Vehicle control method, device and equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle control method, device and equipment, a vehicle is provided with a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module is electrically connected with an energy storage system of the vehicle, the photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of battery pieces, and the method comprises the following steps: for each battery piece in the photovoltaic module, obtaining an algebraic expression representing exchange heat of each surface of the battery piece, the light absorption heat of the battery piece is obtained, and the battery temperature of the battery piece is determined based on the algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of each surface of the battery piece and the light absorption heat of the battery piece; determining working parameters of the photovoltaic module based on the battery temperature of each battery piece in the photovoltaic module; and controlling the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system based on the working parameters of the photovoltaic module. According to the invention, the technical problem of low accuracy of the working parameters of the photovoltaic module is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of vehicles, and particularly relates to a control method, device and equipment of a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] Collecting clean solar energy to increase the mileage of a vehicle is one of the key technologies that are concerned. At present, the comprehensive advantages of a crystalline silicon solar cell in life span, efficiency, stability and cost are remarkable, and thus the crystalline silicon solar cell is widely applied. Integrating the solar cell into a glass interlayer of a roof of a vehicle to form a photovoltaic module is a relatively ideal vehicle-mounted photovoltaic integration scheme.

[0003] In the prior art, the photovoltaic module is generally analyzed as a whole to determine the working parameters of the photovoltaic module, and then the photovoltaic module is controlled according to the working parameters. However, in the actual use of a vehicle, the problem often exists that the accuracy of the working parameters of the photovoltaic module is low, and thus the photovoltaic module cannot be accurately controlled, and the effect of fully utilizing green resources cannot be achieved. Therefore, the low accuracy of the working parameters of the photovoltaic module is a technical problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a control method, device and equipment of a vehicle, and solve the technical problem of low accuracy of working parameters of a photovoltaic module.

[0005] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a control method of a vehicle. The vehicle is installed with a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module is electrically connected with an energy storage system of the vehicle. The photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of solar cell pieces. The control method comprises: for each solar cell piece in the photovoltaic module, obtaining an algebraic expression representing exchanged heat of each surface of the solar cell piece, and obtaining light absorption heat of the solar cell piece; determining a cell temperature of the solar cell piece based on the algebraic expression representing the exchanged heat of each surface of the solar cell piece and the light absorption heat of the solar cell piece; determining working parameters of the photovoltaic module based on the cell temperature of each solar cell piece in the photovoltaic module; and controlling the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system based on the working parameters of the photovoltaic module.

[0006] In combination with the first aspect of the present application, in some embodiments, the determination of the cell temperature of the solar cell piece based on the algebraic expression representing the exchanged heat of each surface of the solar cell piece and the light absorption heat of the solar cell piece comprises: establishing an energy conservation equation based on the algebraic expression representing the exchanged heat of each surface of the solar cell piece, the light absorption heat, and attribute parameters of the solar cell piece, wherein the attribute parameters comprise an upper surface area of the solar cell piece, a thickness of the photovoltaic module, an average density of the photovoltaic module, and an equivalent heat capacity of the photovoltaic module; and solving the energy conservation equation to obtain the cell temperature of the solar cell piece.

[0007] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the obtaining the algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the upper surface of the battery piece comprises: obtaining an algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the battery piece with the sky through radiative heat exchange; and obtaining an algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the battery piece with the airflow outside the vehicle through convective heat exchange; the obtaining the algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the lower surface of the battery piece comprises: obtaining an algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the battery piece with the air in the cabin through thermal conduction; and the obtaining the algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the side surface of the battery piece comprises: obtaining an algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the battery piece with the adjacent battery piece through thermal conduction, and / or obtaining an algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the side surface of the battery piece with the environment in which the vehicle is located through thermal conduction.

[0008] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the obtaining the algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the upper surface of the battery piece comprises: obtaining an algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the battery piece with the sky through radiative heat exchange, and obtaining an algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the battery piece with the airflow outside the vehicle through convective heat exchange; the obtaining the algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the lower surface of the battery piece comprises: obtaining an algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the battery piece with the air in the cabin through thermal conduction; and the obtaining the algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the side surface of the battery piece comprises: obtaining an algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the battery piece with the adjacent battery piece through thermal conduction, and / or obtaining an algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the side surface of the battery piece with the environment in which the vehicle is located through thermal conduction.

[0009] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the obtaining the algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the battery piece with the sky through radiative heat exchange comprises: obtaining the emissivity of the upper layer of the photovoltaic module, the normal height angle of the upper surface of the battery piece, the sky emissivity of the sky, and the sky temperature of the sky; and determining the first algebraic expression based on the emissivity of the upper layer of the photovoltaic module, the normal height angle of the upper surface of the battery piece, the sky emissivity, the sky temperature, a temperature unknown representing the battery temperature of the battery piece, and a preset blackbody radiation constant and the area of the upper surface of the battery piece.

[0010] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the obtaining the light absorption heat of the battery piece comprises: obtaining the irradiation angle correction coefficient, the light absorption rate, and the photoelectric energy efficiency of the battery piece, and the irradiance in the environment in which the photovoltaic module is located; and determining the light absorption heat of the battery piece based on the irradiation angle correction coefficient, the light absorption rate, and the photoelectric energy efficiency of the battery piece, and the irradiance in the environment in which the photovoltaic module is located.

[0011] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the application, the working parameter comprises output power of the photovoltaic module; and the controlling the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system based on the working parameter of the photovoltaic module comprises: if the output power of the photovoltaic module is greater than a preset power threshold when the vehicle is in a stationary state, controlling the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system.

[0012] In some embodiments of the first aspect of the application, the working parameter further comprises working temperature of the photovoltaic module; and the method further comprises: after the controlling the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system, if the working temperature of the photovoltaic module is greater than a preset temperature threshold, controlling the photovoltaic module to stop charging the energy storage system.

[0013] In the second aspect of the application, an embodiment of the application provides a control device of a vehicle, the vehicle being provided with a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module being electrically connected to an energy storage system of the vehicle, the photovoltaic module comprising a plurality of cell pieces, and the device comprising: a temperature determination unit configured to acquire, for each cell piece in the photovoltaic module, an algebraic expression representing heat exchange of each surface of the cell piece, and to acquire light absorption heat of the cell piece, and to determine a cell temperature of the cell piece based on the algebraic expression representing heat exchange of each surface of the cell piece and the light absorption heat of the cell piece; a parameter determination unit configured to determine a working parameter of the photovoltaic module based on the cell temperature of each cell piece in the photovoltaic module; and a charging control unit configured to control the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system based on the working parameter of the photovoltaic module.

[0014] In the third aspect of the application, an embodiment of the application provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, and the processor implements the method of any one of the first aspect when executing the computer program.

[0015] The one or more technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the application achieve at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0016] The embodiment of the present application is aimed at each cell piece in a photovoltaic module, obtaining an algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of each surface of the cell piece, and obtaining the light absorption heat of the cell piece, determining the cell temperature of the cell piece based on the algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of each surface of the cell piece and the light absorption heat of the cell piece; determining the working parameter of the photovoltaic module based on the cell temperature of each cell piece in the photovoltaic module; and controlling the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system based on the working parameter of the photovoltaic module. The cell temperature of each cell piece is obtained through single analysis, and then the working parameter of the photovoltaic module is determined based on the cell temperature of each cell piece, that is, the cell piece of the photovoltaic module is analyzed through single analysis, instead of overall analysis of the photovoltaic module, so that the difference between the cell pieces is not considered due to overall analysis, the single information accuracy of each cell piece is ensured through single analysis, and then the accuracy of subsequent analysis of the photovoltaic module is ensured. Therefore, the accuracy of the working parameter of the photovoltaic module is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0018] Figure 1 The flow chart of the control method of the vehicle in the embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 The overall shape of the photovoltaic module in the embodiment of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram;

[0020] Figure 3 The partial schematic diagram of the exchange heat of the cell piece in the embodiment of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram;

[0021] Figure 4 Another partial schematic diagram of the exchange heat of the cell piece in the embodiment of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram;

[0022] Figure 5 The structure of the photovoltaic module in the embodiment of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram;

[0023] Figure 6 The functional module diagram of the control device of the vehicle in the embodiment of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram;

[0024] Figure 7 The structure of the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application is shown in the schematic diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] With reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described, obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0026] In the present application, the description such as "first", "second" and the like is only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or cannot be realized, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, and is not within the protection scope required by the present application.

[0027] The embodiment of the present application provides a control method of a vehicle, the vehicle is provided with a photovoltaic assembly, the photovoltaic assembly is electrically connected with an energy storage system of the vehicle, the photovoltaic assembly comprises a plurality of cell pieces, and the method comprises the following steps S101-S104: Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the method comprises the following steps S101-S104:

[0028] S101: For each cell piece in the photovoltaic assembly, an algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of each surface of the cell piece is obtained, and the light absorption heat of the cell piece is obtained.

[0029] In some embodiments, obtaining the algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of each surface of the cell piece comprises: obtaining an algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the upper surface of the cell piece; obtaining an algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the lower surface of the cell piece; and obtaining an algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the side surface of the cell piece; wherein the upper surface is the surface of the cell piece facing away from the cabin of the vehicle, the lower surface is the surface of the cell piece facing the cabin of the vehicle, and the side surface is the surface between the upper surface and the lower surface of the cell piece.

[0030] In some embodiments, obtaining the algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the upper surface of the cell piece comprises: obtaining a first algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the cell piece and the sky in radiative heat exchange, and obtaining a second algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the cell piece and the airflow outside the vehicle in convective heat exchange; obtaining the algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the lower surface of the cell piece comprises: obtaining a third algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the cell piece and the air in the cabin in heat conduction; and obtaining the algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the side surface of the cell piece comprises: obtaining a fourth algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the cell piece and the adjacent cell piece in heat conduction, and / or obtaining a fifth algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the side surface of the cell piece and the environment where the vehicle is located in heat conduction.

[0031] In some embodiments, the first algebraic equation representing the exchange heat of the battery piece and the sky is obtained, including: obtaining the emissivity of the upper layer of the photovoltaic module, the normal height angle of the upper surface of the battery piece, the sky emissivity of the sky, and the sky temperature of the sky; determining the first algebraic equation based on the emissivity of the upper layer of the photovoltaic module, the normal height angle of the upper surface of the battery piece, the sky emissivity, the sky temperature, a temperature unknown number representing the battery temperature of the battery piece, and a preset blackbody radiation constant and the upper surface area of the battery piece.

[0032] In some embodiments, the light absorption heat of the battery piece is obtained, including: obtaining the irradiation angle correction coefficient, the light absorption rate and the photoelectric energy efficiency of the battery piece, and the irradiance in the environment where the photovoltaic module is located; determining the light absorption heat of the battery piece based on the irradiation angle correction coefficient, the light absorption rate and the photoelectric energy efficiency of the battery piece, and the irradiance in the environment where the photovoltaic module is located.

[0033] It should be noted that the photovoltaic module can be any part of the vehicle that can receive solar radiation, such as the roof, the door, the window, the hood, and the trunk cover, etc. The battery piece is mainly used to convert light energy into electrical energy.

[0034] S102: determining the battery temperature of the battery piece based on the algebraic equation representing the exchange heat of each surface of the battery piece and the light absorption heat of the battery piece.

[0035] In some embodiments, the battery temperature of the battery piece is determined based on the algebraic equation representing the exchange heat of each surface of the battery piece and the light absorption heat of the battery piece, including: establishing an energy conservation equation based on the algebraic equation representing the exchange heat of each surface of the battery piece, the light absorption heat, and the attribute parameters of the battery piece, wherein the attribute parameters include the upper surface area of the battery piece, the thickness of the photovoltaic module, the average density of the photovoltaic module, and the equivalent heat capacity of the photovoltaic module; and solving the energy conservation equation to obtain the battery temperature of the battery piece.

[0036] It should be noted that the embodiment of the present application considers the exchange heat of each surface of the battery piece, including the upper surface, the lower surface and the side surface, and different forms of heat exchange are also considered for each surface, such as the upper surface, including the exchange heat of the battery piece and the sky for radiative heat exchange, and the exchange heat of the battery piece and the air flow outside the vehicle for convective heat exchange. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application realizes comprehensive consideration of the exchange heat of the battery piece, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the energy conservation equation, and improving the accuracy of determining the battery temperature.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 as shown, Figure 2A schematic diagram of an overall shape of a photovoltaic module in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a part of heat exchange of a cell in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 4 Another schematic diagram of a part of heat exchange of a cell in an embodiment of the present application. Assuming that the photovoltaic module includes M rows and N columns of cells, M and N are integers greater than 1, and the cell side includes a first side, a second side, a third side and a fourth side, the energy conservation equation can refer to the following formula (1):

[0038]

[0039] Wherein, A cel is the upper surface area of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column, δ cel is the thickness of the photovoltaic module, p cel is the average density of the photovoltaic module, c PV is the equivalent heat capacity of the photovoltaic module. T ij is the cell temperature of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column, that is, the temperature unknown number. G represents the irradiance under the environment of the photovoltaic module, R ij is the irradiation angle correction coefficient of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column, a represents the light absorption rate, and η a represents the photoelectric energy efficiency, is the light absorption heat of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column, Q rd_T_ij is the exchange heat of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column with the sky for radiation heat exchange, Q cv_T_ij is the exchange heat of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column with the air flow outside the vehicle for convective heat exchange, Q los_B_ij is the exchange heat of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column with the air in the cabin for heat conduction; Q c_i-1 is the exchange heat of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column with the cell in the i-1-th row and the j-th column for heat conduction on the first side of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column, or the exchange heat of the side of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column with the environment of the vehicle for heat conduction; Q c_i+1 is the exchange heat of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column with the cell in the i+1-th row and the j-th column for heat conduction on the second side of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column, or the exchange heat of the side of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column with the environment of the vehicle for heat conduction; Q c_j-1 is the exchange heat of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column with the cell in the i-th row and the j-1-th column for heat conduction on the third side of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column, or the exchange heat of the side of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column with the environment of the vehicle for heat conduction; Q c_j+1 is the exchange heat of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column with the cell in the i-th row and the j+1-th column for heat conduction on the fourth side of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column, or the exchange heat of the side of the cell in the i-th row and the j-th column with the environment of the vehicle for heat conduction.

[0040] Reference Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module in an embodiment of the present application. As can be seen from the diagram, the structure of the photovoltaic module comprises upper glass, lower glass, upper POE adhesive film, lower POE adhesive film and cell sheet. Therefore, the equivalent heat capacity of the photovoltaic module needs to consider the heat capacity values of the upper glass, lower glass, upper POE adhesive film, lower POE adhesive film and cell sheet. Specifically, the equivalent heat capacity of the photovoltaic module = glass heat capacity value * glass thickness / thickness of the photovoltaic module + POE adhesive film heat capacity value * POE adhesive film thickness / thickness of the photovoltaic module + cell sheet heat capacity value * cell sheet thickness / thickness of the photovoltaic module. In the formula, the glass thickness refers to the total thickness of the upper glass and the lower glass, the POE adhesive film thickness refers to the total thickness of the upper POE adhesive film and the lower POE adhesive film, and the cell sheet can be a crystalline silicon cell sheet, and the cell sheet heat capacity value can be the heat capacity value of the crystalline silicon cell sheet. In addition, the average density of the photovoltaic module refers to the average mass possessed by the photovoltaic module per unit volume. The normal height angle of the upper surface of the cell sheet refers to the included angle between the normal line of the upper surface of the cell sheet facing the sky and the horizontal plane. The irradiation angle correction coefficient refers to the correction coefficient of the irradiation angle of the cell sheet, and the irradiation angle of the cell sheet refers to the included angle between the normal height angle of the upper surface of the cell sheet and the solar elevation angle.

[0041] The following will continue to be described in combination with formula (1). The first algebraic expression can refer to formula (2) as follows, the second algebraic expression can refer to formula (3) as follows, and the third algebraic expression can refer to formula (4) as follows:

[0042]

[0043] Q cv_T_ij = h t A cel (T ij -T a ) (3);

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, σ represents the blackbody radiation constant, is the normal height angle of the upper surface of the cell sheet at the i-th row and the j-th column, ε T represents the emissivity of the upper layer of the photovoltaic module, ε sk represents the sky emissivity, T sk represents the sky temperature, wherein T sk may be equal to 0.0552 (T a ) 1.5 , and T a is the ambient temperature of the environment where the vehicle is located. h tFor heat exchange coefficient, the heat exchange coefficient is related to the relative air flow rate, considering the vehicle stop or driving condition, h t may be equal to 5.4+1.2v f , wherein v f represents the relative wind speed. T c represents the cabin temperature of the vehicle, δ gb represents the thickness of the lower glass, δ poe represents the thickness of the lower POE film, λ gb represents the thermal conductivity of the lower glass, λ poe represents the thermal conductivity of the lower POE film. In addition, the precondition for formula (4) to hold, can be assumed that the cell layer of the photovoltaic module is completely blocked, and the heat generated by the lower POE film and the lower glass caused by the light transmission through the gap is ignored.

[0046] The following will continue to be described in combination with formula (1), the fourth generation formula can refer to the following formula (5)-(8), and the fifth generation formula can refer to the following formula (9)-(12):

[0047]

[0048] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 , l c represents the length of the i-th row and j-th column cell piece, b c represents the width of the i-th row and j-th column cell piece, δ c represents the distance between the cell pieces, δ l represents the length of the row edge of the photovoltaic module, δ b represents the length of the column edge of the photovoltaic module, T (i-1)j represents the cell temperature of the i-1-th row and j-th column cell piece, T (i+1)j represents the cell temperature of the i+1-th row and j-th column cell piece, T i(j+1) represents the cell temperature of the i-th row and j+1-th column cell piece, T i(j-1) represents the cell temperature of the i-th row and j-1-th column cell piece.

[0049] It should be noted that the selection of the fourth generation formula and the fifth generation formula is different for cell pieces at different positions, which will be described below in combination with formula (5)-(12), and reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 , for example, assuming that i=1 and j=1, then the first side and the third side of the first row and the first column cell piece do not exist adjacent cell pieces, and the second side and the fourth side of the first row and the first column cell piece exist adjacent cell pieces, then Q c_i-1 is the heat exchange between the side of the first row and the first column cell piece and the environment where the vehicle is located, which is determined by selecting formula (9); Q c_i+1The heat exchange quantity Q for heat conduction between the battery piece in the first row and the first column and the battery piece in the second row and the first column is determined by selecting formula (6). c_j-1 The heat exchange quantity Q for heat conduction between the side surface of the battery piece in the first row and the first column and the environment of the vehicle is determined by selecting formula (11). c_j+1 The heat exchange quantity Q for heat conduction between the battery piece in the first row and the first column and the battery piece in the first row and the second column is determined by selecting formula (7). c_i-1 The heat exchange quantity Q for heat conduction between the side surface of the battery piece in the third row and the fourth column and the battery piece in the second row and the fourth column is determined by selecting formula (5). c_i+1 The heat exchange quantity Q for heat conduction between the battery piece in the third row and the fourth column and the battery piece in the fourth row and the fourth column is determined by selecting formula (6). c_j-1 The heat exchange quantity Q for heat conduction between the side surface of the battery piece in the third row and the fourth column and the battery piece in the third row and the third column is determined by selecting formula (8). c_j+1 The heat exchange quantity Q for heat conduction between the battery piece in the third row and the fourth column and the battery piece in the third row and the fifth column is determined by selecting formula (7).

[0050] It should be noted that the present embodiment realizes the differentiation of different forms of heat exchange quantity by formulas (5) to (12), including the heat exchange quantity for heat conduction between battery pieces and the heat exchange quantity for heat conduction between battery pieces and the environment, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the energy conservation equation and improving the accuracy of determining the battery temperature.

[0051] The solving process of R ij in formula (1) is described below in combination with formulas (13) to (19).

[0052] Considering that the normal angle of the battery piece plane of each component unit is different due to different positions on the roof curve, it is assumed that on the horizontal plane, the azimuth angle of the vehicle is θ v , and the azimuth angle of the vehicle refers to the angle of the straight line running direction of the vehicle clockwise from the north end of the standard direction, and the standard direction can be the north direction. The component of the normal line of the upper surface of the battery piece in the i-th row and the j-th column projected on the horizontal plane and the clockwise angle with the y-axis of the vehicle running horizontal plane is denoted by θ ij , and the y-axis refers to the straight line running direction of the vehicle. The normal height angle of the upper surface of the battery piece in the i-th row and the j-th column is denoted by θ , and then the normal angle of the plane of each battery piece in the direction in which the vehicle runs with the azimuth angle θ v can be represented by two component azimuth angles (θ v , θ ij) and the elevation angle The vector composed of the azimuth angle

[0053]

[0054] Equation (13) can be simplified as equation (14) as follows, the solar incident angle can be expressed by two components (azimuth angle azimuth angle ir The vector composed of the azimuth angle

[0055]

[0056] Equation (15) can be simplified as equation (16) as follows, the angle formed by the solar incident light and each cell is denoted as ij , the cosine value of ij , the complete expression of the cosine value of ij can be referred to as equation (18) as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Only the angle in the case of sunrise is considered, so The angle between the light beam and the incident plane is related to the cosine of the angle, so equation (19) can be obtained, and the above equations (13) to (18) can be combined and substituted into equation (19) to obtain R ij :

[0059] R ij = [1-R(0)]cos ij (19);

[0060] Wherein, R(0) represents the light absorption loss coefficient of the photovoltaic module after packaging under standard conditions.

[0061] S103: Determine the working parameters of the photovoltaic module based on the cell temperature of each cell in the photovoltaic module.

[0062] In some embodiments, determining the working parameters of the photovoltaic module based on the cell temperature of each cell in the photovoltaic module comprises: determining the working temperature of the photovoltaic module based on the cell temperature of each cell in the photovoltaic module; determining the output power of the photovoltaic module based on the working temperature of the photovoltaic module; wherein the working parameters of the photovoltaic module include the output power of the photovoltaic module and the working temperature of the photovoltaic module.

[0063] It should be noted that, based on the cell temperature of each cell piece in the photovoltaic module, the working temperature of the photovoltaic module can be determined by taking the average of the cell temperature of each cell piece in the photovoltaic module as the working temperature of the photovoltaic module.

[0064] S104: Control the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system based on the working parameter of the photovoltaic module.

[0065] In some embodiments, the control of the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system based on the working parameter of the photovoltaic module can include: when the vehicle is in a stationary state, if the output power of the photovoltaic module is greater than a preset power threshold, controlling the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system.

[0066] It should be noted that the above-mentioned stationary state can be replaced by a driving state, but when the vehicle is driving, the vehicle power system (such as the engine, motor), electronic equipment (such as ECU, sensor) will generate a complex electromagnetic environment, which may interfere with the stable operation of the photovoltaic module, and even cause a fault. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application limits charging when the vehicle is in a stationary state, and the electromagnetic interference is significantly reduced, thereby improving the operation stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0067] In some embodiments, the energy storage system includes a power battery and a storage battery of the vehicle, and then if the output power of the photovoltaic module is greater than a preset power threshold, the control of the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system can be: if the output power of the photovoltaic module is greater than a preset first power threshold, controlling the photovoltaic module to charge the storage battery; if the output power of the photovoltaic module is greater than a preset second power threshold, controlling the photovoltaic module to charge the power battery; wherein the first power threshold is less than the second power threshold; and the preset power threshold includes the first power threshold and the second power threshold.

[0068] It should be noted that, since the rated power of the storage battery and the power battery is not the same, the output power of the photovoltaic module is distinguished, so that the photovoltaic module can better charge the energy storage system, and the charging efficiency of the photovoltaic module is improved.

[0069] In some embodiments, after the control of the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system, it can further include: if the working temperature of the photovoltaic module is greater than a preset temperature threshold, controlling the photovoltaic module to stop charging the energy storage system.

[0070] It should be noted that high temperature not only affects the photovoltaic module, but also increases the failure rate of inverters, cables and other electrical equipment. The performance of electronic components decreases at high temperature, and poor heat dissipation may cause overheating shutdown. The performance of cable insulation material deteriorates at high temperature, which may cause short circuit or fire. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application limits the stop working at high temperature to avoid damage to the photovoltaic module, and improves the operation stability and reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0071] It should be noted that after the working parameters of the photovoltaic module are obtained, the power battery and the photovoltaic module of the vehicle can be controlled to jointly supply power to the vehicle, specifically as follows:

[0072] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module is electrically connected with the power system of the vehicle, and the control method of the vehicle can further include: if the output power of the photovoltaic module is greater than a preset third power threshold, and the power battery supplies power to the power system, controlling the photovoltaic module to supply power to the power system; wherein the third power threshold is greater than the second power threshold.

[0073] It should be noted that in the case that the output power of the photovoltaic module is large, the photovoltaic module and the power battery jointly supply power to the vehicle, which can increase the cruising range of the vehicle.

[0074] It should be noted that collecting clean solar energy to increase the cruising range of the vehicle is one of the key technologies that are concerned. At present, crystalline silicon solar cells have been widely used due to their comprehensive advantages in life, efficiency, stability, cost and the like. Integrating solar cell pieces in the glass interlayer of the roof of the vehicle to form a vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module is a relatively ideal vehicle-mounted photovoltaic integration scheme. On the one hand, the roof is in a good light condition, which is conducive to power generation of the solar cell pieces, and on the other hand, the glass of the roof of the vehicle and the EVA layer are combined to provide good sealing and support for the crystalline silicon cell pieces, and meanwhile, the glass of the roof of the vehicle and the EVA layer have the functions of waterproofing, dustproofing, insulation, resistance to external force impact and endurance to driving vibration, thereby effectively protecting the crystalline silicon glass pieces and ensuring the normal service life. However, due to the design of the shape of the vehicle, the low-drag appearance design and the requirement for the driver's cabin, the glass of the roof of the vehicle is usually a hyperbolic structure. Unlike the photovoltaic module for industrial power generation, the outer side of the glass of the roof of the vehicle is in contact with air, but the inner side is in contact with air in the relatively sealed vehicle cabin. In addition, unlike the photovoltaic module for industrial power generation, the vehicle usually travels, and its speed and direction change frequently. The above-mentioned roof glass photovoltaic module is different in shape, use environment and application working condition, which brings the following challenges to the calculation of the temperature model of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic module: 1. The turning of the vehicle causes the incident angle to change frequently, and the hyperbolic surface of the vehicle may not have symmetry along the X direction or the Y direction, and the direction of the vehicle and the height and azimuth of the sunlight all comprehensively affect the light absorption of the roof photovoltaic module. 2. The curved surface causes obvious differences in light absorption rate of each local cell piece. 3. The outer side of the roof photovoltaic module is subjected to convective heat exchange and radiative heat exchange, while the inner side is subjected to thermal conduction and thermal radiation exchange, and the heat exchange mechanism characteristics of the front and back sides are different from those of the ground industrial photovoltaic module. 4. There are differences in the temperature change process, thereby causing differences in local thermal equilibrium characteristics. 5. The light condition, vehicle speed and direction all change frequently, and there are non-steady-state characteristics in the whole or in the local part. In view of the above problems, the embodiments of the present application propose to analyze the cell pieces individually, and then solve the above problems.

[0075] It should be noted that the battery piece can be installed in the upper and lower layers of the sky screen, and the POE adhesive film is laid between the battery piece and the upper and lower glass to form a vehicle-mounted photovoltaic assembly. The battery piece can adopt JTPV brand, and the model can be 182M-10D11. The battery monomer adopts TOPcon process, the individual size can be 200mm*93mm, the arrangement mode can be 6 rows and 16 columns of battery pieces and series connection.

[0076] It should be noted that each battery piece is a very thin crystalline silicon piece, and bending is easy to cause cracks or breakage, so the upper and lower glass interlayer maintains a certain thickness space, and after the POE adhesive film is hot filled, each battery piece monomer remains flat. In the assembly area formed by each battery monomer, ignoring the local arc of the upper and lower glass, the area within this assembly unit can be regarded as a plane, so the photovoltaic assembly is divided into a plurality of unit components with different angles, and each unit has a flat feature. From the perspective of the unit assembly area formed by each monomer battery piece area, its top receives solar radiation, and at the same time exchanges heat with the outside in the form of convection and radiation. Its back is in contact with the air in the cabin, and the heat loss of the assembly is related to the temperature in the cabin. Due to the difference in the incident angle and the absorption of sunlight of each piece of glass, there will also be heat conduction between the battery pieces of each unit in the wall thickness direction. The outermost edge of the wall thickness contacts the groove structure of the vehicle body panel piece, which is filled with adhesive tape, but there is a gap, so it is regarded as being in contact with the air. Assuming that the wind force contacting each unit photovoltaic assembly on the top surface is uniform, the gap area between the battery pieces is a non-power generation area, but the absorption of light and the heat exchange characteristics are regarded as uniform. According to the above discussion, the unit cell thermal model divided by the battery piece monomer area can be referred to as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the unit cell dynamic thermal model, the temperature change of the unit cell composed of each monomer solar cell of the assembly is caused by the heat gained or lost by the unit cell. In equation (1), the left and right sides of the equation represent the total heat gained or lost by the battery piece.

[0077] The embodiment of the present application is characterized in that, for each cell in the photovoltaic module, an algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of each surface of the cell is obtained, and the light absorption heat of the cell is obtained, and based on the algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of each surface of the cell and the light absorption heat of the cell, the cell temperature of the cell is determined; based on the cell temperature of each cell in the photovoltaic module, the working parameter of the photovoltaic module is determined; and based on the working parameter of the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module is controlled to charge the energy storage system. Each cell is analyzed to obtain the cell temperature, and then the working parameter of the photovoltaic module is determined based on the cell temperature of each cell, that is, the cells of the photovoltaic module are analyzed individually, rather than the photovoltaic module as a whole, so that the difference between the individual cells is not considered due to the overall analysis, the accuracy of the individual information of each cell is ensured through the individual analysis, and the accuracy of the subsequent analysis of the photovoltaic module is ensured. Therefore, the accuracy of the working parameter of the photovoltaic module is improved.

[0078] Based on the same inventive concept, referring to Figure 6 The embodiment of the present application provides a control device 10 of a vehicle, the vehicle is provided with a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module is electrically connected with an energy storage system of the vehicle, the photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of cells, and the control device 10 of the vehicle comprises: a temperature determination unit 110, which is used for, for each cell in the photovoltaic module, obtaining an algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of each surface of the cell, and obtaining the light absorption heat of the cell, and determining the cell temperature of the cell based on the algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of each surface of the cell and the light absorption heat of the cell; a parameter determination unit 120, which is used for determining the working parameter of the photovoltaic module based on the cell temperature of each cell in the photovoltaic module; and a charging control unit 130, which is used for controlling the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system based on the working parameter of the photovoltaic module.

[0079] It can be understood that the temperature determination unit 110 comprises: a solving sub-unit, which is used for establishing an energy conservation equation based on the algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of each surface of the cell, the light absorption heat, and attribute parameters of the cell, wherein the attribute parameters comprise the upper surface area of the cell, the thickness of the photovoltaic module, the average density of the photovoltaic module, and the equivalent heat capacity of the photovoltaic module; and the energy conservation equation is solved to obtain the cell temperature of the cell.

[0080] It can be understood that the temperature determination unit 110 further comprises: an algebraic expression obtaining sub-unit, which is used for obtaining the algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the upper surface of the cell; obtaining the algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the lower surface of the cell; and obtaining the algebraic expression representing the heat exchange of the side surface of the cell; wherein the upper surface is the surface of the cell facing away from the cabin of the vehicle, the lower surface is the surface of the cell facing the cabin of the vehicle, and the side surface is the surface between the upper surface and the lower surface of the cell.

[0081] It can be understood that the algebraic expression acquisition subunit is specifically configured to: acquire a first algebraic expression representing an exchange heat of the battery piece and the sky in radiative heat exchange, and acquire a second algebraic expression representing an exchange heat of the battery piece and an air flow outside the vehicle in convective heat exchange; acquire a third algebraic expression representing an exchange heat of the battery piece and the air in the cabin in heat conduction; acquire a fourth algebraic expression representing an exchange heat of the battery piece and an adjacent battery piece in heat conduction, and / or acquire a fifth algebraic expression representing an exchange heat of a side surface of the battery piece and an environment in which the vehicle is located in heat conduction.

[0082] The first algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the battery piece and the sky in radiative heat exchange includes: acquiring an emissivity of an upper layer of the photovoltaic module, a normal height angle of an upper surface of the battery piece, a sky emissivity of the sky, and a sky temperature of the sky; and determining the first algebraic expression based on the emissivity of the upper layer of the photovoltaic module, the normal height angle of the upper surface of the battery piece, the sky emissivity, the sky temperature, a temperature unknown number representing a battery temperature of the battery piece, and a preset blackbody radiation constant and an upper surface area of the battery piece. The light absorption heat of the battery piece includes: acquiring a radiation angle correction coefficient of the battery piece, a light absorption rate, and a photoelectric energy efficiency, and an irradiance in an environment in which the photovoltaic module is located; and determining the light absorption heat of the battery piece based on the radiation angle correction coefficient of the battery piece, the light absorption rate, and the photoelectric energy efficiency, and the irradiance in the environment in which the photovoltaic module is located.

[0083] It can be understood that the working parameters include an output power of the photovoltaic module; and the charge control unit 130 is specifically configured to: when the vehicle is in a stationary state, if the output power of the photovoltaic module is greater than a preset power threshold, control the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system.

[0084] It can be understood that the working parameters further include a working temperature of the photovoltaic module; and the control device 10 of the vehicle further includes a stop control unit configured to: after controlling the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system, if the working temperature of the photovoltaic module is greater than a preset temperature threshold, control the photovoltaic module to stop charging the energy storage system.

[0085] It should be understood that more implementation details of the control device 10 of the vehicle in the embodiment of the present application are described with reference to the foregoing control method of the vehicle, and for the sake of brevity of the description, will not be repeated here.

[0086] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present application also provide an electronic device, as shown in Figure 7 The processor 702 executes the program to implement the steps of any embodiment of the control method of the vehicle.

[0087] The processor 702 executes the program to implement the steps of any embodiment of the control method of the vehicle. Figure 7In particular embodiments, bus architecture (represented generally by the bus 700) can include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, the bus 700 linking together various circuits such as one or more processors represented by the processor 702, and memory represented by the memory 704. The bus 700 can also link together various other circuits which can include, among other things, peripheral devices, voltage stabilizers and power management circuits, all of which are well known in the art, and therefore, not further described herein. The bus interface 705 provides an interface between the bus 700, the receiver 701, and the transmitter 703. The receiver 701 and the transmitter 703 can be the same component, i.e., a transceiver, providing a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. The processor 702 is responsible for managing the bus 700 and general processing, while the memory 704 can be used for storing data used by the processor 702 in executing operational processes.

[0088] The functions described herein can be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions can be stored on or transferred over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described above can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions can also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. Also, as technology evolves, the "functionalities" described herein can be implemented by various combinations of digital and analog circuits.

[0089] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology can be implemented in other manners. The described device embodiments are merely illustrative, and the division of units can be different from the above. For example, the units can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections can be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, and can be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0090] The units described as separate components can or can not be physically separate, and the components of the control device can or can not be physical units, i.e., can be located in one place or distributed on multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purposes of the embodiments.

[0091] The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application, essentially or in other words, the part that contributes to the prior art or the whole or part of the technical solutions can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), a random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and various media that can store program codes.

[0092] The above only describes the embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A control method of a vehicle, characterized by, A vehicle is provided with a photovoltaic assembly electrically connected to an energy storage system of the vehicle, the photovoltaic assembly comprising a plurality of cell pieces, and a control method comprises: For each cell piece in the photovoltaic assembly, an algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of each surface of the cell piece is obtained, and the light absorption heat of the cell piece is obtained, and based on the algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of each surface of the cell piece and the light absorption heat of the cell piece, the cell temperature of the cell piece is determined; Based on the cell temperature of each cell piece in the photovoltaic assembly, the working parameter of the photovoltaic assembly is determined; Based on the working parameter of the photovoltaic assembly, the photovoltaic assembly is controlled to charge the energy storage system.

2. The control method of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized by The determination of the cell temperature of the cell piece based on the algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of each surface of the cell piece and the light absorption heat of the cell piece comprises: Based on the algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of each surface of the cell piece, the light absorption heat, and the attribute parameters of the cell piece, an energy conservation equation is established, wherein the attribute parameters include the upper surface area of the cell piece, the thickness of the photovoltaic assembly, the average density of the photovoltaic assembly, and the equivalent heat capacity of the photovoltaic assembly; The energy conservation equation is solved to obtain the cell temperature of the cell piece.

3. The control method of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized by The obtaining of the algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of each surface of the cell piece comprises: Obtaining an algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the upper surface of the cell piece; obtaining an algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the lower surface of the cell piece; and obtaining an algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the side surface of the cell piece; Wherein, the upper surface is the surface of the cell piece facing away from the cabin of the vehicle, the lower surface is the surface of the cell piece facing the cabin of the vehicle, and the side surface is the surface between the upper surface and the lower surface of the cell piece.

4. The control method of the vehicle according to claim 3, wherein The obtaining of the algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the upper surface of the cell piece comprises: obtaining a first algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the cell piece with the sky in radiative heat exchange, and obtaining a second algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the cell piece with the airflow outside the vehicle in convective heat exchange; The obtaining of the algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the lower surface of the cell piece comprises: obtaining a third algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the cell piece with the air in the cabin in heat conduction; The obtaining of the algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the side surface of the cell piece comprises: obtaining a fourth algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the cell piece with the adjacent cell piece in heat conduction, and / or obtaining a fifth algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the side surface of the cell piece with the environment in which the vehicle is located in heat conduction.

5. The control method of a vehicle according to claim 4, characterized by The obtaining of the first algebraic expression representing the exchange heat of the cell piece with the sky in radiative heat exchange comprises: Obtaining the emissivity of the upper layer of the photovoltaic assembly, the normal height angle of the upper surface of the cell piece, the sky emissivity of the sky, and the sky temperature of the sky; The first algebraic equation is determined based on the emissivity of the upper layer of the photovoltaic module, the normal height angle of the upper surface of the cell, the emissivity of the sky, the temperature of the sky, a temperature unknown number representing the cell temperature of the cell, and a preset blackbody radiation constant and the area of the upper surface of the cell.

6. The control method of a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized by The light absorption heat of the cell is obtained by: obtaining the irradiation angle correction coefficient, light absorption rate and photoelectric energy efficiency of the cell, and the irradiance in the environment where the photovoltaic module is located; determining the light absorption heat of the cell based on the irradiation angle correction coefficient, light absorption rate and photoelectric energy efficiency of the cell, and the irradiance in the environment where the photovoltaic module is located.

7. The control method of a vehicle according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by, The working parameters include the output power of the photovoltaic module; and the control of the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system based on the working parameters of the photovoltaic module includes: When the vehicle is in a stationary state, if the output power of the photovoltaic module is greater than a preset power threshold, the photovoltaic module is controlled to charge the energy storage system.

8. The control method of a vehicle according to claim 7, characterized by The working parameters also include the working temperature of the photovoltaic module; and after the control of the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system, it also includes: If the working temperature of the photovoltaic module is greater than a preset temperature threshold, the photovoltaic module is controlled to stop charging the energy storage system.

9. A control device of a vehicle characterized by comprising: A vehicle is provided with a photovoltaic module, which is electrically connected to an energy storage system of the vehicle, and the photovoltaic module includes a plurality of cells. The device includes: A temperature determination unit is configured to obtain, for each cell in the photovoltaic module, an algebraic equation representing the exchange heat of each surface of the cell, and obtain the light absorption heat of the cell, and determine the cell temperature of the cell based on the algebraic equation representing the exchange heat of each surface of the cell and the light absorption heat of the cell. A parameter determination unit is configured to determine the working parameters of the photovoltaic module based on the cell temperature of each cell in the photovoltaic module. A charging control unit is configured to control the photovoltaic module to charge the energy storage system based on the working parameters of the photovoltaic module.

10. An electronic device, comprising: It includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the method of any one of claims 1-8.

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