Impact-resistant material with multilayer three-dimensional structure and preparation method of impact-resistant material

Abstract

The preparation method comprises the following specific steps that firstly, a multi-layer three-dimensional structure fabric structure is designed, the plane structure of an outer layer (1) is designed in a double-layer plane structure, the plane structure of a middle layer (2) and the plane structure of an inner layer (3) are designed in a single-layer plane structure, and the plane structure of the outer layer (1) and the plane structure of the inner layer (3) are designed in a double-layer plane structure; the three-dimensional spacing layer is composed of a spacing layer I and a spacing layer II, and the spacing shape width a and the spacing shape height b are further designed; and then, weaving the multi-spiral impact-resistant yarns according to the designed structure by adopting a multi-warp-beam active let-off loom. The impact-resistant material with the multi-layer three-dimensional structure prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention not only can effectively protect a user from impact injury, but also has certain softness, air permeability and durability. The material can be widely applied to impact-resistant part protection in multiple fields of military protection, police equipment, extreme sports protection and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flexible yarn preparation, specifically to a multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of science and technology, the demand for high-performance textile materials is increasing in modern industry and technology, and the performance requirements for protective materials are also becoming more stringent. In many fields with high safety requirements, such as military protection, police equipment, and extreme sports protection, the impact resistance of traditional two-dimensional or simple three-dimensional fabrics can no longer meet practical needs. Existing ordinary textile fabrics cannot effectively absorb and disperse impact forces when subjected to high-speed object impacts, making it difficult to effectively protect the covered objects and easily leading to injury to the wearer. While some existing impact-resistant fabrics have a certain degree of impact resistance, they have drawbacks such as being heavy, inflexible, having poor breathability, and being difficult to fold. Therefore, developing a fabric with superior impact resistance is of paramount importance. This invention relates to a multi-layered three-dimensional structure fabric with excellent properties such as light weight, compressibility, and tensile strength. A multi-layered three-dimensional impact-resistant fabric is prepared using impact-resistant flexible yarn material. The multi-helical structure of the yarn provides more internal space for filling with a shear-thickening fluid (STF) energy dissipation liquid. When subjected to external impact, the STF in the yarn material rapidly changes from a liquid to a solid state, exhibiting excellent impact resistance. Furthermore, the design concept of a multi-layered three-dimensional hollow structure provides a new approach for developing high-performance fabrics with multiple excellent properties. When subjected to external impact, the unique structure of the yarn can dissipate energy through helical deformation and torsion, in conjunction with the multi-layered three-dimensional structure of the fabric. The increased fabric displacement prolongs the duration of the force, gradually weakening the impact. Using a multi-helical impact-resistant flexible fiber material with a composite structure to prepare a multi-layered three-dimensional impact-resistant fabric can fully leverage the advantages of both materials, effectively dispersing and absorbing energy upon impact, thus improving the fabric's impact resistance.

[0003] Traditional fabrics struggle to effectively protect objects from high-speed impacts and force, failing to meet the demands of numerous fields for high-impact-resistant fabrics. Furthermore, existing impact-resistant fabrics, in order to ensure protective effectiveness, utilize heavy materials, increasing the wearer's burden, particularly in weight-sensitive fields like aerospace and outdoor sports equipment, impacting equipment performance and user mobility. In enhancing impact resistance, breathability is often neglected, leading to stuffiness and dampness during prolonged wear, negatively affecting worker performance and efficiency. Moreover, current impact-resistant materials fail to achieve functional development from the material itself, limiting themselves to two- or three-dimensional weaving of high-strength, tensile materials. Fabric structures are often simple physical multi-layer stacking or composite material preparation through lamination, failing to design feasible fabric structures based on theoretical analysis of energy absorption and dissipation.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention provides a multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material and its preparation method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material. The fabric is woven from a multi-helix impact-resistant yarn material with a composite structure, which has excellent impact resistance. It can not only effectively protect users from impact injuries, but also has a certain degree of softness, breathability and durability.

[0006] This invention provides a method for preparing a multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material, the steps of which include: designing a multi-layer three-dimensional fabric structure, wherein the outer layer (1) planar structure adopts a double-layer planar structure design, the middle layer (2) planar structure and the inner layer (3) planar structure adopt a single-layer planar structure design, the three-dimensional spacer layer is composed of spacer layer I and spacer layer II, and further designing the spacer shape width a and spacer shape height b; using a multi-warp beam active warp feeding loom, the multi-helix impact-resistant yarn is woven according to the designed structure to obtain the material.

[0007] Furthermore, when the warp feed amount of the outer layer (1), middle layer (2), and inner layer (3) is a, the warp feed amount of the spacer layers I and II, which are triangular support structures, is... Spacer layer I and spacer layer II are first connected to the outer layer (1) planar structure and the middle layer (2) planar structure, respectively. After completing one weaving cycle, they are connected to the middle layer (2) planar structure and the inner layer (3) planar structure, respectively. Then, the above-mentioned interlacing of the entire cycle is woven. The multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material is obtained by weaving in sequence.

[0008] Furthermore, when the warp feed amount of the outer layer (1), middle layer (2) and inner layer (3) is a, the warp feed amount of the spacer layer, which is a quadrilateral support structure, spacer layer I and spacer layer II is a+b. When one of the planar layer fabrics of the outer layer (1), middle layer (2) and inner layer (3) is woven independently, the warp of the spacer layer fabric is woven together with the warp of the other planar layer. Each time the spacer layer is connected to a certain planar layer, it is woven separately. This process is repeated to obtain the multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material.

[0009] Furthermore, the method for preparing the multi-helix impact-resistant yarn includes:

[0010] (1) Select at least two types of fiber filaments and wind them onto multiple independent yarn tubes. Using spandex filaments as the axis, interweave them in a spiral winding manner to form a multi-spiral yarn core structure.

[0011] (2) The dispersed phase, dispersion medium and dispersant are mixed to obtain a shear-thickening fluid energy dissipation liquid;

[0012] (3) The multi-helix yarn core material is slowly immersed in an energy dissipation liquid containing shear thickening fluid, and the energy dissipation liquid is filled into the internal pores and helical gaps of the multi-helix yarn core material by vacuum impregnation or pressure impregnation to obtain an energy dissipation multi-helix yarn core material.

[0013] (4) The flame-retardant thermoplastic elastic polymer material is pre-coated using ultrasonic coating technology to form a uniform encapsulation layer on the surface of the energy dissipation multi-helix yarn core material. Then, it is thermally stretched to obtain an energy dissipation multi-helix yarn with a linear density of 50-200 tex. A second ultrasonic coating is then performed to form a flame-retardant thermoplastic elastic encapsulation layer. Finally, it is heat-treated to obtain the final product.

[0014] Furthermore, the amount of dispersant added is 0.5%-5% of the mass of the dispersed phase (SiO2 / SiC), preferably 1%-3%. Too low an amount will result in uneven dispersion, while too high an amount will affect the rheological properties.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (4), the pre-coating power is 2W, the rotation speed is 500r / min, and the spraying speed is 30mm / s.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (4), the power of the secondary ultrasonic coating is 3.5W to improve the atomization effect, the rotation speed is 800r / min to increase the uniformity of coverage, and the spraying speed is 20mm / s. The interval between the two coatings is ≤5min to prevent interlayer peeling.

[0017] Furthermore, the fiber filament includes any one of aramid fiber, carbon fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, basalt fiber, and glass fiber.

[0018] Furthermore, the number of fiber filaments is 2 to 10; the helix angle ranges from 30° to 60°; and the spacing between adjacent helical layers is 0.3 to 2.5 mm.

[0019] Furthermore, the spiral winding process applies a pretension of 0.5 to 2.0 N to the fiber to ensure the compactness and stability of the yarn core structure.

[0020] Furthermore, the dispersed phase comprises silicon dioxide and / or silicon carbide with a particle size range of 10–500 nm.

[0021] Furthermore, the dispersion medium comprises one or a mixture of at least two of polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, silicone oil 50cSt, and silicone oil 100cSt.

[0022] Furthermore, the mass fraction of the dispersed phase relative to the dispersion medium is 20% to 50%.

[0023] Furthermore, the dispersant includes at least one of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sodium polyacrylate.

[0024] Furthermore, the mixing is carried out at a stirring speed of 1000-5000 rpm to achieve preliminary mixing of the dispersed phase in the dispersion medium, and is combined with ultrasonic dispersion for 30-120 min at an ultrasonic frequency of 20-40 kHz and a power density of 0.5-2 W / mL, with the water bath temperature controlled at 25±5℃; this is used to further refine the dispersed phase particles and enhance the dispersion effect; the combination of the two results in the dispersed phase being uniformly dispersed in the dispersion medium to form a stable shear-thickening fluid (STF) energy dissipation liquid.

[0025] Furthermore, the energy dissipation fluid containing shear-thickening fluid is vacuum-expelled to remove air bubbles from the solution system, thereby improving the stability and uniformity of the energy dissipation fluid.

[0026] Furthermore, during vacuum impregnation, the vacuum degree is -0.08 to -0.05 MPa, and the impregnation time is 0.5 to 5 hours; during pressure impregnation, the pressure range is 0.5 to 2 MPa, and the impregnation time is 0.5 to 3.0 hours.

[0027] Furthermore, the flame-retardant thermoplastic elastic polymer material includes any one or more mixtures of polyether amide block copolymer (PEBA: melting point 215~260℃), TPU (polyurethane: melting point 220℃~250℃), and TPEE (copolyester: melting point 130℃~180℃).

[0028] Furthermore, the thickness of the flame-retardant thermoplastic encapsulation layer is 0.1–0.5 mm. Specifically, the pre-coating thickness is 0.05–0.3 mm, and the secondary coating thickness is 0.05–0.3 mm.

[0029] Furthermore, during the ultrasonic coating process, the ultrasonic power is 0.2W to 3.5W, the nozzle rotation speed is 300r / min to 1200r / min, the spraying speed is 5mm / s to 40mm / s, the spraying pressure is 20 to 30MPa, the liquid flow rate is 30 to 50μl / min, and the spraying temperature is 130℃.

[0030] Furthermore, the hot stretching temperature is 160–280°C, and the stretching ratio is 2–5 times.

[0031] Furthermore, the heat treatment temperature is 110–160°C, and the heat treatment time is 30–60 min; this further enhances the bonding force between the polymer material encapsulation layer and the yarn core material, as well as the shear-thickening fluid energy dissipation liquid, thereby improving the overall stability and durability of the yarn and increasing its strength.

[0032] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material prepared by the aforementioned preparation method.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0034] This invention utilizes impact-resistant flexible yarn material to prepare a multi-layered three-dimensional impact-resistant fabric. The multi-helical yarn structure provides more internal space for filling with a shear-thickening fluid (STF) energy dissipation liquid. When subjected to external impact, the STF in the yarn material rapidly transforms from a liquid to a solid state, exhibiting excellent impact resistance. Furthermore, the multi-layered three-dimensional hollow structure design provides a new approach for developing high-performance fabrics with multiple superior properties. When subjected to external impact, the unique structure of the yarn can dissipate energy through helical deformation and torsion, in conjunction with the multi-layered three-dimensional structure of the fabric. Due to the three-dimensional hollow structure of the fabric, the incremental displacement prolongs the duration of the force, gradually weakening the impact. The multi-layered three-dimensional impact-resistant fabric of this invention can effectively disperse and absorb energy when facing impact, greatly improving impact resistance and providing reliable protection for the covered object.

[0035] This invention employs a multi-layer hollow structure design, combined with lightweight raw materials, to significantly reduce the overall weight of the fabric while ensuring impact resistance. This meets the needs of weight-sensitive fields such as aerospace, safety protection, and outdoor sports equipment, and improves equipment performance and user mobility.

[0036] In the fabric structure design process, this invention fully considers breathability. The establishment of a multi-layered fabric model and the formation of a hollow structure ensure that the fabric has a certain porosity, allowing sweat produced by the human body to be discharged in time, improving wearing comfort, and making it particularly suitable for firefighters, military personnel, police officers, and other personnel who need to wear protective clothing for extended periods of time.

[0037] This invention provides excellent basic flexibility to the yarn by selecting high-strength fibers with inherent flexibility, such as aramid fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. These fiber materials possess a certain degree of flexibility and deformability in their microstructure, enabling them to withstand bending, stretching, and other external forces to a certain extent without breaking. Simultaneously, the yarn's flexibility is further optimized by using suitable encapsulation materials and post-processing techniques. The encapsulation material forms a protective layer on the yarn surface, ensuring internal structural stability, preventing leakage of energy dissipation fluid, and buffering external forces to a certain extent. The post-processing involves appropriate heat treatment and drafting to adjust the yarn's internal molecular structure and fiber arrangement, allowing the yarn to maintain both high strength and good flexibility. This flexibility facilitates subsequent textile processing into products of various shapes and structures, meeting the needs of different application scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-layer three-dimensional structure fabric according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-layer three-dimensional structure fabric according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the yarn arrangement and interlacing of a single loop structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the yarn arrangement and interlacing of a single loop structure in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] It should be noted that the aramid fiber (para-aramid Kevlar) used in this invention was purchased from Yantai Taihe New Material Co., Ltd.; the carbon fiber (T300 / T700) was purchased from Zhongfu Shenying Carbon Fiber Co., Ltd.; the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber was purchased from Beijing Tongyi Zhongte Fiber Technology Development Co., Ltd.; the basalt fiber (100tex~4800tex) was purchased from Zhejiang Shijin Basalt Fiber Co., Ltd.; the glass fiber was purchased from Taishan Glass Fiber Co., Ltd.; the spandex filament (20D~420D) was purchased from Yantai Taihe New Material Co., Ltd.; and the silica / silicon carbide (particle size range of 10~500nm) was purchased from Xuancheng Jingrui New Material Co., Ltd. (silicon dioxide) and Shandong... The following materials were purchased from various suppliers: Jinmeng New Materials Co., Ltd. (silicon carbide); Polyethylene glycol 400 / 600 from Liaoning Aoke Chemical Co., Ltd.; Silicone oil 50cSt and Silicone oil 100cSt (25℃) from Lanxing Chemical New Materials Co., Ltd.; Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate from Shanghai Titan Technology Co., Ltd.; Sodium hexametaphosphate from Sichuan Chuandong Chemical Group Co., Ltd.; Sodium polyacrylate from Shandong Baolilai Chemical Co., Ltd.; Polyether amide block copolymers PEBA (melting point range 215~260℃), TPU (polyurethane) (melting point range 220℃~250℃), and TPEE (copolyester) (melting point range 130℃~180℃) were purchased from Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd.

[0045] Example 1:

[0046] Aramid fibers and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers were selected. The aramid fibers were wound on one yarn bobbin, and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers were wound on another yarn bobbin, with spandex filaments as the axis. Using textile machinery, the aramid fibers were wound around the central axis at a 45° helix angle, and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers were wound around the outer layer of the aramid fibers at a 50° helix angle. The spacing between adjacent helical layers was 1 mm, and the pretension was set to 1 N for both, resulting in a multi-helix yarn core material. Silica with a particle size of 200 nm was selected as the dispersed phase, and polyethylene glycol was used as the dispersion medium. The silica volume fraction was 30%. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate dispersant (2% by mass of SiO2) and sodium hexametaphosphate (1% by mass of SiO2) were added. The mixture was stirred at 3000 r / min for 60 min and ultrasonically dispersed at 30 kHz with a power density of 1 W / mL. The mixture was ultrasonically dispersed at a water bath temperature controlled at 25℃ for 60 min to prepare a shear-thickening fluid (STF) energy dissipation liquid. A vacuum impregnation method was used, with a vacuum degree of -0.06 MPa and an impregnation time of 2 hours, to fill the multi-helix yarn core with a shear-thickening fluid (STF) energy dissipation solution, followed by polyurethane impregnation. A 0.3 mm thick encapsulation layer was formed using ultrasonic spraying technology on 1180A (Shore hardness 80A, melt index 15 g / 10 min). During ultrasonic coating, the ultrasonic power was 2 W, the nozzle rotation speed was 500 r / min, the spraying speed was 30 mm / s, the spraying pressure was 30 MPa, and the liquid flow rate was 40 μl / min. The spraying temperature was 130℃. Next, a hot-drawing device was used to hot-draw the energy-dissipating multi-helical yarn to obtain an energy-dissipating multi-helical yarn with a linear density of 80 tex. The drawing temperature was 200℃, and the drawing ratio was 3.5 times. Then, the hot-drawn energy-dissipating multi-helical yarn was ultrasonically coated again to form a uniform and dense flame-retardant thermoplastic elastic encapsulation layer on the material surface. The power of the second ultrasonic coating was 3.5 W to improve atomization, the rotation speed was 800 r / min to increase coverage uniformity, and the spraying speed was 20 mm / s to thicken the coating, forming a 0.2 mm functional layer. The two coating processes were spaced 5 minutes apart to prevent interlayer delamination. Finally, the encapsulated yarn was heat-treated at 120°C for 30 minutes to further enhance the adhesion between the polymer encapsulation layer, the yarn core, and the energy dissipation fluid containing shear-thickening fluid (STF). Impact resistance testing of the resulting yarn showed that it did not break when subjected to an impact energy of 9 joules, and its energy absorption efficiency reached 25%, demonstrating significantly improved impact resistance compared to traditional yarns.

[0047] Weaving using the above-mentioned yarn as follows Figure 1 The multi-layered three-dimensional fabric shown has warp feed rates of a, a, and a for the outer layer (1), middle layer (2), and inner layer (3), respectively. The warp feed rates for the spacer layers I and II, which are triangular support structures, are: A triangle is a standard structural stability shape because the impact force first reaches the outer layer of the structure and will preferentially bear most of the impact force. Therefore, the outer planar structure 1 adopts a double-layer planar structure design, while the middle planar structure 2 and the inner planar structure 3 adopt a single-layer planar structure design. The three-dimensional spacer layer consists of spacer layer I and spacer layer II. The width a and height b of the spacer shape can be changed and adjusted by configuring the fabric weave repeat number and setting parameters such as fabric tightness and weaving tension. Figure 3 The diagram shows the yarn arrangement and interlacing of a single loop structure. The warp yarn ratio is outer layer:middle layer:inner layer = 2:1:1. The weaving of a complete loop also includes four stages: the first stage is that spacer layer I and spacer layer II interlac and connect with the middle layer and the inner layer, respectively, as shown. Figure 3 The second stage involves weaving all fabric layers together. After interlacing and joining spacer layer I with the middle layer and spacer layer II with the inner layer, weaving proceeds from bottom to top, with multiple layers occurring simultaneously. The weft insertion sequence must follow the order LⅡZⅠW W LⅡⅡZⅠⅠW W to satisfy the cyclical structure of the spacer layer and the planar layer. The third stage involves interlacing and joining spacer layer I and spacer layer II with the outer and middle layers respectively, such as... Figure 3 The middle layer consists of W18, W19, Z6, and Z7. The fourth stage involves simultaneous weaving of multiple layers. After the outer layer of spacer layer I, spacer layer II, and the middle layer are interwoven, weaving proceeds from top to bottom. The weft insertion sequence must follow the order W WⅠⅠZⅡⅡL W WⅠZⅡL to satisfy the cyclic structure of the spacer layer and the planar layer. Finally, the process returns to the first stage, completing one cyclic structure. During weaving, the weft insertion sequence described above must be strictly followed to prevent incorrect insertion from affecting the structure of the three-dimensional spacer fabric. The weft insertion force can be increased during weaving to ensure that the yarns of different layers are vertically aligned in the same position. Experimental data shows that the prepared multi-layer three-dimensional fabric has a warp tensile strength of 6769N and a weft tensile strength of 7148N. It did not rupture when subjected to an impact energy of 16J, and its air permeability is >539mm / s.

[0048] Example 2:

[0049] Using the yarn prepared in Example 1, weave as follows Figure 2The multi-layer three-dimensional structure fabric shown has warp feed amounts of a, a, and a for the outer layer (1), middle layer (2), and inner layer (3), respectively. The spacer layers, spacer layers I and II, are quadrilateral support structures, with warp feed amounts of a+b and a+b, respectively. Quadrilaterals are standard symmetrical structural shapes. Because the impact force first reaches the outer layer of the structure, they preferentially bear most of the impact force. Therefore, the outer planar structure 1 adopts a double-layer planar structure design, while the middle planar structure 2 and inner planar structure 3 adopt a single-layer planar structure design. The three-dimensional spacer layer consists of spacer layer I and spacer layer II. The width a and height b of the spacer shape can be changed and adjusted by configuring the fabric weave repeat number and setting parameters such as fabric tightness and weaving tension. In this embodiment, a = 2b is selected for weaving. Figure 4 The diagram shows the yarn arrangement and interlacing of a single-cycle structure. The warp yarn ratio is outer layer:middle layer:inner layer = 1:1:1. Interval layers I and II are woven into interval cycles first. Then, interval layer I interlaces with the outer layer warp yarns for the same number of cycles in a plain weave. Interval layer II then interlaces with the middle layer warp yarns for the same number of cycles in a plain weave. Figure 4 The warp yarns are W8, W9, W10, W11 and Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4. Then, spacer layer I and spacer layer II are interwoven separately. Then, spacer layer I is interwoven with the middle layer warp yarns in a plain weave with the same number of cycles, and spacer layer II is interwoven with the inner layer warp yarns in a plain weave with the same number of cycles. Figure 4 The yarns Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7 and L4, L5, L6, L7 are repeatedly interwoven. During the weft insertion process, the weft insertion intensity can be increased, ensuring that the yarns in different layers are vertically aligned and aligned at the same position. Experimental data shows that the prepared multi-layer three-dimensional fabric has a warp tensile strength of 4965 N and a weft tensile strength of 6542 N. It did not rupture when subjected to an impact energy of 16 J, and its air permeability is >628 mm / s.

[0050] Comparative Example 1: Ordinary single-layer fabric

[0051] Preparation method: A conventional loom was used with unfilled shear-thickening fluid (STF) ordinary yarn. The warp yarns were both aramid 1414 filaments with a specification of 200D and aramid 1414 filaments with a specification of 200D. The fabric was a plain weave with a warp density of 165 ends / 10cm and a weft density of 165 ends / 10cm. The ground weave used a 1, 2, 3, 4-way straight-through heddle method, with 2 reeds per reed. Warping was performed on a KY6041 warping machine, and weaving was done on a rapier loom using an equal-tension shed (GA731B rapier loom). A back beam height of 980mm was used to form an equal-tension shed. The loom speed was set to 300r / min. During weaving, the loom tension was kept stable to obtain a single-layer plain weave fabric of pure aramid 1414.

[0052] In Comparative Example 1, due to its single-layer structure and lack of shear-thickening fluid (STF) and special yarn structure, it exhibits poor impact resistance. Furthermore, the single-layer fabric structure is dense and lacks breathability.

[0053] Comparative Example 2: Triangular multi-layer three-dimensional fabric without special yarn structure

[0054] Preparation method: A multi-warp beam active warp feed loom was used, employing ordinary yarn without shear thickening fluid (STF) filling, using aramid 1414 filament, and a multi-layer three-dimensional hollow structure design. The yarn is a compact spun yarn with an aramid 1313 / viscose 50 / 50 ratio and a fineness of 22.7×2tex, exhibiting a breaking strength of 20.9 cN / tex and a breaking elongation of 9.5%. Weaving process as follows... Figure 1 The three-dimensional fabric structure shown follows the same steps and methods as in Example 1. The outer layer of this structure adopts a double-layer planar structure design, which can effectively resist the large impact force that first reaches the outer layer. The spacer layer adopts a stable triangular structure, which can ensure the stability of the overall structure.

[0055] Although Comparative Example 2 is a multi-layered three-dimensional fabric, its impact resistance is improved due to the lack of shear-thickening fluid (STF) energy dissipation liquid filling in ordinary yarns, but the data is not ideal. The multi-layered interlayer structure also creates numerous air channels, facilitating air circulation and thus providing good breathability.

[0056] The above-mentioned fabric was subjected to the following tests:

[0057] The impact resistance test was conducted according to EN ISO 13937-2 (pendulum method), with a specimen size of 100 mm × 5 mm.

[0058] The air permeability test is conducted in accordance with GB / T 5453-1997 Standard for the Determination of Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics;

[0059] The unit area mass test is based on GB / T 4669-2008 Standard for the determination of unit length mass and unit area mass of textile woven fabrics;

[0060] The test results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0061] Table 1. Test results:

[0062] project Impact resistance (J) Breathability (mm / s) Mass per unit area (g / m2) Example 1 80 320 420 Example 2 75 315 420 Comparative Example 1 12 46 260 Comparative Example 2 40 300 330

[0063] Principles and steps not explicitly described in this invention are all obtainable by those skilled in the art through conventional technical means, and therefore will not be elaborated upon. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a multi-layered three-dimensional impact-resistant material, characterized in that, The steps include: The design incorporates a multi-layer three-dimensional fabric structure. The outer layer (1) adopts a double-layer planar structure design, while the middle layer (2) and inner layer (3) adopt a single-layer planar structure design. The three-dimensional spacer consists of spacer layer I and spacer layer II. The spacer shape width a and spacer shape height b are further designed. A multi-warp beam active warp feeding loom is used to weave the multi-spiral anti-impact yarn according to the designed structure.

2. The method for preparing a multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacer layer is a triangular support structure, When the warp feed amount of the outer layer (1), middle layer (2), and inner layer (3) is a, the warp feed amount of the spacer layer I and spacer layer II is... Spacer layer I and spacer layer II are first connected to the outer layer (1) planar structure and the middle layer (2) planar structure, respectively. After completing one weaving cycle, they are connected to the middle layer (2) planar structure and the inner layer (3) planar structure, respectively. Then, the above-mentioned interlacing of the entire cycle is woven. The multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material is obtained by weaving in sequence.

3. The method for preparing a multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacer layer is a quadrilateral support structure, When the warp feed amount of the outer layer (1), middle layer (2) and inner layer (3) is a, the warp feed amount of the spacer layer I and spacer layer II is a+b. When one of the planar layer fabrics of the outer layer (1), middle layer (2) and inner layer (3) is woven independently, the warp of the spacer layer fabric is woven together with the warp of the other planar layer. Each time the spacer layer is joined with a certain planar layer, it is woven separately. The multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material is obtained by cyclically weaving in this way.

4. The method for preparing a multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the multi-helix impact-resistant yarn includes: (1) Select at least two types of fiber filaments and wind them onto multiple independent yarn tubes. Using spandex filaments as the axis, interweave them in a spiral winding manner to form a multi-spiral yarn core structure. (2) The dispersed phase, dispersion medium and dispersant are mixed to obtain a shear-thickening fluid energy dissipation liquid; (3) The multi-helix yarn core material is slowly immersed in an energy dissipation liquid containing shear thickening fluid, and the energy dissipation liquid is filled into the internal pores and helical gaps of the multi-helix yarn core material by vacuum impregnation or pressure impregnation to obtain an energy dissipation multi-helix yarn core material. (4) The flame-retardant thermoplastic elastic polymer material is pre-coated using ultrasonic coating technology to form a uniform encapsulation layer on the surface of the energy dissipation multi-helix yarn core material. Then, it is thermally stretched to obtain an energy dissipation multi-helix yarn with a linear density of 50-200 tex. A second ultrasonic coating is performed to form a flame-retardant thermoplastic elastic encapsulation layer. Finally, after heat treatment, a multi-helix impact-resistant yarn is obtained.

5. The method for preparing a multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fiber filaments include any one of aramid fiber, carbon fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, basalt fiber, and glass fiber. The number of fiber filaments is 2 to 10; the helix angle ranges from 30° to 60°; and the spacing between adjacent helical layers is 0.3 to 2.5 mm. The spiral winding method applies a pretension of 0.5 to 2.0 N to the fiber.

6. The method for preparing a multi-layered three-dimensional impact-resistant material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dispersed phase comprises silicon dioxide and / or silicon carbide with a particle size range of 10–500 nm. The dispersion medium includes one or a mixture of at least two of polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, silicone oil 50cSt and silicone oil 100cSt; The dispersant includes at least one of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sodium polyacrylate.

7. The method for preparing a multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mass fraction of the dispersed phase relative to the dispersion medium is 20% to 50%.

8. The method for preparing a multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the flame-retardant thermoplastic encapsulation layer is 0.1–0.5 mm; During ultrasonic coating, the ultrasonic power is 0.2W to 3.5W, the nozzle rotation speed is 300r / min to 1200r / min, the spraying speed is 5mm / s to 40mm / s, the spraying pressure is 20 to 30MPa, the liquid flow rate is 30 to 50μl / min, and the spraying temperature is 130℃.

9. The method for preparing a multi-layer three-dimensional impact-resistant material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hot drawing temperature is 160–280℃, and the drawing ratio is 2–5 times. The heat treatment temperature is 110–160°C, and the heat treatment time is 30–60 min.

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