discharge capacity is 30kWh, the control system will select target loads with a priority higher than 0.8 (out of 1.0) and ensure that the total power consumption of these target loads does not exceed 30kWh.

[0085] Specifically, the control system filters target loads based on a preset first priority threshold, and then uses a dynamic programming algorithm to select the optimal load combination under the constraint that the total power consumption does not exceed the discharge capacity. The control system divides the discharge capacity by a preset discharge duration to obtain a safe discharge power, which is used to ensure that the selected target load continues to operate throughout the entire preset discharge duration.

[0086] S209. At the discharge time, control the operation of the energy storage device according to the discharge power.

[0087] For details, please refer to step S106, which will not be repeated here.

[0088] S210. When the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is greater than or equal to the preset power upper limit threshold and the power level is lower than the capacity upper limit, the corresponding target future time is determined as the charging time of the energy storage device; the difference between the capacity upper limit and the power level is calculated to obtain the rechargeable amount of the energy storage device.

[0089] Among them, the upper limit of capacity refers to the maximum power level of the energy storage device, which is usually 95%-98% of the rated capacity; the charging time refers to the point at which the energy storage device begins to charge; the rechargeable capacity represents the amount of electricity that the energy storage device can still receive, which is equal to the difference between the upper limit of capacity and the current power level.

[0090] Specifically, the control system compares the target cumulative power supply-demand difference with a preset power upper limit threshold, while simultaneously checking whether the current power level of the energy storage device is lower than the capacity upper limit. When both conditions are met, the control system marks the target future time corresponding to the target cumulative power supply-demand difference as the charging time. The control system calculates the difference between the capacity upper limit and the power level to obtain the rechargeable amount of the energy storage device.

[0091] S211. If the rechargeable amount is less than the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, obtain the operating parameters of the energy storage device, determine the maximum allowable charging power based on the operating parameters, and divide the rechargeable amount by the preset minimum charging time to obtain the first charging power.

[0092] Among these, operating parameters refer to parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and internal resistance of the energy storage device; maximum allowable charging power refers to the maximum charging power that the energy storage device can safely receive under the current conditions; preset minimum charging time refers to the shortest time required to complete the charging process; and first charging power refers to the charging power calculated based on the rechargeable capacity and minimum charging time. For example, when the rechargeable capacity is 30kWh, the preset minimum charging time is 2 hours, and the first charging power is 15kW.

[0093] Specifically, the control system reads the operating parameters of the energy storage device, including data such as voltage, current, and temperature, through a communication interface. The control system can then look up tables to determine the mapping relationship between the operating parameters and the maximum allowable charging power. Finally, the control system divides the rechargeable capacity by the preset minimum charging time to obtain the first charging power.

[0094] S212. When the first charging power is less than the maximum allowable charging power, the first charging power is determined as the charging power.

[0095] Specifically, the control system activates a safety protection mechanism, forcibly limiting the charging power of the energy storage device to within the maximum allowable charging power range. If the initial charging power is less than the maximum allowable charging power, then the initial charging power is determined as the actual charging power. This safety protection mechanism ensures that while pursuing charging efficiency, the operational safety of the energy storage device is prioritized.

[0096] S213. When the first charging power is greater than or equal to the maximum allowable charging power, the maximum allowable charging power is determined as the charging power.

[0097] Specifically, if the first charging power is greater than or equal to the maximum allowable charging power, then the control system will determine the maximum allowable charging power as the charging power.

[0098] S214. If the rechargeable amount is greater than or equal to the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, determine the photovoltaic power generation prediction curve within a preset period after the charging time; calculate the photovoltaic power generation power change rate based on the photovoltaic power generation prediction curve within the preset period after the charging time.

[0099] Among them, the rechargeable capacity being greater than or equal to the target cumulative power supply-demand difference means that the energy storage device has enough charging space to store the excess power of the photovoltaic modules; the photovoltaic power generation prediction curve refers to the curve of the photovoltaic module's power generation (photovoltaic power generation) changing over time within a preset period after the charging time; the photovoltaic power generation change rate refers to the change in photovoltaic power generation per unit time, with the unit being kW / h.

[0100] Specifically, the control system compares the available chargeable capacity with the target cumulative energy supply-demand difference to confirm that the energy storage device has sufficient charging capacity. Then, the control system calls a meteorological data interface to obtain weather information for a preset period after the charging time, including parameters such as sunlight intensity, cloud cover, and temperature. Combining this with the performance characteristics of the photovoltaic modules, the control system uses machine learning algorithms to generate a high-precision photovoltaic power generation prediction curve. By numerically differentiating the photovoltaic power generation prediction curve, the control system calculates the rate of change of photovoltaic power generation at each future moment.

[0101] S215. When the rate of change of photovoltaic power generation exceeds the preset rate of change threshold, the preset third percentage of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is divided by the preset charging time to obtain the charging power.

[0102] The preset change rate threshold is a standard value for judging the degree of change in photovoltaic power generation, usually set at 15%-25% / hour; the preset third percentage refers to the charging ratio coefficient used when the photovoltaic power generation changes significantly, usually set at 50%-70%; the preset charging time refers to the planned charging time; and the charging power refers to the input power of the energy storage device. For example, when the photovoltaic power generation change rate is 30% / hour (greater than the preset change rate threshold of 20% / hour), the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is 40kWh, the preset third percentage is 60%, the preset charging time is 2 hours, and the charging power is (40kWh×60%) / 2h=12kW.

[0103] Specifically, the control system compares the calculated rate of change in photovoltaic power generation with a preset threshold. When the rate of change in photovoltaic power generation is large, a smaller preset third percentage is used to calculate the charging power. The control system multiplies the target cumulative power supply-demand difference by the preset third percentage and then divides it by the preset charging time to obtain a relatively small charging power. This conservative strategy can reserve sufficient adjustment space for possible power generation fluctuations and dynamically adjust the charging power according to actual power generation changes, ensuring that the energy storage system can effectively cope with fluctuations in photovoltaic power generation.

[0104] S216. When the rate of change of photovoltaic power generation is less than or equal to the preset rate of change threshold, the preset fourth percentage of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is divided by the preset charging time to obtain the charging power, where the preset third percentage is less than the preset fourth percentage.

[0105] The preset fourth percentage refers to the charging ratio coefficient used when the photovoltaic power generation is relatively stable, usually set to 75%-95%. The preset third percentage is lower than the preset fourth percentage to adopt differentiated charging strategies under different photovoltaic power generation stability conditions. For example, when the photovoltaic power generation change rate is 10% / hour (less than the preset change rate threshold of 20% / hour), the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is 40kWh, the preset fourth percentage is 85%, the preset charging time is 2 hours, and the charging power is (40kWh×85%) / 2h=17kW.

[0106] Specifically, after the control system determines that the rate of change of photovoltaic power generation is less than or equal to a preset rate of change threshold, it uses a larger preset fourth percentage to calculate the charging power. The control system multiplies the target cumulative power supply-demand difference by the preset fourth percentage, then divides it by the preset charging time to obtain a relatively large charging power value. This aggressive charging strategy aims to fully utilize stable power generation conditions and maximize energy storage benefits. At the same time, the control system continuously monitors the stability of photovoltaic power generation. If changes are detected, the charging strategy can be adjusted in a timely manner to ensure the safety of the energy storage equipment.

[0107] S217. During charging, control the operation of the energy storage device according to the charging power.

[0108] Specifically, the control system checks whether the various operating parameters of the energy storage device are within the normal range. If the operating parameters are within the normal range, the control system sends charging control commands to the power conversion system of the energy storage device through the communication interface, including the charging time, charging power, and charging duration. During the charging process, the control system monitors the operating status of the energy storage device in real time. If any abnormality is detected (such as reduced charging efficiency or excessive temperature), it will automatically adjust the charging power or activate protection measures.

[0109] The control system in the embodiments of this invention is described below from the perspective of hardware processing. Please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the physical device structure of the control system in an embodiment of this application.

[0110] It should be noted that, Figure 3 The structure of the control system shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0111] like Figure 3As shown, the control system includes a CPU 301, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a program stored in the read-only memory ROM 302 or a program loaded from the storage section 308 into the random access memory RAM 303, such as executing the methods described in the above embodiments. The RAM 303 also stores various programs and data required for system operation. The CPU 301, ROM 302, and RAM 303 are interconnected via a bus 304. An I / O interface 305 is also connected to the bus 304.

[0112] The following components are connected to I / O interface 305: input section 306 including audio input devices, push-button switches, etc.; output section 307 including a liquid crystal display (LCD) and audio output devices, indicator lights, etc.; storage section 308 including a hard disk, etc.; and communication section 309 including a network interface card such as a LAN (Local Area Network) card, modem, etc. Communication section 309 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. Drive 310 is also connected to I / O interface 305 as needed. Removable media 311, such as a disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., are installed on drive 310 as needed so that computer programs read from them can be installed into storage section 308 as needed.

[0113] In particular, according to embodiments of the present invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing computer programs for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication section 309, and / or installed from removable medium 311. When the computer program is executed by CPU 301, it performs the various functions defined in the present invention.

[0114] It should be noted that specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, optical fiber, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0115] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. Each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, program segment, or portion of code, which contains one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those shown in the drawings.

[0116] Specifically, the control system in this embodiment includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the photovoltaic module and energy storage device switching method provided in the above embodiment.

[0117] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be included in the control system described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not be assembled into the control system. The storage medium carries one or more computer programs that, when executed by a processor of the control system, cause the control system to implement the photovoltaic module and energy storage device switching method provided in the above embodiments.

[0118] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

[0119] As used in the above embodiments, depending on the context, the term "when..." can be interpreted as meaning "if...", "after...", "in response to determining...", or "in response to detecting...". Similarly, depending on the context, the phrase "when determining..." or "if (the stated condition or event) is interpreted as meaning "if determining...", "in response to determining...", "when (the stated condition or event) is detected", or "in response to detecting (the stated condition or event)".

[0120] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. This program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes described in the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM or random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. A method for switching photovoltaic modules and energy storage devices, characterized in that, Applied to a control system, the method includes: Collect the current photovoltaic power generation, electricity load, and energy storage device power level, calculate the difference between the photovoltaic power generation and the electricity load, and obtain the current power supply and demand difference. A positive current power supply and demand difference indicates that the current power supply is sufficient, a negative current power supply and demand difference indicates that the current power supply is insufficient, and a zero current power supply and demand difference indicates that the current power supply is balanced. Based on the current time and weather information, a photovoltaic power generation forecast curve is predicted for the future within a preset time period. Based on the current time and historical electricity consumption data, a power load forecast curve is predicted for the future within a preset time period. Based on the photovoltaic power generation forecast curve and the power load forecast curve, a power supply and demand difference forecast curve is determined. The power supply and demand difference forecast curve includes the power supply and demand difference at each future time within the future preset time period. By combining the current power supply-demand difference and the power supply-demand difference prediction curve, the cumulative power supply-demand difference at each future moment within a preset time period is determined; When the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is less than or equal to the preset power lower limit threshold and the power level is higher than the discharge lower limit, the corresponding target future time is determined as the discharge time of the energy storage device. The discharge power of the energy storage device at the discharge time is determined based on the relationship between the power level and the target cumulative power supply-demand difference. At the discharge moment, the energy storage device is controlled to operate according to the discharge power; The step of determining the discharge power of the energy storage device at the discharge time based on the relationship between the power level and the target cumulative power supply-demand difference specifically includes: calculating the difference between the power level and the discharge lower limit to obtain the discharge capacity of the energy storage device; when the discharge capacity is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, calculating the difference between the cumulative power supply-demand difference and the target cumulative power supply-demand difference at each future time within a preset period after the discharge time to obtain the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference; when the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference shows a decreasing trend, dividing a preset first percentage of the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference by a preset discharge duration to obtain the discharge power; when the trend of the cumulative power supply-demand difference shows an increasing trend, dividing a preset second percentage of the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference by a preset discharge duration to obtain the discharge power, wherein the preset first percentage is less than the preset second percentage.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the step of calculating the difference between the power level and the lower discharge limit to obtain the discharge capacity of the energy storage device, the method further includes: When the dischargeable amount is less than the absolute value of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, a power load list is obtained, and based on the power load list, target loads with a priority higher than a preset first priority threshold are determined, and the total power consumption of the target loads does not exceed the dischargeable amount. The discharge power is obtained by dividing the dischargeable amount by the preset discharge duration. The discharge power refers to the power supplied by the energy storage device to the target load.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the step of determining the cumulative power supply-demand difference at each future moment within a preset time period by combining the current power supply-demand difference and the power supply-demand difference prediction curve, the method further includes: When the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is greater than or equal to the preset power upper limit threshold and the power level is lower than the capacity upper limit, the corresponding target future time is determined as the charging time of the energy storage device. The charging power of the energy storage device at the charging time is determined based on the relationship between the power level and the target cumulative power supply-demand difference. During the charging period, the energy storage device is controlled to operate according to the charging power.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the charging power of the energy storage device at the charging time based on the relationship between the power level and the target cumulative power supply-demand difference specifically includes: The difference between the upper limit of capacity and the level of electricity is calculated to obtain the rechargeable amount of the energy storage device; If the rechargeable amount is greater than or equal to the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, determine the photovoltaic power generation prediction curve within a preset time period after the charging time; Calculate the photovoltaic power generation change rate based on the photovoltaic power generation prediction curve within a preset time period after the charging time; When the rate of change of photovoltaic power generation is greater than the preset rate of change threshold, the preset third percentage of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is divided by the preset charging time to obtain the charging power; When the rate of change of photovoltaic power generation is less than or equal to the preset rate of change threshold, the preset fourth percentage of the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is divided by the preset charging time to obtain the charging power, wherein the preset third percentage is less than the preset fourth percentage.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, After the step of calculating the difference between the upper limit of capacity and the level of electricity to obtain the rechargeable capacity of the energy storage device, the method further includes: If the rechargeable amount is less than the target cumulative power supply-demand difference, obtain the operating parameters of the energy storage device, and determine the maximum allowable charging power based on the operating parameters; Divide the rechargeable amount by the preset minimum charging time to obtain the first charging power; When the first charging power is less than the maximum allowable charging power, the first charging power is determined as the charging power; When the first charging power is greater than or equal to the maximum allowable charging power, the maximum allowable charging power is determined as the charging power.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the step of determining the cumulative power supply-demand difference at each future moment within a preset time period by combining the current power supply-demand difference and the power supply-demand difference prediction curve, the method further includes: When the target cumulative power supply-demand difference is less than or equal to the preset power lower limit threshold and the power level is lower than or equal to the discharge lower limit, the mandatory and non-mandatory loads are determined according to the power load list. When the power level meets the power supply requirements of the essential load, the power level is allocated to the essential load, and power supply to the non-essential load is stopped; When the power level is insufficient to meet the power supply requirements of the essential load, an emergency power supply alarm is sent.

7. A control system, characterized in that, The control system includes: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, the memory is used to store computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions, and the one or more processors call the computer instructions to cause the control system to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, characterized in that, When the instructions are executed on the control system, the control system performs the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer program product, characterized in that, When the computer program product is run on the control system, the control system performs the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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