Wide-angle anti-reflection film and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of anti-reflection films, in particular to a wide-angle anti-reflection film and application thereof. The invention discloses a wide-angle anti-reflection film, which is characterized in that ordered assembly and arrangement are finally completed through a BARC preparation process of core-shell particle autonomous arrangement and precise control of core variables such as particle concentration gradient distribution, solvent phase change dynamic rate and base material interface characteristic parameters. Quantitative detection data proves that the surface reflection loss of the BARC material is effectively restrained in a wide spectrum coverage and multi-angle incidence scene, and the light transmission performance is improved in a breakthrough manner. Practical application scene test results prove that the BARC coating remarkably strengthens the light capture efficiency and the current output density of the photovoltaic module, and the BARC coating also shows excellent synergistic performance in the field of photo-thermal conversion devices. The research results powerfully prove the strategic application potential of the BARC technology in the fields of photoelectric system engineering, new energy development and frontier materials.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of anti-reflection film, in particular to a wide-angle anti-reflection film and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Light is an important energy carrier in nature, playing a key role in biological systems and energy supply. In the field of energy, light is a clean and renewable energy, enabling the sustainable development of the photovoltaic industry. However, light reflected from the surface can cause low energy conversion efficiency, pollution, and glare, thereby limiting the production of the present application. However, there are some special methods to solve this problem, such as anti-reflection, light trapping, light scattering, and light diffraction. Solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and organic light-emitting diodes all use these technologies. In terms of reducing Fresnel reflection loss on the surface of materials, anti-reflection coatings (ARCs) are an important way, which are widely used in gradient refractive index (GRIN). At present, there are mainly two schemes to achieve high-efficiency ARC: anti-reflection layers (such as single-layer, double-layer, and multi-layer coatings) and bionic moth-eye nanostructure arrays, i.e., gradient refractive index coatings. Multi-layer thin films use destructive interference at different interfaces to reduce reflection, but have problems such as poor durability and mechanical stability, and narrow application range. Through long evolution, the surfaces of living organisms have formed diverse micro / nano structures, such as the subwavelength structures (SWSs) on the corneal lens surfaces of insect compound eyes of moths, hummingbirds, and the like, and similar structures on the highly transparent wing surfaces of some moths, cicadas, and butterflies. These structures make the refractive index gradually change and avoid light reflection, providing inspiration for the development of bionic materials. Bionic moth-eye nanostructures perform well in terms of robustness, mechanical stability, and durability, and become a more powerful AR material scheme.

[0003] In recent years, many research teams have followed the ingenious design of nature and constructed various AR functional materials based on nanostructures. Such materials have direct application potential and can serve as AR coatings or optical thin films. At the same time, the introduction of bionic microstructure arrays into the material system has significantly improved the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules and display devices by extending the effective optical path and suppressing multiple internal reflection. The hierarchical micro / nano composite structure inspired by nature exhibits unique research value, and its advantages come from the simultaneous reduction of surface Fresnel reflection loss and the regulation of incident light propagation path.

[0004] Although such AR materials exhibit superior performance in wide-band antireflection, their industrialization process still faces several technical bottlenecks. The core challenges focus on the optimal AR configuration, substrate material selection and preparation process development and other aspects. The key problem is that excellent AR characteristics are usually derived from the interaction of multiple physical elements. This requires deep learning from the evolution of natural wisdom and breaking through existing cognitive frameworks. At present, it is urgent to develop a biomimetic AR interface that can withstand extreme temperature changes, resist chemical corrosion and have excellent mechanical toughness. At the same time, simple and inexpensive large-scale preparation schemes must be explored, which is crucial for promoting the innovation of optical management materials and will bring breakthroughs in many fields such as energy utilization and display technology. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a wide-angle antireflection coating and its application to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0006] The present application is realized by the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present application provides a wide-angle antireflection coating, which comprises a silica-PMAA hybrid core-shell structure embedded in a polyvinylpyrrolidone / PMAA polymer composite layer. The silica core-shell structure contains a special structure PMAA formed by collapse and is doped with 3.8% concentration of TEA+ ions. The mass ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone to PMAA is 175:1, and the concentration of silica precursor TEOS is 2.5%.

[0007] In a second aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of a wide-angle antireflection coating, comprising the following steps: (1) Put the polymethacrylic acid in a beaker and heat in a water bath. Slowly add TEAH to dissolve the polymethacrylic acid with TEAH; (2) Stir the prepared polymethacrylic acid-TEAH solution for 20 minutes, add ethanol to the beaker, stir at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then add 0.1 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone and stir for 30 minutes; (3) Add tetraethyl silicate dropwise to the above solution to obtain a light blue solution. Hydrolysis is carried out in an alkaline environment, and stirring is carried out at 25 °C for 12 hours to obtain a milky white silica core-shell colloidal solution; (4) Soak the glass sheet in the prepared solution, control the speed to pull it out, and prepare the precursor solution in the container. Place a glass sheet on the immersion coating machine and immerse it in the precursor solution. Then soak for 2 minutes, pull it out at a speed of 500 mm / min, and dry at room temperature. The coating is formed. After coating, dry at room temperature.

[0008] In a third aspect, the present application provides a wide-angle antireflection coating for multi-application of biomimetic antireflection coating: (1) In the field of display devices and eyewear products, the glare suppression characteristics significantly improve visual recognition; (2) For large-area photovoltaic modules and solar cell modules, the anti-reflection function substantially improves light energy capture and electrical energy conversion efficiency, while realizing the adaptability of various glass substrates; (3) For photothermal material systems, the radiation absorption efficiency can be enhanced and the energy conversion parameters can be optimized, thereby expanding the application potential in photothermal diagnosis and treatment and energy utilization fields; In a fourth aspect, the application provides a wide-angle anti-reflection film in a biomimetic anti-reflection coating in a core-shell particle biomimetic moth-eye anti-reflection architecture system.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages: 1. The application discloses a wide-angle anti-reflection film, which is prepared by a BARC preparation process of self-arrangement of core-shell particles, and through precise control of core variables such as particle concentration gradient distribution, solvent phase change dynamic rate and substrate interface characteristic parameters, the ordered arrangement is finally completed. Quantitative detection data proves that under the wide spectrum coverage and multi-angle incidence scene, the surface reflection loss of the BARC material is effectively suppressed, and the light transmission performance is improved.

[0010] 2. The BARC coating significantly enhances the light trapping efficiency and current output density of the photovoltaic module, and also shows excellent efficiency in the photothermal conversion device category. The above research results prove the strategic application potential of BARC technology in the fields of optoelectronic system engineering, new energy development and frontier materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0011] The application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0012] Figure 1 (a) Photos and SEM of moth eyes under different magnifications, (b) schematic diagram of anti-reflection coating and application; Figure 2 The transmittance and reflectance of the anti-reflection coating prepared by hydrolysis of silicon dioxide catalyzed by TEAH and ammonia, respectively, are compared; Figure 3 (a, b) Transmittance and reflectance of BARC with different PMAA contents, (c, d) Transmittance and reflectance of BARC with different TEOS contents Figure 4 (a) Transmittance and reflectance of BARC prepared in different pH environments, (b) comparison of transmittance and reflectance of BARC and glass, (c) reflectance of anti-reflection coating on FTO and ITO glass substrates Figure 5(a) Schematic diagram of BARC dip coating, (b, c) transmittance, reflectance of different dip coating speeds Figure 6 (a) Schematic diagram of BARC multi-angle test, (b, c, d, e, f) transmittance and reflectance at 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 ° angles, (g) comparison of average transmittance and reflectance at each angle Figure 7 (a) Solar power pumping physical map, (b) schematic diagram of solar power pumping, (c) comparison of pumping amount of different coatings, (d) open circuit voltage of solar panels of different layers Figure 8 (a) Organic photovoltaic device physical map, (b) J-V diagram of BARC and ordinary glass and organic photovoltaic device without covering, (c) EQE diagram of BARC and ordinary glass and organic photovoltaic device without covering, (d) photoelectric conversion efficiency of BARC and ordinary glass and organic photovoltaic device without covering Figure 9 The electron microscope image of the core-shell particle is shown in Figure 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0014] Experimental reagents and instruments Experimental raw materials and chemical reagents Table 1.1 Main experimental raw materials and reagents Reagent name Purity Manufacturer Tetraethyl silicate Analytically pure Shanghai Maikelin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Polymethyl methacrylate Reagent grade Shanghai Maikelin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Anhydrous ethanol Analytically pure National Pharmaceutical Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Hydrochloric acid Analytically pure National Pharmaceutical Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Ammonia Analytically pure Shanghai Maikelin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Sodium hydroxide Analytically pure National Pharmaceutical Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone K23-27 Shanghai Maikelin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide 25 wt.% in H2O Shanghai Maikelin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0015] Experimental instruments and equipment Table 1.2 Main instruments used in the experiment Name Model Manufacturer Analytical balance ZB603C Mettler-Toledo Instruments Co., Ltd. Ultrasonic cleaner KQ-50B Kunshan Ultrasonic Instruments Co., Ltd. Vacuum drying oven DZF-6020 Yingyu Hua Instruments Factory, Gongyi City Electric heating constant temperature blast drying oven DHG-9070A Yingyu Hua Instruments Co., Ltd., Gongyi City Dip coater L2006A1 Wuhan Mayekawa Technology Co., Ltd. Ultraviolet-visible near infrared spectrophotometer Cary5000 Sage Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Infrared thermal imager UTI160H China UNI-T Company Keithley multimeter Keithley DMM7510 Tektronix Technology Co., Ltd. Quantum efficiency test system CME-SPEC Zhongke Micro Energy (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd.

[0016] Example 1 Preparation of BARC (1) 0.7 g of polymethacrylic acid was placed in a beaker and heated in a water bath, and 17.5 ml of tetraethylammonium hydroxide was slowly added to dissolve the polymethacrylic acid with tetraethylammonium hydroxide.

[0017] (2) The prepared ammonium solution was stirred for 20 minutes, 450 ml of ethanol was added to the beaker, and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Then 0.1 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone was added and stirred for 30 min.

[0018] (3) 12.5 ml of tetraethyl orthosilicate was added dropwise into the above solution to obtain a light blue solution, which was hydrolyzed in a basic environment and stirred at 25 °C for 12 hours to finally obtain a milky white silica core-shell colloidal solution. The glass sheet was immersed in the prepared solution and pulled out at a controlled speed. The coating was prepared using a dip coater to control the speed (500 mm / min). After coating, it was dried at room temperature.

[0019] Example 2 Characterization of BARC (1) Field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) The scanning electron microscope was tested on a Hitachi Regulus 8220, and the energy spectrum test used a Bruker XFlash 6160 to adhere a trace amount of powder sample to a conductive glue, and then observed after gold spraying. The microstructure characteristics of the sample can be clearly observed by scanning electron microscope, and the elemental composition of the sample surface can be analyzed by energy spectrum.

[0020] (2) Transmission electron microscope (TEM) The transmission electron microscope measurement was performed on a JEOL JEM-2100 high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The transmission electron microscope can observe the thickness of the sample under the microscope, and the crystal lattice fringes of the sample can be clearly observed under high magnification. This corresponds to the lattice spacing of the material.

[0021] (3) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) The XPS related data was collected from Scientific ESCALAB Xi + Through the analysis of XPS data, the structural information of the material at the molecular level can be obtained, and the valence state information of the atomic composition can be further obtained. In addition, XPS data can also obtain information related to the chemical bond of the material.

[0022] (4) Laser particle size analysis (DLS) The particle size analysis was performed on a Zetasizer Nano ZS90. Ethanol was used as the dilution solvent during the analysis process. A cuvette containing 99% anhydrous ethanol was used as the reference sample, and all the test solutions were added to another cuvette.

[0023] (5) Ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer The transmittance was measured on an ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer (UV-2600, Shimadzu, Japan). The obtained BARC was coated on a glass slide (7.5 cm x 2.5 cm). The original glass slide was used as a control. The test wavelength range was 400 nm to 2500 nm. (6) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Infrared spectroscopy characterization was performed using a Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS20 spectrometer, by compressing the particle powder with potassium bromide powder into tablets. Analysis of the infrared spectral data yielded information regarding molecular rotation and vibration within the sample.

[0024] (7) Quantum efficiency test system measurement (EQE) The sample is placed on the surface of the battery, the voltage applied to the two electrodes is adjusted, and the corresponding current values ​​are collected. Based on the IV characteristic curve analysis, core parameters such as open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), and fill factor (FF) can be extracted. Photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE), as one of the core standards for evaluating the performance of solar cells, is obtained through IV characteristic curve calculation and characterizes the ability to convert light energy into electrical energy.

[0025] Results and Discussion BARC Design and Application according to Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the complete structure, morphology, preparation mechanism, and wide range of applications of biomimetic antireflective coatings. Figure 1 This study clearly reveals the structure of the compound eye of moths in nature. Using magnification and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microscopic images of the compound eye at different magnifications, along with SEM images, jointly reveal its unique microscopic configuration. This structural feature originates from highly ordered submicron-scale protrusions, each with dimensions controlled within the micro-nano range. The surface exhibits regular smoothness and homogeneous distribution. This intricate structure significantly suppresses light reflection and optimizes transmission efficiency, which is precisely the key reason why moths possess a visual adaptation mechanism in dark environments. Figure 1 This section focuses on the construction scheme of a core-shell microparticle self-assembly antireflective coating inspired by the compound eye of organisms. The regular array arrangement formed on the substrate surface maintains biomimetic similarity to the prototype biological structure in terms of spacing parameters and spatial configuration, thus achieving approximate antireflective performance. This self-assembly process is mainly achieved by controlling variables such as microparticle concentration gradient, solvent evaporation kinetics, and substrate surface energy characteristics, ultimately prompting the microparticles to spontaneously form an ordered topological structure. The subsequent section will systematically explain the diverse applications of this biomimetic antireflective coating: in the field of display devices and eyepieces, its glare suppression properties significantly improve visual recognition; for large-area photovoltaic modules and solar cell modules, the antireflective function substantially improves light capture and power conversion efficiency, while achieving adaptability to various glass substrates; for photothermal material systems, it can enhance radiation absorption efficiency and optimize energy conversion parameters, thereby expanding its application potential in photothermal diagnosis and treatment and energy utilization. This demonstrates that biomimetic antireflective technology has significant technological value in the fields of optical engineering, new energy development, and advanced materials.

[0026] Figure 2 The performance characteristics of the anti-reflective coating are visually presented by data. The contrast chart clearly shows the optical performance difference of the PMAA@SiO2core-shell structure coating prepared by using tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAH) and ammonia (NH3·H2O) as catalysts, respectively. The TEAH system shows significant advantages: the transmittance peak is more than 90% in the 500-2500 nm waveband, far exceeding the 80% of the ammonia system, which is due to the gradient refractive index structure formed by the TEAH-induced embedding of the PMAA network into the SiO2shell, effectively reducing light scattering; at the same time, the reflectivity of the TEAH coating is less than 2% in the visible light region (500-1500 nm), which is only 1 / 3 of the ammonia system, which is due to the gradual interface and dense and uniform SiO2shell formed by the synergistic effect of TEA+ions and PMAA. In contrast, the ammonia system has obvious reflectivity fluctuations (peak value 6%) due to pH fluctuations and structural defects. The dual mechanism of ionic base: catalytic hydrolysis: TEAH provides a stable OH- source to promote uniform hydrolysis of TEOS, forming a dense SiO2shell; anti-reflective trigger: TEA+ions interact with PMAA carboxyl groups, inducing PMAA chain stretching and embedding into the SiO2shell, forming a refractive index gradient structure (PMAA core 1.49 → transition layer → SiO2shell 1.23), achieving wide-band anti-reflection (400-800 nm reflectivity <1%).

[0027] Compared with traditional stacked SiO2particle coatings, the present application realizes a breakthrough through the dual regulation of TEAH (tetraethylammonium hydroxide) solution: on the one hand, TEAH as an ionic base efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of TEOS, promoting the precise formation of PMAA-SiO2core-shell structure; on the other hand, TEA+ions in the solution orderly arrange the core-shell particles through electrostatic interaction, building a highly regular interpenetrating network structure. This unique ionic regulation mechanism not only eliminates the interface scattering effect in traditional coatings, but also realizes optical synergistic enhancement through the orderly arrangement of particles. Experimental data show that this technology makes the transmittance of the coating exceed 98% and the reflectivity decrease to below 1%, exhibiting excellent anti-reflective performance. This dual function (structure construction + particle arrangement) of TEAH solution provides a new high-performance coating solution for photovoltaic glass, optical lenses and other devices.

[0028] Performance of anti-reflective coatings prepared based on different component regulation This embodiment shows the influence of core-shell particles with different raw material contents on the optical performance of the anti-reflective coating, and the performance of the finally optimized anti-reflective coating compared with ordinary glass and its adaptability to different substrate materials. Figure 3a,b respectively analyzes the influence of different content of PMAA on the transmittance and reflectivity of core-shell particles. The results show that the increase of PMAA content can reduce the reflectivity and improve the transmittance to a certain extent, but the effect will weaken when the content exceeds the optimal value. Specifically, this is closely related to the structure of the core-shell particles. At the same time, when the content of PMAA is slightly more, a part of PMAA will be free in the colloidal solution. Due to the alkaline environment, the electrostatic repulsion of PMAA will help the self-assembly of particles. This shows that the content of PMAA (optimal content 0.15%) needs to be accurately controlled to achieve the ideal optical performance.

[0029] Figure 3 c,d studies the influence of different TEOS content on the transmittance and reflectivity of core-shell particles. When the content is low, the silica shell is thin, and the optical performance is limited; when the content is high, the shell is thick, the reflectivity is reduced, and the transmittance is improved. However, too high content may lead to particle aggregation and film defects, so there is an optimal TEOS content. Specifically, with the increase of TEOS content, the silica shell gradually thickens, which can more effectively reduce light reflection and improve transmittance. However, if the TEOS content exceeds the critical threshold (2.5%), excessive silica may induce particle aggregation, promote structural heterogeneity, and cause deterioration of optical properties.

[0030] The transmission and reflection behavior of core-shell particles in different pH environments shows significant differences. Figure 4a systematically reveals the effect of pH parameters on the light propagation characteristics of core-shell systems. Experimental data confirms that pH has a decisive effect on optical response, and a specific pH range can minimize reflection characteristics and maximize transmission efficiency. When in alkaline medium, the dissociation of PMAA carboxyl group increases the negative charge density on the particle surface, strengthens the electrostatic repulsion effect, and supports the process of structural homogenization. However, extreme alkaline environment or uncontrolled TEOS hydrolysis can damage the regularity of the shell structure. By Figure 4 b systematic comparison, the difference between the optimized anti-reflective film and the conventional glass substrate in transmittance and reflectance parameters is clearly presented. The coating shows excellent anti-reflective performance, with significantly weakened reflection characteristics and more prominent light transmission compared to ordinary substrates, fully verifying the effectiveness of the process design. Based on quantitative analysis, the optimized coating has a transmittance increase of 10-20% in the visible-near infrared range, and a reflectivity decrease of about 5-15%, which has engineering value for improving the performance of optoelectronic devices. When evaluating ITO, FTO and other photoelectric glass substrates, BARC still shows ideal anti-reflective performance, confirming its material universal advantage. This broad-spectrum adaptation creates possibilities for expanding applications, especially in the fields of photovoltaic conversion and display panels (such as LCD, OLED, etc.), which are of great significance for the development of the glass industry. Figure 4 c) has special technical value.

[0031] The application deeply explores how the immersion coating rate affects the overall anti-reflection performance, and visualizes the mechanical action between the substrate and the liquid by means of a schematic diagram. The schematic diagram embodies the meniscus formation mechanism of the glass surface in detail, and analyzes multiple action elements such as surface tension, gravity and adhesion of the fluid. The immersion rate, fluid viscosity and interfacial tension and other variables will restrict the liquid film spreading behavior, and ultimately determine the optical quality of the coating. Precise grasp of these mechanical balances provides theoretical support for the optimization of process parameters, and then prepares a high-performance anti-reflection coating. Figure 5 a}.

[0032] Figure 3 .5 b and c compare the optical response characteristics of the coating at different immersion coating rates. As can be seen from Figure 5 f, the reflection intensity shows a trend of first suppression and then rise with the acceleration of immersion coating. When the rate is increased to 500 mm / min, the reflection index shows a relatively low characteristic; when the speed is reduced to 200 mm / min, the value rises significantly; and when 100 mm / min and 50 mm / min are used, the reflection intensity continues to rise. This confirms that there is an ideal immersion coating rate window (500 mm / min) that can make the coating reach the lowest reflection level. Figure 5 g reveals that the light transmission performance is negatively correlated with the immersion coating rate, and the transmission index reaches a peak at 500 mm / min, and falls to a valley at 50 mm / min.

[0033] For the wide-area anti-reflection characteristics of the BARC material, the application uses UV-Vis-NIR technology to detect the transmission / reflection behavior at multiple angles. As shown in 6, by comparing with ordinary glass substrates, the optical advantages of the coating under oblique incidence conditions are fully verified. Figure 6 aThe detection configuration of different incident angles (15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °) is revealed in the form of a schematic diagram, and the propagation trajectories of the incident, reflected and transmitted light beams are clearly marked.

[0034] From Figure 6 b to 6 f, the data shows that the reflection loss of the BARC sample (sample-R) under each incident condition is much lower than that of the ordinary glass (glass-R), and the transmission gain (sample-T) continuously exceeds that of the substrate (glass-T). Specifically, at 15° incidence ( Figure 6 b), the BARC maintains a reflection level below 5% in the 400-800 nm wavelength band, while the glass substrate reflection value is close to 10%. As the incident angle increases ( Figure 6c-f), although the reflectance value increased slightly, it was still effectively controlled within 10% at 45 ° and 60 ° incidence, which was significantly better than the glass substrate with a reflectance loss of more than 15%. The transmission spectrum data further confirmed that the BARC always has higher light transmission efficiency in the entire detection waveband.

[0035] Figure 6 The polar coordinate graph of g illustrates the reflection and transmission behavior of BARC with the evolution of the incident angle. Experimental data show that the material has excellent broadband antireflection ability in the full angle range of 15 °-75 °. The reflection intensity is significantly lower than that of the reference glass sample, and the light transmission effect is effectively improved. This wide-angle optical response is rooted in the gradual configuration of BARC, and its design concept comes from the bionics paradigm (such as the moth eye micro-nano structure), achieving effective control of interface reflection and coordinated optimization of electromagnetic coupling.

[0036] From the perspective of material engineering, the performance parameters of BARC are at the forefront of the industry, and its advantages can be traced back to the special core-shell architecture and refractive index gradient control scheme. Through precise adjustment of thickness and refractive parameters, the composite system can offset the interference of multi-band electromagnetic oscillation, thereby promoting the systematic reduction of reflection effect. This core-shell configuration holds the material's optical performance at extreme incident angles.

[0037] Example 3 Application of antireflection coating Through actual simulation means, the present application systematically describes the performance and gain characteristics of the antireflection coating in the light energy field. From the light-driven water pump device to the power generation module with advanced photoelectric conversion capability, these practical cases collectively demonstrate the core value of the antireflection coating.

[0038] Figure 7 The visual presentation of a shows that the photovoltaic panel on the support structure is oriented at the best angle to the radiation source, maximizing the capture of irradiance intensity. The group of figures ( Figure 7 b) details the physical process of converting photon energy into electrical energy, as well as the fluid transport mechanism driven by it. It is particularly noteworthy that the coating surface enhances the capture of incident light, and this optical control significantly promotes the overall improvement of system performance. Figure 7 c compares the water transport capacity of three types of light-transmitting media (coated glass, regular glass, and PDMS-coated glass) under the equivalent illumination of 1462 W / m². The timing data clearly show that at the 50-second test point, the water transport capacity of the coated sample approaches 1200 mL, which is significantly better than the 800 mL of the ordinary sample and the 1000 mL of the PDMS sample. Figure 7 d tests the open-circuit voltage of the solar panel under the same light intensity.

[0039] Figure 8 aThrough the physical map, the structural features and morphological details of the organic photovoltaic module are intuitively represented. The arrangement mode of the layered stacked semiconductor material and the detection electrode provides structural basis for evaluating the improvement effect of the coating technology on the photoelectric parameters of the device. Figure 8 bThe volt-ampere characteristic curve reveals that when a 0.5 V bias is applied, the current density index (about 12 mA / cm²) of the coated protective assembly is close to the 15 mA / cm² reference value of the bare device and significantly better than the 10 mA / cm² level of the ordinary glass protection group. This electrical parameter comparison strongly supports the engineering value of the antireflection process in the application scenario of the light transmission medium in suppressing light loss.

[0040] At the same time, Figure 8 cThe external quantum efficiency (EQE) detection data of the photovoltaic assembly without a protective layer, the assembly covered with conventional glass, and the assembly assembled with antireflection coated glass are presented. As a core parameter for evaluating the photoelectron conversion efficiency, the EQE index intuitively reflects the ability of the device to capture photons to generate carriers. The data show that in the 300-1000 nm spectral range, the efficiency evolution law has a high consistency with the J-V characteristic curve. Especially in the 500-700 nm visible light band, the EQE value of the assembly configured with the antireflection coating approaches the 80% threshold, and compared with that, the corresponding values of the bare device and the conventional glass packaged device are maintained at the 90% and 70% levels, respectively. Figure 8 dThe final photoelectric conversion efficiency is shown, and it can be found that the conversion efficiency of the glass coated with the antireflection coating is very close to that of the bare photovoltaic device. This phenomenon confirms the strengthening effect of the antireflection treatment on the photoelectric conversion ability in the visible spectral region, thereby promoting the optimization of the overall performance of the device. It can be inferred that the antireflection coating technology has a substantial contribution to improving the output power of the photovoltaic system and the solar radiation utilization efficiency.

[0041] The present application creatively builds a core-shell particle biomimetic moth eye antireflection architecture system, and successfully achieves stable gain of light transmission characteristics in a wide angle range of 15 °-165 °. Based on the biomimetic principle of the micro / nano structure of the fly compound eye, a BARC preparation process with self-arrangement of core-shell particles is developed, and through precise control of core variables such as particle concentration gradient distribution, solvent phase change dynamic rate and substrate interface characteristic parameters, the ordered assembly arrangement is finally completed. Quantitative detection data prove that under the wide spectral coverage and multi-angle incidence scenario, the surface reflection loss of the BARC material is effectively suppressed, and the light transmission performance is improved.

[0042] The matching adaptability of the technology was verified on the surface of ITO / FTO transparent conductive substrate. The actual application scene test results confirmed that the BARC coating significantly strengthened the light trapping efficiency and current output density of photovoltaic modules, and also showed excellent efficiency in the field of photo-thermal conversion devices. The above research results have proved the strategic application potential of BARC technology in the fields of optoelectronic system engineering, new energy development and frontier materials.

Claims

1. A wide-angle antireflective and anti-reflective film, characterized by, The anti-reflection film is embedded in a polyvinylpyrrolidone / PMAA polymer composite layer by a silica-PMAA hybrid core-shell structure; wherein the silica core-shell structure contains a special structure PMAA formed by collapse, and is doped with 3.8% concentration of TEA+ ions; the mass ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone to PMAA is 175:1, and the concentration of silica precursor TEOS is 2.5%.

2. A method of producing the wide-angle antireflection film according to claim 1, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: (1) Put the polymethacrylic acid in a beaker, heat in a water bath, and slowly add TEAH to dissolve the polymethacrylic acid with TEAH; (2) Stir the prepared polymethacrylic acid-TEAH solution for 20 minutes, add ethanol to the beaker, stir at room temperature for 30 minutes, then add 0.1 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and stir for 30 min; (3) Add tetraethyl silicate dropwise to the above solution to obtain a light blue solution, hydrolyze in an alkaline environment, and stir at 25 °C for 12 hours to obtain a milky white silica core-shell colloidal solution; (4) Soak the glass sheet in the prepared solution, control the speed to pull it out, prepare the precursor solution in the container, place a glass sheet on the immersion coating machine, immerse it in the precursor solution, then soak for 2 minutes, pull it out at a speed of 500 mm / min, dry at room temperature, and the coating is formed. After coating, dry at room temperature.

3. The wide-angle anti-reflection film of claim 1 in the multi-element application of biomimetic anti-reflection coating, characterized in that, (1) In the field of display devices and eyepiece products, the glare suppression feature significantly improves visual recognition; (2) For large-area photovoltaic modules and solar cell modules, the anti-reflection function substantially improves light energy capture and electrical energy conversion efficiency, while achieving adaptability to various glass substrates; (3) For photothermal material systems, it can strengthen radiation absorption efficiency and optimize energy conversion parameters, thereby expanding its application potential in photothermal diagnosis and treatment and energy utilization fields.

4. The application of the wide-angle anti-reflection film of claim 1 in the core-shell particle biomimetic moth-eye anti-reflection architecture system.

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