Waveguide switch device for microwave transmission

Abstract

The application discloses a waveguide switch device for microwave transmission, which comprises a stator and a rotor of a switch, the stator and the rotor are sleeved, at least two waveguide channels for microwave transmission are arranged around the periphery of the stator, a waveguide through channel for transmitting microwave is arranged on the rotor, the rotor is rotated, the waveguide through channel of the rotor is connected with or cut off the two waveguide channels of the stator, or when the waveguide channels are more than two, the switching of the waveguide channels is realized, when the two waveguide channels of the stator are connected in the horizontally placed state of the waveguide switch, the connection interfaces of the waveguide through channel in the rotor and the waveguide channels of the stator are relatively horizontal planes or conical planes, the horizontal plane or the conical plane facilitates the seamless contact of the periphery of the connection interfaces when the waveguide channels of the stator and the waveguide through channel of the rotor are connected. The application avoids the strict requirement of reserving a gap for the interface of the waveguide transmission channels of the stator and the rotor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a waveguide switch device for microwave transmission. Background Technology

[0002] As presented in the paper "Design of W-band Electromechanical Waveguide Switch" by Wang Zehong et al., microwave systems for waveguide switches in the industry typically consist of two parts: a microwave stator and a micro-wavetron. The microwave stator has four waveguide windows, evenly distributed around its perimeter. The micro-wavetron contains two opposing 90° arc-shaped microwave channels. When an electrical signal is applied to the circuit control system, a finite-angle motor generates rotational torque, driving the micro-wavetron to reciprocate between 0° and 90° positions, thus achieving connection and switching between different waveguide windows.

[0003] In the microwave transmission microsystem of the double-pole double-throw waveguide switch, the mover serves two functions: one is mechanical rotation to achieve positioning at 0° and 90°, and the other is to contain two opposing 90° arc-shaped waveguide microwave channels to conduct the corresponding waveguide paths on the stator, thereby realizing microwave energy transmission. Mechanical rotation requires the stator-mover interface to be a cylindrical surface, with a clearance for mechanical rotation. This is also true in practical engineering applications. However, this clearance also creates a gap in the waveguide path of the microwave energy transmission channel between the stator and mover. From the perspective of microwave transmission systems, a smaller gap results in better standing wave ratio, insertion loss, and isolation of the waveguide switch. But from the perspective of mechanical rotation, a larger gap is more manufacturable and cost-effective. Therefore, this gap is contradictory to both mechanical rotation and microwave transmission. For lower microwave transmission frequencies, isolation and standing wave ratio can be improved by designing waveguide circuits around the gap leakage cavity. However, as the frequency increases, the contradiction becomes more prominent and even insurmountable. As Wang Zehong's paper states, a gap of ≤0.03mm between the mover and stator is required to guarantee the performance requirements of 110GHz. The gap wavelength ratio of 2.727mm at 110GHz is 1.1%. For higher frequencies, the gap requirement will be even smaller, posing greater challenges to the machining accuracy of structural parts and the accuracy of the mover drive mechanism, and even making it impractical in engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems by proposing a waveguide switch device for microwave transmission. This device changes the interface between the traditional mover and stator transmission channels from opposing vertical planes to a horizontal plane, resolving the contradiction between the low clearance requirement of the mover waveguide port being located on a cylindrical surface and the sufficient clearance requirement for the mechanical rotation of the mover. Furthermore, it avoids the requirement for a pre-reserved gap at the interface between the microwave stator and the mover microwave transmission channel, making it easier to achieve a high-isolation double-pole double-throw waveguide switch.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A waveguide switch device for microwave transmission includes a stator and a mover, which are nested together. At least two waveguide channels for microwave transmission are arranged around the periphery of the stator. A waveguide through-channel for microwave transmission is provided on the mover. Rotating the mover connects or disconnects the two waveguide channels of the stator via the waveguide through-channel, or, when there are more than two waveguide channels, switches between them. Specifically, the two waveguide channels of the stator and the waveguide through-channel of the mover are not on the same horizontal plane. When the waveguide switch is horizontally placed with the axes of the stator and mover perpendicular to the ground, and the two waveguide channels of the stator are connected through the waveguide through-channel of the mover, the two interfaces connecting the waveguide through-channel of the mover and the waveguide channel of the stator are either two horizontally facing interfaces or two conically facing interfaces. This horizontal or conical interface ensures seamless contact around the interfaces when the waveguide channels of the stator and the waveguide through-channel of the mover are connected.

[0007] A further aspect of the solution is that the seamless contact is achieved by applying force to the moving element and causing it to rotate.

[0008] The scheme is further described as follows: there are four or six waveguide channels on the periphery of the stator, and the four or six waveguide channels are divided into two or three pairs. The number of waveguide through channels in the mover corresponds to the number of pairs of waveguide channels in the stator.

[0009] A further embodiment of the scheme is as follows: When there are four waveguide channels on the periphery of the stator, the waveguide channels are arranged adjacently at a 90-degree angle around the periphery of the stator. Correspondingly, the waveguide through-channels of the mover used to connect adjacent waveguide channels are in the shape of a 90-degree arc. When there are six waveguide channels on the periphery of the stator, the waveguide channels are arranged adjacently at a 60-degree angle around the periphery of the stator. Correspondingly, there are three waveguide through-channels of the mover used to connect adjacent waveguide channels, and the three waveguide through-channels are in the shape of a 60-degree arc. Alternatively, there are three waveguide through-channels of the mover used to connect the waveguide channels. Two of the three waveguide through-channels are in the shape of a 60-degree arc. The two waveguide through-channels in the shape of a 60-degree arc are used to connect adjacent waveguide channels of the stator, and the other is a straight-through waveguide through-channel. The two waveguide through-channels in the shape of a 60-degree arc are symmetrically placed on both sides of the straight-through waveguide through-channel. The straight-through waveguide through-channel is used to connect waveguide channels of the stator that are 180 degrees apart.

[0010] A further aspect of the solution is: corresponding to the four waveguide channels, by not placing the two pairs of waveguide channels of the stator arranged adjacent to each other at a 90-degree angle and the two waveguide through-channels of the corresponding mover arranged in a 90-degree arc shape on the same horizontal plane, a waveguide double-pole double-throw switching switch for microwave transmission is formed; or:

[0011] Corresponding to the six waveguide channels, by having three waveguide through-channels arranged in adjacent 60-degree arcs, which are not vertically aligned with the six waveguide channels of the stator on the same horizontal plane, a waveguide three-pole double-throw switching switch for microwave transmission is formed; or:

[0012] Corresponding to the six waveguide channels, two 60-degree arc-shaped waveguide through channels and one straight waveguide channel are not positioned vertically on the same horizontal plane as the six waveguide channels of the stator, forming a waveguide three-pole three-throw switching switch for microwave transmission.

[0013] A further aspect of the scheme is that the waveguide channel of the stator is a straight channel, and the connecting sections at both ends of the arc-shaped through channel with the stator waveguide channel are straight sections.

[0014] A further aspect of the design is that the lower end face of the mover is positioned above the stator waveguide channel.

[0015] A further aspect of the scheme is as follows: the waveguide channel of the stator is lower than the contact end face of the stator and the mover and extends forward in the stator beyond the side of the lower end face of the mover. Then it opens vertically upward at the contact surface with the lower end face of the mover to form a stator horizontal or conical surface interface that communicates with both ends of the mover through channel. The mover through channel is placed in the mover above the lower end face of the mover. The two ends of the through channel in the mover are connected to vertically downward channels at the corresponding positions of the stator interface. The vertically downward channels open at the lower end face of the mover to form a mover horizontal or conical surface interface that communicates with the stator horizontal or conical surface interface.

[0016] The solution further states that the seamless contact is a contact with a gap of less than 0.03 mm.

[0017] A further aspect of the solution is that the included angle of the conical surface is greater than 90 degrees.

[0018] This invention shifts the connection surface between the stator and mover microwave transmission channel ports to a planar dimension, thereby eliminating the stringent requirement that the gap between the mover's cylindrical surface be as small as possible. Instead, the gap between the cylindrical surfaces only needs to be designed according to the requirements of the mover's mechanical rotation.

[0019] Traditional double-pole double-throw microwave transmission systems already require a mover-stator gap of <0.03mm at 110GHz. Extrapolating from this, at 1100GHz, a gap of <0.003mm is required. Achieving mechanical rotation of the mover within this gap is extremely costly in engineering, and ensuring long-term reliability and stability is very difficult. Therefore, compared with traditional frameworks and solutions, this invention not only opens up a new microwave transmission system architecture but also supports a high-isolation implementation method.

[0020] The invention will be further explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal contact structure of the switch of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of different conduction structures in contact with the horizontal plane of the switch of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the conical surface contact structure of the switch in this invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the conduction relationship of the double-pole double-throw single-throw switch of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the conduction relationship of the other throw in the double-pole double-throw switch of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the conduction relationship of the three-pole double-throw and single-throw switch of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the conduction relationship of the third pole double throw in the three-pole double throw switch of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the conduction relationship of the first throw of the three-pole three-throw switch of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the conduction relationship of the second throw of the three-pole three-throw switch of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the conduction relationship of the third throw of the three-pole, three-throw switch of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the stator-to-station interface and the rotor-to-station interface of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] A waveguide switching device for microwave transmission, such as Figures 1 to 11As shown, the waveguide switch device includes a stator 1 and a mover 2, which are nested together. At least two waveguide channels for microwave transmission are arranged around the periphery of the stator, referred to as the first waveguide channel 101 and the second waveguide channel 102, respectively. The two waveguide channels can be used as microwave input and output channels (input and output can be interchanged). A waveguide through-channel 201 for transmitting microwaves is provided on the mover 2. When the mover is rotated, the waveguide through-channel 201 of the mover connects or disconnects the two waveguide channels 101 and 102 of the stator. Alternatively, when there are more than two waveguide channels, the switching of waveguide channels can be realized, for example, three or more. Traditionally, the waveguide channels of the mover and stator are connected in a vertical plane. However, a gap is required between the mover and stator to ensure the mover can rotate. Research shows that only a gap of ≤0.03mm between mover 2 and stator 1 can guarantee the performance requirements of 110GHz. However, to guarantee 1100GHz transmission, calculations show that a gap <0.003mm is required, which necessitates fine machining. Furthermore, an excessively small gap affects the rotation of mover 2, making it difficult to achieve. Therefore, in this embodiment, with the waveguide switch placed horizontally, that is, with the axes of the waveguide switch stator 1 and mover 2 perpendicular to the ground, the... The two waveguide channels of the stator 1 and the waveguide penetration channel of the mover 2 are not on the same horizontal plane. When the two waveguide channels of the stator 1 are connected through the waveguide penetration channel 201 in the mover 2, that is, when the two waveguide channels of the stator 1 are connected to both ends of the waveguide penetration channel 201 in the mover 2, the waveguide penetration channel 201 in the mover 2 is above the waveguide channels of the stator. The two interfaces at both ends of the waveguide penetration channel 201 in the mover 2 that are connected to the waveguide channels of the stator are two opposite non-perpendicular interfaces. The two non-perpendicular interfaces are either two horizontally connected horizontal interfaces or two opposite conical connected conical interfaces. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the horizontal or conical surfaces of the waveguide through-channel 201 at both ends of the mover 2 are respectively connected to the horizontal or conical surfaces of the stator waveguide channel 101 and the horizontal or conical surfaces of the stator waveguide channel 102. The connection of the horizontal or conical surfaces facilitates a seamless contact around the interface when the waveguide channel of the stator and the waveguide through-channel of the mover are connected.

[0033] Furthermore, the seamless contact is achieved by applying downward pressure to the moving element and causing it to rotate. This downward pressure is due to the fact that the horizontal or conical surfaces at both ends of the waveguide penetration channel 201 in the moving element 2 are allowed to meet the interface 101-1 of the stator waveguide channel 101. In other words, the horizontal or conical surface meeting allows the moving element to rotate under downward pressure, thus facilitating a seamless contact where the gap around the horizontal or conical surface interface is ≤0.03mm, close to or equal to 0, when the stator waveguide channel and the two ends of the moving element's waveguide penetration channel 201 are connected. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the downward pressure and rotation are achieved by the moving element 2 rotating via the drive handle 202 (which can be driven manually or by a motor). The moving element 2, in turn, is pressed by the bracket 4 and spring 3 to ensure tight contact between the moving element end face and the stator end face. Therefore, there is no need to consider reserving an assembly gap. In actual engineering, the gap size can be adjusted based on the frequency requirements of the waveguide, the flatness and roughness of the mating surface, and the downward pressure, so that the gap around the interface can be ≤0.03mm, close to or equal to zero, achieving a seamless contact (depending on the machining accuracy, no gap needs to be considered). Of course, the device also has a positioning mechanism to ensure mating, which is a conventional elastic positioning mechanism for a changeover switch, and will not be described in detail here. Furthermore, the conical mating is either a conical mating with the moving element's cone tip protruding downwards, or a conical mating with the moving element's cone tip concave upwards. Figure 3 The illustration shows the contact of the conical surfaces with the tip of the moving cone pointing downwards, which is the preferred embodiment. The included angle α of the conical surfaces is greater than 90 degrees.

[0034] In this embodiment, the waveguide channels for microwave input and output on the periphery of stator 1 can be as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 3 The diagram shows one or two waveguides, but for broader applications, there are four or six input / output waveguide channels, which are divided into two or three pairs, as shown below. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The diagram shows two pairs of waveguide channels, each with four channels: waveguide channel 101, waveguide channel 102, waveguide channel 103, and waveguide channel 104. Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The diagram shows three pairs of waveguide channels, each with six channels: waveguide channel 101, waveguide channel 102, waveguide channel 103, waveguide channel 104, waveguide channel 105, and waveguide channel 106. The number of waveguide penetration channels 201 in the moving part corresponds to the number of pairs of waveguide channels in the stator; two pairs result in two channels, and three pairs result in three channels. Where: (The diagram shows...) Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, when there are four waveguide channels on the periphery of the stator, the waveguide channels are arranged adjacently at a 90-degree angle around the periphery of the stator. Correspondingly, the waveguide through-channel 201 of the mover used to connect the adjacent waveguide channels is in the shape of a 90-degree arc. Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, when there are six waveguide channels on the periphery of the stator, the waveguide channels are arranged adjacently at a 60-degree angle around the periphery of the stator, correspondingly, as... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the mover has three waveguide penetration channels 201 for connecting adjacent waveguide channels, and the three waveguide penetration channels 201 are in a 60-degree arc shape; or, the mover has three waveguide penetration channels 201 for connecting stator waveguide channels, as shown. Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, two of the three waveguide through-channels are 60-degree arc-shaped. These two 60-degree arc-shaped waveguide through-channels are used to connect adjacent waveguide channels of the stator. The other is a straight waveguide through-channel. The two 60-degree arc-shaped waveguide through-channels are symmetrically placed on both sides of the straight waveguide through-channel. The straight waveguide through-channel is used to connect waveguide channels of the stator that are 180 degrees apart.

[0035] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, corresponding to the four waveguide channels, the two pairs of waveguide channels 101, 102, 103, and 104 of the stator, which are arranged adjacently at 90-degree angles, and the two waveguide through-channels 201 of the corresponding mover, which are arranged in a 90-degree arc shape, are not arranged on the same horizontal plane, thus forming a waveguide double-pole double-throw switching switch for microwave transmission; or, as shown... Figure 6 and Figure 7 , 8 As shown in 9 and 10:

[0036] Corresponding to the six waveguide channels, by arranging three adjacent waveguide through-channels 201 in a 60-degree arc shape and not placing them vertically on the same horizontal plane as the six waveguide channels 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, and 106 of the stator, a microwave transmission waveguide three-pole double-throw switching switch is formed; or:

[0037] Corresponding to the six waveguide channels, two 60-degree arc-shaped waveguide through channels and one straight waveguide channel are not set on the same horizontal plane as the six waveguide channels 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, and 106 of the stator, forming a waveguide three-pole three-throw switching switch for microwave transmission. Figure 6 and Figure 7This illustrates two states of triple-throwing; Figure 8 , 9 and Figure 10 It illustrates the three states of three cuts and three throws.

[0038] Wherein: the waveguide channel of the stator is a straight channel, and the connecting sections at both ends of the arc-shaped through channel 201 with the stator waveguide channel are straight sections 201-1.

[0039] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, to reduce interference and improve conduction quality: the lower end face of the mover is positioned above the stator waveguide channel; wherein: the waveguide channel of the stator is lower than the contact end face between the stator and the mover and extends forward through the side of the lower end face of the mover 2 in the stator, then vertically upwards to open at the contact surface with the lower end face of the mover, forming a stator horizontal or conical surface interface that communicates with both ends of the mover through channel (in Figure 2 , 3 and Figure 11 The stator interfaces shown are 101-1 and 102-1. The arc segment of the through channel 201 is placed in the mover 2 above the lower end face of the mover. The two ends of the through channel 201 in the mover 2 are connected to vertically downward channels at the corresponding positions of the stator interfaces of the stator, such as... Figure 2 , 3 and Figure 11 As shown, the vertically downward channel opens at the lower end face of the mover to form a mover horizontal or conical surface interface 201-1 that communicates with the stator horizontal or conical surface interface.

[0040] The above-described waveguide switch device embodiment for microwave transmission provides a new microwave transmission system architecture. Compared to traditional structures, it offers greater engineering feasibility in the 100-10000GHz range, with particularly significant advantages in standing wave ratio and isolation. It resolves the contradiction between the required clearance between the stator waveguide port on the cylindrical surface and the requirement for sufficient clearance for the mechanical rotation of the stator. Furthermore, it avoids the requirement for a pre-reserved gap at the interface between the microwave stator and the microwave transmission channel, making it easier to achieve a high-isolation double-pole double-throw waveguide switch. This embodiment shifts the connection surface between the stator and the microwave transmission channel port to a planar dimension, thus eliminating the requirement for the cylindrical surface clearance of the stator to be as small as possible. The clearance only needs to be designed according to the mechanical rotation requirements of the stator, reducing the precision requirements for machining. The device is not limited to the 300MHz-300GHz microwave frequency range; it is also applicable in the 100GHz-10000GHz THz frequency range. Moreover, it is suitable for both standard and non-standard waveguide size channels in the microwave and THz frequency ranges.

Claims

1. A waveguide switch device for microwave transmission, comprising a stator and a mover of a switch, the stator and the mover being nested together, at least two waveguide channels for microwave transmission being arranged around the periphery of the stator, and a waveguide through-channel for transmitting microwaves being provided on the mover, wherein rotating the mover causes the waveguide through-channel of the mover to connect or disconnect the two waveguide channels of the stator, or, when there are more than two waveguide channels, switching of the waveguide channels is achieved, characterized in that, The two waveguide channels of the stator and the waveguide through-channel of the mover are not on the same horizontal plane. When the waveguide switch is placed horizontally with the axes of the stator and the mover perpendicular to the ground, and the two waveguide channels of the stator are connected through the waveguide through-channel of the mover, the two interfaces connecting the waveguide through-channel of the mover and the waveguide channel of the stator are either two horizontally facing interfaces or two conically facing interfaces. The horizontal or conical interface makes the periphery of the interface when the waveguide channel of the stator and the waveguide through-channel of the mover are connected seamlessly. The lower end face of the mover is positioned above the stator waveguide channel. The waveguide channel of the stator is lower than the contact end face between the stator and the mover and extends forward in the stator beyond the side of the lower end face of the mover. It then opens vertically upward at the contact surface with the lower end face of the mover to form a stator horizontal or conical surface interface that communicates with both ends of the mover through channel. The mover through channel is positioned in the mover above the lower end face of the mover. Both ends of the through channel in the mover are connected to vertically downward channels at positions corresponding to the stator interface. The vertically downward channels open at the lower end face of the mover to form a mover horizontal or conical surface interface that communicates with the stator horizontal or conical surface interface.

2. The switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seamless contact is achieved by applying force to the moving element and causing it to rotate.

3. The switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stator peripheral side has four or six waveguide channels, which are divided into two or three pairs. The number of waveguide through channels in the mover corresponds to the number of pairs of stator waveguide channels.

4. The switching device according to claim 3, characterized in that, When there are four waveguide channels on the periphery of the stator, the waveguide channels are arranged adjacently at a 90-degree angle around the periphery of the stator. Correspondingly, the waveguide through-channel of the mover used to connect the adjacent waveguide channels is in the shape of a 90-degree arc. When there are six waveguide channels on the periphery of the stator, the waveguide channels are arranged adjacently at 60-degree angles around the periphery of the stator. Correspondingly, there are three waveguide through-channels of the mover used to connect adjacent waveguide channels, and the three waveguide through-channels are in the shape of 60-degree arcs. Alternatively, there are three waveguide through-channels of the mover used to connect the waveguide channels, two of which are in the shape of 60-degree arcs. The two waveguide through-channels in the shape of 60-degree arcs are used to connect adjacent waveguide channels of the stator, and the other is a straight waveguide through-channel. The two waveguide through-channels in the shape of 60-degree arcs are symmetrically placed on both sides of the straight waveguide through-channel, and the straight waveguide through-channel is used to connect waveguide channels of the stator that are 180 degrees apart.

5. The switching device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Corresponding to the four waveguide channels, by not placing the two pairs of waveguide channels of the stator arranged at 90-degree angles adjacent to each other and the two waveguide through-channels of the corresponding mover arranged at 90-degree arcs on the same horizontal plane, a waveguide double-pole double-throw switching switch for microwave transmission is formed; or: Corresponding to the six waveguide channels, by having three waveguide through-channels arranged in an adjacent 60-degree arc shape and not positioned vertically on the same horizontal plane as the six waveguide channels of the stator, a waveguide three-pole double-throw switching switch for microwave transmission is formed. or: Corresponding to the six waveguide channels, two 60-degree arc-shaped waveguide through channels and one straight waveguide channel are not positioned vertically on the same horizontal plane as the six waveguide channels of the stator, forming a waveguide three-pole three-throw switching switch for microwave transmission.

6. The switching device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The waveguide channel of the stator is a straight channel, and the connecting sections at both ends of the arc-shaped through channel with the stator waveguide channel are straight sections.

7. The switching device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The seamless contact is a contact with a gap of less than 0.03 mm.

8. The switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The included angle of the conical surface is greater than 90 degrees.

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