Atmospheric environment salt mist concentration real-time monitoring device and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of atmospheric environment particulate matter monitoring, and particularly relates to an atmospheric environment salt mist concentration real-time monitoring device and method. The monitoring device comprises a computer control module, a container and a buoy, a conductivity electrode, a temperature sensor, a displacement sensor, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe are integrated on the top of the container, and the air outlet pipe is connected with a reciprocating cylinder with a piston and a limit switch. The monitoring method comprises the following steps: calibrating the initial volume V < initial > of liquid and the volume V < initial > of a reciprocating cylinder; circularly collecting the conductivity k0 and k1, the temperature T0 and T1 and the displacement D and Dtotal of the buoy before and after ventilation; correcting the salt mass increment delta M through the dynamic volume, and finally outputting the salt mist concentration C; according to the invention, the defects of inaccurate ventilation volume metering, solution density change and interference of moisture in high-humidity air on concentration monitoring in the prior art are overcome, full-automatic continuous monitoring of the salt mist concentration is realized, the measurement error is effectively reduced, the measurement precision and the monitoring capability are remarkably improved, and the method has relatively good environmental adaptability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of atmospheric environmental particulate matter monitoring, and particularly relates to a device and method for real-time monitoring of atmospheric environmental salt mist concentration. BACKGROUND

[0002] Currently, there are mainly two kinds of real-time monitoring technologies for salt mist concentration. One is to use real-time collection of salt water solution to determine the salt mist concentration in the air, for example, the traditional salt mist test chamber uses periodic collection of salt solution as the basis for salt mist control. A small open container (such as a beaker with a diameter of about 80 mm) is placed in the salt mist test chamber. If the salt solution in the open container reaches 1-3 ml per hour, it is considered that the salt mist spray amount or concentration meets the requirements, otherwise the size of the salt mist nozzle is adjusted. The other is to use conductivity and potential difference detection technology to calculate the salt mist concentration in the atmospheric environment, for example, the document CN113484395A discloses a device and method for real-time monitoring of chloride ion concentration in air, the document CN110426331A discloses a device and method for testing atmospheric environmental salt mist concentration, and the patent CN114994143B discloses a method for online regulation of chloride ion concentration in a salt mist test chamber.

[0003] Among them, the first kind of monitoring salt mist concentration method has poor accuracy and cannot effectively control the salt mist concentration in the salt mist test chamber in a short time. It also requires a high humidity, windless or low wind speed environment, and the monitoring environment is greatly limited. The second method mainly detects the chloride ion concentration by means of the conductivity of the salt solution, for example, pure water, air guide assembly, water guide assembly and ion concentration detection component are placed in the containing cavity. The air guide assembly is connected to the containing cavity for passing environmental air into the containing cavity at a first flow rate. The water guide assembly is connected to the containing cavity for passing pure water into the containing cavity at a second flow rate. In a unit of time, the volume of pure water passed into the containing cavity is determined, and the volume of environmental air passed in is also determined. The salt mist in the environmental air dissolves in the pure water to form a certain concentration of salt mist elution solution. The real-time potential of the salt mist elution solution is detected by the ion concentration detection component. The concentration of chloride ion in the salt mist elution solution can be calculated according to the real-time potential. Then, the concentration of sodium chloride in the air can be calculated according to the flow rate of the environmental air and the flow rate of the pure water. However, it is difficult to accurately control the amount of air extracted when using this method, and it is also difficult to accurately and real-time monitor the change of the solution amount during the measurement process, resulting in a large error in the measurement value of the salt mist concentration. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a device and method for real-time monitoring of atmospheric environmental salt mist concentration, at least to solve the problems in the background art, to improve the monitoring accuracy of salt mist concentration, and to realize continuous and long-term automatic monitoring of salt mist concentration in the air.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions: A real-time monitoring device for atmospheric environment salt mist concentration, comprising a container for containing liquid, the container is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet is used for connecting a water pump, a float is arranged in the container, and a groove is arranged on the float; a cover is detachably connected to the top of the container, the cover is provided with an electric conductivity electrode, a temperature sensor, a displacement sensor, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe; the electric conductivity electrode is used for detecting the electric conductivity of the liquid in the container, the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the liquid in the container, the probe at the lower end of the displacement sensor is located in the groove, and the displacement sensor is used for detecting the displacement of the float in the vertical direction; the lower end of the air inlet pipe is below the liquid level of the liquid in the container, the lower end of the air outlet pipe is above the liquid level of the liquid in the container, and a gas metering assembly is arranged at the upper end of the air outlet pipe, which is used for quantitatively sucking external air into the reciprocating cylinder.

[0006] Further, the gas metering assembly comprises a gas pump and a reciprocating cylinder connected in sequence at the upper end of the air outlet pipe, the reciprocating cylinder is internally provided with a piston and a limit switch, the moving distance of the piston is determined by the limit switch, the gas pump is used for sucking external air into the container through the air inlet pipe and conveying it to the inside of the reciprocating cylinder through the air outlet pipe, and under the action of the gas, the piston can move and trigger the limit switch.

[0007] Further, it further comprises a computer control module, the water outlet of the container is provided with an electric water valve, the outlet of the reciprocating cylinder is connected with an electric air valve, the displacement sensor, the electric conductivity electrode, the temperature sensor, the water pump, the gas pump, the limit switch, the electric water valve and the electric air valve are all electrically connected with the computer control module; the computer control module comprises a control unit, an acquisition unit, a storage unit and a processing unit, the control unit is used for receiving signals sent by the displacement sensor and the limit switch, and is used for opening or closing the water pump, the gas pump, the electric water valve and the electric air valve, the acquisition unit is used for acquiring displacement, electric conductivity and temperature values measured by the displacement sensor, the electric conductivity electrode and the temperature sensor, the storage unit is used for pre-storing a database and storing data collected by the acquisition unit, and the processing unit is used for calculating the salt mist concentration of the solution according to the data stored in the storage unit.

[0008] Further, the pre-stored database of the storage unit comprises an electric conductivity temperature compensation change trend table or a compensation formula, a corresponding relationship table of electric conductivity and salt solution mass percentage, a corresponding relationship table of salt solution mass percentage and salt solution density at different temperatures, a float bottom area, a float weight and a container cross-sectional area.

[0009] Further, the float is provided with a protective cover, and a plurality of mesh holes are uniformly and densely arranged on the protective cover.

[0010] Further, the water inlet is provided with a semiconductor water temperature control system, which is used for controlling the water temperature at 5-40 DEG C.

[0011] A real-time monitoring method of atmospheric environment salt fog concentration, using the monitoring device, comprising the following steps: S1, calibration before use: inject pure water or absorption liquid with a volume of V 初 into the container, and calibrate the displacement amount of the float at this time as D 初 , introduce gas into the reciprocating cylinder until the piston triggers the limit switch, and calibrate the gas intake amount as the volume V 气 of the reciprocating cylinder, empty the liquid and gas in the container and the reciprocating cylinder, and reset the piston of the reciprocating cylinder under the action of external force; S2, data acquisition: S21, inject pure water or absorption liquid into the container, and real-time monitor the displacement D of the float by the displacement sensor until D=D 初 , and the computer control module closes the water pump, at this time the volume of the liquid in the container is V 初 ; S22, the conductivity electrode detects the conductivity of the liquid, the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the liquid, the computer control module collects and stores the conductivity k0 and the temperature T0 at this time, and the conductivity reading software is cleared; S23, the computer control module opens the air pump to suck the outside air into the container liquid through the air inlet pipe, after the salt-containing air is filtered in the liquid, it enters the reciprocating cylinder through the air outlet pipe, the gas pushes the piston to move, and when the piston triggers the limit switch, the computer control module closes the air pump; S24, the conductivity electrode detects the conductivity of the liquid again, the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the liquid, the computer control module collects and stores the conductivity k1 and the temperature T1 at this time, and the displacement amount of the float is D 总 , and the conductivity reading software is cleared; S25, the computer control module opens the electric air valve to discharge the gas in the reciprocating cylinder, and the piston resets under the action of external force; S26, repeat the above steps S22-S25, that is, collect data again; S3, data processing: S31, according to the pre-stored database, compensate the conductivity k0 to the conductivity k0 ’ at 25℃, according to k0 ’ , find the corresponding salt mass percentage α0, and according to α0 and T0, find the corresponding initial density of the liquid ρ0; S32, calculate the initial salt mass M0 of the liquid before aeration, Wherein, ρ0 is the initial density of the liquid, V 初 is the initial volume of the liquid, and α0 is the initial salt mass percentage of the liquid; S33, according to the pre-stored database, the conductivity k1 is compensated to the conductivity k1 at 25℃ ’ , according to k1 ’ , the corresponding salt mass percentage α1 is found, and according to α1 and T1, the corresponding liquid density ρ1 is found; S34, the displacement D1 of the float caused by the change of the liquid density after aeration is calculated, Wherein, G is the weight of the float, ρ1 is the liquid density after aeration, g is the acceleration of gravity, and S1 is the bottom area of the float; S35, the actual volume change ΔV of the liquid after aeration is calculated, Wherein, S2 is the cross-sectional area of the container, D 总 is the actual displacement of the float after aeration, and D1 is the displacement of the float caused by the change of the liquid density; S36, the total volume V 总 of the liquid after aeration is calculated, Wherein, V is the volume change of the liquid after aeration, V 初 is the liquid volume before aeration; S37, the salt mass M1 of the liquid after aeration is calculated, Wherein, ρ1 is the liquid density after aeration, V 总 is the total volume of the liquid after aeration, and α1 is the salt mass percentage of the liquid after aeration; S38, the salt mass increment ΔM after aeration is calculated, Wherein, M1 is the salt mass of the liquid after aeration, and M0 is the salt mass of the liquid before aeration; S39, the salt mist concentration C of the external air is calculated, Wherein, ΔM is the salt mass increment after aeration, and V 气 is the volume of the air introduced.

[0012] Further, the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps: S11, the volume of V 初 of pure water or absorption liquid is measured by a volumetric flask, and the liquid is injected into the container through the water inlet, and the liquid level is located between the lower end of the air inlet pipe and the lower end of the air outlet pipe; S12, the displacement sensor detects the displacement amount of the float in the vertical direction, and the displacement amount is calibrated as the initial displacement D初 ; S13, start the air pump, make the outside air pass through the air inlet pipe, the liquid, the air outlet pipe into the reciprocating air cylinder in turn, drive the piston to approach and trigger the limit switch, then close the air pump, calibrate the intake volume of the piston from the initial position (the volume of the air cylinder is calibrated as zero) to the trigger limit switch as the air cylinder volume V 气 ; S14, empty the liquid in the container through the water outlet, empty the internal gas of the reciprocating air cylinder through the outlet, apply an external force to the piston to restore it to the initial position, and calibrate the external force as F.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following technical effects: The prior art only controls the intake volume by the air pump, and the gas volume fluctuates greatly each time sampling, which is not conducive to accurately monitoring the salt mist concentration in the air, the present application controls the intake volume of each sampling by the reciprocating air cylinder, and accurately calibrates the gas volume of each sampling by the cooperation of the piston and the limit switch, so that the air cylinder volume (V 气 ) as a fixed parameter participates in the calculation of the salt mist concentration in each monitoring period, and the error of the gas volume of each sampling can be controlled to be ≤±1%, which greatly improves the detection accuracy of the salt mist concentration; The displacement sensor is used to monitor the displacement of the float in real time, and the volume change of the solution in the container is fed back in real time by using the displacement, so that the error problem of salt content calculation caused by the volume change of the liquid in the high humidity environment detection is solved, and the influence of the density change of the solution on the liquid volume measurement is innovatively corrected, the interference of the buoyancy caused by the salt dissolution is solved, and the accuracy of the detection result is further improved; The present application effectively solves the problems of low precision, poor real-time performance and weak environmental adaptability of the traditional salt mist concentration monitoring method, adopts an intelligent computer control module, the monitoring process is automatically controlled and executed by the computer in each cycle, each cycle is short, periodic salt mist concentration data can be provided, and the method can be applied to scenes that need to monitor the salt mist concentration for a long time, continuously and automatically, such as salt mist test box, atmospheric corrosion monitoring, marine environment monitoring, industrial corrosion protection and the like. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic view of the monitoring device of the present application; In the figure: container 1, water inlet 11, water outlet 12, float 2, groove 21, protective cover 22, cover body 3, conductivity electrode 4, temperature sensor 5, displacement sensor 6, air inlet pipe 7, air outlet pipe 8, air pump 9, reciprocating air cylinder 10, piston 101, limit switch 102. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The specific embodiments are described in detail below. EMBODIMENT

[0016] As shown in Figure 1 The atmospheric environment salt fog concentration real-time monitoring device comprises a computer control module and a container 1 for containing liquid.

[0017] The top and bottom of the container 1 are respectively provided with a water inlet 11 and a water outlet 12; the water inlet 11 is connected with a water pump and a semiconductor temperature control system, the semiconductor water temperature control system is used for controlling the water temperature at 5-40 DEG C, so as to adapt to different environmental temperatures and avoid the influence of extreme temperature on the monitoring result; the water outlet 12 is provided with an electric water valve; a float 2 is placed in the container 1, the float 2 is provided with a groove 21, the float 2 is provided with a protective cover 22, the protective cover 22 is uniformly provided with a plurality of mesh holes, the protective cover 22 with mesh holes is used for protecting the float 2, which is helpful to disperse the bubbles in the liquid in the aeration process, avoids the violent shaking of the float 2 and the displacement sensor 6, and improves the detection accuracy of the displacement sensor 6.

[0018] A cover 3 is detachably connected to the top of the container 1, the cover 3 is provided with an electric conductivity electrode 4, a temperature sensor 5, a displacement sensor 6, an air inlet pipe 7 and an air outlet pipe 8; the electric conductivity electrode 4 is used for detecting the electric conductivity of the liquid in the container 1, the temperature sensor 5 is used for detecting the temperature of the liquid in the container 1, the probe at the lower end of the displacement sensor 6 is located in the groove 21, and the displacement sensor 6 is used for detecting the displacement of the float 2 in the vertical direction; the lower end of the air inlet pipe 7 is lower than the liquid level of the liquid in the container 1, the lower end of the air outlet pipe 8 is higher than the liquid level of the liquid in the container 1, and the upper end of the air outlet pipe 8 is provided with a gas metering assembly, the gas metering assembly comprises a gas pump 9 and a reciprocating air cylinder 10 connected in sequence at the upper end of the air outlet pipe 9, the reciprocating air cylinder 10 is provided with a piston 101 and a limit switch 102 inside, the moving distance of the piston 101 is determined by the limit switch 102, the gas pump 9 is used for sucking the external air into the container 1 through the air inlet pipe 7 and conveying it to the inside of the reciprocating air cylinder 10 through the air outlet pipe 8, the piston 101 can move and trigger the limit switch 102 under the action of the gas, and the outlet of the reciprocating air cylinder 10 is connected with an electric air valve.

[0019] The computer control module is electrically connected with the displacement sensor 6, the electric conductivity electrode 4, the temperature sensor 5, the water pump, the gas pump 9, the limit switch 102, the electric water valve and the electric air valve; the computer control module comprises a control unit, an acquisition unit, a storage unit and a processing unit, the control unit is used for receiving the signals sent by the displacement sensor 6 and the limit switch 102, and is used for opening or closing the water pump, the gas pump 9, the electric water valve and the electric air valve, the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the displacement, electric conductivity and temperature values measured by the displacement sensor 6, the electric conductivity electrode 4 and the temperature sensor 5, the storage unit is used for pre-storing a database and storing the data collected by the acquisition unit, and the processing unit is used for calculating the salt fog concentration of the solution according to the data stored in the storage unit.

[0020] The database pre-stored in the storage unit includes a conductivity temperature compensation variation trend table or compensation formula, a conductivity and salt solution mass percentage correspondence table, a salt solution mass percentage and salt solution density correspondence table at different temperatures, a float 2 bottom area, a float 2 weight, and a container 1 cross-sectional area; the conductivity temperature compensation formula can adopt a standard reference temperature calculation formula for compensating conductivity to 25 DEG C specified in JJG376-2007: (k 25 for compensating conductivity to 25 DEG C, k t is a conductivity value measured at a measured temperature t, β is a temperature compensation coefficient, the regulation provides that 2.0% / C is adopted, and t is a measured temperature); the conductivity and salt solution mass percentage correspondence and the salt solution mass percentage and salt solution density correspondence at different temperatures are obtained by inquiry or laboratory calibration, and are recorded into a table after being prepared into a table and being recorded into the storage unit.

[0021] A real-time atmospheric environment salt mist concentration monitoring method adopts the monitoring device and includes the following steps: S1, calibration before use: S11, measure pure water or absorption liquid by using a volumetric flask, and inject the liquid into the container 1 through the water inlet 11, so that the liquid surface is located between the lower end of the air inlet pipe 7 and the lower end of the air outlet pipe 8, the liquid submerges the detection head of the conductivity electrode 4 and the temperature sensor 5, and the liquid volume at this time is calibrated as V 初 ; S12, the float 2 is in a floating state, the displacement sensor 6 detects the displacement amount of the float 2 in the vertical direction, and the displacement amount is calibrated as an initial displacement amount D 初 ; S13, start the air pump 9, so that the external air enters the reciprocating air cylinder 10 through the air inlet pipe 7, the liquid, and the air outlet pipe 8 in turn, drives the piston 101 to approach and trigger the limit switch 102, then closes the air pump 9, and the air intake amount of the piston 101 from the initial position (the volume in the cylinder is calibrated as zero) to the triggering of the limit switch 102 is calibrated as the cylinder volume V 气 ; S14, empty the liquid in the container 1 through the water outlet 12, empty the internal gas through the outlet of the reciprocating air cylinder 10, and apply an external force to the piston 101 to restore it to the initial position, and the external force is calibrated as F; S15, store the calibrated liquid initial volume V 初 , the float initial displacement amount D 初 , the cylinder volume V 气 , and the external force F into the storage unit of the computer control module; S2, data acquisition: S21, inject pure water or absorption liquid into the container 1, the displacement sensor 6 monitors the displacement D of the float in real time until D=D 初 , the computer control module closes the water pump, at this time the volume of the liquid in the container is V 初 ; S22, the conductivity electrode 4 detects the conductivity of the liquid, the temperature sensor 5 detects the temperature of the liquid, the computer control module collects and stores the conductivity k0 and the temperature T0 at this time, and clears the conductivity reading software; S23, the computer control module opens the air pump 9, so that the outside air is sucked into the container 1 from the air inlet pipe 7, and the salt-containing air is filtered in the liquid and enters the reciprocating air cylinder 10 through the air outlet pipe 8, the gas pushes the piston 101 to move, when the piston 101 triggers the limit switch 102, the computer control module closes the air pump; S24, the conductivity electrode 4 detects the conductivity of the liquid again, the temperature sensor 5 detects the temperature of the liquid, the computer control module collects and stores the conductivity k1 and the temperature T1 at this time, and the displacement D 总 of the float 2, and clears the conductivity reading software; S25, the computer control module opens the electric air valve, so that the gas in the reciprocating air cylinder 10 is discharged, and the piston 101 is reset under the action of external force; S26, repeat the above steps S22-S25, that is, collect data again; S3, data processing: S31, according to the pre-stored database, compensate the conductivity k0 to the conductivity k0 ’ at 25℃, according to k0 ’ , find the corresponding salt mass percentage α0, and according to α0 and T0, find the corresponding initial density of the liquid ρ0; S32, calculate the initial salt mass M0 of the liquid before aeration, Wherein, ρ0 is the initial density of the liquid before aeration, V 初 is the initial volume of the liquid before aeration, and α0 is the initial salt mass percentage of the liquid before aeration; S33, according to the pre-stored database, compensate the conductivity k1 to the conductivity k1 ’ at 25℃, according to k1 ’ , find the corresponding salt mass percentage α1, and according to α1 and T1, find the corresponding liquid density ρ1; S34, calculate the displacement D1 of the float caused by the change of the liquid density after aeration, Wherein, G is the weight of the float, ρ1 is the density of the liquid after aeration, g is the acceleration of gravity, and S1 is the bottom area of the float; S35, calculate the actual volume change amount of the liquid after ventilation ΔV, Wherein, S2 is the cross-sectional area of the container, D 总 is the actual displacement amount of the float after the air is introduced, D1 is the displacement of the float caused by the change of the liquid density; S36, calculate the total volume V 总 , Wherein, is the volume change amount of the liquid after ventilation, V 初 is the volume of the liquid before ventilation; S37, calculate the salt mass M1 of the liquid after ventilation, Wherein, ρ1 is the density of the liquid after ventilation, V 总 is the total volume of the liquid after ventilation, and α1 is the salt mass percentage of the liquid after ventilation; S38, calculate the salt mass increment ΔM after ventilation, Wherein, M1 is the salt mass of the liquid after ventilation, and M0 is the salt mass of the liquid before ventilation; S39, calculate the salt mist concentration C of the external air, Wherein, ΔM is the salt mass increment after ventilation, V 气 is the volume of the air introduced.

[0022] The atmospheric environment salt mist concentration real-time monitoring scheme provided by the application has the core technology that the air volume is accurately measured through the reciprocating air cylinder, and the mutual cooperation of the float and the displacement sensor combined with the liquid density is used to correct the accurate measurement of the solution volume / salt mass increment, the core pain points of the prior art (low precision and strong environmental dependence of the sedimentation method; large measurement error of air volume and solution volume of the conductivity method) are solved, high-precision, automatic, continuous, and more environment-adaptive salt mist concentration monitoring is realized, the measurement precision and monitoring ability are significantly improved, and the application has important practical value and popularization potential.

Claims

1. A device for real-time monitoring of atmospheric ambient salt mist concentration, characterized in that: The utility model provides a kind of liquid salt fog test device, including the container (1) for containing liquid, water inlet (11) and water outlet (12) are equipped on container (1), water inlet (11) is used to connect water pump, container (1) is equipped with float (2), recess (21) is equipped on float (2);The top of container (1) is detachably connected with cover body (3), cover body (3) is equipped with electric conductivity electrode (4), temperature sensor (5), displacement sensor (6), air inlet pipe (7) and air outlet pipe (8);Electric conductivity electrode (4) is used to detect the electric conductivity of liquid in container (1), temperature sensor (5) is used to detect the temperature of liquid in container (1), the probe of the lower end of displacement sensor (6) is located in recess (21), and displacement sensor (6) is used to detect the displacement of float (2) in vertical direction;The lower end of air inlet pipe (7) is lower than the liquid level of liquid in container (1), and the lower end of air outlet pipe (8) is higher than the liquid level of liquid in container (1), and the upper end of air outlet pipe (8) is equipped with gas metering assembly, and gas metering assembly is used to quantitatively suck ambient air into container (1).

2. The monitoring device of claim 1, wherein: The gas metering assembly includes a gas pump (9) and a reciprocating air cylinder (10) connected in sequence to the upper end of the air outlet pipe (8), the reciprocating air cylinder (10) has a piston (101) and a limit switch (102) inside, the movement distance of the piston (101) is determined by the limit switch (102), the gas pump (9) is used to suck ambient air into the container (1) through the air inlet pipe (7) and deliver it to the inside of the reciprocating air cylinder (10) through the air outlet pipe (8), and under the action of the gas, the piston (101) can move and trigger the limit switch (102).

3. The detection device of claim 2, wherein: It also includes a computer control module, the water outlet (12) of the container (1) is provided with an electric water valve, the outlet of the reciprocating air cylinder (10) is connected with an electric air valve, the displacement sensor (6), the electric conductivity electrode (4), the temperature sensor (5), the water pump, the gas pump (9), the limit switch (102), the electric water valve and the electric air valve are all electrically connected with the computer control module; The computer control module includes a control unit, an acquisition unit, a storage unit and a processing unit, the control unit is used to receive the signals sent by the displacement sensor (6) and the limit switch (102), and to open or close the water pump, the gas pump (9), the electric water valve and the electric air valve, the acquisition unit is used to acquire the displacement, conductivity and temperature values measured by the displacement sensor (6), the electric conductivity electrode (4) and the temperature sensor (5), the storage unit is used to prestore a database and store the data collected by the acquisition unit, and the processing unit is used to calculate the salt mist concentration of the solution according to the data stored by the storage unit.

4. The monitoring device of claim 3, wherein: The pre-stored database of the storage unit includes an electric conductivity temperature compensation change trend table or compensation formula, a corresponding relationship table of electric conductivity and salt solution mass percentage, a corresponding relationship table of salt solution mass percentage and salt solution density at different temperatures, the bottom area of the float (2), the weight of the float (2) and the cross-sectional area of the container (1).

5. The monitoring device according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The float (2) is sleeved with a protective cover (22), and the protective cover (22) is uniformly covered with a plurality of mesh holes.

6. The monitoring device of claim 5, wherein: The water inlet (11) is provided with a semiconductor water temperature control system, and the semiconductor water temperature control system is used for controlling the water temperature at 5-40 DEG C.

7. A method for real-time monitoring of atmospheric ambient salt mist concentration, using the monitoring device of claim 4, comprising the following steps: S1, calibration before use: inject pure water or absorbent liquid into the container (1) with a volume of V 初 , and calibrate the displacement amount of the float (2) at this time as D 初 , inject gas into the reciprocating cylinder (10) until the piston (101) triggers the limit switch (102), and calibrate the intake amount as the volume V 气 of the reciprocating cylinder (10), and empty the liquid and gas in the container (1) and the reciprocating cylinder (10), and reset the piston (101) of the reciprocating cylinder (10) under the action of external force; S2, data acquisition: S21, inject pure water or absorbent into the container (1), the displacement sensor (6) monitors the displacement D of the float (2) in real time until D=D 初 , the computer control module closes the water pump, at this time the volume of liquid in the container (1) is V 初 ; S22, the conductivity electrode (4) detects the conductivity of the liquid, the temperature sensor (5) detects the temperature of the liquid, the computer control module collects and stores the conductivity k0 and the temperature T0 at this time, and the conductivity reading software is cleared; S23, the computer control module opens the air pump (9), so that the outside air is sucked into the container (1) from the air inlet pipe (7), and the salt-containing air is filtered in the liquid and then enters the reciprocating cylinder (10) through the air outlet pipe (8), the gas drives the piston (101) to move, when the piston (101) triggers the limit switch (102), the computer control module closes the air pump (9); S24, the conductivity electrode (4) detects the conductivity of the liquid again, the temperature sensor (5) detects the temperature of the liquid, the computer control module collects and stores the conductivity k1, the temperature T1 and the displacement D of the float (2) at this time 总 and the conductivity reading software is cleared. S25, the computer control module opens the electric air valve, so that the gas in the reciprocating cylinder (10) is discharged, and the piston (101) is reset under the action of external force; S26, repeat the above steps S22-S25, that is, collect data again; S3, data processing: S31, according to the pre-stored database, compensate the conductivity k0 to the conductivity k0 at 25℃ ’ , according to k0 ’ find the corresponding salt mass percentage a0, according to a0 and T0 find the corresponding liquid initial density p0; S32, calculate the initial salt mass M0 of the liquid before aeration, wherein p0 is the initial density of the liquid, V 初 is the initial volume of the liquid, a0 is the initial salt mass percentage of the liquid; S33, according to the pre-stored database, the conductivity k1 is compensated to the conductivity k1 at 25℃ ’ , according to k1 ’ the corresponding salt mass percentage a1 is found, and according to a1 and T1, the corresponding liquid density p1 is found; S34, calculate the displacement D1 of the float (2) caused by the change of the liquid density after aeration, Wherein, G is the weight of the float (2), ρ1 is the density of the liquid after aeration, g is the acceleration of gravity, and S1 is the bottom area of the float (2); S35, calculate the actual volume change ΔV of the liquid after aeration, where S2 is the cross-sectional area of the container (1), D 总 is the actual displacement of the buoy (2) after ventilation, and D1 is the displacement of the buoy (2) caused by the change in liquid density. S36, calculate the total volume of liquid V after ventilation 总 , wherein, V is the volume change of the liquid after ventilation, 初 V is the volume of the liquid before ventilation; S37, calculate the salt mass M1 of the liquid after aeration, where p1 is the density of the liquid after aeration, V 总 is the total volume of the liquid after aeration, and a1 is the mass percentage of salt in the liquid after aeration. S38, calculate the salt mass increment ΔM after aeration, Wherein, M1 is the salt mass of the liquid after aeration, and M0 is the salt mass of the liquid before aeration; S39, calculate the salt mist concentration C of the outside air, where ΔM is the mass increase of the salt after aeration, V 气 is the volume of air passed.

8. The monitoring method of claim 7, wherein: The step S1 specifically comprises the following steps: S11, the volume is measured using a volumetric flask and is V. 初 Pure water or absorbent is used, and the liquid is injected into the container (1) through the inlet (11). The liquid level is located between the lower end of the inlet pipe (7) and the lower end of the outlet pipe (8). S12, the displacement sensor (6) detects the amount of displacement of the float (2) in the vertical direction, and calibrates this amount of displacement as the initial amount of displacement D 初 ; S13, start the air pump (9), so that the outside air in turn through the intake pipe (7), liquid, exhaust pipe (8) into the reciprocating cylinder (10), drive the piston (101) close to and trigger the limit switch (102), then close the air pump (9), the piston (101) from the initial position (cylinder volume is calibrated to zero) to trigger the limit switch (102) when the intake volume is the cylinder volume V 气 ; S14, empty the liquid in the container (1) through the water outlet 1 (2), empty the internal gas of the reciprocating cylinder (10) through the outlet, apply an external force to the piston (101) to restore it to the initial position, and calibrate the external force as F.

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