Novel harmless mineral separation process for barite ore open-pit mining

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mineral resource mining and mineral separation, and discloses a barite ore open-pit mining harmless mineral separation novel process which comprises the following steps: S1, adopting an open-pit mining mode, stripping surface coverings, and collecting barite raw ore; s2, raw ore primary washing and separation, specifically, the collected raw ore is washed with water, barite rough ore and primary tailings are separated out, and the primary tailings comprise ore washing muddy water and slag; s3, the ore washing muddy water generated in S2 is separated into coarse particle materials and fine muddy water in a physical separation mode, the coarse particle materials and the fine muddy water are 50 meshes or above, according to the novel barite ore open-pit mining harmless beneficiation technology, through all-component separation and resource utilization of tailings, a traditional tailing treatment mode is thoroughly changed, the ore washing muddy water generated by primary washing of raw ore is recycled, and the ore washing muddy water generated by secondary washing of the raw ore is recycled. Through physical separation, reselection and solid-liquid separation processes, fine sand products, soil backfill materials and process reuse water can be obtained through conversion, and no slurry waste residues exist.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mineral resources mining and beneficiation, in particular to a new process for harmless beneficiation of barite ore open-pit mining. BACKGROUND

[0002] Barite is an important non-metallic mineral resource, mainly composed of barium sulfate, widely used in petroleum, chemical industry, building materials and other industries. At present, barite mining in China is mainly open-pit mining, which occupies a large area of land and causes serious ecological damage. The amount of tailings produced is large. The traditional beneficiation process mainly includes two links of washing and gravity separation. The tailings produced mainly include two categories of slurry and slag. The slurry is a mixture of soil, gravel and fine-grained barite, and the slag is 1-3 centimeter gravel containing a small amount of barite.

[0003] In the existing process, the tailings are mainly treated by stacking or landfilling, which not only occupies land resources, but also has environmental risks such as landslides and soil pollution. The resources such as sand and soil that can be recycled in the tailings are not effectively separated and utilized, resulting in waste of resources. Therefore, a new process for harmless beneficiation of barite ore open-pit mining is proposed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a new process for harmless beneficiation of barite ore open-pit mining, which solves the problems of land resource occupation, landslide and soil pollution and other environmental risks caused by stacking or landfilling treatment of tailings (including washing slurry and slag) in the existing barite ore open-pit mining and beneficiation technology, and the waste of resources such as barite, sand and soil that can be recycled in the tailings.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: a new process for harmless beneficiation of barite ore open-pit mining, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, using open-pit mining method, stripping the surface cover, collecting barite ore;

[0007] S2, primary washing and separation of the ore, washing the collected ore to separate barite ore and primary tailings, the primary tailings including washing slurry and slag;

[0008] S3, separating the washing slurry produced in S2 into coarse particle material and fine slurry by physical separation method;

[0009] S4, obtaining barite concentrate and fine sand product by gravity separation process of the obtained coarse particle material;

[0010] S5, solid-liquid separation of the fine slurry obtained in S3 to obtain soil backfill material and process reuse water;

[0011] S6, after the slag produced by S2 is crushed to a particle size of 0.5 mm or less, barite and building sand are separated by a water washing gravity separation process, and the produced washing slurry is treated by S3, S4 and S5 process steps;

[0012] S7, the process wastewater produced in S4, S5 and S6 is recycled and used in the washing process of S2 or the water washing operation of S6 after being treated by sedimentation and filtration.

[0013] Preferably, in S1, the open-pit mining adopts a layered mining method, and different ore layers of different grades are mined separately.

[0014] Preferably, in S2, the primary washing and selection adopts a drum washing machine or a tank washing machine.

[0015] Preferably, in S3, the physical separation is realized by a multi-stage separation tank group, which includes a sedimentation tank, a vibrating screen and a cyclone connected in sequence, and the mesh size of the vibrating screen is 50 mesh.

[0016] Preferably, the multi-stage separation tank group is also provided with an automatic control system to adjust the separation parameters in real time according to the concentration of the slurry.

[0017] Preferably, in S4, the gravity separation process adopts a jig or a shaking table.

[0018] Preferably, in S5, the solid-liquid separation adopts a plate-and-frame filter press, and the water content of the soil after filtration is controlled to be 20% to 25%, and the pH value is maintained at 6.5 to 7.5, which is directly used for mine reclamation or farmland improvement.

[0019] Preferably, in S6, the slag crushing adopts a two-stage crushing system, including a jaw crusher for coarse crushing and a roller crusher for fine crushing, and the particle size of the crushed material is controlled to be 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0020] Preferably, in S6, the water washing gravity separation process adopts a spiral chute.

[0021] Preferably, in S5, during the treatment of the fine slurry, food-grade polyacrylamide is added as an organic flocculant, and the addition amount is controlled to be 0.1‰ to 0.5‰.

[0022] Beneficial effects

[0023] The present application provides a new harmless mineral processing technology for open-pit barite mining.

[0024] The barite ore open-pit mining harmless beneficiation new process, through the full component separation and resource utilization of tailings, completely changes the traditional tailings treatment mode, the washing mud water produced by the primary washing and selection of raw ore can be converted into fine sand products, soil backfill materials and process reuse water through physical separation, gravity separation and solid-liquid separation process, no slurry waste is left, the slag in the primary tailings can be separated into barite concentrate and building sand after secondary crushing and water washing gravity separation treatment, the whole process flow, all tailings components are converted into useful resources, no land is occupied for tailings storage or landfill, land resources are greatly saved, at the same time, the land degradation problem caused by tailings stacking is avoided, this process solves the problem of no tailings stacking site, eliminates the geological disaster hidden danger of tailings stacking landslide, collapse and other geological disasters from the source, reduces the safety risk of the mining area and the surrounding area, food grade polyacrylamide is selected as the organic flocculant in the fine mud water soil liquid separation process, there is no toxic residue, the soil backfill material after pressure filtration does not contain soluble harmful impurities, and will not cause soil pollution when used for mine reclamation or farmland improvement; on the other hand, the process wastewater is treated by precipitation and filtration, and is recycled, no wastewater is discharged, avoiding the pollution of wastewater carrying impurities to surface water or groundwater, the soil backfill material can be directly used for mine reclamation, covering the surface area stripped by mining, and cooperating with vegetation planting can quickly restore the ecology of the mining area, improve the problem of surface vegetation degradation and soil erosion caused by open-pit mining, the residual fine particle barite in the raw ore and tailings is fully recovered through gravity separation process and water washing gravity separation treatment of the crushed slag, the total recovery rate of barite is significantly improved compared with the traditional process, the utilization rate of barite resources is greatly improved, which has important significance for promoting the sustainable development of barite industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0026] A barite ore open-pit mining harmless beneficiation new process, comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1, adopt open-pit mining method, strip the surface covering of the mining area, adopt stratified mining technology in the mining process, and mine and transport different grades of barite ore layers, that is, high-grade ore layers, such as BaSO4 content ≥ 85%, medium-grade ore layers, such as BaSO4 content 50%-85%, and low-grade ore layers, such as BaSO4 content 30%-50%, are mined and transported separately to the ore dressing workshop to avoid mixing of different grades of ore, which reduces the efficiency of subsequent ore dressing. Through stratified mining, the subsequent ore dressing parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to the ore grade to improve the quality and recovery rate of barite concentrate;

[0028] S2, the different grades of raw ore collected in S1 are sent to the washing equipment for primary washing and separation; the primary washing equipment selects a drum washing machine or a tank washing machine, and the selection is based on the mud content of the raw ore: when the mud content is > 15%, a drum washing machine is selected, and when the mud content is ≤ 15%, a tank washing machine is selected. Through the action of water flow and equipment grinding, the mud and impurities on the surface of the raw ore are removed, and barite ore and primary tailings are separated. The primary tailings include washing mud water and slag;

[0029] S3, the washing mud water generated in S2 is introduced into a multi-stage separation tank group for physical separation. The multi-stage separation tank group is composed of a sedimentation tank, a vibrating screen, and a cyclone connected in sequence. Specifically, the washing mud water first enters the sedimentation tank, and part of the large particle impurities, such as particle size > 200 mesh, are removed by gravity sedimentation to reduce the processing load of the subsequent equipment. The supernatant of the sedimentation tank, such as containing fine particles below 50 mesh, is sent to the vibrating screen. The screen aperture of the vibrating screen is set to 50 mesh. The coarse particles above 50 mesh and fine mud water are separated by the vibrating screen. The fine mud water discharged from the vibrating screen is sent to the cyclone for further separation of fine particles by centrifugal force to ensure the efficiency of subsequent solid-liquid separation. In addition, the multi-stage separation tank group is also equipped with an automatic control system. The system monitors the mud water concentration in real time through a concentration sensor and automatically adjusts the water inlet speed of the sedimentation tank, the frequency of the vibrating screen, and the pressure of the cyclone according to the concentration data to ensure stable separation effect and avoid manual adjustment errors;

[0030] S4, the coarse particle material above 50 mesh obtained by separation in S3 is sent to a gravity separation equipment, such as a jig or a shaking table, for gravity separation. When the barite content in the coarse particle material is high, a jig is selected. When the barite content is low, a shaking table is selected. The shaking table has higher separation accuracy. Barite concentrate and fine sand products are obtained through gravity separation process;

[0031] S5, the fine mud water obtained in S3 is sent to a solid-liquid separation equipment, such as a plate and frame filter press, for pressure filtration. During the pressure filtration process, food-grade polyacrylamide is added as an organic flocculant to the fine mud water. The addition amount is controlled at 0.1‰-0.5‰. The food-grade polyacrylamide is non-toxic, avoiding secondary pollution, accelerating the agglomeration of fine particles, and improving the pressure filtration efficiency. Soil backfill material and process reuse water are obtained after pressure filtration;

[0032] S6, the slag produced in S2 is sent to a secondary crushing system for crushing: first, the slag is coarsely crushed by a jaw crusher to a particle size of 10-20 mm; then, the slag is finely crushed by a roller crusher to a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm, so as to ensure that the fine particles of barite wrapped in the slag are fully dissociated; the crushed slag is sent to a spiral chute for water washing and gravity separation; the spiral chute has good separation effect on fine particles and low energy consumption; a small amount of barite concentrate and building sand is separated; the washing mud water produced in the process of water washing and gravity separation is treated again by the process steps of S3, S4 and S5, so as to ensure full recovery of resources and no secondary tailings are produced;

[0033] S7, the process wastewater produced in S4, S5 and S6 is collected into a wastewater treatment tank; first, gravity sedimentation is performed by a sedimentation tank; then, filtration is performed by a quartz sand filter; the treated wastewater meets the washing water standard, and is used for the primary washing and separation process of the raw ore in step S2 or the water washing and gravity separation operation of the slag in step S6, so as to realize recycling of water resources and greatly reduce the amount of fresh water used;

[0034] In the scheme, through full-component separation and resource utilization of tailings, the traditional tailings treatment mode is completely changed; the washing mud water produced in the primary washing and separation of raw ore is converted into fine sand products, soil backfill materials and process recycled water through physical separation, gravity separation and solid-liquid separation processes; no slurry waste is left; the slag in the primary tailings can separate barite concentrate and building sand after secondary crushing and water washing and gravity separation; the total amount of slag is converted into useful products; in the whole process, all components of the tailings are converted into useful resources; no land is occupied for tailings storage or landfill; land resources are greatly saved; land degradation problems caused by tailings stacking are avoided; the process solves the problem of no tailings stacking site; geological disaster hazards such as landslide and collapse of tailings stacking are eliminated from the source; the safety risk of the mining area and the surrounding area is reduced; food-grade polyacrylamide is used as an organic flocculant in the process of fine mud water and soil liquid separation; no toxic residues are left; the soil backfill material after pressure filtration does not contain soluble harmful impurities; when used for mine reclamation or farmland improvement, no soil pollution is caused; on the other hand, the process wastewater is recycled after sedimentation and filtration; no wastewater is discharged; the soil backfill material produced can be directly used for mine reclamation; the surface area stripped by mining is covered; vegetation planting can quickly restore the ecology of the mining area; the problems of surface vegetation degradation and water and soil loss caused by open-pit mining are improved; through gravity separation process and water washing and gravity separation process, the fine particles of barite remaining in the raw ore and tailings are fully recovered; the total recovery rate of barite is significantly improved compared with the traditional process; the utilization rate of barite resources is greatly improved; the process has important significance for promoting the sustainable development of the barite mining industry.

[0035] It should be noted that: soil backfill material: the moisture content of filter cake after pressure filtration is controlled at 20%-25%, the pH value is adjusted to 6.5-7.5, and no soluble harmful impurities, can be directly used for mine reclamation, covering the mining stripping area, or farmland improvement, to supplement soil organic matter, improve soil structure;

[0036] Process reuse water: the filtrate produced by pressure filtration is clear in water quality, and the suspended solids content is less than or equal to 10 mg / L, which can be directly introduced into the subsequent water circulation system.

[0037] Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above only for the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, although the foregoing embodiments of the present application are described in detail, for those skilled in the art, it still can be modified, or the equivalent replacement of part of the technical features recorded in the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A new technology for open-pit mining of barite ore, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, using open-pit mining method, stripping the surface cover, collecting barite ore; S2, primary washing and selecting the ore, washing the collected ore, separating barite ore and primary tailings, the primary tailings comprising washing slurry and ore slag; S3, separating the washing slurry produced in S2 into coarse particle material above 50 mesh and fine slurry by physical separation method; S4, obtaining barite concentrate and fine sand product by gravity separation process from the obtained coarse particle material; S5, solid-liquid separation of the fine slurry obtained in S3 to obtain soil backfill material and process reuse water; S6, crushing the ore slag produced in S2 to a particle size below 0.5 mm, and separating barite and building sand by water washing and gravity separation process, and treating the washing slurry produced by the process by S3, S4 and S5 process steps; S7, recycling the process wastewater produced in S4, S5 and S6 after sedimentation and filtration treatment to the ore washing process of step S2 or the water washing operation of step S6.

2. The new technology for open-pit mining and harmlessness beneficiation of barite ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the open-pit mining adopts stratified mining method, and different grade ore layers are mined separately during the mining process.

3. The new technology for open-cast mining and harmlessly beneficiating barite ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the primary washing and selection adopts a drum washing machine or a tank washing machine.

4. The new technology for open cast mining of barite ore for its harmlessness beneficiation as claimed in claim 2, wherein: In S3, the physical separation adopts a multi-stage separation tank group, which comprises a sedimentation tank, a vibrating screen and a cyclone connected in sequence, and the screen mesh aperture of the vibrating screen is 50 mesh.

5. The new technology for open cast mining of barite ore for its harmlessness beneficiation as claimed in claim 4, wherein: The multi-stage separation tank group is also provided with an automatic control system for adjusting the separation parameters in real time according to the slurry concentration.

6. The new technology for open cast mining of barite ore for its harmlessness beneficiation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In S4, the gravity separation process adopts a jig or a shaking table.

7. The new harmless mineral processing technology for open-pit barite mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the solid-liquid separation adopts a plate and frame filter press, and the soil after pressure filtration has a water content of 20% to 25% and a pH value of 6.5 to 7.5, and is directly used for mine reclamation or farmland improvement.

8. The new technology for open cast mining of barite ore for its harmlessness beneficiation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said technology comprises of the following steps: (a) to (h) as claimed in claim 1. In S6, the ore slag crushing adopts a two-stage crushing system, which comprises a jaw crusher for coarse crushing and a roller crusher for fine crushing, and the particle size of the crushed material is controlled to be 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

9. The new harmless mineral processing technology for open-pit barite mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, the water washing and gravity separation process adopts a spiral chute.

10. A new technology for open-cast mining and beneficiating barite ore harmlessly according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, food-grade polyacrylamide is added as an organic flocculant during the fine slurry treatment process, and the addition amount is controlled to be 0.1‰ to 0.5‰.