A complex coal seam condition side coal mining-filling-discharging time and space coordination method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of complex coal seam condition side slope coal mining-filling-discharge space-time coordination method and system, coordination system includes the following steps: get complex coal seam condition side slope coal filling mining constraint factor, in combination with existing mining system of strip coal mine, give constraint factor of existing strip mining system to side slope coal filling system;Establish side slope filling mining and existing strip mining production nonlinear optimization model, obtain the key parameters of complex coal seam condition side slope coal mining-filling-discharge by combining nonlinear optimization mathematical model with sequential quadratic programming algorithm;Complex coal seam condition side slope coal filling mining numerical model is constructed, and the failure characteristics of strip slope instability under different side slope coal filling mining parameters are studied;With complex coal seam strip slope stability control as principle, determine the optimal scheme of strip side slope coal filling mining, give the spatial arrangement relationship of existing strip mining and side slope filling mining working face, determine the space-time coordination scheme of mining-filling-discharge based on slope stability control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of side coal filling mining, and in particular to a method and system for coordinating the mining, filling, and drainage of side coal under complex coal seam conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Open-pit mining, as an important method of coal mining, is increasingly used in mines due to its high recovery rate and safety. However, the current resource recovery rate of open-pit coal mines is only 75%. The traditional single open-pit mining method inevitably leads to a large amount of overburdened resources under the roof and walls—unrecoverable coal, resulting in significant resource and economic losses. Simultaneously, with the production and internal dumping of soil in open-pit mines, the slope height gradually decreases until it disappears. If the resources overburdened under the slopes are not extracted in time, permanent resource loss is likely, which is detrimental to the sustainable development of coal mining enterprises.

[0003] Currently, the main method for recovering coal seam slopes in my country is direct mining using slope mining machines. However, this method suffers from problems such as difficulty in controlling slope instability. Open-pit coal mine slope backfilling mining technology can achieve pillarless backfilling mining between slope roadways, achieving the dual goals of safety and coal resource recovery rate. However, open-pit coal mine slope backfilling mining faces the problem of spatiotemporal interference between open-pit mining and slope backfilling mining. Slope mining affects the follow-up speed of the internal spoil heap and the layout of the open-pit mining transportation system, while the internal spoil heap tracking speed affects the slope mining speed. Therefore, reducing the mutual influence between these two factors and ensuring their close coordination is crucial for the design of slope mining in complex coal seam conditions and has an urgent practical need. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This solution addresses the problems and needs raised above by proposing a spatiotemporal coordination method and system for mining, filling, and draining coal in complex coal seam conditions. The above-mentioned technical objectives can be achieved by adopting the following technical features, and other technical effects are also brought about.

[0005] One objective of this invention is to propose a spatiotemporal coordination method for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S10: Analyze the occurrence characteristics of complex coal seams in open-pit coal mines, design backfilling mining methods to match different types of side coal in open-pit coal mines, obtain the constraint factors of side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions, and combine the existing mining system of open-pit coal mines to give the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system.

[0007] S20: Analyze and determine the decision variables for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions, establish a nonlinear optimization model for side coal backfilling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combine the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, and obtain the key parameters for side coal mining-backfilling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions.

[0008] S30: Construct a numerical model for backfilling mining of side coal seams under complex conditions. Simulate different mining schemes with backfilling mining sequence, mining tunnel height, mining tunnel width, mining tunnel length, and backfilling timing through the numerical model to determine the optimal mining-backfilling-drainage key parameters and study the open-pit slope instability and failure characteristics under different side coal backfilling mining parameters.

[0009] S40: Based on the determined optimal scheme for open-pit coal backfilling mining, obtain the spatial arrangement relationship between the existing open-pit mining and backfilling mining working faces, and thus determine the spatiotemporal coordination scheme of mining-backfilling-drainage based on slope stability control.

[0010] Furthermore, the spatiotemporal coordination method for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions according to the present invention may also have the following technical features:

[0011] In one example of the present invention, in step S10, the constraints on side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions include side coal occurrence conditions, vertical backfilling sequence, number of layered backfilling layers, mine height, mine width, mine length, side coal mining machine mining capacity, backfilling speed, and backfilling material solidification time; the constraints on the side coal backfilling system of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system include the advance speed of the open-pit mining and stripping working face, the internal drainage follow-up speed, the exposure time of the side coal bench, and the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system.

[0012] In one example of the present invention, step S20, which combines the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm to find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, specifically includes the following steps:

[0013] S21: Determine the objective function of the sidewall backfilling mining system capacity and constraint functions for mining side coal filling under complex coal seam conditions The constraint function of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system ;

[0014] S22: The optimization objective is determined to be maximizing the capacity of the backfilling mining system, i.e. =h k l t1 ρ; where h is the height of the mining tunnel, k is the width of the mining tunnel, which are respectively limited by the height and width of the side coal mining machine, l is the daily advance distance of the side coal mining machine, t1 is the annual working days, and ρ is the density of the filling body;

[0015] S23: Using the sequential quadratic algorithm, complex nonlinear optimization problems are decomposed into several easier-to-solve quadratic programming problems;

[0016] S24: Solve this quadratic programming problem and use the solution as the direction for the next iteration. This step can be used to obtain an approximate solution to the original objective function. Repeat this process to continuously improve the fit between the solution and the objective function solution, thereby obtaining the optimal solution required by the original objective function.

[0017] In one example of the present invention, the filling and mining system has its maximum capacity in step S22. The constraint function must be satisfied, and the conditions of the constraint function are as follows:

[0018]

[0019] ,

[0020] In the formula, the inequality represents nonlinear relationship constraints, p refers to the number of constraint variables for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions, s refers to the number of constraint variables of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system; e is the daily mining capacity of the side coal mining machine, which depends on the mining capacity of the side coal mining machine equipment; v1 is the backfilling speed, which depends on the capacity of the existing backfilling equipment; t2 is the solidification time of the backfilling material; v2 is the advance speed of the open-pit coal mining and stripping working face, which depends on the capacity of the open-pit coal mining and stripping equipment; v3 is the internal discharge follow-up speed; c is the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system, which is determined by the capacity of the solid waste crushing system.

[0021] Among them, the following conditions must be met for the daily mining capacity e of the sidewall mining machine, the height h of the mining chamber, the width k of the mining chamber, the filling speed v1, the advance speed v2 of the open-pit coal mine stripping working side, the internal discharge follow-up speed v3, the capacity c of the open-pit solid waste crushing system, and the daily advance distance l of the sidewall mining machine:

[0022] .

[0023] In one example of the present invention, step S23 specifically includes:

[0024] First, the nonlinear constraint function is used to define the complex coal seam conditions and the constraint function for side coal filling mining. The constraint function of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system The simplified form is as follows:

[0025] ,

[0026] ,

[0027] Secondly, select the iteration point. Using Taylor expansion, the objective function is filled to maximize mining capacity. At the iteration point Simplifying the expression into a quadratic function, we obtain the following quadratic programming problem:

[0028] .

[0029] In one example of the present invention, in step S30, studying the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different side coal backfilling mining parameters includes:

[0030] Based on the obtained key parameters for mining, filling, and drainage of coal seams under complex conditions, FLAC was used. 3D The software simulates the mining of single coal seams and multi-coal seams under different filling mining conditions. It analyzes the factors such as different filling mining sequences, coal and rock mass strength, geometry of mining chambers and coal pillars, slope morphology, overburden thickness, filling strength and filling roof contact ratio, and simulates the stress evolution and plastic zone development process of the slope during mining.

[0031] For multi-layered slopes, by analyzing the mining sequence of the upward and downward layers, different mining sequences may lead to different stress and deformation distributions, thus affecting the stability of the slope.

[0032] The spatial arrangement of the mining tunnels directly affects the stress state and deformation characteristics of the slope;

[0033] Investigating the influence of the thickness of the separation layer on the criteria for slope instability;

[0034] This study investigates the impact of different numbers of layers on slope instability criteria.

[0035] Another objective of this invention is to provide a spatiotemporal coordination system for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions, comprising:

[0036] The constraint factor acquisition unit is configured to analyze the occurrence characteristics of complex coal seams in open-pit coal mines, design backfilling mining methods that match different types of side coal in open-pit coal mines, obtain the constraint factors for backfilling mining of side coal under complex coal seam conditions, and, in conjunction with the existing mining system of open-pit coal mines, give the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system.

[0037] The key parameter acquisition unit is configured to analyze and determine the decision variables for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions, establish a nonlinear optimization model for side coal backfilling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combine the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, and obtain the key parameters for side coal mining-backfilling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions.

[0038] The instability and failure characteristic unit is configured to construct a numerical model for backfilling mining of side coal seams under complex conditions. The numerical model simulates different mining schemes with backfilling mining sequence, mining tunnel height, mining tunnel width, mining tunnel length, and backfilling timing to determine the optimal mining-backfilling-drainage key parameters and study the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different backfilling mining parameters.

[0039] The spatiotemporal coordination scheme unit is configured to obtain the spatial arrangement relationship between the existing open-pit mining and side-side backfilling mining working faces based on the determined optimal scheme for open-pit side-side coal backfilling mining, thereby determining the spatiotemporal coordination scheme for mining-backfilling-drainage based on slope stability control.

[0040] In one example of the present invention, the constraint factor acquisition unit includes constraint factors for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions and constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system; wherein, the constraint factors for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions include side coal occurrence conditions, vertical backfilling sequence, number of layered backfilling layers, mine height, mine width, mine length, side coal mining machine mining capacity, backfilling speed, and backfilling material solidification time; the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system include open-pit coal mine stripping working face advancement speed, internal drainage follow-up speed, side coal bench exposure time, and open-pit solid waste crushing system capacity.

[0041] In one example of the present invention, the key parameter acquisition unit includes:

[0042] The constraint function module is configured to determine the objective function of the sidewall backfilling mining system capacity. and constraint functions for mining side coal filling under complex coal seam conditions The constraint function of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system ;

[0043] The optimization target module is configured to determine the optimal objective as maximizing the capacity of the backfilling mining system. =h k l t1 ρ; where h is the height of the mining tunnel, k is the width of the mining tunnel, which are respectively limited by the height and width of the side coal mining machine, l is the daily advance distance of the side coal mining machine, t1 is the annual working days, and ρ is the density of the filling body;

[0044] The quadratic programming module is configured to use a sequential quadratic algorithm to break down complex nonlinear optimization problems into several easier-to-solve quadratic programming problems.

[0045] The optimal solution module is configured to solve this quadratic programming problem and use the solution as the direction for the next iteration. This step can obtain an approximate solution to the original objective function. By repeating this process, the fit between the solution and the objective function solution can be continuously improved, thereby obtaining the optimal solution required by the original objective function.

[0046] In one example of the present invention, the quadratic programming module includes:

[0047] The linear function module is configured to handle complex coal seam conditions and sidewall coal filling mining constraints under nonlinear constraint functions. The constraint function of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system The simplified form is as follows:

[0048] ,

[0049] ,

[0050] The quadratic function module is configured to select iteration points. Using Taylor expansion, the objective function is filled to maximize mining capacity. At this iteration point Simplifying the expression into a quadratic function, we obtain the following quadratic programming problem:

[0051] .

[0052] The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0053] It can effectively solve the problem of matching side-side backfilling mining with existing open-pit mining production, realize safe and effective mining of side-side coal under complex coal seam conditions, improve the coal resource recovery rate, and extend the service life of open-pit mines.

[0054] The preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to facilitate an understanding of the features and advantages of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0055] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. The drawings are merely illustrative of some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to all embodiments.

[0056] Figure 1A flowchart of a spatiotemporal coordination method for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 A numerical analysis model diagram of slope instability during side-filling mining according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mining height, mining tunnel width, and mining tunnel length dimensions of the numerical analysis model according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same components. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this patent application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, “an” or “a” and similar terms do not necessarily indicate a quantity limitation. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described object changes.

[0061] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a spatiotemporal coordination method for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions is provided, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0062] S10: Analyze the occurrence characteristics of complex coal seams in open-pit coal mines with multiple and thick coal seams, design backfilling mining methods to match different types of side coal in open-pit coal mines, obtain the constraint factors of side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions, and combine the existing mining system of open-pit coal mines to give the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system.

[0063] S20: Analyze and determine the decision variables for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions, establish a nonlinear optimization model for side coal backfilling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combine the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, and obtain the key parameters for side coal mining-backfilling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions.

[0064] S30: Construct a numerical model for backfilling mining of side coal seams under complex conditions. Simulate different mining schemes with backfilling mining sequence, mining tunnel height, mining tunnel width, mining tunnel length, and backfilling timing through the numerical model to determine the optimal mining-backfilling-drainage key parameters and study the open-pit slope instability and failure characteristics under different side coal backfilling mining parameters.

[0065] S40: Based on the determined optimal scheme for open-pit coal backfilling mining, obtain the spatial arrangement relationship between the existing open-pit mining and backfilling mining working faces, and thus determine the spatiotemporal coordination scheme of mining-backfilling-drainage based on slope stability control.

[0066] This collaborative method establishes a nonlinear optimization model for side-side backfilling mining and existing open-pit mining production. It combines this nonlinear optimization mathematical model with a sequential quadratic programming algorithm to obtain key parameters for side-side coal mining-backfilling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions. Based on the principle of controlling the stability of open-pit slopes in complex coal seams, it determines the optimal scheme for side-side backfilling mining. This process significantly reduces the spatiotemporal interference between existing open-pit mining and side-side backfilling mining, greatly minimizing the impact of side-side mining on the follow-up speed of the internal waste dump and the layout of the open-pit mining transportation system. It ensures the relative consistency between the internal waste dump tracking speed and the side-side mining speed, effectively preventing production downtime. This effectively solves the problem of matching side-side backfilling mining with existing open-pit mining production, enabling effective side-side mining under complex coal seam conditions, improving coal resource recovery rates, and extending the service life of open-pit mines.

[0067] It is understandable that the following mining methods are existing technologies: mining with the working side first and then lower, mining with the side coal flushing and backfilling of multiple coal seams, mining with the internal spoil heap first and then upper, and mining with multiple equipment for multiple coal seams with the side coal flushing and backfilling of multiple coal seams.

[0068] Understandably, the establishment of the nonlinear optimization model involves: first, determining the constraints of side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions and the constraints of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system, as well as the decision variables; and then using MATLAB software and toolbox functions to establish a nonlinear optimization model for side coal backfilling mining and existing open-pit mining production.

[0069] It should be noted that the construction of a numerical model for mining sidewall coal filling under complex coal seam conditions includes: using FLAC3D software to create a three-dimensional model of the slope, simulating a model with a height similar to the actual slope using a basic mesh, then determining the model's composition and the mechanical characteristics of the materials to represent the mechanical characteristics exhibited by the model under external forces, selecting an elastic model and a Mohr-Coulomb model to simulate elastic and plastic materials, defining the bulk modulus and shear modulus required for the elastic model, and the internal friction angle, dilatation angle, cohesion, and tensile strength of the material required for the Mohr-Coulomb model, then adding boundary conditions and initial conditions, and obtaining the stability of the slope under different mining schemes through calculation.

[0070] In one example of the present invention, in step S10, the constraints on side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions include side coal occurrence conditions, vertical backfilling sequence, number of layered backfilling layers, mine height, mine width, mine length, side coal mining machine mining capacity, backfilling speed, and backfilling material solidification time; the constraints on the side coal backfilling system of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system include the advance speed of the open-pit mining and stripping working face, the internal drainage follow-up speed, the exposure time of the side coal bench, and the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system.

[0071] In one example of the present invention, in step S20, the decision variable is the side coal backfilling mining capacity, specifically including side coal backfilling mining efficiency, mining-backfilling-drainage key parameters, mining tunnel parameters, etc.

[0072] In one example of the present invention, step S20, which combines the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm to find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, specifically includes the following steps:

[0073] S21: Determine the objective function of the sidewall backfilling mining system capacity and constraint functions for mining side coal filling under complex coal seam conditions The constraint function of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system ;

[0074] S22: The optimization objective is determined to be maximizing the capacity of the backfilling mining system, i.e. =h k l t1 ρ; where h is the height of the mining tunnel, k is the width of the mining tunnel, which are respectively limited by the height and width of the side coal mining machine, l is the daily advance distance of the side coal mining machine, t1 is the annual working days, and ρ is the density of the filling body;

[0075] S23: Using the sequential quadratic algorithm, complex nonlinear optimization problems are decomposed into several easier-to-solve quadratic programming problems;

[0076] S24: Solve this quadratic programming problem and use the solution as the direction for the next iteration. This step can be used to obtain an approximate solution to the original objective function. Repeat this process to continuously improve the fit between the solution and the objective function solution, thereby obtaining the optimal solution required by the original objective function.

[0077] In one example of the present invention, the filling and mining system has its maximum capacity in step S22. The constraint function must be satisfied, and the conditions of the constraint function are as follows:

[0078]

[0079] ,

[0080] In the formula, the inequality represents nonlinear relationship constraints, p refers to the number of constraint variables for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions, s refers to the number of constraint variables of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system; e is the daily mining capacity of the side coal mining machine, which depends on the mining capacity of the side coal mining machine equipment; v1 is the backfilling speed, which depends on the capacity of the existing backfilling equipment; t2 is the solidification time of the backfilling material; v2 is the advance speed of the open-pit coal mining and stripping working face, which depends on the capacity of the open-pit coal mining and stripping equipment; v3 is the internal discharge follow-up speed; c is the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system, which is determined by the capacity of the solid waste crushing system.

[0081] Among them, the following conditions must be met for the daily mining capacity e of the sidewall mining machine, the height h of the mining chamber, the width k of the mining chamber, the filling speed v1, the advance speed v2 of the open-pit coal mine stripping working side, the internal discharge follow-up speed v3, the capacity c of the open-pit solid waste crushing system, and the daily advance distance l of the sidewall mining machine:

[0082] .

[0083] In one example of the present invention, step S23 specifically includes:

[0084] First, select the iteration point. Using Taylor expansion, the objective function is filled to maximize mining capacity. At the iteration point Simplifying the expression into a quadratic function, we obtain the following quadratic programming problem:

[0085]

[0086] Secondly, the nonlinear constraint function for complex coal seam conditions and the constraint function for side coal filling mining will be applied. The constraint function of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system The simplified form is as follows:

[0087] ,

[0088] , .

[0089] In one example of the present invention, in step S30, studying the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different side coal backfilling mining parameters includes:

[0090] Based on the obtained key parameters for mining, filling, and drainage of coal seams under complex conditions, FLAC was used. 3D The software simulates the mining of single coal seams and multi-coal seams under different filling mining conditions. It analyzes the factors such as different filling mining sequences, coal and rock mass strength, geometry of mining chambers and coal pillars, slope morphology, overburden thickness, filling strength and filling roof contact ratio, and simulates the stress evolution and plastic zone development process of the slope during mining.

[0091] For multi-layered slopes, special attention should be paid to analyzing the mining sequence of the upward and downward layers. Different mining sequences may lead to different stress and deformation distributions, thus affecting the stability of the slope.

[0092] The spatial arrangement of the mining tunnels directly affects the stress state and deformation characteristics of the slope;

[0093] Investigating the influence of the thickness of the separation layer on the criteria for slope instability;

[0094] This study investigates the impact of different numbers of layers on slope instability criteria.

[0095] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a spatiotemporal coordination system for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions includes:

[0096] The constraint factor acquisition unit is configured to analyze the occurrence characteristics of complex coal seams in open-pit coal mines with multiple and thick coal seams, design backfilling mining methods that match different types of side coal in open-pit coal mines, obtain the constraint factors for backfilling mining of side coal under complex coal seam conditions, and, in conjunction with the existing mining system of open-pit coal mines, give the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system.

[0097] The key parameter acquisition unit is configured to analyze and determine the decision variables for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions, establish a nonlinear optimization model for side coal backfilling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combine the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, and obtain the key parameters for side coal mining-backfilling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions.

[0098] The instability and failure characteristic unit is configured to construct a numerical model for backfilling mining of side coal seams under complex conditions. The numerical model simulates different mining schemes with backfilling mining sequence, mining tunnel height, mining tunnel width, mining tunnel length, and backfilling timing to determine the optimal mining-backfilling-drainage key parameters and study the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different backfilling mining parameters.

[0099] The spatiotemporal coordination scheme unit is configured to obtain the spatial arrangement relationship between the existing open-pit mining and side-side backfilling mining working faces based on the determined optimal scheme for open-pit side-side coal backfilling mining, thereby determining the spatiotemporal coordination scheme for mining-backfilling-drainage based on slope stability control.

[0100] This collaborative system establishes a nonlinear optimization model for side-side backfilling mining and existing open-pit mining production. By combining this nonlinear optimization mathematical model with a sequential quadratic programming algorithm, it obtains key parameters for side-side coal mining-backfilling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions. Based on the principle of stable open-pit slope control in complex coal seams, it determines the optimal scheme for side-side backfilling mining. This process significantly reduces the spatiotemporal interference between existing open-pit mining and side-side backfilling mining, greatly minimizing the impact of side-side mining on the follow-up speed of the internal waste dump and the layout of the open-pit mining transportation system. It ensures the relative consistency between the internal waste dump tracking speed and the side-side mining speed, effectively preventing production downtime. It effectively solves the problem of matching side-side backfilling mining with existing open-pit mining production, enabling effective side-side mining under complex coal seam conditions, improving coal resource recovery rates, and extending the service life of open-pit mines.

[0101] In one example of the present invention, the constraint factor acquisition unit includes constraint factors for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions and constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system; wherein, the constraint factors for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions include side coal occurrence conditions, vertical backfilling sequence, number of layered backfilling layers, mine height, mine width, mine length, side coal mining machine mining capacity, backfilling speed, and backfilling material solidification time; the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system include open-pit coal mine stripping working face advancement speed, internal drainage follow-up speed, side coal bench exposure time, and open-pit solid waste crushing system capacity.

[0102] In one example of the present invention, the key parameter acquisition unit includes:

[0103] The constraint function module is configured to determine the objective function of the sidewall backfilling mining system capacity. and constraint functions for mining side coal filling under complex coal seam conditions The constraint function of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system ;

[0104] The optimization target module is configured to determine the optimal objective as maximizing the capacity of the backfilling mining system. =h k l t1 ρ; where h is the height of the mining tunnel, k is the width of the mining tunnel, which are respectively limited by the height and width of the side coal mining machine, l is the daily advance distance of the side coal mining machine, t1 is the annual working days, and ρ is the density of the filling body;

[0105] The quadratic programming module is configured to use a sequential quadratic algorithm to break down complex nonlinear optimization problems into several easier-to-solve quadratic programming problems.

[0106] The optimal solution module is configured to solve this quadratic programming problem and use the solution as the direction for the next iteration. This step can obtain an approximate solution to the original objective function. By repeating this process, the fit between the solution and the objective function solution can be continuously improved, thereby obtaining the optimal solution required by the original objective function.

[0107] In one example of the present invention, the quadratic programming module includes:

[0108] The linear function module is configured to handle complex coal seam conditions and sidewall coal filling mining constraints under nonlinear constraint functions. The constraint function of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system The simplified form is as follows:

[0109] ,

[0110] ,

[0111] The quadratic function module is configured to select iteration points. Using Taylor expansion, the objective function is filled to maximize mining capacity. At the iteration point Simplifying the expression into a quadratic function, we obtain the following quadratic programming problem:

[0112] .

[0113] Specific Cases

[0114] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, an open-pit coal mine in Xinjiang is selected. The mine has an approved production capacity of 10 million tons / year. The southern part of the mine has been mined to the boundary of the mining area. The coal resources covered by the southern side slope reach 13.5 million tons. The demand for mining the coal resources covered by the side slope is urgent. The coal seam covered by the side slope is a huge coal seam with a thickness of 27m and a dip angle of 16°.

[0115] Constraints for mining with sidewall coal backfilling under complex coal seam conditions:

[0116] The thickness of the coal seam on the side is 27m, so a layered mining method is required;

[0117] Based on the existing equipment capacity of the sidewall mining machine, the mining height range needs to be 3.0m-5.5m, the mining tunnel width needs to be 2.0m-6.0m, and the mining tunnel depth should not exceed 300m.

[0118] The mining capacity of the side-side coal mining machine shall not exceed 500,000 tons per year.

[0119] The solidification time for open-air solid waste backfill materials is 28 days.

[0120] To ensure that all side coal mining equipment can safely and orderly complete mining, loading, and transportation operations on the flatbed, sufficient working platform width must be provided.

[0121] Constraints of open-pit mining and stripping systems on side coal backfilling systems:

[0122] Some existing open-pit mining systems use internal dumping methods for soil removal.

[0123] Side slope mining affects the follow-up speed of the internal spoil heap and the layout of the open-pit mining transportation system. At the same time, the internal spoil heap tracking speed will affect the side slope mining speed.

[0124] The particle size of open-air solid waste discharge should be ≤10mm, and the production capacity of a single crushing system should be ≤200t / h.

[0125] A nonlinear optimization model for side-side backfilling mining and existing open-pit mining was established. The nonlinear optimization mathematical model was combined with a sequential quadratic programming algorithm to obtain the key parameters for side-side coal mining-backfilling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions: side-side mining system capacity of 500,000 tons / year and side-side backfilling system capacity of 700,000 tons / year.

[0126] Based on the key parameters of side coal mining, filling, and drainage under the above complex coal seam conditions, FLAC was used. 3D A numerical model was established using software. The model is a stepped trapezoidal model with dimensions of 800m × 300m × 200m (length × width × height). Horizontal displacement is constrained on one side of the model, and vertical displacement is constrained at the bottom. A Mohr-Coulomb model was adopted. The influence of different mining heights, mine widths, and mine lengths on the stress evolution of the post-mining coal seam slope was studied. The spatial distribution of the plastic zone and stress in the post-mining slope of the study area under different conditions was analyzed. The numerical analysis model is as follows: Figure 2 Ultimately, based on the principle of controlling the stability of open-pit slopes in complex coal seams, the optimal mining scheme for open-pit sidewall coal backfilling is determined as follows:

[0127] a. Layered mining height

[0128] The mining is carried out in five layers. The bottom four layers are mined at a height of 5.5m, while the uppermost layer's mining height is determined based on the coal seam thickness and does not exceed 5.5m.

[0129] b. Mine width

[0130] The width of the mining tunnel is 3.3m.

[0131] c. Length of the mining tunnel

[0132] The length of the mining tunnel is 280m.

[0133] d. Width of the work platform

[0134] The minimum working platform width for sidewall coal mining is determined to be 80m.

[0135] e. Cemented backing material is used as the backing material for sidewall coal backfilling mining. The designed advance distance per cycle is 26m. Within this area, it is divided into 8 strips at 3.3m intervals, with a mining height of 5.5m, and all areas are backfilled. After the mining and backfilling operations are completed, material and soil are unloaded and removed from the sidewalls of this area to prepare the working platform space for the next layer of mining. The above steps are repeated to complete the "mining, backfilling, and dumping" process flow for layered sidewall coal backfilling mining.

[0136] This collaborative method establishes a nonlinear optimization model for side-side backfilling mining and existing open-pit mining production. It combines this nonlinear optimization mathematical model with a sequential quadratic programming algorithm to obtain key parameters for side-side coal mining-backfilling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions. Based on the principle of controlling the stability of open-pit slopes in complex coal seams, it determines the optimal scheme for side-side backfilling mining. This process significantly reduces the spatiotemporal interference between existing open-pit mining and side-side backfilling mining, greatly minimizing the impact of side-side mining on the follow-up speed of the internal waste dump and the layout of the open-pit mining transportation system. It ensures the relative consistency between the internal waste dump tracking speed and the side-side mining speed, effectively preventing production downtime. This effectively solves the problem of matching side-side backfilling mining with existing open-pit mining production, enabling effective side-side mining under complex coal seam conditions, improving coal resource recovery rates, and extending the service life of open-pit mines.

[0137] Specifically, the mining and backfilling parameters obtained by this method—500,000 tons / year for sidewall mining and 690,000 tons / year for sidewall backfilling—represent the optimal sidewall coal backfilling mining volume achievable while minimizing the mutual interference between endwall mining and the follow-up speed of the internal spoil heap and the layout of the open-pit mining transportation system. This significantly avoids the drawbacks of low efficiency and low returns associated with traditional sidewall backfilling mining due to open-pit mining and internal spoil heaping. It effectively extends the service life of open-pit mines and reduces resource waste in open-pit coal mines.

[0138] The foregoing description, with reference to preferred embodiments, details an exemplary implementation of the spatiotemporal coordination method and system for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions proposed in this invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made to the above specific embodiments without departing from the concept of this invention, and various combinations can be made to the various technical features and structures proposed in this invention without exceeding the protection scope of this invention, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A spatiotemporal coordination method for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S10: Analyze the occurrence characteristics of complex coal seams in open-pit coal mines, design backfilling mining methods to match different types of side coal in open-pit coal mines, obtain the constraint factors of side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions, and combine the existing mining system of open-pit coal mines to give the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system. S20: Analyze and determine the decision variables for side-side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, establish a nonlinear optimization model for side-side coal filling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combine the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with a sequential quadratic programming algorithm, and find the optimal solution through iterative optimization to obtain the key parameters of side-side coal mining-filling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions; specifically, combining the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with a sequential quadratic programming algorithm to find the optimal solution through iterative optimization includes the following steps: S21: Determine the objective function: side-side coal filling mining system capacity. and constraint functions for mining side coal filling under complex coal seam conditions The constraint function of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system S22: The optimization objective is determined to be maximizing the capacity of the backfilling mining system, i.e. =h k l t1 ρ; where h is the height of the mining tunnel, k is the width of the mining tunnel, which are limited by the height and width of the side coal mining machine, l is the daily advance distance of the side coal mining machine, t1 is the annual working days, and ρ is the density of the filling body; S23: Using the sequential quadratic algorithm, the complex nonlinear optimization problem is decomposed into several easier-to-solve quadratic programming problems; S24: Solve this quadratic programming problem, and use the solution as the direction of the next iteration. Through this step, an approximate solution of the original objective function is obtained. This process is repeated to continuously improve the fitting degree between the solution and the objective function solution, thereby obtaining the optimal solution required by the original objective function; S30: Construct a numerical model for backfilling mining of side coal seams under complex conditions. Simulate different mining schemes with backfilling mining sequence, mining tunnel height, mining tunnel width, mining tunnel length, and backfilling timing through the numerical model to determine the optimal mining-backfilling-drainage key parameters and study the open-pit slope instability and failure characteristics under different side coal backfilling mining parameters. S40: Based on the determined optimal scheme for open-pit coal backfilling mining, obtain the spatial arrangement relationship between the existing open-pit mining and backfilling mining working faces, and thus determine the spatiotemporal coordination scheme of mining-backfilling-drainage based on slope stability control.

2. The spatiotemporal coordination method for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S10, the constraints on side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions include side coal occurrence conditions, vertical backfilling sequence, number of backfilling layers, mine height, mine width, mine length, side coal mining machine capacity, backfilling speed, and backfilling material solidification time; the constraints on the side coal backfilling system of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system include the advance speed of the open-pit mining and stripping working face, the internal drainage follow-up speed, the exposure time of the side coal bench, and the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system.

3. The spatiotemporal coordination method for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S22, the filling and mining system reaches its maximum capacity. The constraint function must be satisfied, and the conditions of the constraint function are as follows: ， In the formula, the inequality represents nonlinear relationship constraints, p refers to the number of constraint variables for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions, s refers to the number of constraint variables of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system; e is the daily mining capacity of the side coal mining machine, which depends on the mining capacity of the side coal mining machine equipment; v1 is the backfilling speed, which depends on the capacity of the existing backfilling equipment; t2 is the solidification time of the backfilling material; v2 is the advance speed of the open-pit coal mining and stripping working face, which depends on the capacity of the open-pit coal mining and stripping equipment; v3 is the internal discharge follow-up speed; c is the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system, which is determined by the capacity of the solid waste crushing system. Among them, the following conditions must be met for the daily mining capacity e of the sidewall mining machine, the height h of the mining chamber, the width k of the mining chamber, the filling speed v1, the advance speed v2 of the open-pit coal mine stripping working side, the internal discharge follow-up speed v3, the capacity c of the open-pit solid waste crushing system, and the daily advance distance l of the sidewall mining machine: 。 4. The spatiotemporal coordination method for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S23 specifically includes: First, the nonlinear constraint function is used to define the complex coal seam conditions and the constraint function for side coal filling mining. The constraint function of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system The simplified form is as follows: ， ， Secondly, select the iteration point. Using Taylor expansion, the objective function is filled to maximize mining capacity. At the iteration point Simplifying the expression into a quadratic function, we obtain the following quadratic programming problem: 。 5. The spatiotemporal coordination method for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S30, the study of open-pit slope instability and failure characteristics under different side coal backfilling mining parameters includes: Based on the obtained key parameters for mining, filling, and drainage of coal seams under complex conditions, FLAC was used. 3D The software simulates the mining of single coal seams and multi-coal seams under different filling mining conditions. It analyzes the factors such as different filling mining sequences, coal and rock mass strength, geometry of mining chambers and coal pillars, slope morphology, overburden thickness, filling strength and filling roof contact ratio, and simulates the stress evolution and plastic zone development process of the slope during mining. For multi-layered slopes, by analyzing the mining sequence of the upward and downward layers, different mining sequences may lead to different stress and deformation distributions, thus affecting the stability of the slope. The spatial arrangement of the mining tunnels directly affects the stress state and deformation characteristics of the slope; Investigating the influence of the thickness of the separation layer on the criteria for slope instability; This study investigates the impact of different numbers of layers on slope instability criteria.

6. A spatiotemporal coordination system for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions, characterized in that: include: The constraint factor acquisition unit is configured to analyze the occurrence characteristics of complex coal seams in open-pit coal mines, design backfilling mining methods that match different types of side coal in open-pit coal mines, obtain the constraint factors for backfilling mining of side coal under complex coal seam conditions, and, in conjunction with the existing mining system of open-pit coal mines, give the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system. The key parameter acquisition unit is configured to analyze and determine the decision variables for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions, establish a nonlinear optimization model for side coal backfilling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combine the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, and obtain the key parameters for side coal mining-backfilling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions. The key parameter acquisition unit includes a constraint function module, configured to determine the objective function of the sidewall backfilling mining system capacity. and constraint functions for mining side coal filling under complex coal seam conditions The constraint function of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system The optimization target module is configured to determine the optimal objective as maximizing the capacity of the backfilling mining system. =h k l t1 ρ; where h is the height of the mining tunnel, k is the width of the mining tunnel, which are limited by the height and width of the side coal mining machine, l is the daily advance distance of the side coal mining machine, t1 is the annual working days, and ρ is the density of the filling body; the quadratic programming module is configured to use a sequential quadratic algorithm to decompose the complex nonlinear optimization problem into several easier-to-solve quadratic programming problems; the optimal solution module is configured to solve this quadratic programming problem and use the solution as the direction of the next iteration. Through this step, an approximate solution of the original objective function can be obtained. Repeated execution continuously improves the fitting degree between the solution and the objective function solution, thereby obtaining the optimal solution required by the original objective function; The instability and failure characteristic unit is configured to construct a numerical model for backfilling mining of side coal seams under complex conditions. The numerical model simulates different mining schemes with backfilling mining sequence, mining tunnel height, mining tunnel width, mining tunnel length, and backfilling timing to determine the optimal mining-backfilling-drainage key parameters and study the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different backfilling mining parameters. The spatiotemporal coordination scheme unit is configured to obtain the spatial arrangement relationship between the existing open-pit mining and side-side backfilling mining working faces based on the determined optimal scheme for open-pit side-side coal backfilling mining, thereby determining the spatiotemporal coordination scheme for mining-backfilling-drainage based on slope stability control.

7. The spatiotemporal coordination system for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that, The constraint factor acquisition unit includes constraint factors for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions and constraint factors of existing open-pit mining and stripping systems on side coal backfilling systems. Among them, constraint factors for side coal backfilling mining under complex coal seam conditions include side coal occurrence conditions, vertical backfilling sequence, number of layered backfilling layers, mine height, mine width, mine length, side coal mining machine mining capacity, backfilling speed, and backfilling material solidification time. Constraint factors of existing open-pit mining and stripping systems on side coal backfilling systems include open-pit coal mine stripping working face advancement speed, internal drainage follow-up speed, side coal bench exposure time, and open-pit solid waste crushing system capacity.

8. The spatiotemporal coordination system for mining, filling, and draining coal seams under complex conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that, The quadratic programming module includes: The linear function module is configured to handle complex coal seam conditions and sidewall coal filling mining constraints under nonlinear constraint functions. The constraint function of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal backfilling system The simplified form is as follows: ， ， The quadratic function module is configured to select iteration points. Using Taylor expansion, the objective function is filled to maximize mining capacity. At the iteration point Simplifying the expression into a quadratic function, we obtain the following quadratic programming problem: 。

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