Antenna oscillator, antenna module, antenna array and electronic equipment

Abstract

An antenna oscillator, an antenna module, an antenna array and an electronic device, the antenna oscillator (4) comprising an electric dipole (41), a magnetic dipole (42) and a feed unit (43), the current of the feed unit (43) being coupled to the magnetic dipole (42) and then being directly transmitted to the electric dipole (41) by the magnetic dipole (42), each pair of electric dipoles (41) comprising two first patches (411), each first patch (411) being a closed annular structure, each first patch (411) being disposed on the magnetic dipole (42). The coupling current is transmitted along the contour of the first patch (411), so that the transmission path of the coupling current can be prolonged, and the size of the electric dipole (41) with the same length is smaller, so that the size of the antenna oscillator (4) can be reduced. The first patch (411) of the closed annular structure reduces the radiation area of the antenna to a certain extent and reduces the coupling between the antenna oscillators (4), thereby improving the radiation gain of the antenna module (100). Therefore, the antenna element 4 can improve the radiation gain of the antenna module (100) while reducing the antenna module (100). (Figure 1)

Description

Antenna elements, antenna modules, antenna arrays and electronic equipment Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna element, an antenna module, an antenna array and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] One of the components of a mobile communication system is the base station antenna. The high requirements of the new communication era are inseparable from the optimization and innovation of the base station antenna, so the base station antenna has been constantly updated and upgraded to meet the increasing communication needs.

[0003] In order to facilitate installation, the structure of the base station antenna needs to be adjusted to reduce its volume, but this will cause greater coupling between the antenna elements of the base station antenna, affecting the radiation gain of the base station antenna.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present invention, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to ordinary technicians in this field.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and to provide an antenna element, an antenna module, an antenna array and an electronic device.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, an antenna element is provided, which includes at least one pair of electric dipoles, a pair of magnetic dipoles and at least one feeding unit, the electric dipole includes two first patches, each first patch is a closed ring structure, the first patch includes multiple ring segments, each ring segment is provided with a notch, the two ends of the notch of two adjacent ring segments are connected to each other, the two first patches are symmetrically arranged, and the two first patches are provided with a cut corner at the position close to each other; each pair of magnetic dipoles includes two second patches and a ground plate, the ground plate is spaced apart from the first patch, the ground plate and the first patch are parallel to each other, the second patch is arranged between the ground plate and the first patch, one end of the second patch is connected to the cut corner of the first patch, and the other end is connected to the ground plate; the feeding unit includes a microstrip line, the microstrip line includes a third patch and a fourth patch, the third patch is parallel to the ground plate and is arranged close to the electric dipole, the fourth patch is connected to the end of the third patch, and the fourth patch is arranged on the inner side of the second patch.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the antenna element includes two pairs of electric dipoles, two pairs of magnetic dipoles and two feeding units. The two pairs of electric dipoles, two pairs of magnetic dipoles and two feeding units are arranged symmetrically along 90° rotation, and the two pairs of magnetic dipoles share a ground plane.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first patch has a first diagonal corner close to the center of the electric dipole and a second diagonal corner away from the center of the electric dipole, and the length of the path from the first diagonal corner to the second diagonal corner on the first patch is one-quarter of the wavelength at the center frequency of the antenna element.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first patch includes a first ring segment and a second ring segment arranged in sequence away from the center of the electric dipole, the first diagonal is set at the first ring segment, the second diagonal is set at the second ring segment, the two ends of the first ring segment away from the first diagonal are connected to the two ends of the second ring segment away from the second diagonal, and the cut angle is set at a position where the two first ring segments are close to each other.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first diagonal angle of the first annular segment and the second diagonal angle of the second annular segment are equal to 90 degrees, the length of the first annular segment is greater than the length of the second annular segment, and the area of ​​the first region enclosed by the first annular segment is greater than the area of ​​the second region enclosed by the second annular segment.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first diagonal angle of the first annular segment and the second diagonal angle of the second annular segment are equal to 90 degrees, the length of the first annular segment is smaller than the length of the second annular segment, and the area of ​​the first region enclosed by the first annular segment is smaller than the area of ​​the second region enclosed by the second annular segment.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first diagonal angle and the second diagonal angle are smaller than 90 degrees.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the antenna element further includes a first substrate, and the first substrate is provided on a side of the two pairs of electric dipoles away from the magnetic dipoles.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the antenna element further includes a first substrate, which is provided on a side of the two pairs of electric dipoles close to the magnetic dipoles. The first substrate is provided with a through hole, and the orthographic projection of the antenna element on the first substrate overlaps with the through hole.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sum of the lengths of the two second patches of each pair of magnetic dipoles and the length of the ground plane between the two second patches is half the wavelength at the center frequency of the antenna element.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the angle between the second patch and the ground plane is 45°-90°.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the feeding unit further includes a second substrate, the microstrip line is arranged near the edge of the second substrate, the third patch is arranged on a side of the second substrate near the electric dipole, the fourth patch is arranged on a side of the second substrate near the second patch, and the fourth patch is parallel to the adjacent magnetic dipole.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the third patches of the two feeding units are located in two parallel planes.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, a parasitic patch is provided on a side of the two pairs of electric dipoles away from the ground plane, and the orthographic projection of the parasitic patch in the vertical direction is located within the orthographic projection of the two pairs of electric dipoles in the vertical direction.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the parasitic patch is a centrosymmetric figure, and the center of the parasitic patch and the centers of the two pairs of electric dipoles are located on the same straight line.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the parasitic patch is a centrosymmetrical figure, and the parasitic patch is eccentrically arranged relative to the centers of the two pairs of electric dipoles.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, a slot is provided on the parasitic patch, and the slot passes through the parasitic patch.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, the parasitic patch is in the shape of a cross, a circle or a square.

[0025] According to another aspect of the present invention, an antenna module is provided, which includes a reflector, a dielectric substrate, a power splitting network, a radome, and the antenna vibrator provided by any one of the present inventions; the power splitting network is arranged on one side of the reflector and does not contact the reflector; the dielectric substrate is arranged on a side of the power splitting network away from the reflector; the antenna vibrator is arranged on a side of the dielectric substrate away from the reflector, the fourth patch passes through the dielectric substrate to be connected to the power splitting network, and the multiple antenna vibrators are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the antenna module; the radome is arranged on a side of the antenna vibrator away from the reflector.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, the reflector includes a bottom plate and a plate-shaped isolation structure provided on two opposite sides of the bottom plate. The plate-shaped isolation structure includes a plurality of isolation units, and the plurality of isolation units are spaced apart along the length direction of the antenna module.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, a first through-groove is provided on the isolation unit, and the first through-groove passes through the isolation unit.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the antenna module includes four antenna elements, the power division network includes two groups of sub-networks, each group of sub-networks includes a one-to-four power divider and four one-to-two differential power dividers, the four branches of a one-to-four power divider are respectively connected to the main circuit of a one-to-two differential power divider, the phase difference between the two branches of the one-to-two differential power divider is 180°, the four branches of the four one-to-two differential power dividers have four feeding points, the two feeding units include four fourth patches, and the four feeding points are respectively connected to the four fourth patches.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, a protrusion is provided at a bottom corner of the second substrate, the protrusion passes through the ground plate and extends out of a side of the ground plate away from the electric dipole, the protrusion is engaged with the dielectric substrate, and an extension is provided at an end of the fourth patch away from the third patch, the extension extends from the second substrate to the protrusion, and the extension is connected to the power splitter network.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, the one-to-four power splitter includes a one-to-two Wilkinson power splitter and two one-to-two T-type power splitters, the branch of the Wilkinson power splitter is connected to the main circuit of the one-to-two T-type power splitter, and the branch of the one-to-two T-type power splitter is connected to the main circuit of the one-to-two differential power splitter.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, the one-to-four power splitter includes two stages of one-to-two T-type power splitters, and the branches of the first stage of one-to-two T-type power splitter are connected to the main circuit of the second stage of one-to-two T-type power splitter.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, the feeding position of the main circuit of the one-to-two Wilkinson power splitter is located within the area surrounded by its two branches.

[0033] According to another aspect of the present invention, an antenna array is provided, comprising a plurality of antenna modules provided by any one of the other aspects of the present invention, wherein the plurality of antenna modules are arranged in an array.

[0034] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, comprising the antenna array provided by yet another aspect of the present invention.

[0035] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present invention, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is clear that those skilled in the art can derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0037] FIG1 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention when the first diagonal angle and the second diagonal angle are equal to 90 degrees and the side length of the first ring segment is greater than the side length of the second ring segment.

[0038] FIG2 is a top view of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention when the first diagonal angle and the second diagonal angle are equal to 90 degrees and the side length of the first ring segment is greater than the side length of the second ring segment.

[0039] FIG3 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element without a parasitic patch according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the first diagonal angle and the second diagonal angle are equal to 90 degrees and the side length of the first ring segment is greater than the side length of the second ring segment.

[0040] FIG4 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole according to an embodiment of the present invention when the first diagonal angle and the second diagonal angle are equal to 90 degrees and the side length of the first ring segment is greater than the side length of the second ring segment.

[0041] FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the feed unit and the ground plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] FIG6 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention when the first diagonal angle and the second diagonal angle are equal to 90 degrees and the side length of the first ring segment is smaller than the side length of the second ring segment.

[0043] FIG7 is a top view of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention when the first diagonal angle and the second diagonal angle are equal to 90 degrees and the side length of the first ring segment is smaller than the side length of the second ring segment.

[0044] FIG8 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention when the first diagonal angle and the second diagonal angle are equal to 90 degrees and the first patch is set as a square frame.

[0045] FIG9 is a top view of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention when the first diagonal angle and the second diagonal angle are equal to 90 degrees and the first patch is set as a square frame.

[0046] FIG10 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention when the first diagonal angle and the second diagonal angle are less than 90 degrees and the side length of the first ring segment is greater than the side length of the second ring segment.

[0047] FIG11 is a top view of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention when the first diagonal angle and the second diagonal angle are less than 90 degrees and the side length of the first ring segment is greater than the side length of the second ring segment.

[0048] FIG12 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which an electric dipole is provided on a side of a first substrate close to a magnetic dipole, from one perspective.

[0049] FIG13 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention from another perspective, in which the electric dipole is arranged on a side of the first substrate close to the magnetic dipole.

[0050] FIG14 is a side view of an antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] FIG15 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention with the antenna cover removed, when the plate-like isolation structure is a whole rectangular structure.

[0052] FIG16 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention with the antenna cover removed, when the plate-like isolation structure includes a plurality of isolation units.

[0053] FIG17 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention with the antenna cover removed, when the plate-like isolation structure includes a plurality of isolation units and a first through-groove is provided on the isolation unit.

[0054] 18 is a top view of a power splitting network according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the one-to-four power splitter includes a one-to-two Wilkinson power splitter and two one-to-two T-type power splitters, and the feeding position is set within the area enclosed by its two branches.

[0055] 19 is a top view of a power splitting network according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the one-to-four power splitter includes a one-to-two Wilkinson power splitter and two one-to-two T-type power splitters, and the feeding position is set outside the area enclosed by its two branches.

[0056] FIG20 is a top view of a power splitting network according to an embodiment of the present invention when the one-to-four power splitter includes two stages of one-to-two T-type power splitters.

[0057] FIG21 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the feed unit and the power division network involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] FIG22 is a partially enlarged view of the connection relationship between the feed unit and the power division network involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] FIG23 is a top view of the antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention with the antenna cover removed when the parasitic patch is circular in shape.

[0060] FIG24 is a top view of the antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention with the antenna cover removed when the parasitic patch is in a square shape.

[0061] FIG25 is a top view of the antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention with the antenna cover removed when a slot is provided on the cross-shaped parasitic patch.

[0062] FIG26 is a top view of the antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention with the antenna cover removed, when the position of the parasitic patch is offset relative to the centers of the two pairs of electric dipoles.

[0063] FIG27 is a diagram showing S-parameter simulation results of the antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] FIG28 is a diagram showing the simulation results of the directional pattern of the antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] FIG29 is a diagram showing the cross-polarization simulation results of the antenna module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] FIG30 is a top view of the antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention when the antenna array includes four columns and four rows of antenna elements.

[0067] FIG31 is a top view of the antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention when the antenna array includes eight columns and four rows of antenna elements.

[0068] FIG32 is a top view of the antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention when the antenna array includes eight columns and eight rows of antenna elements.

[0069] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 100-antenna module, 1-reflector, 11-bottom plate, 12-plate-shaped isolation structure, 121-isolation unit, 1211-first through-groove, 2-dielectric substrate, 3-power division network, 30-subnetwork, 31-one-to-four power divider, 311-one-to-two Wilkinson power divider, 3111-feeding position, 3112-first main circuit, 3113-first branch, 3114-first corner, 3115-second corner, 3116-third corner, 312-one-to-two T-type power divider, 3121-second main circuit, 3122-second branch, 3123-fourth corner, 3124-fifth corner, 32-one-to-two differential power divider, 321-third main circuit, 322-third branch, 323 -feeding point, 4-antenna element, 41-electric dipole, 411-first patch, 4111-first ring segment, 4112-second ring segment, 4113-corner cut, 4114-first subsegment, 4115-second subsegment, 4116-third subsegment, 4117-fourth subsegment, 412-first substrate, 413-central area, 414-first area, 415-second area, 42-magnetic dipole, 421-second patch, 422-ground plate, 43-feeding unit, 431-microstrip line, 4311-third patch, 4312-fourth patch, 4313-extension, 432-second substrate, 4321-protrusion, 44-parasitic patch, 441-slot, 5-radome. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals in the figures represent identical or similar structures, and thus their detailed description will be omitted. Furthermore, the figures are merely schematic illustrations of the present invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0071] Although relative terms such as "upper" and "lower" are used in this specification to describe the relationship of one illustrated component to another, these terms are used herein for convenience only, such as in accordance with the orientation of the illustrations in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that if the illustrated device were flipped upside down, the component described as "upper" would become the component "lower." When a structure is referred to as "on" another structure, this may mean that the structure is integrally formed with the other structure, that the structure is "directly" disposed on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" disposed on the other structure via the other structure.

[0072] The terms "a", "an", "the", "said" and "at least one" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms "including" and "having" are used to express open-ended inclusion and mean that additional elements / components / etc. may be present in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms "first", "second" and "third" etc. are used only as labels and are not intended to limit the quantity of their objects.

[0073] One of the key components of mobile communication systems is the base station antenna. The high demands of the new communications era require optimization and innovation in base station antennas, so base station antennas are constantly being upgraded to meet the ever-increasing communication needs. With the rapid development of modern wireless communication systems, communication technology has entered the 5G era. Compared to 4G, 5G offers advantages such as fast transmission speeds, wide network coverage, low power consumption, and low latency. This requires antennas with a wider operating frequency band and higher radiation gain. Currently, base station antennas typically use single-polarization antennas or microstrip patch antennas. Single-polarization antennas only have a single channel, resulting in low efficiency and significant multipath fading. While microstrip patch antennas offer advantages such as low profile, light weight, and ease of processing, they also have relatively narrow bandwidth and low gain.

[0074] Based on this, an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna element 4. As shown in Figures 1 to 16, the antenna element 4 includes at least one pair of electric dipoles 41, a pair of magnetic dipoles 42 and at least one feeding unit 43. The electric dipole 41 includes two first patches 411, each first patch 411 is a closed ring structure, the first patch 411 includes a plurality of ring segments, each ring segment is provided with a notch, the two ends of the notch of two adjacent ring segments are connected to each other, the two first patches 411 are symmetrically arranged, and the positions where the two first patches 411 are close to each other are provided with a cut angle 4113; each pair of magnetic dipoles 42 includes two second patches 421 and a grounding plate 422, the grounding plate 422 is spaced apart from the first patch 411, and the grounding plate 422 is spaced apart from the first patch 411. The first patch 411 is parallel to each other, the second patch 421 is arranged between the ground plate 422 and the first patch 411, one end of the second patch 421 is connected to the cut corner 4113 of the first patch 411, and the other end is connected to the ground plate 422; the feeding unit 43 includes a microstrip line 431, the microstrip line 431 includes a third patch 4311 and a fourth patch 4312, the third patch 4311 is parallel to the ground plate 422 and is arranged close to the electric dipole 41, the fourth patch 4312 is connected to the end of the third patch 4311, the fourth patch 4312 is arranged on the inner side of the second patch 421, and the extension direction of the fourth patch 4312 is parallel to the extension direction of the second patch 421.

[0075] The antenna element 4 comprises an electric dipole 41, a magnetic dipole 42, and a feed unit 43. The current from the feed unit 43 couples to the magnetic dipole 42, which then transmits it directly to the electric dipole 41. Each pair of electric dipoles 41 includes two first patches 411. Each first patch 411 is a closed ring structure consisting of multiple ring segments. The coupled current is transmitted along the contours of the first patches 411, which helps extend the transmission path of the coupled current. For a given transmission distance, the electric dipole 41 with this structure is smaller, thus reducing the size of the antenna element 4. The closed ring structure of the first patches 411 reduces the radiation area of ​​the antenna module to a certain extent, reducing coupling between the antenna elements 4, thereby improving the radiation gain of the antenna module 100. Therefore, the antenna element 4 can improve the radiation gain of the antenna module 100 while reducing the radiation area.

[0076] The antenna element 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.

[0077] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of antenna element 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the first and second diagonal angles are equal to 90 degrees, and the side length of first ring segment 4111 is greater than the side length of second ring segment 4112. Figure 2 is a top view of antenna element 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the first and second diagonal angles are equal to 90 degrees, and the side length of first ring segment 4111 is greater than the side length of second ring segment 4112.

[0078] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, antenna element 4 includes two pairs of electric dipoles 41. Each pair of electric dipoles 41 includes two first patches 411. Each first patch 411 is a closed ring structure. The two first patches 411 are symmetrically arranged, and the two pairs of electric dipoles 41 are arranged symmetrically along 90° rotation. The four first patches 411 are closely adjacent to each other. The four first patches 411 are provided with cut corners 4113 at locations close to each other. The cut corners 4113 of the four first patches 411 form a central region 413, which is located at the center of the two pairs of electric dipoles 41.

[0079] Figure 3 shows a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element 4 without parasitic patch 44, according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the first and second diagonal angles B are equal to 90 degrees and the side length of the first annular segment 4111 is greater than the side length of the second annular segment 4112. Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the connection between the electric dipole 41 and the magnetic dipole 42, according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the first and second diagonal angles B are equal to 90 degrees and the side length of the first annular segment 4111 is greater than the side length of the second annular segment 4112.

[0080] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, antenna element 4 includes two pairs of magnetic dipoles 42, which are arranged symmetrically along a 90-degree rotation. Each pair of magnetic dipoles 42 includes two second patches 421 and a ground plane 422. The ground plane 422 is spaced apart from the first patch 411 and parallel to the first patch 411. The second patch 421 is located between the ground plane 422 and the first patch 411. One end of the second patch 421 is connected to the cut corner 4113 of the first patch 411, and the other end is connected to the ground plane 422. The two pairs of magnetic dipoles 42 share the ground plane 422.

[0081] The angle between the second patch 421 and the ground plane 422 is between 45° and 90°. In this embodiment, the angle can be 60°. The tilt of the magnetic dipole 42 reduces the cross-sectional height while maintaining half-wave resonance. The sum of the lengths of the two second patches 421 of each pair of magnetic dipoles 42 and the length of the ground plane 422 between the two second patches 421 is half the wavelength at the center frequency of the antenna element 4.

[0082] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the feed unit 43 and the ground plane 422 involved in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 5, the antenna element 4 includes two feed units 43, which are arranged symmetrically along a 90-degree rotation. The feed unit 43 includes a microstrip line 431, which includes a third patch 4311 and a fourth patch 4312. The third patch 4311 is parallel to the ground plane 422 and is arranged near the electric dipole 41. The fourth patch 4312 is connected to the end of the third patch 4311 and is arranged inside the second patch 421. To achieve good impedance matching, the third patches 4311 of the two feed units 43 are located in two parallel planes. The fourth patch 4312 is parallel to the adjacent second patch 421 and is equidistant from it. The parallelism between the fourth patch 4312 and the adjacent second patch 421 is not absolute, and the spacing between the fourth patch 4312 and the adjacent second patch 421 can fluctuate within a certain range.

[0083] The current transmitted to the microstrip line 431 is coupled to the magnetic dipole 42, which is then directly transmitted to the electric dipole 41 by the magnetic dipole 42. A pair of electric dipoles 41, a pair of magnetic dipoles 42, and a feeding unit 43 form a polarization. The two pairs of electric dipoles 41, two pairs of magnetic dipoles 42, and two feeding units 43 are arranged symmetrically along a 90-degree rotation, which can achieve dual polarization of the antenna element 4. When one pair of magnetic dipoles 41 is excited, the other pair of magnetic dipoles 41 that is not excited can act as a parasitic unit for the excited magnetic dipole 41.

[0084] Referring again to Figure 3 , first patch 411 has a first diagonal corner A near the center of electric dipole 41 and a second diagonal corner B away from the center of electric dipole 41. The length of the path on first patch 411 from first diagonal corner A to second diagonal corner B is one-quarter wavelength at the center frequency of antenna element 4. The coupling current is transmitted from first diagonal corner A to second diagonal corner B along the contour of first patch 411, extending the transmission path of the coupling current.

[0085] Each first patch 411 has a closed ring structure. The coupled current is transmitted along the contour of the first patch 411, which helps extend the transmission path of the coupled current. For the same transmission path, the electric dipole 41 of this structure is smaller, which can reduce the size of the antenna element 4. The closed ring structure of the first patch 411 reduces the antenna's radiation area to a certain extent, reducing the coupling between the antenna elements 4, thereby improving the radiation gain of the antenna module 100.

[0086] As shown in Figures 1 to 5, first patch 411 may include a first annular segment 4111 and a second annular segment 4112, arranged sequentially away from the center of electric dipole 41. The ends of first annular segment 4111 away from first diagonal angle A are connected to the ends of second annular segment 4112 away from second diagonal angle BB. A cut corner 4113 is provided at a position where the two first annular segments 4111 are adjacent to each other. First diagonal angle A is provided in first annular segment 4111, and second diagonal angle BB is provided in second annular segment 4112. The first diagonal angle A of first annular segment 4111 and the second diagonal angle BB of second annular segment 4112 are equal to 90 degrees. That is, first annular segment 4111 and second annular segment 4112 are both rectangular segments with different side lengths. The side length of first annular segment 4111 may be smaller than the side length of second annular segment 4112.

[0087] The first ring segment 4111 and the second ring segment 4112 still form a closed ring structure. The coupled current is transmitted along the first ring segment 4111 to the second ring segment 4112, which helps to extend the transmission path of the coupled current. For the same transmission path, the electric dipole 41 of this structure is smaller, which can reduce the size of the antenna element 4. The closed ring structure of the first patch 411 reduces the antenna's radiation area to a certain extent, reducing the coupling between the antenna elements 4, thereby improving the radiation gain of the antenna module 100.

[0088] As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the length of the first annular segment 4111 can be smaller than the length of the second annular segment 4112, and the area of ​​the first region 414 enclosed by the first annular segment 4111 is smaller than the area of ​​the second region 415 enclosed by the second annular segment 4112. The first annular segment 4111 and the second annular segment 4112 are both rectangular segments with different side lengths, i.e., the side length of the first annular segment 4111 is smaller than the side length of the second annular segment 4112. Because the distance between the second annular segments 4112 is greater than the distance between the first annular segments 4111, when the side length of the first annular segment 4111 is smaller than the side length of the second annular segment 4112, the coupling between adjacent antenna elements 4 is increased, reducing the radiation gain.

[0089] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the first diagonal angle A and the second diagonal angle B are equal to 90 degrees, and the side length of the first ring segment 4111 is smaller than the side length of the second ring segment 4112. Figure 7 is a top view of an antenna element 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the first diagonal angle A and the second diagonal angle B are equal to 90 degrees, and the side length of the first ring segment 4111 is smaller than the side length of the second ring segment 4112. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the length of the first ring segment 4111 can be greater than the length of the second ring segment 4112, and the area of ​​the first region 414 enclosed by the first ring segment 4111 can be greater than the area of ​​the second region 415 enclosed by the second ring segment 4112. In other words, the side length of the first ring segment 4111 is greater than the side length of the second ring segment 4112, to reduce coupling between adjacent antenna elements 4 and enhance radiation gain.

[0090] Figure 8 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the first diagonal angle A and the second diagonal angle B are equal to 90 degrees and the first patch 411 is configured as a square frame. Figure 9 is a top view of an antenna element 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the first diagonal angle A and the second diagonal angle B are equal to 90 degrees and the first patch 411 is configured as a square frame.

[0091] As shown in Figures 8 and 9 , first patch 411 can also be configured as a square frame. For the same transmission path length, the first patch 411 is configured as two square segments, a first ring segment 4111 and a second ring segment 4112. The sum of the areas of the first region 414 and the second region 415 is less than the area of ​​the square frame. Clearly, the electric dipole 41 in Figures 1 through 7 has a smaller volume and smaller radiation area than the electric dipole 41 in Figures 8 and 9 , thereby improving the radiation gain of the antenna module 100.

[0092] Figure 10 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the first and second diagonals A and B are less than 90 degrees and the side length of the first annular segment 4111 is greater than the side length of the second annular segment 4112. Figure 11 is a top view of an antenna element 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the first and second diagonals A and B are less than 90 degrees and the side length of the first annular segment 4111 is greater than the side length of the second annular segment 4112. As shown in Figures 10 and 11, the shape of the electric dipole 41 of the antenna element 4 is not limited to the combination of two square segments shown in Figures 10 and 11. The shape of the electric dipole 41 can also be a combination of two irregular quadrilateral segments, as shown in Figure 10. For example, the first and second diagonals A and B can be set to less than 90 degrees, or they can be set to greater than 90 degrees. However, the circumference of the electric dipole 41 must be half a wavelength and not exceed the coverage area of ​​the radome 5, and the two orthogonal pairs of magnetic and electric dipoles must not contact each other.

[0093] The first ring segment 4111 and the second ring segment 4112 still form a special-shaped ring structure. The coupled current is transmitted along the first ring segment 4111 to the second ring segment 4112, which helps to extend the transmission path of the coupled current. For the same transmission path, the electric dipole 41 of this structure is smaller, which can reduce the size of the antenna element 4. The closed ring structure of the first patch 411 reduces the antenna's radiation area to a certain extent, reducing the coupling between the antenna elements 4, thereby improving the radiation gain of the antenna module 100. When the first diagonal angle A and the second diagonal angle B are less than 90 degrees, compared to the structures shown in Figures 1 to 7, the area of ​​the first region 414 and the area of ​​the second region 415 are both smaller, and the size of the antenna element 4 is also reduced, which can further improve the radiation gain of the antenna module 100.

[0094] In Figures 1 to 7 and Figures 10 and 11 , the first annular segment 4111 may include two first subsegments 4114 and two second subsegments 4115. The first subsegments 4114 are longer than the second subsegments 4115, the two first subsegments 4114 are connected to each other, the two second subsegments 4115 are respectively connected to ends of the two first subsegments 4114 that are away from each other, and the angle between the two first subsegments 4114 is a first diagonal angle A. The second annular segment 4112 may include two third subsegments 4116 and two fourth subsegments 4117. The third subsegments 4116 are longer than the fourth subsegments 4117, the two third subsegments 4116 are connected to each other, the two fourth subsegments 4117 are respectively connected to ends of the two third subsegments 4116 that are away from each other, and the angle between the two third subsegments 4116 is a first diagonal angle A. The two fourth subsegments 4117 are respectively connected to the two second subsegments 4115 at their ends.

[0095] When the first diagonal angle A and the second diagonal angle B are equal to 90 degrees, the spacing between the first subsegment 4114 and the second subsegment 4115 of the two first patches 411 remains unchanged, and the spacing between the third subsegment 4116 and the fourth subsegment 4117 of the two first patches 411 remains unchanged. When the first diagonal angle A and the second diagonal angle B are less than 90 degrees, the spacing between the first subsegment 4114 of two adjacent first patches 411 increases, the spacing between the second subsegment 4115 of two adjacent first patches 411 remains unchanged, the spacing between the third subsegment 4116 of two adjacent first patches 411 increases, and the spacing between the fourth subsegment 4117 of two adjacent first patches 411 remains unchanged.

[0096] In the above embodiment, the shape of the first annular segment 4111 and the shape of the second annular segment 4112 are the same, and the size of the first diagonal angle A and the size of the second diagonal angle B are equal. It is understood that the shape of the first annular segment 4111 and the shape of the second annular segment 4112 can also be set to be different. For example, the shape of the first annular segment 4111 can be set to a square segment, and the shape of the second annular segment 4112 can be set to an irregular quadrilateral segment, that is, the size of the first diagonal angle A is equal to 90 degrees, and the size of the second diagonal angle B is less than 90 degrees. Alternatively, the shape of the first annular segment 4111 can be set to an irregular quadrilateral segment, and the shape of the second annular segment 4112 can be set to a square segment, that is, the size of the first diagonal angle A is less than 90 degrees, and the size of the second diagonal angle B is equal to 90 degrees.

[0097] When the angle between the fourth patch 4312 and the ground plate 422 is 60 degrees, the fourth patch 4312 extends along the first diagonal corner A toward the second diagonal corner B. The extension direction of the fourth patch 4312 overlaps with the line connecting the first diagonal corner A and the second diagonal corner B. The shapes of the first region 414 and the second region 415 are symmetrical about the line connecting the first diagonal corner A and the second diagonal corner B. The width of the fourth patch 4312 remains unchanged along its length, while the width of the first patch 411 remains unchanged along the extension direction of its outline. The width of the fourth patch 4312 can be greater than the width of the first patch 411. That is, when the first patch 411 includes a first annular segment 4111 and a second annular segment 4112, the width of the first annular segment 4111 and the width of the second annular segment 4112 are equal, and the width of the fourth patch 4312 is greater than the width of the first annular segment 4111 and the width of the second annular segment 4112.

[0098] Figure 12 shows a perspective view of the antenna element 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention, with the electric dipole 41 disposed on a side of the first substrate 412 close to the magnetic dipole 42. Figure 13 shows a perspective view of the antenna element 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention, with the electric dipole 41 disposed on a side of the first substrate 412 close to the magnetic dipole 42. As shown in Figures 12 and 13, based on Figure 1, the antenna element 4 may further include a first substrate 412. The first substrate 412 is disposed on a side of the two pairs of electric dipoles 41 away from the magnetic dipole 42. In other words, the electric dipole 41 is disposed on a side of the first substrate 412 close to the magnetic dipole 42. Because the first patch 411 has a carrier, the thickness of the first patch 411 can be reduced. For example, the thickness of the first patch 411 can be set to 0.035 mm and formed on a 0.762 mm first substrate 412. The first substrate 412 can be a PCB. In other feasible embodiments, the first substrate 412 may also be provided on a side of the two pairs of electric dipoles 41 close to the magnetic dipoles 42 , with a through hole provided on the first substrate 412 , and the orthographic projection of the antenna element 4 on the first substrate 412 overlaps with the through hole.

[0099] As shown in Figures 1 to 11, the feed unit 43 may also include a second substrate 432, with a microstrip line 431 disposed near an edge of the second substrate 432, a third patch 4311 disposed on a side of the second substrate 432 near the electric dipole 41, and a fourth patch 4312 disposed on a side of the second substrate 432 near the second patch 421. The second substrate 432 is shaped like a trapezoidal PCB board, with the sides of the second substrate 432 parallel to the fourth patch 4312, that is, the sides of the second substrate 432 parallel to the second patch 421. Two opposing surfaces of the second substrate 432 are provided with a group of microstrip lines 431 of identical shape, size, and position. Each group of microstrip lines 431 includes two microstrip lines 431. Forming the microstrip lines 431 on the second substrate 432 reduces the processing difficulty and cost of the antenna element 4. The feeding unit 43 composed of the microstrip line 431 and the second substrate 432 is used for balun feeding. In other feasible embodiments, the feeding unit can also be probe feeding, which can also feed the magnetic dipole 42 and the electric dipole 41 by coupling.

[0100] A parasitic patch 44 is provided on the side of the two pairs of electric dipoles 41 away from the ground plane 422. The vertical projection of the parasitic patch 44 overlaps the vertical projection of the magnetic dipole 42 and the vertical projection of the feed unit 43. The parasitic patch 44 serves as a guide, focusing the waves from the antenna element 4 toward the center, improving signal concentration and boosting radiation gain. As shown in the figure, the parasitic patch 44 is symmetrical in shape, with the center of the parasitic patch 44 and the center of the two pairs of electric dipoles 41 coplanar.

[0101] As shown in Figures 1 to 13 , the parasitic patch 44 can be shaped like a cross. When the parasitic patch 44 is shaped like a cross, the vertex of the intersection of the cross angles of the parasitic patch 44 can be located on the line connecting the first diagonal angle A and the second diagonal angle B. The shape of the parasitic patch 44 is not limited to the cross shape shown in the embodiment; it can also be circular or square. When the parasitic patch 44 is square, the four corners of the parasitic patch 44 can be chamfered. The cross-shaped parasitic patch 44 can further improve the radiation gain of the antenna element 4. When the parasitic patch 44 is shaped like a cross as shown in the figures, slots can also be provided on the cross-shaped parasitic patch 44.

[0102] An embodiment of the present invention also provides an antenna module 100. As shown in Figures 14 to 26, the antenna module 100 includes a reflector 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a power splitting network 3, a radome 5, and four antenna elements 4 mentioned in any of the above items. The power splitting network 3 is disposed on one side of the reflector 1 and does not contact the reflector 1; the dielectric substrate 2 is disposed on the side of the power splitting network 3 away from the reflector 1; the antenna elements 4 are disposed on the side of the dielectric substrate 2 away from the reflector 1; the fourth patch 4312 passes through the dielectric substrate 2 to connect to the power splitting network 3; the multiple antenna elements 4 are arranged in sequence along the length of the antenna module 100; and the radome 5 is disposed on the side of the antenna elements 4 away from the reflector 1.

[0103] The specific structure and beneficial effects of antenna module 100 can be referenced to antenna element 4. The specific structure and beneficial effects of antenna element 4 have been described in detail above and are therefore not repeated here. Power splitter network 3 is located on the side of dielectric substrate 2 closest to reflector 1. Power splitter network 3 does not directly contact metal reflector 1. An air layer separates power splitter network 3 and metal reflector 1, forming an air microstrip line 431. This reduces transmission loss of RF signals.

[0104] In this embodiment, the radome 5 and the dielectric substrate 2 are both elongated strips. The vertical projection of the radome 5 and the vertical projection of the dielectric substrate 2 can overlap. The radome 5 can be made of Arlon AD300A, which has a dielectric constant of 3 and a loss tangent of 0.003. The dielectric substrate 2 can be made of NYHP7300, which has a dielectric constant of 3 and a loss tangent of 0.0025.

[0105] Figure 15 is a perspective view of the antenna module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, excluding the radome 5, when the plate-like isolation structure 12 is a single rectangular structure. Figure 16 is a perspective view of the antenna module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, excluding the radome 5, when the plate-like isolation structure 12 includes multiple isolation units 121. Figure 17 is a perspective view of the antenna module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, excluding the radome 5, when the plate-like isolation structure 12 includes multiple isolation units 121 and each isolation unit 121 is provided with a first through-groove 1211.

[0106] As shown in FIG15 , the reflector 1 includes a base plate 11 and an isolation structure. The isolation structure includes two plate-shaped isolation structures 12 . The two plate-shaped isolation structures 12 are disposed on either side of the base plate 11 extending along the length of the antenna module 100. The plate-shaped isolation structures 12 can be a single rectangular structure, and the dimensions of the plate-shaped isolation structures 12 along the length of the antenna module 100 are equal to the dimensions of the base plate 11 along the length of the antenna module 100. When the plate-shaped isolation structures 12 are a single rectangular structure, the angle between the plate-shaped isolation structures 12 and the base plate 11 can be 90 degrees.

[0107] As shown in Figure 16, the plate-shaped isolation structure 12 includes a plurality of isolation units 121. The isolation units 121 are arranged perpendicular to the base plate 11 and spaced apart along the length of the antenna module 100. These isolation units 121 are used to improve the antenna's matching and radiation performance, while also reducing inter-column coupling in larger antenna arrays. The isolation units 121 can be rectangular in shape, with a partitioning slot formed between adjacent isolation units 121. The dimension of the partitioning slot along the length of the antenna module 100 is smaller than the dimension of the isolation unit 121 along the length of the antenna module 100. The dimension of the partitioning slot perpendicular to the base plate 11 can be smaller than the dimension of the isolation unit 121 perpendicular to the base plate 11, or can be equal to the dimension of the isolation unit 121 perpendicular to the base plate 11. In this embodiment, the dimension of the partitioning slot perpendicular to the base plate 11 can also be equal to the dimension of the isolation unit 121 perpendicular to the base plate 11.

[0108] In the length direction of the antenna module 100, the partition units located in the middle of the plate-like isolation structure 12 have the same size, and the partition units located at both ends of the plate-like isolation structure 12 have the same size. The partition units located at both ends of the plate-like isolation structure 12 have smaller sizes than the partition units located in the middle of the plate-like isolation structure 12.

[0109] The plate-like isolation structure 12 is not limited to the shape and size shown in the figure. A first through-slot 1211 may also be provided on the isolation unit 121, with the first through-slot 1211 extending through the isolation unit 121, as shown in FIG17 . The extension directions of multiple first through-slots 1211 may lie on the same straight line, which is parallel to the length of the antenna module 100. Therefore, the arrangement direction of the first through-slots 1211 is parallel to the length of the antenna module 100. The first through-slot 1211 may maintain a certain distance from both sides of the isolation unit, or the first through-slot 1211 may extend to one side of the isolation unit. In this embodiment, along the length of the antenna module 100, the first through-slots 1211 on the isolation units 121 at both ends of the plate-like isolation structure 12 extend to one side of the isolation unit, while the remaining first through-slots 1211 located in the middle of the plate-like isolation structure 12 maintain a certain distance from both sides of the isolation unit. The size of the first through slots 1211 of the partition unit located in the middle of the plate-shaped isolation structure 12 is larger than the size of the first through slots 1211 of the partition units located at both ends of the plate-shaped isolation structure 12 .

[0110] Figure 18 is a top view of a power splitting network 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the one-to-four power splitter 31 includes a one-to-two Wilkinson power splitter 311 and two one-to-two T-type power splitters 312, and the feeding position 3111 is located within the area enclosed by its two branches. Figure 19 is a top view of a power splitting network 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the one-to-four power splitter 31 includes a one-to-two Wilkinson power splitter 311 and two one-to-two T-type power splitters 312, and the feeding position 3111 is located outside the area enclosed by its two branches. Figure 20 is a top view of a power splitting network 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the one-to-four power splitter 31 includes two stages of one-to-two T-type power splitters.

[0111] As shown in Figures 18 to 20, the power splitter network 3 includes two groups of sub-networks 30, each of which feeds one polarization of the antenna module 100. Each group of sub-networks 30 includes a one-to-four power splitter 31 and four one-to-two differential power splitters 32. The four branches of a one-to-four power splitter 31 are respectively connected to the main circuit of a one-to-two differential power splitter 32. The two branches of the one-to-two differential power splitter 32 have a phase difference of 180°. The two branches of the one-to-two differential power splitter 32 are respectively connected to the extensions 4313 of the two fourth patches 4312 of a pair of magnetic dipoles 42. The two one-to-two differential power dividers 32 have four feeding points 323. The lines connecting the four feeding points 323 form a square feeding pattern. The four feeding points 323 are the vertices of the four corners of the square. The four feeding points 323 are respectively connected to the four extensions 4313 of the four fourth patches 4312, thereby achieving stable feeding of the feeding unit 43.

[0112] As shown in Figures 18 and 19, the one-to-four power splitter 31 includes a one-to-two Wilkinson power splitter 311 and two one-to-two T-type power splitters 312. The branches of the Wilkinson power splitter are connected to the main circuit of the one-to-two T-type power splitter 312, and the branches of the one-to-two T-type power splitter 312 are connected to the main circuit of the one-to-two differential power splitter 32. The feeding position 3111 of the main circuit of the one-to-two Wilkinson power splitter 311 is located within the area enclosed by its two branches, as shown in Figure 18. The feeding position 3111 of the main circuit of the one-to-two Wilkinson power splitter 311 can also be changed according to actual requirements. The feeding position 3111 is located outside the area enclosed by its two branches and extends toward the main circuit of one of the one-to-two T-type power splitters 312, as shown in Figure 19. As shown in FIG20 , the one-to-four power splitter 31 includes two stages of one-to-two T-type power splitters, and the branches of the first stage of one-to-two T-type power splitters are connected to the main circuit of the second stage of one-to-two T-type power splitters.

[0113] The structure of one of the sub-networks 30 is described in detail below. The one-to-two Wilkinson power splitter 311 includes a first main circuit 3112 and two first branches 3113. The first main circuit 3112 splits into two first branches 3113. The second branches 3122 initially move away from each other along the length of the antenna module 100, then turn from a first corner 3114 to extend along the width of the antenna module 100. They then turn from a second corner 3115 to initially move closer to each other along the length of the antenna module 100, and then turn again from a third corner 3116 to extend along the width of the antenna module 100.

[0114] The one-to-two T-type power splitter 312 includes a second main circuit 3121 and two second branches 3122. The second main circuits 3121 of the two one-to-two T-type power splitters 312 are connected to the first branches 3113 and extend away from each other along the length of the antenna module 100. At the fourth corner 3123, they turn to extend along the width of the antenna module 100. At the fifth corner 3124, they turn again to extend away from each other along the length of the antenna module 100. The second main circuit 3121 is divided into two second branches 3122, which extend away from each other along the length of the antenna module 100.

[0115] The one-to-two differential power divider 32 includes a third main circuit 321 and two third branches 322. The third main circuit 321 is connected to the second branch 3122 and extends along the width direction of the antenna module 100. At the sixth corner, it turns to extend along the length direction of the antenna module 100, where it is divided into two third branches 322. The end of one third branch 322 forms a first feeding point 323 of a square feeding pattern, and the other third branch 322 goes around to the second feeding point 323 of the square feeding pattern. The second feeding point 323 and the first feeding point 323 are located on the diagonal of the square feeding pattern.

[0116] The two sub-networks 30 are basically the same, the only difference is the setting method of the other third branch 322 of the one-to-two differential power splitter 32. The other third branch 322 of one one-to-two differential power splitter 32 surrounds the other third branch 322 of the other one-to-two differential power splitter 32, which will not be repeated here.

[0117] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the feed unit 43 and the power splitting network 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 22 is a partially enlarged view of the connection relationship between the feed unit 43 and the power splitting network 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention. To facilitate the connection between the feed unit 43 of the antenna element 4 and the power splitting network 3 and the dielectric substrate 2, a protrusion 4321 is provided at the bottom corner of the second substrate 432. The protrusion 4321 passes through the ground plate 422 and engages with the dielectric substrate 2, extending out from the side of the ground plate 422 away from the electric dipole 41. The protrusion 4321 engages with the dielectric substrate 2. An extension 4313 is provided on the end of the fourth patch 4312 away from the third patch 4311. The extension 4313 extends from the second substrate 432 to the protrusion 4321 and is connected to the power splitting network 3. Specifically, the third branch 322 of the one-to-two differential power splitter 32 of the two sub-networks 30 extends to the periphery of the extension portion 4313 , and the feeding point 323 thereof is sleeved on the protruding portion 4321 and connected to the extension portion 4313 .

[0118] The four antenna elements 4 are arranged in sequence along the length of the antenna module 100, and are respectively connected to the four feed points 323 of the four one-to-two differential power dividers 32. It should be noted that the number of antenna elements 4 is not limited to four and can be adjusted as needed. Of course, the structure of the power division network 3 needs to be adaptively adjusted according to the number of antenna elements 4, which will not be listed here.

[0119] Figure 23 is a top view of the antenna module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, with the radome 5 removed, when the parasitic patch 44 is circular in shape. Figure 24 is a top view of the antenna module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, with the radome 5 removed, when the parasitic patch 44 is square in shape. Figure 25 is a top view of the antenna module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, with the radome 5 removed, when the slot 441 is provided on the cross-shaped parasitic patch 44. Figure 26 is a top view of the antenna module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, with the radome 5 removed, when the parasitic patch 44 is positioned at a certain offset relative to the centers of the two pairs of electric dipoles 41.

[0120] As shown in Figures 23 to 25, the four parasitic patches 44 are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the antenna module 100, and the centers of the four parasitic patches 44 are on a straight line, and the straight line coincides with the center line of the antenna module 100. As shown in Figure 25, slots can also be provided on the cross-shaped parasitic patch 44. Providing slots 441 on the parasitic patch 44 can further improve the radiation gain of the antenna module 100. As shown in Figure 26, the position of the parasitic patch 44 can also be offset relative to the center of the two pairs of electric dipoles 41. The centers of the four parasitic patches 44 are on a straight line, but the straight line is offset to the left relative to the center line of the antenna module 100. There is no need to align the center of the parasitic patch 44 with the center of the antenna element 4, which reduces the difficulty of manufacturing the antenna module and does not affect the improvement of signal concentration. It should be noted that no matter whether the centers of the multiple parasitic patches 44 coincide with the center line of the antenna module 100 , it should be ensured that the orthographic projections of the parasitic patches 44 along the vertical direction are located within the orthographic projections of the two pairs of electric dipoles 41 along the vertical direction.

[0121] It should be noted that not all four antenna elements 4 need to be provided with parasitic patches 44. Three antenna elements 4 may be provided with parasitic patches 44, while another antenna element 4 may not be provided with parasitic patches 44. Alternatively, two antenna elements 4 may be provided with parasitic patches 44, while another two antenna elements 4 may not be provided with parasitic patches 44. Alternatively, three antenna elements 4 may not be provided with parasitic patches 44, while another antenna element 4 may be provided with a parasitic patch 44. Alternatively, none of the four antenna elements 4 may be provided with parasitic patches 44.

[0122] The shapes of the four antenna elements 4 do not need to be identical. For example, the parasitic patches 44 of two of the antenna elements 4 can be shaped like a cross, while the other three can be shaped like a square. Alternatively, two of the parasitic patches 44 can be shaped like a cross, while one of the other two parasitic patches 44 can be shaped like a square and the other circular. Alternatively, one of the parasitic patches 44 can be shaped like a cross, one of the parasitic patches 44 can be shaped like a square, one of the parasitic patches 44 can be shaped like a circle, and the other parasitic patch 44 can be shaped like a cross with a slotted structure.

[0123] Figure 27 is a diagram of the S-parameter simulation results of the antenna module 100 involved in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 28 is a diagram of the directional pattern simulation results of the antenna module 100 involved in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 29 is a diagram of the cross-polarization simulation results of the antenna module 100 involved in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 shows the S-parameter simulation results of the antenna module 100. As can be seen from the figure, the S11 and S22 of the antenna module 100 are less than -15dB in the frequency ranges of 2.42-2.87GHz and 2.43-2.90GHz, respectively, and have a wide bandwidth. In addition, S21 is less than -30dB within the operating frequency band, indicating that the polarization isolation of the antenna module 100 is good. Figure 5 shows the directional pattern simulation results of the antenna module 100, where T1 represents the radiation direction of the E plane at 2.6GHZ, and T2 represents the radiation direction of the H plane at 2.6GHZ. As shown in Figure 5, the peak gains of the E-plane and H-plane of the antenna module 100 at a center frequency of 2.6 GHz are 13.65 dBi and 13.35 dBi, respectively, demonstrating high radiation gain. Figure 6 shows the cross-polarization simulation results of the antenna module 100, where W1 represents the main polarization and W2 represents the cross-polarization. As can be seen from the figure, the cross-polarization ratio of the antenna module 100 at a center frequency of 2.6 GHz is 44.46 dB, indicating low correlation between the two polarizations and good polarization performance.

[0124] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an antenna array. As shown in Figures 30 to 32, the antenna array includes the antenna module 100 provided in any of the above items. Figure 30 is a top view of the antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the antenna array includes four columns and four rows of antenna elements 4. Figure 31 is a top view of the antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the antenna array includes four columns and four rows of antenna elements 4. Figure 32 is a top view of the antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the antenna array includes eight columns and eight rows of antenna elements 4.

[0125] The antenna module 100 in FIG15 includes four antenna elements 4 arranged in sequence along the length of the antenna module 100, i.e., the antenna array includes one column and four rows of antenna elements 4 (1×4). If higher gain is required for use in more complex environments, multiple antenna modules 100 can be arranged in an array to form a larger antenna array, such as four columns and four rows of antenna elements 4 (4×4) as shown in FIG30, eight columns and four rows of antenna elements 4 (8×4) as shown in FIG31, or eight columns and eight rows of antenna elements 4 (8×8) as shown in FIG32.

[0126] As shown in FIG. 15 , when the antenna array includes an antenna module 100 , the antenna array includes a power division network 3 and four antenna elements 4 , and the four antenna elements 4 are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the antenna module 100 .

[0127] As shown in Figure 30, when the antenna array includes four antenna modules 100, the four antenna modules 100 are arranged in sequence along the width direction of the antenna module 100, and the antenna array includes four power division networks 3 and sixteen antenna elements 4. The sixteen antenna elements 4 are arranged in four rows and four columns, and the distance between two adjacent antenna elements 4 along the column direction is greater than the distance between two adjacent antenna elements 4 along the row direction.

[0128] As shown in Figure 31, when the antenna array includes eight antenna modules 100, the eight antenna modules 100 are arranged in sequence along the width direction of the antenna module 100, and the antenna array includes eight power division networks 3 and thirty-two antenna elements 4. The thirty-two antenna elements 4 are arranged in four rows and eight columns, and the distance between two adjacent antenna elements 4 along the column direction is greater than the distance between two adjacent antenna elements 4 along the row direction.

[0129] As shown in Figure 32, when the antenna array includes sixteen antenna modules 100, the sixteen antenna modules 100 are arranged into two rows and eight columns, the antenna array includes sixteen power division networks 3 and sixty-four antenna elements 4, the sixty-four antenna elements 4 are arranged into eight rows and eight columns, and the distance between two adjacent antenna elements 4 along the column direction is greater than the distance between two adjacent antenna elements 4 along the row direction.

[0130] The four feed points 323 of each power splitter network 3 are connected to the four extensions 4313 of the feed unit 43 of an antenna element 4. The connection between the antenna element 4 and the power splitter network 3 has been described in detail above and will not be repeated here. It should be noted that the column direction is the length direction of the antenna module 100, that is, the x-direction in the figure, and the row direction is the width direction of the antenna module 100, that is, the y-direction in the figure.

[0131] When the antenna array includes multiple antenna modules 100, the multiple antenna modules 100 can share the same reflector 1, and the vertical projections of the dielectric substrates 2 of the multiple antenna modules 100 are all located within the bottom plate 11 of the same reflector 1, and plate-like isolation structures 12 are set on both sides of the entire bottom reflector.

[0132] Of course, each antenna module 100 can also be provided with a separate reflector 1. When the antenna array includes one antenna module 100, the antenna array is provided with one reflector 1. When the antenna array includes four antenna modules 100, the antenna array is provided with four reflectors 1. When the antenna array includes eight antenna modules 100, the antenna array is provided with eight reflectors 1. When the antenna array includes sixteen antenna modules 100, the antenna array is provided with sixteen reflectors 1. In this case, the number of reflectors 1 is the same as the number of power splitter networks 3.

[0133] It should be noted that the parallelism and perpendicularity mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention are not absolute and can fluctuate within a certain range, as long as they remain approximately parallel and approximately perpendicular to each other. For example, the angle between them can fluctuate within a range of ±5°. This is merely an example and does not constitute a specific limitation.

[0134] Embodiments of the present invention further provide an electronic device. This electronic device may include the antenna array provided in any of the above embodiments of the present invention. The specific structure and beneficial effects of the electronic device can be referenced with respect to the antenna array. The specific structure and beneficial effects of the antenna array have been described in detail above and are therefore not further elaborated here.

[0135] It should be noted that, in addition to the antenna array, the electronic device also includes other necessary components and elements, such as a housing, a power supply, a power cord, and so on. Those skilled in the art will be able to supplement these components based on the specific usage requirements of the electronic device, and these will not be detailed here. The electronic device can be a traditional electronic device, such as a mobile phone, a computer, a television, and a camcorder. A comprehensive list of these is not provided here.

[0136] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present invention upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not invented herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An antenna element, wherein: include: At least one pair of electric dipoles, the electric dipoles comprising two first patches, each of the first patches being a closed annular structure, the first patches comprising a plurality of annular segments, each of the annular segments being provided with a notch, the two ends of the notches of two adjacent annular segments being connected to each other, the two first patches being symmetrically arranged, and having a cut corner formed at positions where the two first patches are close to each other; At least one pair of magnetic dipoles, the magnetic dipoles comprising two second patches and a ground plate, the ground plate being spaced apart from the first patch and parallel to the first patch, the second patch being disposed between the ground plate and the first patch, one end of the second patch being connected to a cut corner of the first patch, and the other end being connected to the ground plate; At least one feeding unit, the feeding unit includes a microstrip line, the microstrip line includes a third patch and a fourth patch, the third patch is parallel to the ground plate and is arranged close to the electric dipole, the fourth patch is connected to the end of the third patch, and the fourth patch is arranged on the inner side of the second patch.

2. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna element includes two pairs of electric dipoles, two pairs of magnetic dipoles and two feeding units. The two pairs of electric dipoles, two pairs of magnetic dipoles and two feeding units are arranged symmetrically along 90° rotation. The two pairs of magnetic dipoles share one ground plate.

3. The antenna element according to claim 2, wherein: The first patch has a first diagonal corner close to the center of the electric dipole and a second diagonal corner away from the center of the electric dipole. The length of the path from the first diagonal corner to the second diagonal corner on the first patch is one-quarter of the wavelength at the center frequency of the antenna element.

4. The antenna element according to claim 3, wherein: The first patch includes a first ring segment and a second ring segment arranged in sequence away from the center of the electric dipole, the first diagonal corner is set in the first ring segment, the second diagonal corner is set in the second ring segment, the two ends of the first ring segment away from the first diagonal corner are connected to the two ends of the second ring segment away from the second diagonal corner, and the cut angle is set at a position where the two first ring segments are close to each other.

5. The antenna element according to claim 4, wherein: The first diagonal angle of the first annular segment and the second diagonal angle of the second annular segment are equal to 90 degrees, the length of the first annular segment is greater than the length of the second annular segment, and the area of ​​the first region enclosed by the first annular segment is greater than the area of ​​the second region enclosed by the second annular segment. The antenna element according to claim 4 , wherein: The first diagonal angle of the first annular segment and the second diagonal angle of the second annular segment are equal to 90 degrees, the length of the first annular segment is smaller than the length of the second annular segment, and the area of ​​the first region enclosed by the first annular segment is smaller than the area of ​​the second region enclosed by the second annular segment.

7. The antenna element according to claim 4, wherein: The first opposite angle and the second opposite angle are smaller than 90 degrees.

8. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna element further includes a first substrate, which is arranged on a side of the two pairs of electric dipoles away from the magnetic dipoles.

9. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna element further includes a first substrate, which is arranged on a side of the two pairs of electric dipoles close to the magnetic dipoles. A through hole is provided on the first substrate, and the orthographic projection of the antenna element on the first substrate overlaps with the through hole.

10. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: The sum of the lengths of the two second patches of each pair of magnetic dipoles and the length of the ground plane between the two second patches is half the wavelength at the center frequency of the antenna element.

11. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: The included angle between the second patch and the ground plane is 45°-90°.

12. The antenna element according to claim 2, wherein: The feeding unit also includes a second substrate, the microstrip line is arranged near the edge of the second substrate, the third patch is arranged on a side of the second substrate near the electric dipole, the fourth patch is arranged on a side of the second substrate near the second patch, and the fourth patch is parallel to the adjacent magnetic dipole.

13. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: The third patches of the two feeding units are located in two planes parallel to each other.

14. The antenna element according to claim 1, wherein: A parasitic patch is provided on one side of the two pairs of electric dipoles away from the ground plane, and the orthographic projection of the parasitic patch in the vertical direction is located within the orthographic projection of the two pairs of electric dipoles in the vertical direction.

15. The antenna element according to claim 14, wherein: The shape of the parasitic patch is a centrosymmetrical figure, and the center of the parasitic patch and the centers of the two pairs of electric dipoles are located on the same straight line.

16. The antenna element according to claim 14, wherein: The parasitic patch is in the shape of a centrosymmetric figure, and is eccentrically arranged relative to the centers of the two pairs of electric dipoles.

17. The antenna element according to claim 15 or 16, wherein: The shape of the parasitic patch is a cross, a circle or a square.

18. The antenna element according to claim 17, wherein: The parasitic patch is provided with a slot, and the slot passes through the parasitic patch.

19. An antenna module, wherein: include: reflective panels; a power splitting network, disposed on one side of the reflector and not in contact with the reflector; a dielectric substrate, disposed on a side of the power division network away from the reflector; A plurality of antenna elements according to any one of claims 1 to 18, arranged on a side of the dielectric substrate away from the reflector, wherein the fourth patch passes through the dielectric substrate and is connected to the power division network, and the plurality of antenna elements are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the antenna module; The antenna cover is arranged on a side of the antenna element away from the reflector.

20. The antenna module according to claim 19, wherein The reflector includes a bottom plate and a plate-shaped isolation structure provided on two opposite sides of the bottom plate. The plate-shaped isolation structure includes a plurality of isolation units, and the plurality of isolation units are spaced apart along the length direction of the antenna module.

21. The antenna module according to claim 20, wherein: The isolation unit is provided with a first through-groove, and the first through-groove penetrates the isolation unit.

22. The antenna module according to claim 19, wherein The antenna module includes four antenna elements according to claim 2, and the power division network includes two groups of sub-networks, each group of sub-networks includes a one-to-four power divider and four one-to-two differential power dividers, the four branches of the one-to-four power divider are respectively connected to the main circuit of the one-to-two differential power divider, the phase difference between the two branches of the one-to-two differential power divider is 180°, the four branches of the four one-to-two differential power dividers have four feeding points, the two feeding units include four fourth patches, and the four feeding points are respectively connected to the four fourth patches.

23. The antenna module according to claim 19, wherein The antenna vibrator is the antenna vibrator described in claim 12, and a protrusion is provided at the bottom corner of the second substrate. The protrusion passes through the ground plate and extends out of the side of the ground plate away from the electric dipole. The protrusion is embedded in the dielectric substrate. An extension is provided at the end of the fourth patch away from the third patch. The extension extends from the second substrate to the protrusion, and the extension is connected to the power division network.

24. The antenna module according to claim 22, wherein: The one-to-four power splitter includes a one-to-two Wilkinson power splitter and two one-to-two T-type power splitters. The branch of the Wilkinson power splitter is connected to the main circuit of the one-to-two T-type power splitter, and the branch of the one-to-two T-type power splitter is connected to the main circuit of the one-to-two differential power splitter.

25. The antenna module according to claim 22, wherein: The one-to-four power splitter includes two stages of one-to-two T-type power splitters, and the branches of the first stage of one-to-two T-type power splitter are connected to the main circuit of the second stage of one-to-two T-type power splitter.

26. The antenna module according to claim 24, wherein: The feeding position of the main circuit of the one-to-two Wilkinson power splitter is located within the area surrounded by its two branches.

27. An antenna array, wherein: The invention comprises a plurality of antenna modules according to any one of claims 19 to 26, wherein the plurality of antenna modules are arranged in an array.

28. An electronic device, wherein: Comprising the antenna array as claimed in claim 27.

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