Hydrological regulation and control system for surface mine slope

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine ecological restoration, in particular to a hydrological regulation and control system for a surface mine slope, which comprises multiple stages of ecological ditches arranged at intervals along the contour line of the surface mine slope, front-end acquisition equipment, a server and a far-end monitoring station. The ecological ditches at all levels and the ecological ditch at the lowest level and the drainage ditch at the slope bottom are connected through communicating pipes, electric flow regulating valves are arranged at the joints of the communicating pipes and the ecological ditches at all levels, and the ecological ditch at the uppermost level is connected with water supply and taking equipment. The front-end acquisition equipment acquires water level, flow velocity, rainfall and soil humidity data, the data processing module of the server dynamically calculates a threshold value based on the data acquired in real time, an instruction is generated according to a regulation and control rule, the valve and the water supply and taking equipment are regulated through the regulation and control execution module, and the far-end monitoring station receives state information and carries out manual processing. The system realizes runoff grading interception and water resource dynamic regulation and control, improves the water and soil conservation capability, and promotes ecological restoration.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of mines, and particularly relates to a hydrological regulation system for a slope of an open-pit mine. BACKGROUND

[0002] Open-pit mining is one of the main ways of mineral resource development, but large-scale excavation operations will directly damage the surface vegetation cover and the original topography, resulting in loose soil structure of the slope, significantly reduced erosion resistance, and further causing serious soil erosion problems. As an important facility for soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration of the slope of an open-pit mine, the ecological ditch plays a key role in ecological restoration, which not only can intercept slope runoff and reduce sediment loss, but also can create favorable moisture conditions for vegetation growth, which is of great significance to maintaining the ecological balance of the mine.

[0003] The existing slope protection of an open-pit mine has the following problems: the slope gradient formed by open-pit mining is much larger than that of ordinary natural slopes, the slope runoff has a high flow rate and strong scouring force, and the traditional downslope drainage ditch is easy to cause concentrated scouring and form deep erosion; the original topsoil layer is stripped during the mining process, and the slope is mainly composed of bare rock, gravel and disturbed soil, the soil permeability coefficient is low, and surface runoff is easy to form after rainfall instead of infiltration, and the amount of water and soil loss is much larger than that of ordinary slopes, while the interception capacity of the traditional ecological ditch is fixed and cannot respond to real-time runoff changes, and the traditional fixed threshold regulation method also cannot take preventive measures in advance when dealing with extreme hydrological events, such as when a sudden and continuous heavy rain occurs, the runoff cannot be quickly diverted due to insufficient interception capacity, the slope runoff accelerates under the action of gravity, the ditch body bears excessive water flow, and overflow and breach are easy to occur, resulting in aggravated water and soil loss. Therefore, the existing ecological ditch is difficult to effectively deal with the complex and variable slope runoff of an open-pit mine, and a dynamic hydrological regulation system specific to the particularity of the slope of an open-pit mine is urgently needed to realize graded interception of runoff, dynamic adaptation and regulation of water resources, and ecological collaborative restoration. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a hydrological regulation system for a slope of an open-pit mine, which can realize graded interception of runoff, dynamic adaptation and regulation of water resources, effectively improve the soil and water conservation capacity of the slope of an open-pit mine, and promote the sustainable restoration of the ecological environment of the open-pit mine.

[0005] The basic scheme provided by the present application is a hydrological regulation system for a slope of an open-pit mine, which comprises an ecological ditch, a front-end acquisition device, a server and a remote monitoring station.

[0006] The multi-stage ecological ditch is arranged along the contour lines of the open-pit mine slope at intervals, a drainage ditch is arranged at the slope bottom of the open-pit mine, a connecting pipe is arranged between adjacent ecological ditches and between the lowermost ecological ditch and the drainage ditch, an electric flow regulating valve is arranged at the interface of each ecological ditch and the connecting pipe, and the uppermost ecological ditch is connected with a water supply and taking device;

[0007] The server comprises a data processing module, a regulation and control execution module and a wireless communication module;

[0008] The front-end acquisition device comprises a rainfall sensor arranged at the slope top, water level sensors and flow rate sensors arranged in each ecological ditch, and soil humidity sensors buried in the slope above each ecological ditch, which are respectively used to acquire water level, flow rate, rainfall and soil humidity data and transmit the data to the data processing module;

[0009] The data processing module is used to dynamically calculate a current water level early warning threshold value, a water level danger threshold value, a flow rate early warning threshold value and a flow rate danger threshold value according to preset water level initial threshold values, flow rate initial threshold values and real-time acquired soil humidity data and rainfall data, the water level initial threshold values and the flow rate initial threshold values of each ecological ditch decrease from top to bottom along the open-pit mine slope, the dynamically calculated current water level early warning threshold value, the water level danger threshold value, the flow rate early warning threshold value and the flow rate danger threshold value all decrease with the increase of the soil humidity and the increase of the rainfall; based on the calculated threshold values and the real-time acquired data, a control instruction is generated according to a preset regulation and control rule and is sent to the regulation and control execution module, and at the same time, signal corresponding to early warning, danger and abnormal state information is transmitted to a remote monitoring station according to a judgment result;

[0010] The preset regulation and control rule comprises: if the water level or the flow rate of the current ecological ditch exceeds the early warning threshold value, the opening degree of the electric flow regulating valve of the current ecological ditch is increased to 80%; if the water level or the flow rate of the current ecological ditch exceeds the danger threshold value, the opening degree of the electric flow regulating valve of the current ecological ditch is increased to 100%, and if the current ecological ditch is not the uppermost ecological ditch, the opening degree of the electric flow regulating valve at the interface of the upper ecological ditch and the connecting pipe is simultaneously reduced to 50%; if the water level of the uppermost ecological ditch is lower than a preset lower limit value, the water supply and taking device is started to supplement water; if the water level of the uppermost ecological ditch exceeds the water level danger threshold value, the water supply and taking device is started to pump and discharge; if the multi-stage ecological ditches simultaneously trigger the threshold values, the rule corresponding to the danger threshold value is preferentially executed, and then the rule corresponding to the early warning threshold value is executed;

[0011] The regulation and control execution module is used to receive the control instruction, adjust the opening degrees of the electric flow regulating valves and the running state of the water supply and taking device;

[0012] The remote monitoring station and the data processing module perform data interaction through the wireless communication module, the remote monitoring station is used to receive and display early warning, danger and abnormal state information, and manually review and process the early warning, danger and abnormal state information.

[0013] The principle of the present application is that the slope runoff is intercepted by the multi-stage ecological ditch arranged along the slope contour line, the front-end collection device collects rainfall, water level, flow rate of each stage of ecological ditch and soil moisture data above the slope of each stage of ecological ditch in real time, and transmits to the data processing module, the data processing module dynamically calculates the warning threshold and the danger threshold of water level and flow rate based on the preset initial threshold, the real-time soil moisture and rainfall, the preset initial threshold of water level and flow rate decreases from top to bottom (the initial threshold of the uppermost stage of ecological ditch is the largest, and the initial threshold of the lowermost stage is the smallest), forming an initial control gradient of "wide at the top and strict at the bottom", the dynamically calculated thresholds are negatively correlated with soil moisture and rainfall, the real-time collected water level and flow rate data are compared with the warning threshold and the danger threshold, and the control instructions are generated according to the preset control rules, the opening degree of each electric flow regulating valve and the operation state of the water supply and taking equipment are adjusted by the control execution module, so that the dynamic control of the water flow in the ecological ditch is realized, at the same time, the data processing module sends various state information to the remote monitoring station, so that the staff can monitor and manually intervene.

[0014] When the water level or flow rate of the upper stage of ecological ditch triggers the warning or danger threshold, the opening degree of the electric flow regulating valve thereof is increased, and part of the water flow will be transferred to the lower stage of ecological ditch; in the case of heavy rain, since the initial threshold of the lower stage of ecological ditch is smaller, and the dynamically calculated warning threshold and danger threshold will be further reduced with the increase of rainfall data or soil moisture data, before the water flow of the upper stage reaches, the lower stage of ecological ditch has triggered the threshold and drained in advance (such as at the beginning of heavy rain, the lowermost stage of ecological ditch reaches the threshold first and increases the opening degree of the electric flow regulating valve), forming a cooperative mechanism of upper control and lower early flood discharge, avoiding the instantaneous overload of the lower stage of ecological ditch when a large amount of water flows into the upper stage, and realizing the step-by-step buffering and dispersion of risks.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present application are that: the multi-stage ecological ditch contour line arrangement realizes step-by-step interception of slope runoff, reduces the scouring force of water flow on the slope; through the dynamic adjustment of the electric flow regulating valve and the water supply and taking equipment, the water volume can be flexibly distributed according to the real-time hydrological conditions (water level, flow rate), avoiding overload of a single ecological ditch, effectively solving the problems of easy concentrated scouring of traditional down-slope drainage ditches and fixed interception capacity of traditional ecological ditches; through the front-end acquisition equipment, rainfall, soil moisture, water level and flow rate data are comprehensively monitored, the data processing module dynamically calculates the threshold value based on the preset initial threshold value and these real-time data, so that the regulation is more in line with the actual hydrological conditions of the current slope, compared with the traditional fixed threshold value regulation mode, it can respond more timely to extreme hydrological events and reduce the risk of overflow and collapse; the priority of the regulation rule and the multi-threshold value trigger is clear, different threshold values correspond to different electric flow regulating valve opening adjustment strategies, which can take appropriate regulation intensity according to the degree of danger, for example, when the dangerous threshold value is exceeded, the electric flow regulating valve of the current ecological ditch is fully opened to quickly drain water, and the inflow of the upper ecological ditch is appropriately limited to avoid excessive burden of the current ecological ditch; when encountering heavy rain, since the preset water level initial threshold value and flow rate initial threshold value decrease from top to bottom, at the initial stage of heavy rain, the water level or flow rate of the lowest ecological ditch reaches the warning threshold value first and increases the electric flow regulating valve opening, which vacates the ditch capacity in advance, reserves buffer space for the possible transferred water flow of the upper ecological ditch, and reduces the risk of excessive inflow of the lower ecological ditch; when encountering continuous heavy rain, all levels of ecological ditches exceed the dangerous threshold value, all levels of ecological ditches are adjusted according to the dangerous threshold value rule, that is, the electric flow regulating valve is fully opened, and at the same time, the dangerous information is transmitted to the remote monitoring station, which is convenient for subsequent manual review and processing; by clearly defining the start-stop and running state conditions of the water supply and taking equipment, and cooperating with the regulation rules of all levels of ecological ditches, the water level of all levels of ecological ditches is stabilized; the remote monitoring station receives the state information in real time, and the staff can manually review and process, realizing the combination of automatic regulation and manual intervention, improving the reliability and safety of system operation, and facilitating timely handling of emergency situations.

[0016] Further, the water level warning threshold value, the water level dangerous threshold value, the flow rate warning threshold value and the flow rate dangerous threshold value calculation formula are as follows:

[0017] H warning =k1·H base ·f(S)·g(P)

[0018] H danger =k2·H base ·f(S)·g(P)

[0019] v warning =k3·v base ·h(S)·i(P)

[0020] v donger =k4·vbase h(S)·i(P)

[0021] wherein H base v base are the initial threshold values of water level and flow velocity respectively preset according to the size of the ditch body; f(S) and h(S) are both decreasing functions of soil humidity S, f(S) ∈ (0, 1], h(S) ∈ (0, 1]; g(P) and i(P) are both decreasing functions of rainfall P, g(P) ∈ (0, 1], i(P) ∈ (0, 1]; k1, k2, k3, k4 are weight coefficients and satisfy k1 < k2, k3 < k4.

[0022] The scheme introduces the decreasing functions of soil humidity and rainfall, ensuring that the threshold values are reduced in the case of large soil humidity and rainfall, so that the system can issue an early warning and take control measures earlier, improving the scientificity and accuracy of the threshold values, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the system to complex hydrological conditions.

[0023] Further, the server further comprises a data storage module and a historical analysis module; the data storage module is configured to obtain real-time collection data from the front-end collection device and obtain control records from the control execution module and store them as historical data, the historical data comprising historical collection data and historical control records; the historical analysis module is configured to optimize the function parameters of f(S), g(P), h(S) and i(P) based on the historical data. By adding the data storage and historical analysis modules, the historical data is used to optimize the key function parameters in the system. As the system runs for a longer time, the historical data accumulates, and the historical analysis module can correct the function parameters based on these data, so that the functions f(S), g(P), h(S) and i(P) can more accurately reflect the relationship between the local soil humidity, rainfall and hydrological threshold values, thereby improving the accuracy of dynamic threshold calculation, making the control more accurate, and continuously optimizing the system performance.

[0024] Further, the ecological ditch comprises a ditch body and a water-permeable retaining dam arranged in the ditch body, the cross section of the ditch body is in a trapezoidal structure, the upper base width is greater than the lower base width; the retaining dam is made of water-permeable material and has a height lower than the depth of the ditch body. The trapezoidal cross section of the ditch body has good stability and can better adapt to the slope terrain; the water-permeable retaining dam can buffer and filter the water flow, reduce the amount of sediment carried by the water flow, and at the same time allow part of the water flow to penetrate and supplement the soil moisture of the slope, which is conducive to the growth of slope vegetation and enhances the water and soil conservation and ecological restoration functions of the ecological ditch.

[0025] Further, the water-permeable retaining dam surface is covered with a vegetation layer. Adding a vegetation layer to the water-permeable retaining dam surface, the root system of the vegetation can enhance the structural stability of the retaining dam and reduce water and soil loss of the dam body; at the same time, the vegetation can further slow down the water flow speed, improve the water purification effect, increase the ecological benefits of the ecological ditch, and promote the recovery of the slope ecological system.

[0026] Further, the water supply and taking device comprises a centrifugal pump with bidirectional conveying capacity, a water storage tank and a supporting pipeline valve system, and water is pumped from the uppermost ecological ditch or supplied to the uppermost ecological ditch through valve switching. The centrifugal pump with bidirectional conveying capacity, in cooperation with the water storage tank and the valve system, can flexibly realize the functions of water supply and pumping, supply water from the water storage tank when the water level of the uppermost ecological ditch is too low, and pump water to the water storage tank when the water level is too high, so as to ensure that the water level of the uppermost ecological ditch is within a reasonable range and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources and the flexibility of system regulation.

[0027] Further, Kalman filtering is used for noise reduction processing of the real-time collected data in the data processing module. Accurate data is the basis for dynamic threshold calculation and correct control instruction generation, and the use of Kalman filtering for noise reduction processing of the collected data can effectively remove noise interference in the data and improve the accuracy and reliability of the collected data.

[0028] Further, the communication pipe is arranged along the slope inclined surface. This arrangement conforms to the natural flow direction of water flow, can reduce the resistance of water flow in the communication pipe, make the water flow more smoothly between the ecological ditches at different levels and between the ecological ditches and the drainage ditch, improve the drainage efficiency, and avoid water accumulation in the ecological ditch due to excessive pipe resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The figure is a system module diagram of the embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the distribution of ecological ditches on the open-pit mine in the embodiment of the present application;

[0031] The reference signs in the description include: first-level ecological ditch 1, second-level ecological ditch 2, third-level ecological ditch 3, drainage ditch 4, communication pipe 5, first-level electric flow regulating valve 6, second-level electric flow regulating valve 7, and third-level electric flow regulating valve 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be further described in detail through specific embodiments:

[0033] The embodiment is basically as shown in the accompanying Figure 1 and accompanying Figure 2 The figure is a hydrological regulation system for open-pit mine slope, which comprises ecological ditches, front-end collection equipment, a server and a remote monitoring station;

[0034] The first, second and third ecological ditches 1, 2 and 3 are arranged along the contour lines of the open-pit mine slope, wherein the first ecological ditch 1 is the uppermost ecological ditch, the slope bottom of the open-pit mine is provided with a drainage ditch 4, the cross section of the ditch body of each ecological ditch is a trapezoidal structure, wherein the upper bottom width is 2.5 m, the lower bottom width is 1.5 m, the ditch body depth is 2 m, a 20 cm thick gravel cushion is laid on the ditch bottom, the ditch body side wall is poured with C20 concrete with a thickness of 15 cm, a water permeable retaining dam is arranged across the ditch body, the dam body material is a concrete prefabricated water permeable pipe (diameter 30 cm) stacked with graded gravel (particle size 5-20 mm), the retaining dam is 0.5 m high, a three-dimensional vegetation net is laid on the water-facing slope and the backwater slope of the retaining dam, and herbaceous plants (such as tall fescue, kikuyu grass, bahia grass and blackgrass) are sown; herbaceous, shrub and tree plants are planted between the ecological ditches, white clover and kikuyu grass are planted in the bottom herbaceous layer, Chinese mahogany and Chinese scholar tree are planted in the middle shrub layer, and pine and cypress are planted in the top tree layer.

[0035] The uppermost first ecological ditch 1 is connected with a water supply and taking device for artificially taking and supplying water resources of the ecological ditch; the water supply and taking device comprises a water pump, a water storage tank and a matching pipeline valve system, the water pump is an ISG50-160 type centrifugal pump, the water pump has bidirectional fluid conveying capacity, and the water pumping or water conveying function is realized by pipeline valve switching, the water storage tank is a concrete water storage tank with a capacity of 300 m 3 , and the matching pipeline valve system comprises a pipeline system composed of a DN100 galvanized steel pipe, a gate valve and a check valve. By switching the pipeline valve state, water can be conveyed (water supplement) from the water storage tank to the first ecological ditch 1 or water can be pumped (water drainage) from the first ecological ditch 1 to the water storage tank; a communication pipe 5 is arranged between adjacent two ecological ditches and between the lowermost third ecological ditch 3 and the drainage ditch 4, the communication pipe 5 sequentially connects the ecological ditches and the drainage ditch 4, wherein the communication pipe 5 is a DN80 HDPE pipe, is arranged along the slope inclined surface, has the same inclination as the slope gradient, ensures the natural flow of water along the slope, a first electric flow regulating valve 6 is arranged at the interface between the first ecological ditch 1 and the communication pipe 5, a second electric flow regulating valve 7 is arranged at the interface between the second ecological ditch 2 and the communication pipe 5, and a third electric flow regulating valve 8 is arranged at the interface between the third ecological ditch 3 and the communication pipe 5, the electric flow regulating valve is a ZDLP-80 type, and can be controlled by a 4-20 mA current signal.

[0036] The front-end acquisition device includes a rainfall sensor arranged on the slope top, water level sensors and flow rate sensors arranged in the ecological grooves at different levels, and soil humidity sensors buried in the slope above the ecological grooves at different levels, which are respectively used to collect water level, flow rate, rainfall and soil humidity data and transmit them to the data processing module. The rainfall sensor adopts F-YL100 tipping bucket rain gauge and is installed in an open place on the slope top; the water level sensors and the flow rate sensors are all three, which are respectively arranged in the first-level ecological groove 1, the second-level ecological groove 2 and the third-level ecological groove 3, wherein the water level sensor adopts HC-SR04 industrial enhanced ultrasonic sensor, through pre-buried steel plates on both side walls of the ecological groove body at different levels, stainless steel cantilever beams crossing the groove body are welded and fixed on the steel plates, the HC-SR04 industrial enhanced ultrasonic sensor is fixed below the midpoint of the cantilever beam, ensuring that the probe is vertically downward and aligned with the water surface at the bottom of the groove; the flow rate sensor adopts YF-S401 type flow rate sensor, which is installed on the pre-buried stainless steel base at the center of the groove body 0.5 meters downstream of the check dam of the ecological groove at different levels, ensuring that the rotor is completely immersed in the water flow; the soil humidity sensor adopts Hongrun MT40 soil humidity sensor, three are buried in the slope above each ecological groove, a total of nine, which are buried in the slope soil in the form of soil drilling, the specific burial method is to drill holes in the slope area 2m away from the upper edge of the ecological groove in a triangular distribution, the sensor probe is buried in the hole and backfilled with undisturbed soil, ensuring close contact with the soil, for real-time monitoring of the slope soil humidity.

[0037] The server includes a data processing module, a regulation and control execution module, a data storage module and a historical analysis module;

[0038] The data processing module is used to perform noise reduction processing on the water level, flow rate, rainfall and soil humidity data by using Kalman filtering, dynamically calculate the current water level warning threshold, water level danger threshold, flow rate warning threshold and flow rate danger threshold according to the preset water level initial threshold, flow rate initial threshold, and the soil humidity data and rainfall data after noise reduction processing, the water level initial threshold and the flow rate initial threshold of the ecological grooves at different levels decrease from top to bottom along the slope of the open-pit mine, the dynamically calculated current water level warning threshold, water level danger threshold, flow rate warning threshold and flow rate danger threshold all decrease with the increase of soil humidity and decrease with the increase of rainfall; based on the calculated thresholds and the real-time collected data, control instructions are generated according to the preset regulation and control rules and sent to the regulation and control execution module, and at the same time, signals corresponding to the warning, danger and abnormal state information are transmitted to the remote monitoring station according to the judgment result;

[0039] The calculation formulas of the water level warning threshold, the water level danger threshold, the flow rate warning threshold and the flow rate danger threshold are as follows:

[0040] H warning =k1·H base ·f(S)·g(P)

[0041] H danger = k2 · H base · f(S) · g(P)

[0042] v warning = k3 · v base · h(S) · i(P)

[0043] v danger = k4 · v base · h(S) · i(P)

[0044] wherein H base v base are the water level initial threshold and the flow velocity initial threshold preset according to the size of the ditch body respectively; f(S) and h(S) are both decreasing functions of soil humidity S, f(S) ∈ (0, 1], h(S) ∈ (0, 1]; g(P) and i(P) are both decreasing functions of rainfall P, g(P) ∈ (0, 1], i(P) ∈ (0, 1]; k1, k2, k3, k4 are weight coefficients and satisfy k1 < k2, k3 < k4;

[0045] In the embodiment, the water level initial threshold H base of the first-level ecological ditch 1, the second-level ecological ditch 2 and the third-level ecological ditch 3 are 1.5 m, 1.2 m and 1 m respectively; the flow velocity initial threshold of the first-level ecological ditch 1, the second-level ecological ditch 2 and the third-level ecological ditch 3 are 1.2 m / s, 1 m / s and 0.8 m / s respectively; the weight coefficients k1 = 0.7, k2 = 0.9, k3 = 0.6, k4 = 0.8;

[0046] f(S) = 1-0.3*S

[0047] h(S) = 0.9-0.2*S

[0048] g(P) = 0.95-0.001*P

[0049] i(P) = 0.95-0.0008*P

[0050] wherein the soil humidity S is the percentage data obtained by the Hongrun MT40 soil humidity sensor, the value range is [0, 80%], and the unit of the sensor rainfall P is mm / h;

[0051] The preset regulation rule includes: if the water level or flow rate of the current ecological ditch exceeds the early warning threshold, generating an instruction of "increasing the opening degree of the electric flow regulating valve of the current level to 80%"; if the water level or flow rate of the current ecological ditch exceeds the dangerous threshold, generating an instruction of "increasing the opening degree of the electric flow regulating valve of the current level to 100%"; if the current ecological ditch is not the uppermost level (for example, the second level), synchronously generating an instruction of "decreasing the opening degree of the electric flow regulating valve of the upper level to 50%" (for example, when the second level triggers the dangerous threshold, the valve of the first level is decreased to 50%);

[0052] In the embodiment, the preset lower limit of the water level is 0.3 m, if the water level of the first ecological ditch 1 is lower than the preset lower limit of 0.3 m, generating an instruction of "starting the centrifugal pump to supplement water"; if exceeding the dangerous threshold of the water level, generating an instruction of "starting the centrifugal pump to drain".

[0053] If the multiple-level ecological ditches trigger the thresholds at the same time, the rule corresponding to the dangerous threshold is preferentially executed, and then the rule corresponding to the early warning threshold is executed, for example, when the first ecological ditch 1 triggers the early warning threshold and the second ecological ditch 2 triggers the dangerous threshold, the rule corresponding to the dangerous threshold is preferentially executed; when encountering a rainstorm situation, the dangerous threshold of each ecological ditch is triggered, and the rule corresponding to the dangerous threshold is preferentially executed, that is, each ecological ditch generates an instruction of "increasing the opening degree of the electric flow regulating valve of the current level to 100%".

[0054] When the water level or flow rate of the upper ecological ditch triggers the early warning or dangerous threshold, the opening degree of the electric flow regulating valve thereof is increased, and part of the water flow will be transferred to the lower ecological ditch; in the rainstorm situation, since the initial threshold of the lower ecological ditch is smaller, and the dynamically calculated early warning threshold and dangerous threshold will be further reduced with the increase of the rainfall data or soil humidity data, before the water flow of the upper reaches, the lower ecological ditch has triggered the threshold and drained in advance (for example, at the initial stage of the rainstorm, the lowermost ecological ditch reaches the threshold first and opens the valve), forming a cooperative mechanism of upper regulation and lower pre-flood discharge, avoiding the instantaneous overload of the lower ecological ditch when a large amount of water flows into the upper, and realizing the step-by-step buffering and dispersion of risks; at the same time, the data processing module transmits the early warning, dangerous or abnormal state information (such as the interruption of the sensor data or the obvious abnormality of the water level and flow rate data) to the remote monitoring station through the wireless communication network.

[0055] The regulation execution module is used for receiving the control instruction, outputting the control of the opening degree of each electric flow regulating valve through the 4-20 mA current signal (80% opening degree corresponds to 16 mA signal), and controlling the start and stop and direction (water supplement or drainage) of the centrifugal pump through the relay control circuit.

[0056] The data storage module is used for obtaining real-time collection data from the front-end collection device and obtaining regulation and control records from the regulation and control execution module and storing as historical data, the historical data including historical collection data and historical regulation and control records, the data storage module adopting a server built-in hard disk, storing the historical data including the historical collection data (water level, flow rate, rainfall, soil humidity) and the historical regulation and control records (valve opening, centrifugal pump state) at a frequency of 10 minutes / time, and the storage period being 1 year;

[0057] The historical analysis module optimizes the function parameters of f(S), h(S), g(P) and i(P) based on the historical data of the previous 30 days every 30 days by using the least square method, so that the function is more fitted to the correlation law of the actual hydrological condition and the threshold value, in the embodiment, each reduction function is a linear function, and the least square method is used to optimize the intercept and slope of the linear regression model.

[0058] The remote monitoring station adopts an industrial computer and communicates with the data processing module of the server through a wireless communication module, and is used for receiving and displaying the early warning, danger and abnormal state information sent by the data processing module, and manually reviewing and processing according to the early warning, danger and abnormal state information.

[0059] The above is only an embodiment of the present application, and the common knowledge of specific structures and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail, the ordinary skilled in the art knows all the ordinary technical knowledge in the field of the present application before the filing date or the priority date, can know all the prior art in the field and has the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before the date, the ordinary skilled in the art can improve and implement the scheme under the inspiration of the present application combined with their own ability, some typical known structures or known methods should not be an obstacle for the ordinary skilled in the art to implement the present application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which should be regarded as the protection scope of the present application, which will not affect the effect and practicality of the patent. The protection scope of the present application should be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation mode and the like in the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrologic regulation system for a surface mine slope, characterized by: The system comprises ecological ditches, front-end collecting devices, a server and a remote monitoring station. The multi-stage ecological ditches are arranged along the contour lines of the open-pit mine slope at intervals, the slope bottom of the open-pit mine is provided with a drainage ditch, and a connecting pipe is arranged between adjacent ecological ditches and between the lowermost ecological ditch and the drainage ditch; an electric flow regulating valve is arranged at the interface of each stage of ecological ditches and the connecting pipe; and the uppermost ecological ditch is connected with a water supply and taking device. The server comprises a data processing module, a control and execution module and a wireless communication module. The front-end collecting devices comprise rainfall sensors arranged on the slope top, water level sensors and flow rate sensors arranged in each stage of ecological ditches, and soil humidity sensors buried in the slope above each stage of ecological ditches, which are respectively used to collect water level, flow rate, rainfall and soil humidity data and transmit them to the data processing module. The data processing module is used to dynamically calculate a current water level warning threshold, a water level danger threshold, a flow rate warning threshold and a flow rate danger threshold according to preset water level initial threshold, flow rate initial threshold, and real-time collected soil humidity data and rainfall data; the water level initial threshold and the flow rate initial threshold of each stage of ecological ditches decrease from top to bottom along the open-pit mine slope; the dynamically calculated current water level warning threshold, water level danger threshold, flow rate warning threshold and flow rate danger threshold all decrease with the increase of soil humidity and decrease with the increase of rainfall; based on the calculated thresholds and the real-time collected data, control instructions are generated according to preset control rules and sent to the control and execution module, and signals corresponding to warning, danger and abnormal state information are transmitted to the remote monitoring station according to the judgment results; The preset control rules comprise: if the water level or flow rate of the current stage of ecological ditches exceeds the warning threshold, the opening degree of the electric flow regulating valve of the current stage is increased to 80%; if the water level or flow rate of the current stage of ecological ditches exceeds the danger threshold, the opening degree of the electric flow regulating valve of the current stage of ecological ditches is increased to 100%, and if the current stage of ecological ditches is not the uppermost stage, the opening degree of the electric flow regulating valve at the interface of the upper stage of ecological ditches and the connecting pipe is simultaneously reduced to 50%; if the water level of the uppermost stage is lower than the preset lower limit value, the water supply and taking device is started to supplement water; if the water level of the uppermost stage exceeds the water level danger threshold, the water supply and taking device is started to pump and drain; if the thresholds of multiple stages of ecological ditches are triggered at the same time, the rule corresponding to the danger threshold is preferentially executed, and then the rule corresponding to the warning threshold is executed; The control and execution module is used to receive control instructions, adjust the opening degrees of the electric flow regulating valves and the running state of the water supply and taking device. The remote monitoring station and the data processing module exchange data through the wireless communication module, the remote monitoring station receives and displays the warning, danger and abnormal state information sent by the data processing module, and manually reviews and processes the warning, danger and abnormal state information.

2. A hydrologic regulation system for a surface mine slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water level warning threshold, water level danger threshold, flow rate warning threshold and flow rate danger threshold calculation formulae are as follows: H warning = k1 · H base · f(S) · g(P) H danger = k2 · H base · f(S) · g(P) v warning = k3 · v base · h(S) · i(P) v donger = k4 · v base · h(S) · i(P) where H base where v base are the initial threshold values of water level and flow velocity respectively, which are preset according to the size of the ditch body; f(S) and h(S) are both decreasing functions of soil humidity S, f(S) ∈ (0, 1], h(S) ∈ (0, 1]; g(P) and i(P) are both decreasing functions of rainfall P, g(P) ∈ (0, 1], i(P) ∈ (0, 1]; k1, k2, k3, k4 are weight coefficients and satisfy k1 < k2, k3 < k4.

3. A hydrologic regulation system for an open pit mine slope according to claim 2, characterized in that: The server further comprises a data storage module and a history analysis module; the data storage module is used for obtaining real-time collection data from a front-end collection device and obtaining regulation and control records from a regulation and control execution module and storing the real-time collection data and the regulation and control records as historical data, the historical data comprising historical collection data and historical regulation and control records; the history analysis module is used for optimizing function parameters of f(S), g(P), h(S) and i(P) based on the historical data.

4. A hydrologic regulation system for a surface mine slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological ditch comprises a ditch body and a water-permeable retaining dam arranged in the ditch body, the cross section of the ditch body is in a trapezoidal structure, and the upper bottom width is greater than the lower bottom width; the retaining dam is made of a water-permeable material, and the height of the retaining dam is lower than the depth of the ditch body.

5. A hydrologic regulation system for a surface mine slope according to claim 4, characterised in that: The surface of the water-permeable retaining dam is covered with a vegetation layer.

6. A hydrologic regulation system for a surface mine slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply and taking device comprises a centrifugal pump with bidirectional conveying capacity, a water storage pool and a matched pipeline valve system, and water is pumped from the uppermost ecological ditch or supplied to the uppermost ecological ditch through valve switching.

7. A hydrologic regulation system for a surface mine slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module is used for carrying out noise reduction processing on the real-time collected data by using Kalman filtering.

8. A hydrologic regulation system for a surface mine slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication pipe is arranged obliquely along the slope surface.

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