Crop organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and particularly discloses a crop organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.The organic fertilizer is prepared from, by weight, 45%-50% of castor cake meal, 20%-22% of rice bran oil meal, 10%-15% of sesame cake, 2%-3% of molasses, 5%-10% of seaweed extract powder, 2%-5% of humic acid and 5%-6% of a compound microbial agent. The compound microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus megaterium and saccharomyces cerevisiae, industrial processing by-products are used as main raw materials, efficient resource utilization of agricultural waste is achieved, environmental pollution caused by waste incineration or random discarding is reduced, the environment is protected, and the environment is protected. Meanwhile, after the fertilizer is used for a long time, the growth condition of crops can be remarkably improved, the use amount of pesticides is reduced, the pesticide residue risk of agricultural products is reduced, and the quality safety of the agricultural products is guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer, and particularly relates to a crop organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous growth of global population and the continuous improvement of residents' living standards, higher requirements are put forward for the yield and quality of crops and fruits and vegetables. In agricultural production, fertilizers are key inputs to ensure crop growth, and their reasonable use directly affects the sustainable development of agriculture. However, for a long time, there has been a phenomenon of excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers in China's agricultural production, which has improved crop yields in a certain period of time, but has also caused a series of ecological environmental and agricultural product quality and safety problems.

[0003] The large-scale use of chemical fertilizers has led to soil structure damage, such as soil compaction, poor air permeability, and decreased water and fertilizer retention capacity, which has seriously affected the sustainability of soil fertility. At the same time, chemical fertilizers that are not absorbed by crops enter water bodies and soil through surface runoff and underground infiltration, causing environmental problems such as water eutrophication and soil heavy metal pollution, which threaten the balance of the ecological system. In addition, long-term use of chemical fertilizers also leads to a decrease in the quality of agricultural products, a decrease in flavor substances, and the accumulation of harmful substances such as nitrate, which affects the health of consumers.

[0004] At present, organic fertilizer can improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase soil organic matter content, improve soil microbial activity, and promote the transformation and release of soil nutrients, thereby realizing crop quality improvement and yield increase. However, traditional organic fertilizer has problems such as complex raw material sources, unstable nutrient content, and insufficient composting degree, which easily leads to risks such as seedling burning and disease and pest transmission, limiting its wide application in agricultural production.

[0005] At the same time, as a large agricultural country, China has generated a large amount of by-products in the process of agricultural product processing, and the resource utilization rate of these by-products is currently low. Most of these by-products, such as castor meal, rice bran oil meal, and sesame cake, are simply discarded or burned, which causes huge resource loss and serious environmental pollution. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a crop organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A crop organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0009] The organic fertilizer comprises the following weight percentages: castor meal 45-50%, rice bran oil meal 20-22%, sesame cake 10-15%, molasses 2-3%, seaweed extract powder 5-10%, humic acid 2-5%, and compound microbial agent 5-6%. The compound microbial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus megaterium, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0010] Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises the following weight percentages: castor meal 50%, rice bran oil meal 22%, sesame cake 10%, molasses 3%, seaweed extract powder 5%, humic acid 5%, and compound microbial agent 5%. The compound microbial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus megaterium, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus megaterium, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 4:3:2:1.

[0012] A preparation method of an organic fertilizer for crops, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1, raw material pretreatment:

[0014] The castor meal, rice bran oil meal, and sesame cake are respectively crushed to a particle size of less than 5 mm, and the molasses is diluted with water for standby;

[0015] The crushed castor meal, rice bran oil meal, and sesame cake are fully mixed with all the compound microbial agent and the diluted molasses, and the water content of the material is adjusted to 50%-55%;

[0016] S2, fermentation:

[0017] First fermentation, the mixed material is stacked in a strip pile or placed in a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation until the temperature of the material decreases to close to the ambient temperature, there is no foul odor, and it presents a dark brown loose state.

[0018] Second fermentation, seaweed extract powder and humic acid are added, fully stirred, the water content is adjusted again to 35%-40%, the mixed material is loaded into a sealed fermentation container or a compacted pile covered with plastic film, and anaerobic stable fermentation is performed.

[0019] S3, post-treatment:

[0020] After the anaerobic fermentation is completed, the material is spread out for airing until the water content is ≤15%, crushed through a 40-mesh sieve, and a uniform powdery organic fertilizer finished product is obtained, which is packaged and stored in a cool and dry place.

[0021] Preferably, the control conditions of the aerobic first fermentation are that the temperature is controlled at 55-65℃, the high-temperature period is maintained for at least 7-10 days, the pile is turned regularly, the pile is turned every 1-2 days, and the fermentation time is about 15-20 days.

[0022] Preferably, the control conditions of the secondary fermentation are specifically that the temperature is controlled at 30-40℃, and the fermentation time is about 20-30 days.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:

[0024] The various raw materials in the fertilizer formula of the application synergize, the castor meal, rice bran oil meal and sesame cake provide rich basic nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the molasses provides sufficient carbon source for microbial activity, and the seaweed extract powder contains various plant growth regulators, amino acids and trace elements, which can effectively promote the growth and development of crops. The compound microbial agent can convert the nutrients difficult to absorb in the soil into forms available to crops through the effects of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and potassium solubilization, thereby improving the nutrient utilization rate.

[0025] Industrial processing by-products are used as main raw materials, efficient resource utilization of agricultural waste is realized, environmental pollution caused by waste incineration or random disposal is reduced, the raw material cost of fertilizer production is reduced, and the green and sustainable development of agriculture is promoted. At the same time, the long-term use of the fertilizer can significantly improve the growth conditions of crops, reduce the amount of pesticides used, reduce the risk of pesticide residues in agricultural products, and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the application.

[0027] Embodiment one:

[0028] A preparation method of an organic fertilizer for crops, comprising the following steps:

[0029] Taking the preparation of 1000kg of finished organic fertilizer for crops as a benchmark, each raw material is accurately weighed according to the percentage by weight, and the specific mass is as follows:

[0030] Castor meal: 500kg (50%)

[0031] Rice bran oil meal: 220kg (22%)

[0032] Sesame cake: 100kg (10%)

[0033] Molasses: 30kg (3%)

[0034] Seaweed extract powder: 50kg (5%)

[0035] Humic acid: 50 kg (5%)

[0036] Compound microbial agent: 50 kg (5%)

[0037] The compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus megaterium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the mass ratio of the four bacteria is 4:3:2:1. The mass of each bacterium in 50 kg of compound microbial agent is: Bacillus subtilis 20 kg, Bacillus mucilaginosus 15 kg, Bacillus megaterium 10 kg, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5 kg.

[0038] Raw material pretreatment; crushing treatment: 500 kg of castor meal, 220 kg of rice bran oil meal, and 100 kg of sesame cake were weighed and crushed by a universal crusher. The screen mesh size of the crusher was set to 5 mm to ensure that the particle size of the crushed material was less than 5 mm. The crushed materials were then loaded into clean material barrels for later use.

[0039] Molasses dilution: Take 30 kg of molasses and add 60 kg of water (mass ratio of molasses to water is 1:2). Stir with a stirrer at a speed of 300 r / min for 10 minutes to ensure that the molasses is fully dissolved and diluted. The diluted molasses solution is ready for use.

[0040] Material mixing: Pour the crushed castor meal, rice bran oil meal, and sesame cake into a horizontal mixer. Add 50 kg of compound microbial agent and the diluted molasses solution. Close the mixer cover and set the mixer speed to 250 r / min. Mix for 20 minutes to ensure uniform mixing of the materials. Monitor the moisture content of the materials during mixing using a moisture meter. If the moisture content is less than 50%, add a small amount of water to adjust it. If the moisture content is higher than 55%, add a small amount of crushed dry material to adjust it. Finally, the moisture content of the materials should be stabilized at around 52%.

[0041] Fermentation treatment

[0042] (I) First fermentation

[0043] Transfer the pretreated mixed materials to the fermentation workshop and stack them into strip piles. The length of the strip piles is determined by the workshop space, and the height is strictly controlled at 1.3 m, and the width is 2.5 m. Insert a temperature sensor every 1 m at the top of the strip pile and connect it to the temperature recorder for real-time monitoring of the material temperature.

[0044] In the initial stage of fermentation, the material temperature gradually rises. When the temperature reaches 55℃, it enters the high-temperature period. The temperature is controlled by turning the pile regularly with a turning machine, once every 1.5 days. During turning, it is ensured that the material is thoroughly mixed from top to bottom and inside to outside, maintaining the temperature between 55-65℃. The high-temperature period lasts for 8 days, after which the material temperature gradually decreases. The entire primary fermentation process lasts for 18 days. When the material temperature drops to close to the ambient temperature (about 25℃), no foul odor is emitted, and the material is dark brown and loose, the primary fermentation is complete.

[0045] Secondary fermentation

[0046] After the first fermentation is completed, the material is transferred to another fermentation area. 50 kg of seaweed extract powder and 50 kg of humic acid are weighed out and mixed using a twin-shaft mixer at a speed of 200 r / min for 15 minutes to ensure that the material is evenly mixed with the seaweed extract powder and humic acid.

[0047] After mixing, the moisture content of the material was measured again, and adjusted to 38% by adding water. The mixture was then placed into a sealed fermentation tank, the tank door was closed and sealed, and a temperature control system was set up to maintain a stable temperature of 35°C inside the tank. During fermentation, samples were taken every 5 days through the sampling port on the top of the tank to monitor the material's condition. The secondary fermentation lasted 25 days.

[0048] Post-processing

[0049] After the secondary fermentation is complete, open the fermentation tank, unload the material, and spread it out on a ventilated drying ground to a thickness of 30cm. Turn the material twice a day using a turning machine to accelerate moisture evaporation. During the drying process, use a moisture meter to test the moisture content of the material at 10:00 AM and 4:00 PM daily. When the moisture content drops to 12%, send the material to a pulverizer for secondary pulverization. The pulverizer has a 40-mesh screen, resulting in a uniform powdery material.

[0050] The powdered material is screened through a vibrating screen to ensure that all particles pass through a 40-mesh sieve. A small amount of coarse particles remaining on the sieve are returned to the crusher for further grinding. The finished organic fertilizer is then packaged into woven bags lined with plastic film, each bag weighing 50 kg net. After sealing the bags, they are transported to a cool, dry warehouse for storage, avoiding direct sunlight and rain.

[0051] Example 2:

[0052] A method for preparing organic fertilizer for crops includes the following steps:

[0053] Raw material preparation: This example is based on the preparation of 1000 kg of finished organic fertilizer from crops. After adjusting the weight percentage of the formula, each raw material is accurately weighed, and the specific mass is as follows:

[0054] Castor bean cake meal: 450 kg (45%)

[0055] Rice bran meal: 200 kg (20%)

[0056] Sesame cake: 150 kg (15%)

[0057] Molasses: 20 kg (2%)

[0058] Seaweed extract powder: 70 kg (7%)

[0059] Humic acid: 30 kg (3%)

[0060] Compound microbial agent: 80 kg (8%)

[0061] The compound microbial agent is still composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus megaterium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the mass ratio is 4:3:2:1. According to the calculation, the mass of each bacterium in 80 kg of compound microbial agent is: Bacillus subtilis 32 kg, Bacillus mycoides 24 kg, Bacillus megaterium 16 kg, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 8 kg.

[0062] Raw material pretreatment

[0063] Crushing treatment: 450 kg of castor meal, 200 kg of rice bran meal, and 150 kg of sesame cake are crushed by a roller crusher, and the screen mesh size of the crusher is set to 4 mm to ensure that the particle size of the crushed material is less than 5 mm. The crushed material is stored in a covered storage tank for later use.

[0064] Dilution of molasses: Take 20 kg of molasses and add 40 kg of water (mass ratio of molasses to water is 1:2). Pour the mixture into a stainless steel stirring barrel and stir with an electric stirrer at a speed of 280 r / min for 12 minutes until the molasses is completely dissolved to prepare a diluted molasses solution for later use.

[0065] Material mixing: Put all the crushed cake meal raw materials into a vertical mixer, and then add 80 kg of compound microbial agent and diluted molasses solution. Tighten the mixer top cover, set the stirring speed to 300 r / min, and mix for 25 minutes. During the mixing process, use a portable moisture meter to detect the moisture content of the material, and adjust by adding water or dry material to finally stabilize the moisture content of the material at 53%.

[0066] Fermentation treatment

[0067] Primary fermentation (aerobic fermentation tank)

[0068] Select a 10 m 3 volume aerobic fermentation tank, check whether the stirring device, aeration system and temperature sensor in the tank are normal. Put the pretreated mixed material into the fermentation tank through a screw conveyor, and the loading amount is 70% of the tank volume (about 7 m3 )。

[0069] Start the fermentation tank control system, set the aeration frequency to 3 times per hour, each aeration for 15 minutes, the aeration intensity is 0.5 m 3 / (m 3 ·min); the stirring device is stirred every 2 hours, each stirring for 5 minutes, the stirring speed is 40 r / min. Real-time monitoring of the temperature in the tank, when the temperature rises to 55℃, enter the high temperature period, control the temperature in the range of 55-65℃ by adjusting the aeration time, the high temperature period lasts for 10 days. The whole primary fermentation process lasts for 20 days, when the temperature of the material in the tank drops to about 28℃, there is no odor and it is dark brown and loose, the primary fermentation is completed.

[0070] Secondary fermentation

[0071] The material after the completion of the primary fermentation is transported to a 5 m 3 anaerobic fermentation tank through a pipeline, 70 kg of seaweed extract powder and 30 kg of humic acid are added, the stirring device in the tank is started, and the material is uniformly mixed by stirring at a speed of 150 r / min for 20 minutes.

[0072] After stirring, the water content of the material is measured, and the water content is adjusted to 36% by spraying water. Close the feed inlet of the fermentation tank, check the sealing performance, set the temperature control system in the tank, and stabilize the temperature at 38℃. No aeration is performed during the fermentation process to maintain an anaerobic environment, and the material state is observed every 7 days by sampling through the sampling valve. The secondary fermentation lasts for 28 days.

[0073] Four, post-processing

[0074] After the secondary fermentation is completed, the discharge outlet of the anaerobic fermentation tank is opened, and the material is unloaded into a belt dryer. The drying temperature is set to 60℃, and the drying time is 2 hours. During this period, the material is turned over on the conveyor belt to ensure uniform heating. The dried material is detected by a moisture meter, and the water content is reduced to 13%.

[0075] The dried material is sent to an ultrafine grinder, and the screen mesh size is set to 40 mesh for grinding. The ground material is screened through a vibrating screen, and the undersize material is the qualified finished product. The oversize coarse particles are returned to the grinder for regrinding. The finished organic fertilizer is packed in polyethylene-lined kraft paper bags, each bag weighs 25 kg, and the bag opening is sealed. Store in a cool and dry warehouse with a temperature controlled at 25℃.

[0076] Example Three:

[0077] A method for preparing a crop organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0078] Raw material preparation; based on the preparation of 800 kg of crop organic fertilizer finished product, adjust the weight percentage of the formula, accurately weigh each raw material as follows:

[0079] Castor cake: 384 kg (48%)

[0080] Rice bran meal: 176 kg (22%)

[0081] Sesame cake: 96 kg (12%)

[0082] Molasses: 20 kg (2.5%)

[0083] Seaweed extract powder: 40 kg (5%)

[0084] Humic acid: 32 kg (4%)

[0085] Compound microbial agent: 52 kg (6.5%)

[0086] The compound microbial agent is still composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus megaterium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a mass ratio of 4:3:2:1. According to the calculation, the mass of each bacterium in 52 kg of compound microbial agent is: Bacillus subtilis 20.8 kg, Bacillus mycoides 15.6 kg, Bacillus megaterium 10.4 kg, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5.2 kg.

[0087] Raw material pretreatment

[0088] Crushing treatment: 384 kg of castor cake, 176 kg of rice bran meal, and 96 kg of sesame cake were crushed separately using a hammer crusher, with the screen mesh aperture of the crusher set to 3 mm to ensure that the particle size of the crushed materials was less than 4 mm. The crushed materials were then stored in sealed storage bags for later use.

[0089] Molasses dilution: 20 kg of molasses was taken and 50 kg of water was added (mass ratio of molasses to water 1:2.5). The mixture was poured into a ceramic stirring cylinder and stirred at a speed of 320 r / min for 15 minutes using a pneumatic stirrer until the molasses was completely dissolved to form a diluted molasses solution.

[0090] Material mixing: The three kinds of crushed cake meals were put into a horizontal screw belt mixer, 52 kg of compound microbial agent and the diluted molasses solution were added, and the stirring speed was set to 280 r / min after the cover was closed. The mixing time was 30 minutes. During the mixing, the moisture content was adjusted to 51% by adding a small amount of water using an infrared moisture meter.

[0091] Fermentation treatment

[0092] First fermentation: The pretreated materials were first sent to a 5 m 3 channel type fermentation equipment with a pile height of 1.1 m, and a ventilation pipeline was laid to carry out preliminary aerobic fermentation for 2 days. After the temperature rose to 50°C, it was transferred to an 8 m 3 oxygen fermentation tank. The loading capacity was 65% of the tank volume (about 5.2 m 3), start the fermentation system: aeration frequency 2 times per hour, each 20 minutes, aeration intensity 0.45 m3 / (m3·min); stirring device every 3 hours stirring, each 8 minutes, speed 35 r / min. The temperature rises to 55℃ into the high temperature period, maintain 9 days, by adjusting the aeration intensity control temperature at 55-62℃. The total duration of one fermentation 17 days, when the material temperature dropped to 26℃, dark brown loose and no odor when the end.

[0093] Secondary fermentation

[0094] The first fermentation material is transported to a 6m3 anaerobic fermentation tank, 40kg of seaweed extract powder and 32kg of humic acid are added, and a double-blade stirring device is started to stir at a speed of 180r / min for 25 minutes until the mixture is uniform. After measuring the moisture content, the moisture content is adjusted to 37% by atomizing water. Close the tank door and check the sealing, set the temperature control system to maintain the tank temperature at 32℃, and take samples every 6 days for monitoring. The secondary fermentation lasts for 25 days.

[0095] Post-processing

[0096] After the secondary fermentation is completed, the material is unloaded into a vacuum dryer, the vacuum degree is set to-0.08MPa, the drying temperature is 55℃, and the drying time is 1.5 hours. After drying, the material is detected to have a moisture content of 14%.

[0097] The dried material is sent to an air jet mill, set to a classification particle size of 40 mesh for crushing, and after crushing, it is screened through a multi-layer vibrating screen, and the undersize material is the finished product. The finished product is loaded into aluminum-plastic composite bags, each bag containing 10kg, and after heat sealing, it is stored in a constant temperature warehouse with a temperature controlled at 22℃ and a relative humidity of 50%, using a pallet to stack it in the air to avoid direct contact with the ground.

[0098] In summary, the castor meal, rice bran oil meal and sesame cake provide rich basic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., the molasses provides sufficient carbon source for microbial activity, and the seaweed extract powder contains various plant growth regulators, amino acids and trace elements, which can effectively promote crop growth and development. The complex microbial inoculant can convert nutrients that are difficult to absorb in the soil into forms available to crops through nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and potassium solubilization, thereby improving nutrient utilization. The specific functional microbial inoculant and organic raw materials are scientifically proportioned and fermented to produce a bio-organic fertilizer, which is an important way to solve the drawbacks of traditional fertilizers and achieve green agricultural development.

[0099] After the application of the fertilizer, the yield of crops and fruits and vegetables is significantly improved, the fruits are uniformly colored and have rich flavor, the content of nutrients such as vitamins and sugar is increased, and the quality of agricultural products is substantially improved. Not only can the resource utilization of agricultural waste be realized, the use amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced, and the soil ecological environment is improved, but also the yield and quality of crops and fruits and vegetables are improved, the demand for green and safe agricultural products in the market is met, and the sustainable development of agriculture has important significance.

[0100] The experimental examples of the present application are designed according to the above content;

[0101] The specific process is as follows:

[0102] Experimental materials

[0103] Tested fertilizers: Example 1 organic fertilizer, castor meal 50%, rice bran oil meal 22% and the like, Example 2 organic fertilizer, castor meal 45%, rice bran oil meal 20% and the like, Example 3 organic fertilizer, castor meal 48%, rice bran oil meal 22% and the like.

[0104] Control fertilizer: commercially available ordinary organic fertilizer (organic matter content ≥ 45%, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ≥ 5%). Test crops: tomato (variety: Zhuzha No. 9), cucumber (variety: Jinchun No. 4).

[0105] Tested soil: uniform fertile sandy loam soil is selected, and the basic physical and chemical properties are: organic matter content 12.5 g / kg, pH value 6.8, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 85 mg / kg, available phosphorus 25 mg / kg, and available potassium 90 mg / kg.

[0106] Experimental design

[0107] The experiment is carried out in the same plot, and a randomized block design is adopted, and a total of 5 treatments are provided, which are: treatment 1 (Example 1 organic fertilizer), treatment 2 (Example 2 organic fertilizer), treatment 3 (Example 3 organic fertilizer), treatment 4 (commercially available ordinary organic fertilizer), and treatment 5 (blank control, no organic fertilizer). Each treatment is repeated 3 times, and the plot area is 20 m 2 , and the plot spacing is 1 m, and a protection fence is provided around the plot.

[0108] Experimental method

[0109] Fertilization method: the organic fertilizer of each treatment is applied as base fertilizer at one time, and the application amount is 2000 kg / hm 2 , and the fertilizer is mixed with the soil after deep plowing 20 cm. The blank control is not applied with organic fertilizer, and other field management measures (such as watering, pest control, etc.) are consistent in each treatment.

[0110] Measurement index and cycle: After the crops are planted, the growth indexes such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index are measured regularly; after the fruits are matured, the yield indexes such as single plant fruit number, single fruit weight, total yield are measured; meanwhile, the quality indexes such as vitamin C content, soluble sugar content, organic acid content in the fruits are measured. In addition, soil samples are collected before and after the experiment, and the physical and chemical property indexes such as soil organic matter content, pH value, available nutrient content are measured.

[0111] Experimental results and analysis

[0112] Effect on crop growth indexes: 30 days after planting, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index of tomatoes and cucumbers of each fertilizer treatment are significantly higher than those of the blank control.

[0113] Among them, treatment 1 (example 1 organic fertilizer) performs particularly outstanding, and the growth indexes are better than those of treatment 4 and other example treatments. In terms of tomato plant height, treatment 1 is 14.2% higher than treatment 4, and 1.7% and 3.4% higher than treatment 2 and treatment 3 respectively; in terms of cucumber stem diameter, treatment 1 is 10.5% thicker than treatment 4, and 0.9% and 2.2% thicker than treatment 2 and treatment 3 respectively.

[0114] Effect on crop yield indexes: after the tomatoes and cucumbers are matured and harvested, the yields of each fertilizer treatment are significantly higher than those of the blank control. Treatment 1 (example 1 organic fertilizer) leads in yield improvement, and the total yield of tomatoes is 18.6% higher than that of treatment 4, and 3.4% and 0.3% higher than that of treatment 2 and treatment 3 respectively; the total yield of cucumbers is 16.3% higher than that of treatment 4, and 2.5% and 0.2% higher than that of treatment 2 and treatment 3 respectively. The single plant fruit number and single fruit weight are also best in treatment 1, fully showing that example 1 organic fertilizer has obvious advantages in improving crop yield.

[0115] Effect on crop quality indexes: the detection results show that the fruit quality of each fertilizer treatment is better than that of the blank control. The fruit quality of treatment 1 (example 1 organic fertilizer) is most significantly improved, the vitamin C content of tomatoes is 13.8% higher than that of treatment 4, and 3.3% and 0.6% higher than that of treatment 2 and treatment 3 respectively; the soluble sugar content is 11.2% higher than that of treatment 4, and 2.6% and 0.7% higher than that of treatment 2 and treatment 3 respectively; the organic acid content is reduced most greatly, and the taste is more refreshing. The quality indexes of cucumbers also show the trend that treatment 1 is the best.

[0116] Effect on soil physical and chemical properties: After the experiment, the soil organic matter content of each fertilization treatment was improved to varying degrees, and the pH value tended to be neutral. Treatment 1 (example 1 organic fertilizer) had a significant effect on soil improvement, with soil organic matter content increasing by 21.5% compared to before the experiment, 2.1% and 0.3% higher than treatments 2 and 3, respectively, and significantly higher than 12.3% of treatment 4. At the same time, the increase in soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content was also most obvious in treatment 1, indicating that example 1 organic fertilizer can more effectively improve soil fertility.

[0117] The experimental results show that the organic fertilizer of the present application has significant effects on promoting crop growth, increasing yield and quality, and improving soil physical and chemical properties, and is overall better than ordinary organic fertilizers on the market. Among them, example 1 has the most outstanding effect, leading in crop growth indicators, yield increase, quality improvement, and soil fertility improvement.

[0118] The compound bio-fertilizer of the present application significantly improves soil microbial activity, promotes material circulation and energy flow in the soil ecosystem, and realizes sustainable improvement of soil fertility, while ensuring significant increase in crop and fruit and vegetable yield, uniform fruit coloring, rich flavor, increased vitamin and sugar content, and substantial improvement in agricultural product quality. It realizes resource utilization of agricultural waste, and shows excellent application effect in various crop and fruit and vegetable planting.

[0119] It should be understood that, during the development of any actual implementation, numerous implementation-specific decisions can be made. Such development efforts, while possibly complex and time-consuming, would nevertheless be routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure, and would not require undue experimentation to generate.

[0120] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limiting. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, and they should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer for crops, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer comprises the following components by weight percentage: castor bean cake 45-50%, rice bran oil meal 20-22%, sesame cake 10-15%, molasses 2-3%, seaweed extract powder 5-10%, humic acid 2-5%, and compound microbial inoculant 5-6%. The compound microbial inoculant includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus megaterium, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

2. The crop organic fertilizer and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is composed of the following weight percentages: 50% castor bean cake, 22% rice bran oil meal, 10% sesame cake, 3% molasses, 5% seaweed extract powder, 5% humic acid, and 5% compound microbial agent. The compound microbial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus megaterium, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

3. The crop organic fertilizer and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus megaterium, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 4:3:2:

1.

4. The method for preparing organic fertilizer for crops according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Grind castor bean cake meal, rice bran oil meal, and sesame cake into particles smaller than 5mm, and dilute molasses with water for later use. The crushed castor bean cake meal, rice bran oil meal, sesame cake, and all the compound microbial agents and diluted molasses are thoroughly mixed evenly, and the moisture content of the materials is adjusted to 50%-55%. S2, Fermentation: The first fermentation involves piling the mixed materials into windrows or placing them in a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation until the material temperature drops to near ambient temperature, there is no foul odor, and the material appears dark brown and loose. For secondary fermentation, seaweed extract powder and humic acid are added and thoroughly mixed. The moisture content is adjusted to 35%-40% again. The mixture is then placed into a sealed fermentation container or compacted and covered with a plastic film for anaerobic stable fermentation. S3, Post-processing: After anaerobic fermentation, the material is spread out to dry until the moisture content is ≤15%, then crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a uniform powdered organic fertilizer product, which is then packaged and stored in a cool, dry place.

5. The method for preparing organic fertilizer for crops according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific control conditions for the aerobic primary fermentation are as follows: the temperature is controlled at 55-65℃, the high-temperature period is maintained for at least 7-10 days, the pile is turned regularly, once every 1-2 days, and the fermentation time is about 15-20 days.

6. The method for preparing organic fertilizer for crops according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific control conditions for the secondary fermentation are: temperature controlled at 30-40℃, and fermentation time of approximately 20-30 days.