Single guide multi-electrode quartz accelerometer

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of accelerometer technology, specifically relating to a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer, comprising a housing, a single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism, a signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism, an acoustic resonant frequency modulator, and an acceleration calculation mechanism. The housing is an integrally formed structure. When the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism operates, it generates an acceleration signal and senses a displacement signal. When the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism senses an acceleration signal, the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism automatically converts the displacement signal into a rotation signal and performs temperature compensation. The acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration calculation mechanism convert the rotation signal into a displacement signal, amplify it, and use the amplified displacement signal to excite resonance and pick up the resonant frequency signal. The acceleration is calculated from the change in the resonant frequency, thus solving the problems of unstable measurement accuracy and high uncertainty in measurement results during the measurement process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of accelerometer technology, specifically to a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer. Background Technology

[0002] An accelerometer is an instrument for measuring acceleration. Acceleration measurement is an important topic in engineering technology. When an object has a large acceleration, the object, the instruments and equipment it carries, and other objects without relative acceleration are all subjected to a force that can produce the same acceleration, i.e., they are subjected to dynamic loads. To know the dynamic load, the acceleration must be measured. The components of a common accelerometer are as follows: housing (fixed to the object being measured), reference mass, sensitive element, signal output device, etc. Accelerometers are required to have a certain range, accuracy, and sensitivity.

[0003] Currently, mainstream quartz accelerometers mainly use the piezoelectric effect or capacitance detection principle for measurement. However, piezoelectric accelerometers rely on charge amplifiers, which suffer from high low-frequency noise and significant temperature drift. Capacitive accelerometers require high-frequency excitation, are susceptible to electromagnetic interference, and are extremely difficult to manufacture with micro-gap. In addition, both rely on external temperature sensors and digital compensation algorithms (such as ADI ADXL1005), which result in delays and failures in dynamic temperature change scenarios. As a result, the measurement accuracy of current quartz accelerometers is unstable during the measurement process, and the measured data has a large degree of uncertainty. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer to replace the traditional quartz accelerometer for measurement, thus avoiding the problems of unstable measurement accuracy and high uncertainty of measurement results during the measurement process.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer, comprising:

[0008] The outer shell is a one-piece molded structure;

[0009] A single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism is installed at the bottom of the inner part of the outer casing. When the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism is working, it generates acceleration signals and senses displacement signals.

[0010] A signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism is installed inside the housing and located above the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism. When the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism senses an acceleration signal, it automatically converts the displacement signal into a rotation signal and performs temperature compensation.

[0011] An acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism are installed inside the housing and above the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism. When the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism converts the acceleration signal into a rotation signal, it automatically drives the acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism to work. After converting the rotation signal into a displacement signal, it amplifies it and uses the amplified displacement signal to excite resonance and pick up the resonant frequency signal. The acceleration is calculated from the change in the resonant frequency.

[0012] The single-conductor multi-electrode velocity sensing mechanism includes a first housing located at the bottom of the inner wall of the outer shell, a single-conductor quartz beam with multiple sets of electrodes installed at both ends on both sides of the inner wall of the first housing, and an acceleration triggering component movably connected to the single-conductor quartz beam.

[0013] The acceleration triggering component includes a movable mass block located inside the first housing and below the single-guide quartz beam, and a flexible hinge chain with one end hinged to the bottom of the single-guide quartz beam and the other end hinged to the top of the movable mass block.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer described in this invention, the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism includes a second housing located at the top of the first housing and sealed to the first housing, a balance wheel movably installed in the second housing, a temperature compensation bimetallic strip coaxially arranged with the balance wheel, a signal conversion component that converts the deflection signal of the balance wheel into an electrical signal, and a first transmission component that is drivenly connected at one end to the balance wheel and at the other end to the moving mass block.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer described in this invention, the signal conversion component includes a linear variable differential transformer core located at one edge of the balance wheel and an LVDT coil group installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the second housing and surrounding the motion trajectory of the linear variable differential transformer core.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer described in this invention, the top of the movable mass block is provided with a connecting rod that passes through the bottom of the first housing and the second housing.

[0017] The first transmission assembly includes a plurality of sawtooth blocks evenly distributed on the circumferential sidewall of the balance wheel and a sawtooth plate located at the top of the connecting rod and meshing with the plurality of sawtooth blocks.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer described in this invention, the acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism includes a third housing located at the top of the second housing and having a connection port at the top, a resonant frequency generating component installed on the top of the inner wall of the third housing, a drive component installed inside the third housing and drivenly connected to the resonant frequency generating component, and a second transmission component with one end drivenly connected to the pendulum wheel and the other end drivenly connected to the drive component.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer described in this invention, the resonant frequency generating component includes tuning forks symmetrically distributed on the top of the inner wall of the third housing and V-shaped flexible bridges connected at both ends to the arm ends of the two tuning forks respectively. The top of the tuning fork has a thickened area and the surface of the fork arm end is polished. The inner wall of the third housing has receivers on both sides for picking up the resonant frequency.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer described in this invention, the driving assembly includes a driving block extending at both ends into a limiting groove on both sides of the inner wall of the third housing, and a conical top block located at the top of the driving block and corresponding to the V-shaped region of the V-shaped flexible bridge.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer described in this invention, the sidewall of the balance wheel is connected to a first pulley via a rotating shaft.

[0022] The second transmission assembly includes a cam rotatably mounted inside the third housing and corresponding to the bottom of the drive block, and a second pulley located on the side wall of the cam and connected to the first pulley via a belt;

[0023] The outer wall of the third housing is provided with a micro motor whose output end is connected to the cam sidewall via a rotating shaft.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are that the single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer generates an acceleration signal and senses a displacement signal through a single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism. Then, the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism automatically converts the displacement signal into a rotation signal and performs temperature compensation. At the same time, the acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration calculation mechanism work to convert the rotation signal into a displacement signal, amplify it, and use the amplified displacement signal to excite resonance and pick up the resonant frequency signal. The acceleration is calculated by the change in the resonant frequency, and the frequency is used as the output signal. It has the advantages of ultra-high resolution, strong anti-interference, and easy digitization, replacing the traditional quartz accelerometer measurement method and avoiding the problems of unstable measurement accuracy and high uncertainty of measurement results during the measurement process. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0026] Figure 1 This is an external view of a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the internal structure of a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism of a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism of a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a structural exploded view of the acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism of a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism of a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to the present invention. In the figure: 100, outer shell; 200, single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism; 210, first housing; 220, single-conductor quartz beam; 220a, multiple sets of electrodes; 230, acceleration triggering component; 230a, moving mass block; 230a-1, connecting rod; 230b, flexible hinge chain; 300, signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism; 310, second housing; 320, balance wheel; 320a, first pulley; 330, temperature-compensated bimetallic strip; 340, signal conversion component; 340a, linear variable differential transformer core; 340b. LVDT coil assembly; 350, first transmission assembly; 350a, sawtooth block; 350b, sawtooth plate; 400, acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism; 410, third housing; 410a, receiver; 410b, connection port; 410c, micro motor; 420, resonant frequency generating assembly; 420a, tuning fork; 420b, V-shaped flexible bridge; 430, drive assembly; 430a, drive block; 430b, conical top block; 440, second transmission assembly; 440a, cam; 440b, second pulley. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When detailing the embodiments of the present invention, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure may be partially enlarged, not according to the usual scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, actual fabrication should include three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth.

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] This invention provides a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer to replace the traditional quartz accelerometer for measurement, avoiding the problems of unstable measurement accuracy and high uncertainty of measurement results during the measurement process.

[0038] Figures 1-8 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to the present invention. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1-8 This paper provides a detailed introduction to this type of single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] refer to Figures 1-8The present invention discloses a single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer, the main body of which includes a housing 100, a single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism 200, a signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300, and an acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism 400.

[0041] refer to Figure 1 The outer shell 100 is used to plasticize the whole and facilitate the protection of the internal components. The outer shell 100 is a one-piece molded structure, which makes the overall structure stronger and keeps the internal components more stable during measurement.

[0042] refer to Figures 2-5 A single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism 200 is installed at the bottom of the inner part of the outer shell 100. When the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism 200 is working, it generates an acceleration signal and senses a displacement signal. Thus, the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism 200 generates an acceleration signal and senses an acceleration displacement signal. At the same time, by utilizing the single-conductor performance of multiple electrodes acting on the same quartz beam, multiple sets of voltage changes are obtained due to the different stresses at different positions when acceleration is generated.

[0043] refer to Figures 2-6 The signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300 is used to convert the displacement signal sensed by the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism 200 into a rotation signal and perform automatic temperature compensation according to the ambient temperature. The signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300 is installed inside the housing 100 and located above the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism 200. When the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism 200 senses an acceleration signal, the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300 automatically converts the displacement signal into a rotation signal and performs temperature compensation. Thus, when the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism 200 transmits the sensed displacement signal to the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300, it automatically converts the displacement signal into a rotation signal. At the same time, the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300 performs temperature compensation according to the ambient temperature, thereby improving the temperature compensation response capability and further improving the stability of the signal response.

[0044] refer to Figures 2-7The acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism 400 amplifies the acceleration signal and calculates the acceleration value using the change in the resonant frequency. The acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism 400 are installed inside the housing 100 and above the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300. When the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300 converts the acceleration signal into a rotation signal, it automatically drives the acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism 400 to work, converting the rotation signal into a displacement signal, amplifying it, and using the amplified displacement signal for excitation. The system generates a resonance and picks up the resonant frequency signal. The acceleration is calculated from the change in the resonant frequency. When the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300 is working, the acoustic resonant frequency modulator and the acceleration measurement mechanism 400 automatically convert the rotation signal into a displacement signal and amplify it to facilitate signal pickup. At the same time, the amplified signal is used to excite the resonance and pick up the resonant frequency signal. Then, the acceleration is calculated from the change in the resonant frequency. The frequency is used as the output signal, which makes the measurement have the advantages of ultra-high resolution, strong anti-interference and easy digitization, thus making the acceleration measurement more stable and reliable.

[0045] The single-guide multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism 200 includes a first housing 210 located at the bottom of the inner wall of the outer casing 100, a single-guide quartz beam 220 with multiple sets of electrodes 220a on its surface and mounted on both sides of the inner wall of the first housing 210, and an acceleration triggering component 230 movably connected to the single-guide quartz beam 220. The first housing 210 is used to facilitate the support and installation of the single-guide quartz beam 220 and the acceleration triggering component 230. The single-guide quartz beam 220 is used to cooperate with the multiple sets of electrodes 220a and is a single vibration-guided quartz beam. Traditional quartz accelerometers utilize the overall piezoelectric effect or capacitance change of the beam. Here, the distributed multiple sets of electrodes 220a accurately "sensor" the local strain differences at different positions of the beam. Each set of electrodes and the quartz below it constitute a tiny piezoelectric unit, outputting a weak voltage signal (V1, V2, V3, V4) proportional to the local strain. The "single-guided" aspect is reflected in the fact that all electrodes share the same quartz beam as the main body for vibration and sensing.

[0046] refer to Figures 2-5The acceleration triggering component 230 includes a movable mass block 230a located inside the first housing 210 and below the single-guide quartz beam 220, and a flexible hinge chain 230b with one end hinged to the bottom of the single-guide quartz beam 220 and the other end hinged to the top of the movable mass block 230a. The movable mass block 230a is used as a carrier object for acceleration measurement. The flexible hinge chain 230b is used to allow the movable mass block 230a to undergo micro-displacement along the sensitive axis (such as the Z-axis) under acceleration at the start of the measurement. The quartz beam undergoes non-uniform bending under the action of acceleration. The strain at different positions outputs multiple sets of voltage signals through corresponding electrodes. These voltage signals are proportional to the local strain and thus have a linear relationship with the acceleration.

[0047] In this embodiment, the specific usage process is as follows: When the measurement begins, the moving mass 230a moves along the Z-axis under the connection of the flexible hinge chain 230b. At the same time, multiple sets of electrodes 220a cooperate with the single-guide quartz beam 220. When acceleration is applied to the sensitive axis, the inertial force causes the moving mass 230a to move down / up. At this time, the single-guide quartz beam 220 undergoes non-uniform bending deformation (stress is different at different positions of the beam), thereby obtaining multiple sets of weak voltage signals proportional to the local strain, and simultaneously generating a displacement signal of the moving mass 230a in the Z-axis direction. When the displacement signal of acceleration is sensed, the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300 automatically starts working, converting the displacement signal into a rotation signal. At the same time, it performs synchronous automatic temperature compensation according to the ambient temperature, thereby ensuring the stability of signal transmission. After the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300 converts the displacement signal into a rotation signal, the acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism 400 automatically convert the rotation signal into a displacement amplification signal. At the same time, it uses the amplified displacement signal to excite resonance and picks up the resonant frequency signal, and then calculates the acceleration through the change in the resonant frequency.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] Based on Example 1, and referring to Figures 2-6The signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300 includes a second housing 310 located on top of the first housing 210 and sealed to it; a balance wheel 320 movably installed within the second housing 310; a temperature compensation bimetallic strip 330 coaxially arranged with the balance wheel 320; a signal conversion component 340 that converts the deflection signal of the balance wheel 320 into an electrical signal; and a first transmission component 350, one end of which is drivenly connected to the balance wheel 320 and the other end of which is drivenly connected to the moving mass block 230a. The second housing 310 facilitates the installation of the balance wheel 320, the signal conversion component 340, and the first transmission component 350. Meanwhile, the first housing 210 and the second housing 310 are sealed to each other, thereby reducing the impact of temperature difference on the interior of the second housing 310. The balance wheel 320 is used to generate a rotation signal when rotating. The temperature-compensated bimetallic strip 330 is composed of a special composite material sheet (such as quartz + a specific alloy), and its thermal expansion coefficient is precisely designed. When the ambient temperature changes, the bimetallic strip bends and actively fine-tunes the initial zero angle of the balance wheel 320. The signal conversion component 340 is used to convert the rotation signal into an electrical signal. The first transmission component 350 is used to drive the balance wheel 320 to rotate at the corresponding angle when the moving mass block 230a moves on the Z-axis.

[0050] In this embodiment, reference Figures 2-6 The signal conversion component 340 includes a linear variable differential transformer core 340a located at one edge of the pendulum 320 and an LVDT coil group 340b installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the second housing 310 and surrounding the motion trajectory of the linear variable differential transformer core 340a. The rigid connection between the linear variable differential transformer core 340a and the pendulum ensures zero hysteresis in displacement transmission. At this time, the input is: the rotation angle θ of the pendulum 320 drives the LVDT core to move linearly along the axial direction through the bearing. The output is: the induced voltage difference ΔV = V1 - V2 of the LVDT secondary coil is strictly proportional to the displacement of the core. At this time, the electrical signal ΔV directly represents the angle θ of the pendulum 320 (i.e., acceleration).

[0051] In this embodiment, reference Figures 2-6 The top of the movable mass block 230a is provided with a connecting rod 230a-1 that passes through the bottom of the first housing 210 and the second housing 310, which is used to facilitate the installation and connection of the sawtooth plate 350b.

[0052] refer to Figures 2-6The first transmission component 350 includes a plurality of sawtooth blocks 350a evenly distributed on the circumferential sidewall of the balance wheel 320 and a sawtooth plate 350b located on the top of the connecting rod 230a-1 and meshing with the plurality of sawtooth blocks 350a. The sawtooth blocks 350a are used to facilitate the rotation of the balance wheel 320 when the sawtooth plate 350b moves. The sawtooth plate 350b is used to drive the balance wheel 320 to rotate under the meshing action of the sawtooth blocks 350a when the moving mass block 230a drives the connecting rod 230a-1 to move.

[0053] In this embodiment, the specific workflow is as follows: When the moving mass block 230a moves along the Z-axis, it drives the connecting rod 230a-1 to move. The moving connecting rod 230a-1 then drives the serrated plate 350b to move. As the serrated plate 350b moves, it drives the balance wheel 320 to rotate at a corresponding angle under the meshing action of the serrated block 350a. Simultaneously, the temperature-compensated bimetallic strip 330 bends and deforms according to changes in ambient temperature, thereby actively fine-tuning the initial zero-position angle of the balance wheel 320. Both the sensitivity (Young's modulus) of the quartz beam and the deformation of the temperature-compensated bimetallic strip 330 are affected by temperature. Through careful design of the bimetallic strip's material and structure, its thermal deformation precisely offsets the change in the quartz beam's sensitivity with temperature (as well as some bearing friction changes), ensuring that the relationship between the balance wheel 320's rotation angle and acceleration remains stable over a wide temperature range. The LVDT outputs a temperature-compensated analog displacement signal that strictly corresponds to the acceleration.

[0054] Furthermore, through the mechanical linkage between the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism 200 and the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300, the linear strain / displacement signal is mechanically converted into a precise rotation angle, and passive mechanical temperature compensation is integrated. At the same time, the meshing clearance (≈5μm) between the serrated plate 350b and the sidewall of the balance wheel 320 forms a natural mechanical low-pass filter. When high-frequency vibration noise (>500Hz) causes the moving mass block 230a to tremble slightly, the energy is dissipated by the collision damping of the tooth clearance and cannot be transmitted to the balance wheel 320. In certain vibration environments, false acceleration signals are avoided from triggering malfunctions.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] Based on Example 2, and referring to Figures 2-8The acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism 400 includes a third housing 410 located on top of the second housing 310 and having a connection port 410b at the top; a resonant frequency generating component 420 installed on the top of the inner wall of the third housing 410; a drive component 430 installed inside the third housing 410 and drivenly connected to the resonant frequency generating component 420; and a second transmission component 440 with one end drivenly connected to the balance wheel 320 and the other end drivenly connected to the drive component 430. The third housing 410 is used to facilitate the installation of the resonant frequency generating component 420, the drive component 430, and the second transmission component 440. The resonant frequency generating component 420 generates a resonant frequency during operation, thereby obtaining a more reliable and stable signal by picking up the frequency. The drive component 430 triggers the resonant frequency generating component 420 to operate during operation. The second transmission component 440 drives the drive component 430 to operate when the balance wheel 320 rotates.

[0057] In this embodiment, reference Figures 7-8 The resonant frequency generating component 420 includes tuning forks 420a symmetrically distributed on the top of the inner wall of the third housing 410 and V-shaped flexible bridges 420b connected at both ends to the arm ends of the two tuning forks 420a respectively. The tuning forks 420a are used to resonate at a fixed fundamental frequency F0 under preload and obtain different resonant frequencies after being compressed. The V-shaped flexible bridges 420b are used to attach to the arms of the tuning forks 420a to excite their resonance. The top of the tuning forks 420a has a thickened area and the end surface of the fork arm is polished to reduce air damping. The inner walls of the third housing 410 have receivers 410a on both sides to pick up the resonant frequency signal, which is then transmitted to the system to calculate the acceleration value.

[0058] In this embodiment, reference Figures 7-8 The drive assembly 430 includes a drive block 430a extending into the limiting grooves on both sides of the inner wall of the third housing 410, and a conical top block 430b located on top of the drive block 430a and corresponding to the V-shaped area of ​​the V-shaped flexible bridge 420b. The drive block 430a is used to drive the conical top block 430b at the top to move when it moves. The conical top block 430b is used to squeeze the V-shaped working area of ​​the V-shaped flexible bridge 420b when it moves, thereby generating external tension on both sides of the working area of ​​the V-shaped bridge. The tension is converted into axial tensile stress at the root of the fork arm, reducing the resonant frequency.

[0059] In this embodiment, reference Figures 2-6 The side wall of the balance wheel 320 is connected to the first pulley 320a via a pivot, which drives the second pulley 440b to rotate when it rotates.

[0060] refer to Figures 2-8The second transmission assembly 440 includes a cam 440a rotatably mounted inside the third housing 410 and corresponding to the bottom of the drive block 430a, and a second pulley 440b located on the side wall of the cam 440a and connected to the first pulley 320a by a belt. When the cam 440a rotates, it drives the drive block 430a to move along the limiting slide groove. When the second pulley 440b rotates, it drives the cam 440a to rotate.

[0061] refer to Figures 2-8 The outer wall of the third housing 410 is provided with a micro motor 410c whose output end is connected to the side wall of the cam 440a via a rotating shaft. This motor is used to drive the cam 440a to rotate during operation, and at the same time indirectly modulate the frequency of the tuning fork 420a, thereby completing self-calibration.

[0062] In this embodiment, the specific workflow is as follows: When the balance wheel 320 rotates, it drives the first pulley 320a to rotate. When the first pulley 320a rotates, it drives the second pulley 440b to rotate. When the second pulley 440b rotates, it drives the cam 440a to rotate. When the cam 440a rotates, it drives the drive block 430a to move along the limiting slide groove. When the drive block 430a moves, it drives the conical top block 430b to squeeze the working area of ​​the V-shaped flexible bridge 420b. As a result, the tension generated at both ends of the V-shaped flexible bridge 420b is converted into axial tensile stress at the root of the fork arm, which reduces the resonant frequency. The applied stress changes the equivalent stiffness of the tuning fork 420a material, thereby linearly modulating its resonant frequency F. ΔF = F - F0 is precisely proportional to the displacement of the moving mass 230a, and thus proportional to the acceleration. By measuring ΔF, a high-precision acceleration value can be obtained. Multiple electrodes 220a on the single-guide quartz beam 220 sense local strain differences and output multiple voltage signals, while simultaneously sensing the displacement of the moving mass 230a. The displacement signal is converted into the rotation angle of the pendulum 320 via mechanical transmission, then converted into an electrical signal via an LVDT and temperature compensated. The rotation signal is further converted into a frequency signal via a cam-tuning fork mechanism. The frequency change ΔF is proportional to the acceleration. High-precision acceleration calculation is achieved by measuring ΔF.

[0063] Furthermore, at the end of each acceleration event (or during equipment startup / periodic self-test), the system actively controls the micro motor 410c to drive the drive block 430a in reverse, ensuring it precisely completes the entire stroke (simulating one acceleration input). Calibration principle: The system records the frequency F change curve of the tuning fork 420a during this process and compares it with the ideal frequency-displacement (i.e., frequency-acceleration) curve calibrated under standard conditions and stored at the factory. Any deviation (caused by aging, slight creep, residual temperature effects, etc.) can be detected, and a real-time calibration correction coefficient is generated and applied to subsequent actual measurements. The "multi-electrode" also plays a role in this structure: the multi-electrode signal (although weak) can assist in verifying the consistency of the start / end position of the displacement of the drive block 430a in self-calibration mode.

[0064] Furthermore, based on the mechanical linkage between the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism 300 and the acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism 400, the stress modulation effect on the quartz resonant frequency is utilized to convert the minute mechanical displacement (acceleration) into a high-resolution, high-interference-resistant frequency signal. At the same time, an online self-calibration mechanism based on known mechanical displacement is integrated into the production process.

[0065] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments, various modifications can be made and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the features in the disclosed embodiments can be combined with each other in any manner. The lack of an exhaustive description of these combinations in this specification is merely for the sake of brevity and resource conservation. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer, characterized in that, include: The outer shell (100) is a one-piece molded structure; A single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism (200) is installed at the bottom of the inner part of the outer shell (100), wherein the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism (200) generates acceleration signals and senses displacement signals when it is working; A signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism (300) is installed inside the housing (100) and located above the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism (200). When the single-conductor multi-electrode acceleration sensing mechanism (200) senses an acceleration signal, the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism (300) automatically converts the displacement signal into a rotation signal and performs temperature compensation. An acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism (400) are installed inside the housing (100) and above the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism (300). When the signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism (300) converts the acceleration signal into a rotation signal, it automatically drives the acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism (400) to work. After converting the rotation signal into a displacement signal, it amplifies it and uses the amplified displacement signal to excite resonance and pick up the resonant frequency signal. The acceleration is calculated by the change in the resonant frequency. The single-conductor multi-electrode velocity sensing mechanism (200) includes a first housing (210) located at the bottom of the inner wall of the outer housing (100), a single-conductor quartz beam (220) with both ends installed on both sides of the inner wall of the first housing (210) and having multiple sets of electrodes (220a) on its surface, and an acceleration triggering component (230) movably connected to the single-conductor quartz beam (220). The acceleration triggering component (230) includes a movable mass block (230a) located inside the first housing (210) and below the single-guide quartz beam (220) and a flexible hinge chain (230b) with one end hinged to the bottom of the single-guide quartz beam (220) and the other end hinged to the top of the movable mass block (230a).

2. The single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal conversion and temperature compensation mechanism (300) includes a second housing (310) located on top of the first housing (210) and sealed to each other with the first housing (210), a balance wheel (320) movably installed in the second housing (310), a temperature compensation bimetallic strip (330) coaxially arranged with the balance wheel (320), a signal conversion component (340) that converts the deflection signal of the balance wheel (320) into an electrical signal, and a first transmission component (350) with one end connected to the balance wheel (320) and the other end connected to the moving mass block (230a).

3. A single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The signal conversion assembly (340) includes a linear variable differential transformer core (340a) located at one edge of the balance wheel (320) and an LVDT coil group (340b) mounted on the bottom of the inner wall of the second housing (310) and surrounding the motion trajectory of the linear variable differential transformer core (340a).

4. A single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the movable mass block (230a) is provided with a connecting rod (230a-1) that passes through the bottom of the first housing (210) and the second housing (310). The first transmission assembly (350) includes a plurality of sawtooth blocks (350a) evenly distributed on the circumferential sidewall of the balance wheel (320) and a sawtooth plate (350b) located on the top of the connecting rod (230a-1) and meshing with the plurality of sawtooth blocks (350a).

5. A single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The acoustic resonant frequency modulator and acceleration measurement mechanism (400) includes a third housing (410) located on top of the second housing (310) and having a connection port (410b) on top, a resonant frequency generating component (420) mounted on the top of the inner wall of the third housing (410), a drive component (430) mounted inside the third housing (410) and drivenly connected to the resonant frequency generating component (420), and a second transmission component (440) with one end drivenly connected to the balance wheel (320) and the other end drivenly connected to the drive component (430).

6. A single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The resonant frequency generating component (420) includes tuning forks (420a) symmetrically distributed on the top of the inner wall of the third housing (410) and V-shaped flexible bridges (420b) connected at both ends to the arm ends of the two tuning forks (420a). The top of the tuning fork (420a) has a thickened area and the surface of the fork arm end is polished. The inner wall of the third housing (410) has receivers (410a) on both sides to pick up the resonant frequency.

7. A single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to claim 6, characterized in that, The drive assembly (430) includes a drive block (430a) extending at both ends into a limiting groove on both sides of the inner wall of the third housing (410) and a conical top block (430b) located on top of the drive block (430a) and corresponding to the V-shaped region of the V-shaped flexible bridge (420b).

8. A single-conductor multi-electrode quartz accelerometer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sidewall of the balance wheel (320) is connected to the first pulley (320a) via a pivot. The second transmission assembly (440) includes a cam (440a) rotatably mounted inside the third housing (410) and corresponding to the bottom of the drive block (430a), and a second pulley (440b) located on the side wall of the cam (440a) and connected to the first pulley (320a) by a belt; the outer side wall of the third housing (410) is provided with a micro motor (410c) whose output end is connected to the side wall of the cam (440a) by a rotating shaft.

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