Method and device for enhancing time domain symbol repetition of long-distance Wi-Fi

Abstract

Time domain (TD) symbol repetition techniques for enhanced long-range (ELR) Wi-Fi are described. A device (e.g., an access point (AP) working station (STA)) signals to one or more stations (STAs) to perform symbol repetition in the TD. The device then communicates with the one or more STAs. When communicating with one or more STAs, the device repeatedly transmits or receives an entire bandwidth or a respective resource unit (RU) to each of the one or more STAs at least in Nx symbols in the TD, Nx > = 1.

Description

[0001] Cross-referencing

[0002] This disclosure is part of a non-provisional patent application claiming priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 484,209 (filed February 10, 2023), the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Technical Field]

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to wireless communications, and more specifically, to time-domain (TD) symbol repetition for enhancing long-range (ELR) Wi-Fi in a wireless local area network (WLAN). [Background Technology]

[0004] Unless otherwise stated herein, the methods described in this section are not considered prior art to the claims listed below, nor are they admitted as prior art by virtue of their inclusion in this section.

[0005] In wireless communications conforming to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, such as Wi-Fi, tone repetition and resource unit (RU) duplication have been proposed in the frequency domain (FD) to enhance long-range coverage (ELR). However, how to achieve lower effective coding rates and longer coverage in the time domain (TD) is currently undefined. Therefore, a TD symbol repetition solution for ELR Wi-Fi is needed. [Summary of the Invention]

[0006] The following summary is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary aims to introduce the concepts, highlights, benefits, and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Selected embodiments will be further illustrated in the detailed description. Therefore, the following summary is not intended to identify the essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0007] One object of this disclosure is to provide schemes, concepts, designs, techniques, methods, and apparatus related to time-domain (TD) symbol repetition in ELR Wi-Fi. Furthermore, according to various proposed schemes of this disclosure, a hybrid method of resource element (RU) or tone repetition in the frequency domain (FD) and symbol repetition in the time domain can be implemented.

[0008] In one aspect, a method may involve signaling to one or more stations (STAs) to perform symbol repetition in a TD. The method may also involve communicating with one or more STAs. This communication may involve sending or receiving the entire bandwidth or corresponding resource unit (RU) to each of the one or more STAs in the TD with at least Nx symbol repetitions, where Nx ≥ 1.

[0009] In another aspect, one approach might involve generating a RU. This approach might also involve communicating with an Access Point (AP) STA. This communication might involve repeatedly receiving or transmitting the entire bandwidth or the RU in the TD at least Nx symbols, where Nx ≥ 1.

[0010] In another aspect, an apparatus may include a transceiver configured for wireless communication and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor may signal to one or more STAs to perform symbol repetition in a TD. The processor may also communicate with the one or more STAs by transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or corresponding RU to each of the one or more STAs and performing at least Nx symbol repetitions in the TD, where Nx ≥ 1.

[0011] It is worth noting that although the descriptions provided herein may be made in the context of certain wireless access technologies, networks, and network topologies (such as Wi-Fi), the proposed concepts, schemes, and any variations / derivatives thereof can be applied to, and be used with, other types of wireless access technologies, networks, and network topologies (e.g., but not limited to Bluetooth, ZigBee, 5G). th This technology is implemented in 5G / New Radio (NR), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, Internet of Things (IoT), Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), and Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT). Therefore, the scope of this disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein. [Attached Image Description]

[0012] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of this disclosure and form part of this disclosure. The drawings illustrate embodiments of this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It should be noted that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, as some components may be shown out of proportion to their actual dimensions in order to clearly illustrate the concepts of this disclosure.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a diagram of an example network environment in which various solutions and schemes can be implemented according to this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2 This is an illustration of an example scenario under the scheme proposed in this disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example design based on the scheme proposed in this disclosure.

[0016] Figure 4 This is an illustration of an example scenario under the scheme proposed in this disclosure.

[0017] Figure 5 This is an illustration of an example scenario under the scheme proposed in this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 6 This is an illustration of an example scenario under the scheme proposed in this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example design based on the scheme proposed in this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 8 This is an illustration of an example scenario under the scheme proposed in this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 9 This is an illustration of an example scenario under the scheme proposed in this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 10 This is a block diagram of an example communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of an example process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of an example process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Implementation Methods

[0025] This document discloses detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matter. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative examples of the claimed subject matter, which can be embodied in various forms. This disclosure can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations described herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are intended to make the description of this disclosure comprehensive and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations.

[0026] Overview

[0027] The implementation methods disclosed herein involve various technologies, methods, schemes, and / or solutions related to TD symbol repetition in ELR Wi-Fi. According to this disclosure, multiple possible solutions can be implemented individually or in combination. That is, although these possible solutions may be described separately below, two or more of them may be implemented in one combination or another manner.

[0028] It is worth noting that, in this disclosure, a regular resource unit (rRU) refers to an RU having consecutive tones (e.g., adjacent to each other) and not interleaved, non-intertwined, or otherwise distributed. Furthermore, a 26-tone regular RU can be interchangeably represented as RU26 (or rRU26), a 52-tone regular RU can be interchangeably represented as RU52 (or rRU52), a 106-tone regular RU can be interchangeably represented as RU106 (or rRU106), a 242-tone regular RU can be interchangeably represented as RU242 (or rRU242), and so on. Additionally, a combined (26+52)-tone regular multiple RU (MRU) can be interchangeably represented as MRU78 (or rMRU78), a combined (26+106)-tone regular MRU can be interchangeably represented as MRU132 (or rMRU132), and so on.

[0029] It is also worth noting that, in this disclosure, a 20MHz bandwidth can be interchangeably represented as BW20 or BW20M, a 40MHz bandwidth can be interchangeably represented as BW40 or BW40M, an 80MHz bandwidth can be interchangeably represented as BW80 or BW80M, a 160MHz bandwidth can be interchangeably represented as BW160 or BW160M, a 240MHz bandwidth can be interchangeably represented as BW240 or BW240M, and a 320MHz bandwidth can be interchangeably represented as BW320 or BW320M.

[0030] Figure 1 An example network environment 100 is shown, in which various solutions and schemes according to this disclosure can be implemented. Figures 2 to 12 Examples of various proposed solutions implemented according to this disclosure are shown in network environment 100. The following descriptions of the various proposed solutions are for reference only. Figures 1 to 12 Provided.

[0031] refer to Figure 1Network environment 100 may involve at least one work station (STA) 110 wirelessly communicating with STA 120. Either STA 110 or STA 120 may be an access point (AP) STA, or either STA 110 or STA 120 may operate as a non-AP STA. In some cases, STA 110 and STA 120 may be associated with one or more Basic Service Sets (BSS) in one or more IEEE 802.11 standards (e.g., IEEE 802.11be and future standards). Each STA 110 and STA 120 may be configured to communicate by repeatedly using the TD symbol of ELR Wi-Fi in the various proposed schemes described below. It is worth noting that while various proposed schemes may be described separately or individually below, in actual implementation, some or all of the proposed schemes may be used in combination or implemented. Of course, each proposed scheme may be used or implemented individually or separately.

[0032] Figure 2 An example scenario 200 of TD symbol repetition under the proposed scheme according to this disclosure is shown. In scenario 200, all physical layer (PHY) designs can be utilized such that each TD symbol can be repeated multiple times (Nx, Nx≥1) after encoding and modulation, as follows. Figure 2 As shown. TD symbol repetition can support single-user (SU) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) multi-user (MU) scenarios. The TD symbol waveform can be a traditional Wi-Fi signal, such as IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac or IEEE 802.11ax / be signals, and is suitable for any channel bandwidth.

[0033] Figure 3 An example design 300 is shown, illustrating the data rate of TD symbol repetition under SU conditions using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and BPSK+DCM (dual-carrier modulation) modulation schemes according to the proposed schemes in this disclosure. More specifically, Figure 3 The data rate of TD symbol repetition in the case of SU on 242 tone RU (RU242) is shown.

[0034] Figure 4 An example scenario 400 of TD symbol repetition in OFDMA MU under the proposed scheme according to this disclosure is shown. Reference Figure 4Each user may be assigned a different (or the same) RU size, similar to a normal Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU). Furthermore, all multiple users may be signaled (e.g., non-AP STAs are signaled by AP STAs) with Nx symbol repetitions. For example, for four users, each user might be assigned a 52-tone RU (RU52), with Nx symbol repetitions in the TD. Additionally, although guard interval (GI) reduction may not be applied to downlink (DL) ELR PPDUs or uplink (UL) triggered (TB) PPDUs, symbol boundaries may be misaligned.

[0035] Figure 5 An example scenario 500 of time-domain (TD) symbol repetition in a multi-user OFDMA case is illustrated under the scheme of this disclosure. Reference Figure 5 To further improve frequency domain (FD) diversity and robustness to reduce bandwidth interference, predefined modes of resource element (RU) interleaving or frequency hopping can be utilized in the FD. Figure 5 Part (A) shows an example where four users are each assigned an RU52 and there are four (4x) symbol repetitions in the TD, combined with RU interleaving or frequency hopping in a predefined pattern. Figure 5 Part (B) shows an example where four users are each assigned one RU52 and there are two (2x) symbol repetitions in the TD, combined with RU interleaving or frequency hopping in a predefined pattern. Figure 5 Part (C) shows an example where two users are each assigned a 106-tone RU (RU106) and there are two (2x) symbol repetitions in the TD, combined with RU interleaving or frequency hopping in a predefined pattern. Figure 5 Part (D) shows an example where two users are each assigned an RU106 and there are four (4x) symbol repetitions in the TD, combined with RU interleaving or frequency hopping in a predefined pattern in the FD.

[0036] Figure 6 An example scenario 600 is shown where the guard interval (GI) is reduced under the scheme disclosed herein. In the scheme of TD symbol repetition, the GI can be inserted in every certain number (e.g., 2x, 4x, or Nx) of repeating symbols to shorten the air time. Figure 6 Part (A) shows an example where GI is inserted every four symbols. For GI = 1.6 microseconds (μs), approximately 8% of the airtime in the data section is saved. For GI = 3.2 μs, approximately 15% of the airtime in the data section is saved. Figure 6Section (B) illustrates an example where the GI is inserted every two symbols. For GI = 1.6 μs, approximately 6% of the data portion's airtime is saved. For GI = 3.2 μs, approximately 10% of the data portion's airtime is saved. It is worth noting that there may be some limitations to GI reduction with TD symbol repetition. For example, all users may require the same number of repetitions. Furthermore, all users may require the same GI reduction cycle (e.g., all users inserting the GI every four symbols, etc.).

[0037] Figure 7 An example design 700 for data rate of TD symbol repetition in OFDMA case is shown under the scheme of this disclosure. Figure 7 Part (A) shows the data rate of TD symbol repetition for OFDMA on RU52. Figure 7 Part (B) shows the data rate of TD symbol repetition for OFDMA on RU106.

[0038] Figure 8 An example scenario 800 of mixed frequency domain (FD) and time domain (TD) repetition under the scheme disclosed herein is presented. Under the proposed scheme, a mixture of RU replication in FD and symbol repetition in TD can be performed. Figure 8 Part (A) shows an example of a single-user (SU) scenario where the RU106 performs two (2x) copies in FD, plus dual-carrier modulation (DCM), and two (2x) symbol repetitions in TD at a rate of 0.8 megabits per second (Mbps). Figure 8 Part (B) shows an example of a two-user scenario where each user is allowed one RU52 to perform two (2x) copies in the FD, plus the DCM, and two (2x) symbol repetitions in the TD at a rate of 0.4 Mbps.

[0039] Figure 9 An example scenario 900 of mixed frequency domain (FD) and time domain (TD) repetition is shown under the scheme disclosed herein. Under the proposed scheme, a mixture of pitch repetition in FD and symbol repetition in TD can be performed. Figure 9 Part (A) shows an example of a single-user (SU) scenario where pitch repetition in FD and symbol repetition in TD are performed on RU242. Figure 9 Part (B) shows an example of a two-user scenario where each user performs pitch repetition in FD and symbol repetition in TD.

[0040] Example Implementation Plan

[0041] Figure 10An example system 1000 is shown, comprising at least one example device 1010 and one example device 1020, according to embodiments of this disclosure. Devices 1010 and 1020 can perform various functions to implement the schemes, techniques, processes, and methods described herein regarding TD symbol repetition for ELR Wi-Fi, including the various schemes for the proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems, and methods, as well as the processes described below. For example, device 1010 may be implemented in STA 110, and device 1020 may be implemented in STA 120, or vice versa.

[0042] Devices 1010 and 1020 may be part of an electronic device, which may be a non-AP STA or APSTA, such as a portable or mobile device, a wearable device, a wireless communication device, or a computing device. When implemented in an STA, devices 1010 and 1020 may be implemented in a smartphone, smartwatch, personal digital assistant, digital camera, or computing device such as a tablet, laptop, or notebook computer. Devices 1010 and 1020 may also be part of a machine-type device, which may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device, such as a fixed or stationary device, a home device, a wired communication device, or a computing device. For example, devices 1010 and 1020 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart refrigerator, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker, or a home control center. When implemented in or as a network device, devices 1010 and / or 1020 may be implemented in a network node, such as an AP in a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0043] In some embodiments, devices 1010 and 1020 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuit (IC) chips, such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processors, or one or more Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processors. In the various embodiments described above, devices 1010 and 1020 may be implemented as a STA or AP. Devices 1010 and 1020 may include... Figure 10 At least some components are shown, such as processor 1012 and processor 1022. Devices 1010 and 1020 may also include one or more other components unrelated to the proposed solutions of this disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device, and / or user interface device), therefore, for simplicity and brevity, these components are not listed. Figure 10 It is shown in the text and not described below.

[0044] In one aspect, processors 1012 and 1022 may be implemented as one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more RISC processors, or one or more CISC processors. That is, although the singular term "processor" is used herein to refer to processors 1012 and 1022, in some embodiments processors 1012 and 1022 may include multiple processors, while in other embodiments they may be a single processor, according to this disclosure. In another aspect, processors 1012 and 1022 may be implemented in hardware (and optionally, firmware) comprising, for example, but not limited to, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors, and / or one or more transformers, these electronic components being configured and arranged to achieve a specific purpose according to this disclosure. In other words, in at least some embodiments, processors 1012 and 1022 are dedicated machines specifically designed, arranged, and configured to perform specific tasks, including those tasks related to the TD symbol repetition of ELR Wi-Fi according to various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0045] In some embodiments, device 1010 may further include a transceiver 1016 coupled to processor 1012. Transceiver 1016 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting data and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. In some embodiments, device 1020 may further include a transceiver 1026 coupled to processor 1022. Transceiver 1026 may include a transmitter capable of wirelessly transmitting data and a receiver capable of wirelessly receiving data. It is worth noting that although transceiver 1016 and transceiver 1026 are shown as external and independent components of processor 1012 and processor 1022, respectively, in some embodiments, transceiver 1016 may be a component of processor 1012 as a system-on-a-chip (SoC), while transceiver 1026 may be a component of processor 1022 as a SoC.

[0046] In some embodiments, device 1010 may further include a memory 1014 coupled to processor 1012 and capable of being accessed by processor 1012 and storing data. In some embodiments, device 1020 may further include a memory 1024 coupled to processor 1022 and capable of being accessed by processor 1022 and storing data. Memory 1014 and memory 1024 may include a random access memory (RAM), such as dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), thyristor RAM (T-RAM), and / or zero-capacitance RAM (Z-RAM). Alternatively, memory 1014 and memory 1024 may include a read-only memory (ROM), such as a mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM). Alternatively, memory 1014 and memory 1024 may include a non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), and / or phase-change memory.

[0047] Devices 1010 and 1020 can be communication entities capable of communicating using various proposed schemes according to this disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, the capabilities of device 1010 as STA 110 and device 1020 as STA 120 are described below in the context of example procedures 1100 and 1200. It is worth noting that although a detailed description of the capabilities, functions, and / or technical features of device 1020 is provided below, these features also apply to device 1010, although their detailed description is not provided for brevity. It is also worth noting that although the example embodiments described below are provided in the context of WLAN, these embodiments can be implemented in other types of networks.

[0048] Example process

[0049] Figure 11 An example process 1100 according to an embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated. Process 1100 may represent one aspect of implementing the various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems, and methods described above. More specifically, process 1100 may represent one aspect of a proposed concept and scheme of TD symbol repetition for ELR Wi-Fi related to this disclosure. Process 1100 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions illustrated by one or more of blocks 1110 and 1120. Although shown as discrete blocks, the individual blocks of process 1100 may be divided into more blocks, merged into fewer blocks, or eliminated depending on the desired implementation. Furthermore, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 1100 may be arranged according to... Figure 11The process can be executed in the order shown, or in a different order. Furthermore, one or more blocks / sub-blocks of process 1100 can be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 1100 can be implemented by or in devices 1010 and 1020, and any variations thereof. For illustrative purposes only and without limitation, process 1100 is described in the context of device 1010 being implemented in or as STA 110, as a non-AP STA or AP STA function, and device 1020 being implemented in or as STA 120, as an AP STA or non-AP STA function of a wireless network such as a WLAN in network environment 100, conforming to one or more IEEE 802.11 standards. Process 1100 may begin at block 1110.

[0050] At 1110, process 1100 may involve the processor 1022 of device 1020 signaling via transceiver 1026 to one or more STAs (including device 1010 as STA 110) to perform symbol repetition in TD. Process 1100 can proceed from 1110 to 1120.

[0051] At 1120, process 1100 may involve processor 1022 communicating with one or more STAs (including device 1010) via transceiver 1026. In the communication, process 1100 may involve processor 1022 transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or corresponding RU in the TD at least Nx symbols repeated to each of the one or more STAs, where Nx ≥ 1.

[0052] In some implementations, when sending or receiving the entire bandwidth or corresponding RU to each of one or more STAs, process 1100 may involve processor 1022 sending or receiving a first RU and a second RU to a first STA and a second STA, respectively, in one or more STAs. In some implementations, the first RU and the second RU may be the same size. Alternatively, the first RU and the second RU may be different sizes.

[0053] In some implementations, when sending or receiving a corresponding RU to each of one or more STAs and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD, process 1100 may involve processor 1022 sending or receiving a corresponding RU to each of one or more STAs in a manner that repeats it Nx times in the TD and performs RU interleaving or frequency hopping in the FD.

[0054] In some implementations, when sending or receiving a corresponding RU to each of one or more STAs and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD, process 1100 may involve processor 1022 inserting GI in every predefined number of repeating symbols and sending or receiving the corresponding RU to each of one or more STAs. For example, GI may be inserted in every 2, 4, 6, 8, or Nx repeating symbols.

[0055] In some implementations, when sending or receiving a corresponding RU to each of one or more STAs and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD, process 1100 may involve processor 1022 sending or receiving a corresponding RU to each of one or more STAs in a manner that replicates the RU in the FD and repeats it at least Nx times in the TD.

[0056] In some implementations, when sending or receiving a corresponding RU to each of one or more STAs and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD, process 1100 may involve processor 1022 sending or receiving a corresponding RU to each of one or more STAs in a tone-repeating manner and repeating it Nx times in the TD.

[0057] Figure 12 An example process 1200 according to an embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated. Process 1200 may represent one aspect of implementing the various proposed designs, concepts, schemes, systems, and methods described above. More specifically, process 1200 may represent one aspect of a proposed concept and scheme of TD symbol repetition for ELR Wi-Fi related to this disclosure. Process 1200 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions illustrated by one or more of blocks 1210 and 1220. Although shown as discrete blocks, the individual blocks of process 1200 may be divided into more blocks, merged into fewer blocks, or eliminated depending on the desired implementation. Furthermore, the blocks / sub-blocks of process 1200 may be arranged according to... Figure 12 The process can be executed in the order shown, or in a different order. Furthermore, one or more blocks / sub-blocks of process 1200 can be executed repeatedly or iteratively. Process 1200 can be implemented by or in devices 1010 and 1020, and any variations thereof. For illustrative purposes only and without limitation, process 1200 is described in the context of device 1010 being implemented in or as STA 110, as a non-AP STA or AP STA function, and device 1020 being implemented in or as STA 120, as an AP STA or non-AP STA function of a wireless network such as a WLAN in network environment 100, conforming to one or more IEEE 802.11 standards. Process 1200 may begin at block 1210.

[0058] At 1210, process 1200 may involve the processor 1012 of device 1010 generating a resource unit (RU). Process 1200 can proceed from 1210 to 1220.

[0059] At 1220, process 1200 may involve processor 1012 communicating with an access point (AP) site (e.g., device 1020) via transceiver 1016. In the communication, process 1200 may involve processor 1012 repeatedly transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or RU in the time domain (TD) with at least Nx symbols, where Nx ≥ 1.

[0060] In some implementations, when transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or RU and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD, process 1200 may involve processor 1012 transmitting or receiving RUs in a manner that repeats them Nx times in the TD and performs RU interleaving or frequency hopping in the frequency domain (FD).

[0061] In some implementations, when transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or RU and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD, process 1200 may involve processor 1012 inserting a guard interval (GI) in every predefined number of repeating symbols and repeating the transmission or reception of the RU in the TD at Nx times. For example, the GI may be inserted in every 2, 4, 6, 8, or Nx repeating symbols.

[0062] In some implementations, when transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or RU and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD, process 1200 may involve processor 1012 transmitting or receiving the RU in a manner that repeats it Nx times in the TD and replicates it in the FD.

[0063] In some implementations, when transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or RU and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD, process 1200 may involve processor 1012 transmitting or receiving the RU in a manner that repeats it Nx times in the TD and repeats it in the FD.

[0064] Additional Notes

[0065] The topics described herein sometimes demonstrate different components contained within or connected to different other components. It should be understood that the architectures depicted are merely examples, and many other architectures can actually be implemented to achieve the same functionality. Conceptually, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively “associated” to achieve the desired function. Therefore, any two components combined in this document to achieve a particular function can be considered “associated” with each other to achieve the desired function, regardless of the architecture or intermediate components. Similarly, any two components so associated can also be considered “operably connected” or “operably coupled” to each other to achieve the desired function, and any two components that can be so associated can also be considered “operably coupled” to each other to achieve the desired function. Specific examples of operational coupling include, but are not limited to, physically matable and / or physically interactive components and / or wirelessly interactive components and / or logically interactive and / or logically interactive components.

[0066] Furthermore, regarding the use of virtually any plural and / or singular terms in this text, a person with technical skills may appropriately translate from plural to singular and / or from singular to plural depending on the context and / or application. Various singular / plural arrangements may be explicitly listed here for clarity.

[0067] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that terms commonly used herein, particularly in appended claims, such as the body of an appended claim, are generally considered "open" terms. For example, the word "comprising" should be interpreted as "comprising but not limited to," the word "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," and the word "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," etc. Those skilled in the art will also further understand that if a particular quantity is intended to be used in an introduced claim, that intention will be explicitly stated in the claim, and where such a statement is not made, such intention does not exist. For example, to aid understanding, the following appended claims may contain statements introducing the claim using the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more." However, the use of these phrases should not be construed as implying that introducing a claim statement with the indefinite article "a" or "an" would limit any particular claim containing such an introductory claim statement to containing only one such statement, even if the same claim contains the introductory phrase "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an," for example, "a" and / or "an" should be interpreted as "at least one" or "one or more"; the same applies to definite articles used to introduce claim statements. Furthermore, even when a specific number of claims is explicitly stated, those skilled in the art will recognize that such a statement should be interpreted as at least the stated number. For example, the simple statement "two statements" without any other modifiers means at least two statements, or two or more statements. Additionally, when using conventions such as "at least one A, B, and C, etc.", this structure is generally understood by those skilled in the art to mean the convention. For example, "a system having at least one A, B, and C" will include, but is not limited to, a system having only A, a system having only B, a system having only C, a system with A and B together, a system with A and C together, a system with B and C together, and / or a system with A, B, and C together, etc. Similarly, when using conventions such as "at least one A, B, or C, etc.", this structure is generally understood by those skilled in the art to mean the convention. For example, "a system having at least one A, B, or C" will include, but is not limited to, a system having only A, a system having only B, a system having only C, a system with A and B together, a system with A and C together, a system with B and C together, and / or a system with A, B, and C together, etc. Those skilled in the art will further understand that virtually any extractive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to include the possibility of one, any, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” would be understood to include the possibility of “A” or “B” or “A and B”.

[0068] As can be understood from the foregoing, various embodiments of this disclosure have been described herein for illustrative purposes, and various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. Therefore, the various embodiments disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, and the true scope and spirit are indicated by the following claims.

Claims

1. A method for enhancing time-domain symbol repetition in long-range Wi-Fi, comprising: The device's processor signals one or more stations (STAs) to perform symbol repetition in the time domain (TD); as well as The processor communicates with the one or more STAs. The communication includes sending or receiving the entire bandwidth or corresponding resource unit (RU) to each of the one or more STAs at least Nx symbols repeated in the TD, where Nx ≥ 1.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein sending or receiving the corresponding RU to each of the one or more STAs comprises sending or receiving a first RU and a second RU to a first STA and a second STA, respectively, and wherein the first RU and the second RU are of the same size.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein sending or receiving the corresponding RU to each of the one or more STAs comprises sending or receiving a first RU and a second RU to a first STA and a second STA, respectively, and wherein the first RU and the second RU are of different sizes.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting or receiving the corresponding RU to each of the one or more STAs and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD includes transmitting or receiving the corresponding RU to each of the one or more STAs in a frequency domain (FD) manner with RU interleaving or frequency hopping and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or the corresponding RU to each of the one or more STAs and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD comprises inserting a guard interval (GI) in each predefined number of repeating symbols and transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or the corresponding RU to each of the one or more STAs and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the GI is inserted in every 2, 4, 6, 8, or Nx repeating symbols.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmission or reception of the entire bandwidth or the corresponding RU to each of the one or more STAs and the repetition of the TD at least Nx times comprises a mixture of transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or the corresponding RU to each of the one or more STAs in a manner of RU replication in the frequency domain (FD) and the repetition of the TD at least Nx times.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmission or reception of the entire bandwidth or the corresponding RU to each of the one or more STAs and the repetition of the symbols in the TD at least Nx times comprises a mixture of transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or the corresponding RU to each of the one or more STAs and the repetition of the symbols in the TD in a tone-repetitive manner in the frequency domain (FD).

9. A method for enhancing time-domain symbol repetition in long-range Wi-Fi, comprising: Resource Units (RUs) are generated by the processor of the device implemented in the workstation (STA); as well as The processor communicates with the access point (AP) STA. The communication includes transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or the RU at least Nx symbols repeated in the time domain (TD), where Nx ≥ 1.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or the RU and repeating it with at least Nx symbols in the TD includes transmitting or receiving the RU in the frequency domain (FD) in an RU-interleaved or frequency-hopping manner and repeating it with Nx symbols in the TD.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or the RU and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD includes inserting a guard interval (GI) in each predefined number of repeating symbols and transmitting or receiving the RU and repeating it at least Nx times in the TD.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the GI is inserted in every 2, 4, 6, 8, or Nx repeating symbols.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or the RU and repeating it with at least Nx symbols in the TD includes transmitting or receiving the RU in the frequency domain (FD) in a manner that replicates the RU and repeats it with Nx symbols in the TD.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein transmitting or receiving the entire bandwidth or the RU and repeating it with at least Nx symbols in the TD includes transmitting or receiving the RU and repeating it with Nx symbols in the TD in a tone-repeating manner in the frequency domain (FD).

15. An apparatus for enhancing time-domain symbol repetition in long-range Wi-Fi, comprising: A transceiver configured for wireless communication; as well as A processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to perform operations includes: The transceiver sends signals to one or more stations (STAs) to perform symbol repetition in the time domain (TD); as well as The transceiver communicates with one or more STAs, wherein the communication includes sending or receiving the entire bandwidth or corresponding resource unit (RU) to each of the one or more STAs by repeating the symbol Nx times in the TD, where Nx ≥ 1.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein transmitting or receiving to each of one or more STAs to the entire bandwidth or a corresponding RU comprises transmitting or receiving a first STA and a second STA to a first STA and a second STA, respectively, and wherein the first RU and the second RU may be the same size or different.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein transmitting or receiving at least the symbol repeated Nx times in the TD to each of one or more STAs across the entire bandwidth or to each of the corresponding RUs includes transmitting or receiving the corresponding RUs to each of one or more STAs and performing RU interleaving or frequency hopping in the frequency domain (FD).

18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein transmitting or receiving at least Nx times the symbol repeated Nx times in the TD to each of one or more STAs across the entire bandwidth or to each of the corresponding RUs comprises transmitting or receiving to each of the one or more STAs to the corresponding RUs and inserting a guard interval (GI) in every predefined number of repeated symbols, wherein the GI is inserted every 2 or 4 or 6 or 8 or Nx repeated symbols.

19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein transmitting or receiving at least Nx times the symbol repeated Nx times in the TD to each of the one or more STAs across the entire bandwidth or to each of the corresponding RUs comprises transmitting or receiving the corresponding RUs to each of the one or more STAs and performing a mixture of symbol repetition and RU replication in the frequency domain (FD).

20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein transmitting or receiving at least Nx times the symbol repeated Nx times in the TD to each of one or more STAs across the entire bandwidth or the corresponding RU, and performing a mixture of symbol repetition and tone repetition in the frequency domain (FD).

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