Substation engineering cost management method based on BIM technology
By using a BIM-based cost management method for substation projects, BIM models of equipment and materials are constructed, construction plans are generated and optimized, and the problems of inefficient design collaboration and delayed cost response in the traditional management model are solved, thereby improving the cost accuracy and response efficiency of substation projects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511041462.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-07
AI Technical Summary
Traditional 2D drawing-based substation project management models struggle to cope with complex spatial layouts and dynamic cost changes, resulting in problems such as inefficient design collaboration, delayed cost response, haphazard construction planning, and inconsistent measurement standards.
A BIM-based cost management method for substation projects is adopted. This method involves constructing BIM models containing equipment and materials, linking cost data, generating construction plans, optimizing the schedule using genetic algorithms, combining deep convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks for cost prediction, and conducting project compliance verification and risk analysis.
It has achieved improved cost accuracy and response efficiency throughout the entire substation project process, with comprehensive risk control, ensuring that the project is completed on time and to the required standard.
Smart Images
Figure CN120911999A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of substation engineering management, and particularly relates to a substation engineering cost management method based on BIM technology. BACKGROUND
[0002] With the advancement of smart grid construction, the requirements for cost precision and management efficiency of substation engineering are increasingly improved. The traditional management mode based on 2D drawings relies on manual coordination of design, construction and cost links, and is difficult to cope with complex spatial layout and cost dynamic changes. Although BIM technology has been preliminarily applied in the field of construction, it still faces many bottlenecks in substation engineering, such as low-efficiency design collaboration, cost response lag, rough construction plan, and non-uniform measurement standards, and an innovative methodology is urgently needed to solve these problems. SUMMARY
[0003] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to provide a substation engineering cost management method based on BIM technology, which can manage the cost of the whole process of substation engineering, so as to improve the cost precision and response efficiency and realize the overall controllability of risks.
[0004] The present application provides a substation engineering cost management method based on BIM technology, comprising:
[0005] S1, constructing a BIM model containing at least related equipment and related materials based on the basic data of substation engineering, and correlating the cost data of related equipment and the real-time price of related materials;
[0006] S2, correlating the BIM model with the engineering progress plan, so as to obtain a construction scheme containing construction sequence and resource allocation scheme;
[0007] S3, extracting the engineering quantity of related equipment and related materials from the BIM model, and predicting at least the total cost, storage cost and delay cost of the substation engineering based on the cost data of related equipment and the real-time price of related materials;
[0008] S4, taking the minimization of the sum of the storage cost and the delay cost as the objective function, and optimizing the construction scheme by using genetic algorithm to update the engineering progress plan;
[0009] S5, verifying the engineering compliance and analyzing the cost risk based on the engineering quantity of related equipment and related materials and the construction scheme.
[0010] Further, the S1 specifically comprises:
[0011] S11, obtaining the design drawings of the substation engineering, the attributes of related materials, the attributes of related equipment and the installation drawings.
[0012] S12, import the design drawings of the substation project and the installation drawings of the related equipment into Revit software to generate a BIM model containing the related equipment and related materials;
[0013] S13, assign a unique identification code to the related materials and related equipment using KSS coding rules, and associate the properties of the related materials and related equipment to the BIM model;
[0014] S14, call a real-time price database to associate the cost data of the related equipment and the real-time price of the related materials to the BIM model.
[0015] Further, the S2 specifically includes:
[0016] S21, associate the BIM model with the project schedule to simulate a four-dimensional construction scene containing at least the installation process of the related equipment and related materials;
[0017] S22, obtain a construction scheme containing construction sequence and resource allocation scheme based on the four-dimensional construction scene; wherein the construction sequence refers to the start, end and duration of each construction task; and the resource allocation scheme refers to the related equipment and related materials required for each construction stage.
[0018] Further, the S3 specifically includes:
[0019] S31, use a deep convolutional neural network to extract features of parameters associated with costs in the BIM model to obtain a cost-sensitive feature vector; wherein the parameters associated with costs at least include the quantities of related equipment and related materials;
[0020] S32, based on the cost-sensitive feature vector, and the real-time updated cost data of the related equipment and the real-time price of the related materials, use a long short-term memory network to at least predict the total cost, storage cost and delay cost of the substation project.
[0021] Further, the S5 specifically includes:
[0022] S51, based on the quantities of related equipment and related materials, and the construction scheme, check the engineering compliance according to RICSNRM rules and IEEE standards;
[0023] When the engineering compliance check result shows compliance, S52 is executed to analyze the cost risk based on the current construction scheme;
[0024] When the engineering compliance check result shows non-compliance, S53 is performed, potential errors of the substation engineering and potential risks of the construction scheme are adjusted to update the engineering progress plan.
[0025] Further, the S52 specifically includes:
[0026] S521, based on the engineering quantity of the related equipment, the real-time price of the related material, the cost data of the related equipment, and the current construction scheme, the material cost and the construction cost of the substation engineering are calculated.
[0027] S522, the design cost, the indirect cost, and the emergency cost of the substation engineering are obtained to obtain the actual total cost of the substation engineering.
[0028] S523, the planned cost of the substation engineering is obtained, and whether the substation engineering has an overbudget risk is judged based on the actual total cost.
[0029] The application provides a substation engineering cost management method based on BIM technology, which can manage the whole process of the substation engineering to improve the cost accuracy and response efficiency and realize the overall controllability of risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0030] Figure 1 The flowchart of the substation engineering cost management method based on BIM technology provided by the embodiment of the application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present technical solution clearer, the present technical solution will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present technical solution.
[0032] Embodiment one:
[0033] Please refer to the flowchart of the substation engineering cost management method based on BIM technology as shown in Figure 1 The method includes: Figure 1
[0034] S1, based on the basic data of the substation engineering, a BIM model containing at least related equipment and related materials is constructed, and the cost data of the related equipment and the real-time price of the related material are associated.
[0035] The S1 specifically includes:
[0036] S11, the design drawing of the substation engineering, the properties of the related material, the properties of the related equipment, and the installation drawing are obtained.
[0037] S12, import the design drawings of the substation project and the installation drawings of the related equipment into Revit software to generate a BIM model containing the related equipment and related materials.
[0038] S13, assign a unique identification code to the related materials and related equipment using KSS coding rules, and associate the attributes of the related materials and related equipment to the BIM model.
[0039] S14, call a real-time price database to associate the cost data of the related equipment and the real-time price of the related materials to the BIM model.
[0040] S2, associate the BIM model with the project schedule to obtain a construction scheme containing construction sequence and resource allocation scheme.
[0041] The S2 specifically includes:
[0042] S21, associate the BIM model with the project schedule to simulate a four-dimensional construction scene containing at least the installation process of the related equipment and related materials.
[0043] S22, obtain a construction scheme containing construction sequence and resource allocation scheme based on the four-dimensional construction scene; wherein the construction sequence refers to the start, end and duration of each construction task; the resource allocation scheme refers to the related equipment and related materials required for each construction phase.
[0044] S3, extract the quantities of related equipment and related materials from the BIM model, and based on the cost data of the related equipment and the real-time price of the related materials, at least predict the total cost, storage cost and delay cost of the substation project.
[0045] The S3 specifically includes:
[0046] S31, use a deep convolutional neural network to extract features of parameters associated with costs in the BIM model to obtain a cost-sensitive feature vector; wherein the parameters associated with costs at least include the quantities of related equipment and related materials.
[0047] In this step, the parameters associated with costs also include the attributes of related materials and related equipment.
[0048] S32, based on the cost-sensitive feature vector, and the real-time updated cost data of the related equipment and the real-time price of the related materials, use a long short-term memory network to at least predict the total cost, storage cost and delay cost of the substation project.
[0049] In this step, the long short-term memory network is generated according to historical data modeling, and the cost-sensitive feature vector in the historical data, the cost data of the related equipment, and the historical price of the related material are used as inputs to predict the time series change of the total cost, the storage cost, and the delay cost using the long short-term memory network, and the actual total cost, the storage cost, and the delay cost are compared, and the parameter is adjusted according to the deviation value to improve the prediction accuracy of the long short-term memory network.
[0050] Specifically, the hidden layer state update formula of the long short-term memory network is:
[0051] i t =σ(W i *[h t-1 ,X t ]+b i ); (1)
[0052] f t =σ(W k *[h t-1 ,X t ]+b k ); (2)
[0053] C t =f t *C t-1 +i t *tanh(Wc*[h t-1 ,X t ]+b4); (3)
[0054] o t =σ(W o *[h t-1 ,X t ]+b6); (4)
[0055] h t =o t *tanh(C t ); (5)
[0056] In the formula, i t , f t , o t represent the activation values of the input gate, the forget gate and the output gate respectively, C t represents the cell state, h t represents the hidden layer state, W and b represent the weight matrix and the bias vector respectively, sigma represents the sigmoid activation function, tanh represents the hyperbolic tangent activation function, X t represents the input at the t time, h t-1 represents the hidden layer state at the t-1 time, and C t-1 represents the cell state at the t-1 time.
[0057] The cost prediction formula is:
[0058] y t = W p *h t + b p ; (6)
[0059] In the formula, yt represents the predicted cost value at the t time, W p represents the weight matrix of the prediction layer, and b p represents the bias vector of the prediction layer.
[0060] S4, taking the sum of the storage cost and the delay cost as an objective function, optimizing the construction scheme by using a genetic algorithm to update the engineering progress plan.
[0061] In this step, the objective function formula of the genetic algorithm is:
[0062] min Z = a * Cw + b * Cd; (7)
[0063] In the formula, Z represents the total cost, Cw represents the storage cost, Cd represents the delay cost, a and b represent the weight coefficients of the storage cost and the delay cost respectively, and are set according to the actual situation of the project.
[0064] The genetic algorithm performs multiple rounds of simulation calculation by setting parameters such as population size, iteration number, crossover probability and mutation probability, and finally outputs the optimal construction scheme. Here, the purpose of optimizing the construction scheme is to shorten the construction period while reducing the cost.
[0065] S5, based on the engineering quantities of related equipment and related materials, and the construction scheme, checking the engineering compliance and analyzing the cost risk.
[0066] Specifically, S5 includes:
[0067] S51, based on the engineering quantities of related equipment and related materials, and the construction scheme, checking the engineering compliance according to the RICSNRM rules and IEEE standards.
[0068] In this step, the engineering compliance requirements are converted into corresponding risk factors, and the calculation formula is:
[0069] R = å (r i * w i ); (8)
[0070] In the formula, R represents the risk factor, r i represents the risk value of the i-th compliance check item, and w iwi represents the weight of the ith compliance check item, which is set according to the importance and influence degree of the compliance check item.
[0071] When the engineering compliance check result shows compliance, S52 is performed to analyze the cost risk based on the current construction scheme.
[0072] The S52 specifically includes:
[0073] S521, based on the quantities of relevant equipment and relevant materials, the cost data of relevant equipment, and the real-time price of relevant materials, the material cost and construction cost of the substation project are calculated based on the current construction scheme.
[0074] S522, the design cost, indirect cost and emergency cost of the substation project are obtained to obtain the actual cost of the substation project.
[0075] S523, the planned cost of the substation project is obtained, and whether the substation project has an overbudget risk is judged based on the actual cost.
[0076] When the engineering compliance check result shows non-compliance, S53 is performed to adjust the potential errors of the substation project and the potential hazards of the construction scheme to update the engineering progress plan.
[0077] Embodiment two:
[0078] The application scenario of the embodiment two of the application is the expansion of the 110KV substation, specifically involving the replacement of the main transformer, the addition of GIS equipment, and the cable line reconstruction project, with a total construction period of 8 months. Next, taking the cost management of the cable line reconstruction project as an example, the technical scheme of the application is introduced in detail.
[0079] The basic data of the cable line reconstruction project are obtained:
[0080] (1) Obtain detailed cable trench design drawings, cable model specifications, installation drawings and related technical parameters of the main transformer and GIS equipment from the project design unit. At the same time, collect the equipment list, which specifically includes: the name, model, specification, quantity, unit price and other attribute information of the relevant equipment. As an example, it is clear that YJV22-3x240mm 2 cable 1500 meters, unit price 50 yuan / meter (including 10% transportation fee), preset loss rate 5%.
[0081] (2) Obtain information such as personnel configuration, workday unit price, number of construction equipment (such as cable laying machine), and shift unit price from the construction unit. As an example, the construction team is 15 people, each person 400 yuan / workday, equipped with 2 cable laying machines, each 800 yuan / day, and the construction period is planned for 30 days.
[0082] (3) Obtain information such as design cost, indirect cost, and contingency cost from the project owner and design unit. As an example, the design cost is 200,000 yuan, the indirect cost is 100,000 yuan, and the contingency cost is 5,000 yuan (5% of the direct cost). Based on the above data, provide basic parameters for subsequent cost management.
[0083] Create BIM model:
[0084] (1) Import cable trench design drawings, cable model specifications, and other data using Revit software, create BIM models of cable trenches and laying paths, and label the length of each cable. At the same time, add three-dimensional models of main transformers, GIS devices, etc. to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the model.
[0085] (2) Based on the self-defined KKS coding rules, assign unique identification codes to cables, main transformers, GIS devices, etc. and associate device models, materials, unit prices, etc. with unique identification codes. Call the real-time price database to get the cable unit price of 45 yuan / m (freight 5 yuan / m), and associate it with the cable in the BIM model.
[0086] Feature extraction of BIM model:
[0087] (1) Use the automatic extraction function of Revit software to get the net length of the cable 1500 meters, calculate the reserved bending length 80 meters according to the specification, and get the total engineering quantity 1580 meters. At the same time, extract the engineering quantity information of main transformers, GIS devices, etc. to generate cable engineering quantity list and device engineering quantity list containing geometric information, attribute information and cost information.
[0088] (2) Based on deep convolutional neural network, the geometric information and attribute information in the BIM model are extracted, and the extracted features will be used as input data for cost prediction, providing a basis for subsequent cost prediction and dynamic adjustment.
[0089] Cost prediction:
[0090] Input the extracted cost-sensitive parameter features and real-time market price data into the deep convolutional neural network and long short-term memory network model. The model outputs the cost prediction value of the new cable as 2500 yuan, the construction labor cost prediction value as 4000 yuan, and the total cost change prediction value as 6500 yuan. According to the prediction results, adjust the cost budget and progress plan of the project, and use the message push technology to push the "change cost report" to the project related parties to ensure that all parties can learn about the changes and cost impact in a timely manner.
[0091] Obtain the engineering progress plan:
[0092] In the second week of construction, obtain design adjustment data from the design unit, i.e. the cable path is extended by 50 meters. Analyze the reasons for the change and assess its impact on project cost and schedule. Based on the design change data, use the parametric design function of the BIM model to automatically update the cable path length, and adjust the total cable engineering quantity to 1630 meters. At the same time, check the association with other equipment and components in the model to ensure the consistency and accuracy of the model.
[0093] Optimize the construction plan:
[0094] (1) Obtain the construction schedule data and combine it with the BIM model to generate a 4D simulation scene using Synchro software, which visually displays the cable laying, main transformer and GIS device installation, etc. The original plan is to complete in 30 days, with 50 meters of cable laid per day, and one main transformer and one GIS device installed each day.
[0095] (2) Based on the 4D simulation scene, develop a preliminary construction sequence and resource allocation plan. Determine the starting and ending points of cable laying, the installation sequence of main transformers and GIS devices, and the allocation plan of construction teams and equipment.
[0096] (3) Use genetic algorithm to optimize the construction sequence and resource allocation plan with the objective function of minimizing the sum of storage cost and delay cost. Set algorithm parameters such as population size, iteration number, crossover probability and mutation probability, etc. After multiple rounds of simulation calculation, the optimized construction plan is obtained: concentrate on laying the middle section of the cable, adjust the installation sequence of the main transformer and GIS device, reduce the mechanical transfer by 2 days, and shorten the construction period to 28 days.
[0097] Re-calculate the cost and schedule:
[0098] Based on the optimized construction period and sequence, re-calculate the project cost and schedule. Calculate the cost savings: 2 days x (15 people x 400 yuan / day + 2 units x 800 yuan / day) = 15,200 yuan, and the storage cost is reduced by 8,000 yuan due to the shortened construction period. Update the project schedule to ensure timely completion of the project.
[0099] Compliance verification:
[0100] (1) Obtain RICSNRM rules, electrical equipment installation standards, construction safety specifications and other data from relevant standards and specifications to clearly define compliance requirements and inspection standards. Use the existing data extraction technology of the BIM model to extract information such as cable length, installation location of main transformer and GIS device, and cable-to-heat pipe spacing, and compare it with the construction log. The inspection results show that the cable length is consistent with the design drawings, with an error of 0.8%, which meets the RICSNRM rules; the cable-to-heat pipe spacing is 1.2m, which meets the standard requirement of ≥1m.
[0101] (2) Using innovative risk factor calculation formula, considering factors such as design change, construction progress deviation, equipment supply delay, etc., the risk factor of the project is calculated. According to the calculation result, the risk factor R=0, indicating that there is no significant risk in the project at present, and the total cost does not need to be adjusted. The compliance verification report is generated, which provides the basis for project decision.
[0102] (3) The early warning mechanism is automatically triggered for non-compliance items and high risk factors, and the project related personnel are timely notified, and the risk response suggestions and measures are provided. The early warning information is sent to the relevant person in charge through email, short message, system message and other ways, reminding them to take corresponding actions. At the same time, the system provides a risk response strategy library, which provides standardized risk response measures for project managers, helps them to develop reasonable response plan, and reduces the impact of risk on project cost.
[0103] Cost risk analysis:
[0104] (1) Based on the data obtained in the above steps, the actual material cost is 1630m x 50yuan / m = 81,500 yuan; the actual construction cost is 28 days x (15 people x 400 yuan / day + 2 sets x 800 yuan / day) = 28 days x 7600 yuan / day = 212,800 yuan; the total cost is 81,500 yuan (materials) + 212,800 yuan (construction) + 200,000 yuan (design) + 100,000 yuan (indirect) + 50,000 yuan (emergency) = 644,300 yuan.
[0105] (2) The planned cost is 650,000 yuan, and the cost performance index (CPI) is the ratio of actual cost 644,300 yuan to planned cost, that is, CPI=1. CPI=1 indicates that the project cost is basically consistent with the planned cost, and the cost control is good, and there is no risk of overspending.
[0106] Through compliance verification and cost risk analysis, it is confirmed that the project meets the relevant standards and specifications in design, construction, cost, etc., and the risk is within the controllable range. The project can proceed smoothly, and provides reliable reference and reference for the subsequent substation engineering cost management.
[0107] The above content is only the preferred embodiment of the present application. For those skilled in the art, according to the technical content of the present application, many changes can be made in the specific implementation mode and application range, as long as these changes do not deviate from the concept of the present application, and belong to the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A substation engineering cost management method based on BIM technology, characterized by, The method comprises: S1, constructing a BIM model containing relevant equipment and relevant materials based on the basic data of the substation project, and correlating the cost data of the relevant equipment and the real-time price of the relevant materials; S2, correlating the BIM model with the engineering progress plan, thereby obtaining a construction scheme containing construction sequence and resource allocation scheme; S3, extracting the engineering quantity of relevant equipment and relevant materials from the BIM model, and predicting at least the total cost, storage cost and delay cost of the substation project based on the cost data of the relevant equipment and the real-time price of the relevant materials; S4, taking the minimization of the sum of the storage cost and the delay cost as the objective function, and optimizing the construction scheme by using a genetic algorithm to update the engineering progress plan; S5, checking engineering compliance and analyzing cost risk based on the engineering quantity of relevant equipment and relevant materials and the construction scheme.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The S1 specifically comprises: S11, obtaining design drawings of the substation project, attributes of relevant materials, attributes of relevant equipment, and installation drawings; S12, importing the design drawings of the substation project and the installation drawings of the relevant equipment into Revit software to generate a BIM model containing relevant equipment and relevant materials; S13, assigning a unique identification code to the relevant materials and relevant equipment using KSS coding rules, and correlating the attributes of the relevant materials and relevant equipment to the BIM model; S14, calling a real-time price database to correlate the cost data of the relevant equipment and the real-time price of the relevant materials to the BIM model.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The S2 specifically comprises: S21, correlating the BIM model with the engineering progress plan to simulate a four-dimensional construction scene containing at least the installation process of relevant equipment and relevant materials; S22, obtaining a construction scheme containing construction sequence and resource allocation scheme based on the four-dimensional construction scene; wherein the construction sequence refers to the start, end and duration of each construction task; and the resource allocation scheme refers to the relevant equipment and relevant materials required for each construction stage.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The S3 specifically comprises: S31, using a deep convolutional neural network to extract features of parameters associated with cost in the BIM model to obtain a cost-sensitive feature vector; wherein the parameters associated with cost at least include the engineering quantity of relevant equipment and relevant materials; S32, using a long short-term memory network to predict at least the total cost, storage cost and delay cost of the substation project based on the cost-sensitive feature vector and the real-time updated cost data of the relevant equipment and real-time price of the relevant materials.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The S5 specifically comprises: S51, checking engineering compliance according to RICSNRM rules and IEEE standards based on the engineering quantity of relevant equipment and relevant materials and the construction scheme; When the engineering compliance checking result shows compliance, S52 is executed to analyze cost risk based on the current construction scheme; When the engineering compliance check result shows non-compliance, S53 is performed, potential errors of the substation engineering and potential risks of the construction scheme are adjusted to update the engineering progress plan.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The S52 specifically includes: S521, based on the engineering quantity of the related equipment, the cost data of the related equipment, the real-time price of the related material, and the current construction scheme, the material cost and construction cost of the substation engineering are calculated; S522, the design cost, indirect cost and emergency cost of the substation engineering are obtained to obtain the actual total cost of the substation engineering; S523, the planned cost of the substation engineering is obtained, and whether the substation engineering has an overbudget risk is judged based on the actual total cost.