Leakage pollution exploration method for tailings pond
By combining various methods such as UAV mapping, ground electrical resistivity tomography, and drilling tests, the pollution sources and channels of tailings ponds were thoroughly investigated, solving the problem of difficulty in identifying tailings pond leakage pollution and reducing treatment costs and risks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511249641.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-07
AI Technical Summary
The leakage of pollutants caused by tailings dam seepage is difficult to pinpoint the pollution channels and causes. Traditional investigation methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and ineffective, resulting in high pollution control costs and significant risks.
A combination of exploration methods was used, including UAV mapping, ground electrical resistivity tomography, drilling tests, and hydrogeochemical exploration, to conduct in-depth investigations layer by layer and to verify each other through multiple methods, so as to conduct a detailed investigation of the pollution sources, channels and mechanisms of the tailings dam.
It improved the accuracy of pollution investigation, clarified the pollution sources, channels and scope, reduced the cost of treatment and the risk of failure, and provided a scientific basis for subsequent treatment.
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Figure CN120908898A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of exploration, in particular to a tailing pond leakage pollution exploration method. BACKGROUND
[0002] The tailing pond is a special facility for storing tailings (fine and crushed residues left after ore processing) in the ore dressing process of a mine. The tailings pond also belongs to the tailing pond in a broad sense, and is a storage site for industrial waste residues (such as coal-fired power plant ash, metal smelting waste residues), which is similar to the tailing pond but has more complex composition, and may contain heavy metals, acidic substances, etc.
[0003] Most of the tailing ponds (tailings ponds) are located in valley areas and are surrounded by dams downstream, and have anti-seepage measures at the bottom. During the operation of a large number of tailing ponds in the southern region, leakage occurs, and the leachate containing high-concentration pollutants in the tailing pond leaks directly into the groundwater, surface water and rock-soil body below and around the tailing pond, affecting the production and life of the nearby people and threatening the ecological environment of the region.
[0004] Compared with the surrounding environment, the tailings / tailings in the tailing pond usually exist as a kind of pollutant, so the anti-seepage management of the bottom and the surrounding of the tailing pond is very important. The tailing pond is often in a relatively unique geological and hydrogeological environment, and has a relatively limited area, but a large depth and a large volume of tailings. Once the tailing pond leaks, it is difficult to find the leakage point and the pollution channel, and it is also difficult to find the pollution cause and to take economic and scientific measures for pollution control.
[0005] The traditional pollution investigation of the tailing pond is limited to the analysis of existing data, simple ground investigation, sample collection and analysis, and drilling sampling investigation, and the results cannot accurately find the pollution channel and the cause mechanism. The pollution control engineering based on such investigation is often large in scale, high in capital investment, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the effect is not ideal, such as building a large-scale anti-seepage wall, building a wastewater treatment station for long-period operation, and even building a new pond to move the tailings / tailings of the old pond as a whole. SUMMARY
[0006] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a tailing pond leakage pollution exploration method, which realizes tailing pond pollution exploration by using various ways to explore the pollution of the tailing pond from surface to point, from surface to inside, layer by layer, fine exploration, and mutual verification of various means, can maximize the accuracy of tailing pond pollution exploration, find out the pollution source, pollution channel and pollution range, find out the pollution cause and mechanism, and provide a scientific basis for the later pollution control engineering, thereby minimizing the cost and risk of failure of tailing pond leakage pollution control.
[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a tailing pond leakage pollution exploration method, comprising:
[0008] collecting hydrogeological and pollution status data of the tailings pond, and determining a leakage pollution exploration area of the tailings pond;
[0009] using a UAV to survey and photograph the exploration area, and obtaining a topographic map and a three-dimensional image of the tailings pond;
[0010] based on the topographic map and the three-dimensional image of the tailings pond, sampling and testing exploration is performed on geological points and hydrological points of the exploration area, and a hydrological and geological spatial distribution sketch model of the exploration area is established;
[0011] ground electrical prospecting is performed on the exploration area by laying geophysical exploration lines, and underground structures of the exploration area are obtained by interpreting ground electrical prospecting data;
[0012] drilling target points are set according to the underground structures, and drilling work is performed, hydrogeological testing and experiments are performed based on the drill holes, and leakage pollution conditions are analyzed according to the testing and experiment results;
[0013] water samples are collected from different water bodies and at different times in the exploration area for chemical testing, and migration rules of leakage pollutants of the tailings pond are analyzed according to the testing results.
[0014] In the above technical solution, preferably, the collecting of the hydrogeological and pollution status data of the tailings pond specifically includes:
[0015] collecting regional overview data of the tailings pond, including meteorological, topographic, geological, hydrogeological, soil and hydrological data;
[0016] collecting engineering and technical data of the tailings pond, including design, construction, operation and full-stage technical data of the closed tailings pond, including but not limited to engineering design reports, construction summary reports, completion acceptance reports, environmental impact assessment reports, supervision reports, environmental monitoring reports and engineering exploration reports;
[0017] collecting service data of the tailings pond after leakage pollution occurs, including investigation, monitoring and construction data.
[0018] In the above technical solution, preferably, the sampling and testing exploration of the geological points and the hydrological points of the exploration area, and the establishment of the hydrological and geological spatial distribution sketch model of the exploration area specifically include:
[0019] selecting typical geological points and hydrological points, setting investigation routes of the exploration area by using the crossing method and the tracking method, and performing sampling and testing exploration;
[0020] Based on the test results, the topography, stratigraphic age, lithological characteristics, geological structure, and groundwater recharge and drainage conditions of the exploration area are determined, and a general model of the hydrological and geological spatial distribution of the exploration area is established.
[0021] In the above technical solution, preferably, geophysical exploration lines are laid out in the exploration area to conduct surface electrical resistivity tomography (SMT) exploration, and the underground structure of the exploration area is obtained by interpreting the SMT data. The specific process includes:
[0022] Geophysical exploration lines were laid around the tailings dam, and exploration points were densely deployed downstream of the tailings dam. The high-density resistivity method was used to explore and obtain underground resistivity data.
[0023] Based on the resistivity data, the underground water-conducting and water-rich strata structure of the tailings dam and its surrounding area were interpreted, and the groundwater recharge and discharge conditions were analyzed.
[0024] In the above technical solution, preferably, the density of exploration points on the geophysical exploration line is 5 meters / point, and the points are densely deployed downstream of the tailings dam to obtain low-resistivity and high-resistivity anomaly resistivity data at a depth of less than 150 meters underground using the high-density resistivity method.
[0025] In the above technical solution, preferably, drilling target points are set according to the underground structure and drilling work is carried out. Hydrogeological tests and experiments are conducted based on the boreholes, and the leakage and pollution situation is analyzed based on the test and experiment results. The specific process includes:
[0026] Based on the underground structure of the exploration area, drilling targets were set up in typical locations for drilling operations.
[0027] The borehole is cemented and flushed, and pumping tests, pressure tests, tracing tests, borehole imaging and geophysical exploration are conducted.
[0028] Based on the test and experimental results, the hydrogeological conditions of the exploration area are determined, the transport and diffusion of pollutants in the groundwater of the exploration area are analyzed, and the pollution sources, pollution channels and pollution mechanisms of tailings dam leakage pollution are inferred.
[0029] In the above technical solution, preferably, the pumping test is used to obtain the hydrogeological parameters of the lower aquifer;
[0030] The pressure water test is used to obtain the permeability of the underlying formation;
[0031] The tracer test is a tracer test between boreholes or between leachate collection pool and borehole, used to determine the connectivity of groundwater in different areas;
[0032] The borehole endoscopic imaging is used to acquire complete image data of the borehole wall to observe the development of faults, fracture zones, fissures, joints or solution pores, caves and solution spaces of the borehole stratum;
[0033] The borehole geophysical prospecting includes borehole CT and inter-borehole CT, which are used to acquire the water enrichment and structure development of the stratum around the borehole or between the boreholes.
[0034] In the technical scheme, preferably, the drilling target point is adopted for coring drilling, the borehole spacing is 5-50 meters, the borehole diameter is not less than 91 millimeters, and the borehole depth is 10-150 meters.
[0035] In the technical scheme, preferably, the water samples are collected from different water bodies and different times in the exploration area for chemical testing, and the migration rule of the leakage pollutants of the tailings pond is analyzed according to the test results, and the specific process includes:
[0036] According to different sequences of the wet season, dry season and normal water period, the sampling time is set for different water bodies in the exploration area;
[0037] The water samples are collected from the boreholes in the exploration area, and the collected water samples are subjected to chemical testing;
[0038] The water chemical types and characteristics of different water samples are obtained according to the general test items, and the abnormal conditions are judged by comparing with the surrounding non-polluted underground water;
[0039] The concentrations of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants obtained according to the special test items are compared with the relevant standard limits to analyze the over-standard conditions of different water samples;
[0040] The migration rule of the leakage pollutants of the tailings pond is analyzed according to the comparative analysis results.
[0041] In the technical scheme, preferably, the general test items include the tests of pH, K + , Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl - , SO4 2- , HCO3 - , CO3 2- , mineralization and total hardness.
[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are that: by using multiple ways to carry out pollution exploration on the tailing pond, from surface to point, from surface to inside, layer by layer, fine exploration, various means are verified to realize tailing pond pollution exploration, which can maximize the accuracy of tailing pond pollution exploration, find out the pollution source, pollution channel and pollution range, find out the pollution cause and mechanism, and provide scientific basis for the later pollution control engineering, so as to minimize the cost and risk of tailing pond leakage pollution control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0043] Figure 1 The flowchart of the tailing pond leakage pollution exploration method disclosed in an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0045] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings:
[0046] As shown in the tailing pond leakage pollution exploration method provided by the present application, the method comprises: Figure 1
[0047] Collecting hydrogeological and pollution status data of the tailing pond, and determining the tailing pond leakage pollution exploration area;
[0048] Using a drone to survey and map the exploration area to obtain a topographic map and three-dimensional image of the tailing pond;
[0049] Based on the topographic map and three-dimensional image of the tailing pond, sampling and testing exploration is carried out on the geological points and hydrological points of the exploration area to establish a hydrological and geological space distribution sketch model of the exploration area;
[0050] Ground electrical prospecting is carried out on the exploration area by laying geophysical exploration lines, and the underground structure of the exploration area is obtained according to the ground electrical prospecting data interpretation;
[0051] Drilling target points are set according to the underground structure and drilling work is carried out, hydrogeological testing and experiments are carried out based on the drill holes, and the leakage pollution situation is analyzed according to the test and experiment results;
[0052] Water samples are collected from different water bodies and at different times in the exploration area for chemical testing, and the migration rule of the leakage pollutants of the tailing pond is analyzed according to the test results.
[0053] In this embodiment, the tailings pond is investigated by various methods, from surface to point, from top to bottom, layer by layer, fine investigation, and various means to verify each other to realize the tailings pond pollution investigation, which maximizes the accuracy of tailings pond pollution investigation, finds out the pollution source, pollution channel and pollution range, finds out the pollution causes and mechanism, and provides scientific basis for the later pollution control engineering, thereby minimizing the cost and risk of failure of tailings pond leakage pollution control.
[0054] Specifically, the investigation method is suitable for fine investigation of tailings pond leakage pollution in southern China, especially for investigation of pollution causes of valley type tailings pond, which can maximize the accuracy of tailings pond pollution investigation, find out the pollution source, pollution channel and pollution range, find out the pollution causes and mechanism, and provide scientific basis for the later pollution control engineering, thereby minimizing the cost and risk of failure of tailings pond leakage pollution control.
[0055] The basic working procedure of the investigation method follows six aspects of "(1) data collection and analysis → (2) precise mapping photography by unmanned aerial vehicle → (3) ground geological and hydrogeological special investigation → (4) ground high-density resistivity method exploration → (5) geological drilling and hole testing → (6) hydrogeochemical exploration".
[0056] In the above embodiment, before the pollution investigation, the tailings pond design, construction operation and investigation area geological, hydrogeological and geophysical prospecting, existing pollution display and other data are widely collected, sorted and analyzed to preliminarily understand the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the investigation area and the basic background of tailings pond leakage pollution.
[0057] Preferably, the hydrogeological and pollution status data of the tailings pond are collected, and the specific process includes:
[0058] (1) Collect regional general data of the tailings pond, including meteorological data (average temperature and annual change, annual precipitation and seasonal change of precipitation), topography, geology, hydrogeology, soil and hydrology (rivers, lakes, watersheds, recharge, runoff and drainage relationship) and other data. The above data are collected from local government websites, enterprises, Internet and other channels.
[0059] (2) Collect engineering and technical data of the tailings pond from the tailings pond management enterprise, including design, construction, operation and whole stage technical data of closing the tailings pond, including but not limited to engineering design report, construction summary report, completion acceptance report, environmental impact assessment report, supervision report, environmental monitoring report and engineering investigation report.
[0060] (3) Collect service data of the tailings pond leakage pollution after the occurrence from the tailings pond management enterprise or the unit serving for it, including investigation, monitoring and construction data.
[0061] In the above embodiment, preferably, the southern valley type tailings pond is mainly small and medium-sized, and the area is limited, generally several thousand to several ten thousand square meters, and the terrain in the pond is constantly changing during the accumulation of the tailings, and generally lacks topographic maps required for exploration work. The topographic map is the basic map of the exploration work. Under the current technical conditions, the high-precision topography and three-dimensional image of the exploration area can be obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle precise mapping photography, the tailings pond and the surrounding topography are understood, and the bottom map is provided for the next ground geological investigation.
[0062] In the above embodiment, preferably, the geological points and hydrological points of the exploration area are sampled and tested, and a hydrological and geological space distribution sketch model of the exploration area is established. The specific process includes:
[0063] Typical geological points and hydrological points are selected, and the exploration area is set with investigation routes by crossing method and tracking method, and sampling and testing exploration is carried out;
[0064] According to the test results, the topography, stratum age, lithological characteristics, geological structure and underground water recharge, runoff and discharge conditions of the exploration area are determined, and a hydrological and geological space distribution sketch model of the exploration area is established.
[0065] Specifically, the maximum scale of regional geology and hydrogeology investigation is generally 1:1000, but due to the limited scope of the tailings pond and the large topographic difference, the investigation scale accuracy is preferably 1:500.
[0066] The ground geology and hydrogeology special investigation sets the investigation route by crossing method and tracking method, and the investigation range is the tailings pond and the surrounding area. A relatively independent small watershed or hydrogeological unit is preferably delineated, and the area is preferably 2-5 times larger than the area of the tailings pond. Geological points (stratum, stratum occurrence, lithology, fault, joint, fracture, karst development, etc.), hydrogeological points (surface water, spring, water well, borehole, underground river, etc.), and typical hydrological points are sampled and tested. Through the above means, the topography, stratum age, lithological characteristics, geological structure, underground water recharge, runoff and discharge conditions, etc. of the exploration area are found out, so as to establish the geological and hydrogeological sketch model of the exploration area.
[0067] The geological and hydrogeological sketch model is a virtual model, which can be an electronic model or a fantasy model. Through the first-hand data (stratum distribution and mutual superposition relationship, structure distribution and occurrence information, lithological combination and distribution, underground water recharge, runoff and discharge conditions, etc.) obtained by investigation, the spatial distribution model of geological elements such as stratum, structure, lithology and underground water in the exploration area is established. The model does not need to be quantitatively and accurately described, and can be qualitatively determined or determined by experience. Through the model, the geological and hydrogeological cognitive framework can be quickly established, and the basis is provided for further research.
[0068] In the above embodiment, preferably, the ground electrical exploration is performed by arranging the geophysical exploration line for the exploration area, and the underground structure of the exploration area is interpreted according to the ground electrical exploration data, and the specific process includes:
[0069] The geophysical exploration line is arranged around the tailings pond, and the exploration points are arranged densely in the downstream direction of the tailings pond, and the underground resistivity data are obtained by using the high-density resistivity method;
[0070] The underground water-conducting and water-rich stratum structure of the tailings pond and the surrounding area is interpreted according to the resistivity data, and the groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge conditions are analyzed.
[0071] In this embodiment, the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the study area have been preliminarily understood through ground investigation, and ground geophysical exploration is needed to further understand the geological information of the deep stratum of the entire study area. Ground electrical exploration is a powerful means to understand the lower geology and geological structure. The depth of groundwater pollution caused by tailings pond leakage is generally within 150m, and the high-density resistivity method is suitable for exploration work.
[0072] In the above embodiment, preferably, the density of the exploration points on the geophysical exploration line is 5 meters per point, and the exploration points are arranged densely in the downstream of the tailings pond, the low-resistance anomaly and high-resistance anomaly resistivity data within 150 meters of the underground are obtained by using the high-density resistivity method, the underground water-conducting and water-rich stratum and structure of the tailings pond and the surrounding area are interpreted, and the groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge conditions are further analyzed to provide a basis for the next ground drilling.
[0073] In the above embodiment, preferably, the drilling target points are set according to the underground structure, and drilling work is performed, the hydrogeological test and experiment are performed based on the drill hole, the leakage pollution condition is analyzed according to the test and experiment results, and the specific process includes:
[0074] According to the underground water-conducting and water-rich stratum and structure of the tailings pond and the surrounding area obtained by the ground high-density resistivity method exploration, the drilling target points are set for the drilling work in the typical section, and the drill holes are preferably arranged around the tailings pond and densely arranged in the downstream area;
[0075] The drill hole is subjected to well cementing and well washing operation, and the test and experiment operation of pumping test, water pressure test, tracer test, in-hole visual imaging and in-hole geophysical exploration are performed on the drill hole;
[0076] The hydrogeological conditions of the exploration area are determined according to the test and experiment results, the pollutant migration and diffusion of the groundwater in the exploration area are analyzed, and the pollution source, pollution channel and pollution mechanism of the tailings pond leakage pollution are inferred.
[0077] Specifically, geological logging and simple hydrological observation are performed during the drilling process, and the core crushing degree, core fracture joint and karst hole development and drilling fluid consumption are recorded to infer the void development and water enrichment and conduction conditions of the lower stratum.
[0078] In the above embodiment, preferably, the pumping test is used to obtain the hydrogeological parameters of the lower aquifer;
[0079] The pressure water test is used to obtain the permeability of the lower stratum;
[0080] The tracer test is a tracer test between drill holes or between a percolation pool and a drill hole, which is used to find out the connectivity of groundwater in different areas;
[0081] The borehole imaging is used to obtain the complete image data of the borehole wall to observe the development of faults, fracture zones, fractures, joints or solution holes, caves and solution spaces in the stratum of the drill hole;
[0082] The borehole geophysical exploration includes hole CT and inter-hole CT, which is used to obtain the water enrichment and structure development of the stratum around the drill hole or between the drill holes.
[0083] In the above embodiment, preferably, the core drilling is used for the drilling target, the drill hole spacing is 5-50 meters, the drill hole diameter is not less than 91 millimeters, and the drill hole depth is 10-150 meters.
[0084] In the above embodiment, preferably, water samples are collected from different water bodies and different times in the exploration area for chemical testing, and the migration rule of the leakage pollutants of the tailings pond is analyzed according to the test results, and the specific process includes:
[0085] According to different sequences of the wet season, dry season and normal water period, the sampling time is set according to different water bodies in the exploration area;
[0086] Water samples are collected from the drill holes in the exploration area, and the collected water samples are subjected to chemical testing;
[0087] According to the water chemical type and characteristics of different water samples obtained by general test items, the abnormal conditions are compared and judged with the surrounding non-polluted groundwater;
[0088] According to the special test items, the concentrations of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants are compared with the relevant standard limits to analyze the over-standard conditions of different water samples;
[0089] According to the comparative analysis results, the migration rule of the leakage pollutants of the tailings pond is analyzed.
[0090] Specifically, hydrogeochemical exploration plays a key role in the evaluation of the degree of pollution caused by the seepage of tailings ponds. After the seepage of the tailings pond leachate, the shallow groundwater at the bottom of the pond is first polluted. The contaminated groundwater releases specific elements during the flow process, forming identifiable hydrogeochemical anomalies. Through these anomalies, the hydrogeological conditions can be inverted, and the causes of pollution, the source of pollution, the pollution channel and the pollution intensity can be analyzed.
[0091] Hydrogeochemical exploration first collects water samples from different water bodies, including exploration boreholes, water wells, springs, surface water bodies, tailings pond leachate, and the like in the surrounding area of the tailings pond. In the downstream area of the tailings pond, the sampling can be densified. In terms of sampling time, several sequences can be independently set. One sample can be taken in the wet season, the dry season, and the normal water period, respectively. One sample can be taken before and after the rainfall, respectively. Each time of sampling is collected according to the relevant specifications.
[0092] After the sample collection, the samples are sent to a laboratory with testing capability for testing in a timely manner. The general test items include the tests of pH, K + , Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl - , SO4 2- , HCO3 - , CO3 2- , mineralization, and total hardness. The special test items are determined according to the main components of the tailings pond leachate, which are usually heavy metal ions and organic pollutants.
[0093] After the water sample testing, the water chemical types and characteristics of different water samples are calculated according to the general test items. The comparison is made between the water samples and the surrounding groundwater that is not polluted to determine whether there is an anomaly.
[0094] The test concentrations of the special test items are compared with the relevant standard limits of the state to analyze the over-standard conditions of different water samples.
[0095] The water samples in different areas are compared with the water sample data collected in the early stage. Through the analysis of the chemical composition and component characteristics of the groundwater in different areas, the degree and change of the pollution of the tailings pond and the surrounding groundwater are analyzed. The migration rule of the pollutants after the seepage of the tailings pond is analyzed to provide a scientific basis for the pollution tracing, diffusion characteristics, and treatment of the tailings pond seepage pollution.
[0096] According to the tailings pond seepage pollution exploration method disclosed in the above embodiments, the following beneficial effects are achieved:
[0097] 1) The method is suitable for the exploration of tailing pond leakage pollution in southern China. The technical method is used to maximize the accuracy of tailing pond pollution exploration, find out the pollution source, pollution channel and pollution range, find out the pollution causes and mechanism, and provide scientific basis for the later pollution control project, so as to minimize the cost and risk of tailing pond leakage pollution control; It also provides a working mode and reference for pollution exploration in the same industry, and has strong guidance.
[0098] 2) The tailing pond leakage pollution exploration is the core link of the tailing pond environmental risk prevention and control, and is the basic guarantee of pollution control. It is not only a technical means to solve specific environmental problems, but also a basic engineering to promote the transformation of mining industry.
[0099] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A method of investigating seepage pollution of a tailings pond, characterized by, The application relates to a tailing pond leakage pollution exploration method. The method comprises the following steps: collecting hydrogeological and pollution status data of a tailing pond, and determining a leakage pollution exploration area of the tailing pond; using a UAV to survey and photograph the exploration area, and obtaining a topographic map and three-dimensional images of the tailing pond; based on the topographic map and three-dimensional images of the tailing pond, sampling and testing geological points and hydrological points of the exploration area, and establishing a hydrological and geological space distribution sketch model of the exploration area; arranging geophysical exploration lines in the exploration area to perform ground electrical prospecting, and obtaining underground structures of the exploration area according to ground electrical prospecting data; setting drilling target points according to the underground structures and performing drilling work, and performing hydrogeological testing and experiments based on the drilling holes, and analyzing leakage pollution conditions according to the testing and experiment results; 2. The method for investigating seepage pollution of a tailings pond according to claim 1, characterized in that, collecting water samples of different water bodies and at different times in the exploration area to perform chemical testing, and analyzing migration rules of leakage pollutants of the tailing pond according to the testing results. The collecting of the hydrogeological and pollution status data of the tailing pond comprises the following steps: collecting regional overview data of the tailing pond, including meteorological, topographic, geological, hydrogeological, soil and hydrological data; collecting engineering and technical data of the tailing pond, including design, construction, operation and whole-stage technical data of the tailing pond closure, including but not limited to engineering design reports, construction summary reports, completion acceptance reports, environmental impact assessment reports, supervision reports, environmental monitoring reports and engineering exploration reports; 3. The method for investigating seepage pollution of a tailings pond according to claim 1, characterized in that, collecting service data of the tailing pond after leakage pollution occurs, including investigation, monitoring and construction data. The sampling and testing exploration of the geological points and hydrological points of the exploration area, and the establishment of the hydrological and geological space distribution sketch model of the exploration area comprise the following steps: selecting typical geological points and hydrological points, and setting investigation routes of the exploration area by using a crossing method and a tracking method to perform sampling and testing exploration; 4. The method for investigating seepage pollution of a tailings pond according to claim 1, characterized in that, determining topography, stratum age, lithological characteristics, geological structures and underground water recharge, runoff and discharge conditions of the exploration area according to the testing results, and establishing the hydrological and geological space distribution sketch model of the exploration area. The ground electrical prospecting of the exploration area by arranging geophysical exploration lines comprises the following steps: arranging the geophysical exploration lines around the tailing pond, and densely arranging exploration points in a downstream direction of the tailing pond, and using a high-density resistivity method to obtain underground resistivity data; 5. The method of claim 4, wherein, interpreting the underground water-conducting and water-rich stratum structures of the tailing pond and the surrounding area according to the resistivity data, and analyzing underground water recharge, runoff and discharge conditions.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The density of the exploration points on the geophysical exploration lines is 5 meters per point, and the exploration points are densely arranged in the downstream of the tailing pond, and high-density resistivity method is used to obtain low-resistance anomaly and high-resistance anomaly resistivity data within 150 meters of the underground. The drilling target points are set according to the underground structures of the exploration area, and drilling work is performed, and hydrogeological testing and experiments are performed based on the drilling holes, and leakage pollution conditions are analyzed according to the testing and experiment results. The drilling is subjected to cementing and washing operation, and is subjected to pumping test, water pressure test, tracer test, borehole imaging and borehole geophysical test; The hydrogeological condition of the exploration area is determined according to the test and experiment results, the pollutant migration and diffusion of the groundwater in the exploration area are analyzed, and the pollution source, pollution channel and pollution mechanism of the tailings leakage pollution are inferred.
7. The method of seepage pollution survey of a tailings pond according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pumping test is used to obtain the hydrogeological parameters of the lower aquifer; The water pressure test is used to obtain the permeability of the lower stratum; The tracer test is a test between the boreholes or between the leachate collection tank and the borehole, which is used to find out the connectivity of the groundwater in different areas; The borehole imaging is used to obtain the complete image data of the borehole wall, so as to observe the development of faults, fracture zones, fissures, joints or solution pores, caves and solution spaces in the borehole stratum; The borehole geophysical test includes borehole CT and inter-borehole CT, which is used to obtain the water enrichment and structure development of the stratum around the borehole or between the boreholes.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein, The drilling target is subjected to coring drilling, the drilling spacing is 5-50 meters, the drilling diameter is not less than 91 mm, and the drilling depth is 10-150 meters.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein, The water samples collected from different water bodies and different times in the exploration area are subjected to chemical test, and the migration rule of the leakage pollutants of the tailings is analyzed according to the test results, including: For different water bodies in the exploration area, the sampling time is set according to the different sequences of high flow period, dry season and normal water period; The water samples are collected from the boreholes in the exploration area, and the collected water samples are subjected to chemical test; The water chemical type and characteristics of different water samples are obtained according to the general test items, and are compared with the surrounding uncontaminated groundwater to judge the abnormal situation; The concentrations of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants are obtained according to the special test items, and are compared with the relevant standard limits to analyze the over-standard situation of different water samples; The migration rule of the leakage pollutants of the tailings is obtained according to the comparative analysis results.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein, The general test items include pH, K + , Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl - , SO4 2- , HCO3 - , CO3 2- , mineralization and total hardness tests.