Totally closed expandable air cooling machine box

Abstract

This invention discloses a fully enclosed, expandable, air-cooled chassis, relating to the field of electronic warfare equipment technology. It includes an upper cover, a lower cover, and a chassis body. The chassis frame forms an independent air duct cavity and four sets of equipment mounting cavities. Full sealing is achieved through sealing rings and sealing ropes, meeting rainproof and electromagnetic shielding requirements. The frame features standardized interfaces, supporting longitudinal expansion of multiple chassis. The heat dissipation fins are equipped with heat collection chambers and slidably deployable heat dissipation teeth, combined with shape memory alloy heat collection springs and push rods to form an adaptive heat dissipation structure. Under low-power conditions, the heat dissipation teeth are partially embedded; under high-power conditions, they automatically extend and expand, improving heat dissipation area and efficiency. The fan is detachably connected via a fan mounting plate, supporting rapid model replacement. This invention solves the shortcomings of conventional chassis, such as poor environmental adaptability, low expandability, and fixed heat dissipation efficiency, and is suitable for complex electronic systems with high environmental adaptability requirements, such as electronic warfare systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fully enclosed expandable air-cooled chassis technology, specifically a fully enclosed expandable air-cooled chassis. Background Technology

[0002] Electronic warfare systems often operate in harsh environments, including rain, dust storms, high humidity, and electromagnetic interference. The chassis, as the carrier of these systems, must simultaneously meet three core requirements: efficient heat dissipation, environmental protection, and flexible expansion. Firstly, the electronic equipment inside the chassis generates significant heat during operation; inadequate heat dissipation can lead to system crashes and compromise system reliability. Secondly, it must isolate the internal equipment from external environmental influences and possess electromagnetic shielding capabilities to prevent external interference from affecting normal operation. Furthermore, with the continuous advancement of electronic equipment technology, users frequently need to upgrade or replace equipment within the chassis or add functional modules, requiring the chassis to be scalable to avoid cost waste due to redundant design.

[0003] In existing technologies, conventional air-cooled chassis mostly adopt a design of "direct air cooling between the equipment and the outside environment," meaning that the cooling airflow flows directly over the surface of the equipment. Although this can achieve heat dissipation, rainwater and dust from the outside can easily enter the chassis with the airflow, leading to short circuits or corrosion of the equipment and poor environmental adaptability. At the same time, once the design of a conventional chassis is finalized, its internal installation space and heat dissipation capacity are fixed, making it impossible to flexibly add or remove equipment or adjust the heat dissipation configuration according to user needs. If expansion of functions is required, the chassis structure must be redesigned, resulting in poor scalability and limiting the promotion and application of the product.

[0004] In addition, the heat dissipation components (such as heat sink fins) of existing chassis are mostly fixed structures, and the size and shape of the heat sink fins cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the heat consumption of the equipment. Under low power conditions, fixed heat sink fins can easily lead to excessive airflow resistance and uneven airflow distribution. Under high power conditions, insufficient heat sink fin area can lead to heat dissipation bottlenecks, making it impossible to achieve "heat dissipation on demand", resulting in low heat dissipation efficiency and energy waste.

[0005] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, there is an urgent need for an air-cooled chassis that combines fully enclosed protection, expandable installation, and adaptive heat dissipation to meet the usage requirements of demanding scenarios such as electronic warfare systems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a fully enclosed, expandable, air-cooled chassis.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a fully enclosed expandable air-cooled chassis, including an upper cover, a lower cover, and a chassis body. The upper cover and the chassis body, and the lower cover and the chassis body are connected by screws. Each connecting surface is provided with a sealing ring to achieve a watertight seal at the contact surface. In addition, it also includes: The housing includes a frame with fixing interfaces for fixing the upper and lower covers. The fixing interfaces are the same size as the upper and lower covers. The four sides of the frame are provided with mounting slots for heat dissipation fins. After the four heat dissipation fins are installed in the mounting slots, the middle area of ​​the frame is closed to form an air duct. A sealing rope is provided between the heat dissipation fins and the frame to achieve sealing with the external environment.

[0008] In one possible implementation, ventilation grilles are provided around the top perimeter of the upper cover and around the bottom perimeter of the lower cover, and the grille locations are reserved with installation interfaces for installing connectors to enable communication between the chassis and external devices.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the housing further includes four first cover plates, four second cover plates, a fan, and a mounting plate. The four sides of the frame are provided with first cover plate mounting interfaces and second cover plate mounting interfaces. The first cover plates are connected to the first cover plate mounting interfaces, and the second cover plates are connected to the second cover plate mounting interfaces. Sealing ropes are provided between the first cover plates, the second cover plates, and the frame.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the middle part of the chassis forms an air duct cavity, and the periphery of the air duct cavity is provided with multiple sets of equipment mounting cavities. The vertical beams and upper and lower plates of the frame have through holes, so that the equipment mounting cavities are interconnected.

[0011] In one possible implementation, a set of fan mounting interfaces is provided at the upper and lower ends of the middle of the frame for mounting fans. The fans are fixed to the mounting plate, and the mounting plate is fixed to the frame through the fan mounting interfaces.

[0012] In one possible implementation, one side of the heat dissipation fin is a heat dissipation tooth, and the other side is a device mounting surface. The size of the heat dissipation tooth is determined according to the heat dissipation requirements of the device, and a heat pipe is pre-embedded in the mounting surface.

[0013] In one possible implementation, a plurality of hump-shaped heat collection chambers are provided on one side of the heat dissipation fins, the heat dissipation teeth are slidably installed in the heat collection chambers, and a return spring is connected between the middle of the heat dissipation teeth and the inner wall of the heat collection chamber.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the heat dissipation teeth are a double-layered stacked structure, with separation grooves inclined at both the upper and lower ends. A separation rod is fixedly installed at the port of the heat collection chamber, and the separation rod is inserted into the separation groove.

[0015] In one possible implementation, heat collection grooves corresponding to the heat collection chamber are evenly distributed on the mounting surface. A heat collection spring is fixedly installed in the middle of the heat collection groove. Both ends of the heat collection spring are free ends. A heat collection rod is slidably installed in the heat collection groove. A push rod is slidably and obliquely installed on the heat dissipation fins. When the heat collection rod slides, it contacts the push rod and pushes the heat dissipation teeth to move outward from the heat collection chamber.

[0016] In one possible implementation, both the mounting surface and the heat dissipation teeth are provided with holes and slots for assisting heat dissipation.

[0017] In one possible implementation, a thermally conductive pad or thermally conductive silicone grease is provided between the mounting surface and the device, as well as on the inner side of the heat collection chamber.

[0018] The advantages of this fully enclosed, expandable, air-cooled enclosure are as follows: the equipment mounting cavity and the air duct cavity are independent, and the equipment cavity is completely sealed. Combined with sealing rings and ropes, it provides excellent rain protection and electromagnetic shielding, exhibiting strong environmental adaptability and ensuring stable operation of internal equipment even in harsh environments. The frame features a standardized fixed interface, supporting longitudinal expansion of multiple enclosures. The fan is detachably connected to the frame via a mounting plate, allowing for easy replacement of fan models as needed. This flexible expansion adapts to different equipment volumes and heat consumption requirements, reducing upgrade costs. The adaptive heat dissipation structure of the heat sink fins dynamically adjusts the extension and deployment of the heat dissipation teeth according to the equipment's heat consumption. At low power, it reduces air resistance and ensures uniform airflow; at high power, it increases the heat dissipation area and heat exchange path, achieving efficient heat dissipation and energy saving without the need for electrical control. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall shape of a fully enclosed expandable air-cooled chassis according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external shape of a fully enclosed expandable air-cooled chassis according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of a fully enclosed, expandable air-cooled chassis according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fully enclosed expandable air-cooled chassis according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the heat sink fin mounting groove of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat sink fins of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation tooth mounting groove of the present invention; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged diagram of point A in the diagram; Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heat dissipation fins of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a fully enclosed, expandable air-cooled chassis according to the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Top cover; 2. Bottom cover; 3. Housing; 34. Heat dissipation fins; 315. Mounting slot; 11. Grille; 32. First cover plate; 33. Second cover plate; 34. Heat dissipation fins; 35. Fan; 36. Mounting plate; 316. First mounting interface; 317. Second mounting interface; 4. Air duct cavity; 51. Mounting cavity; 311. Fixing interface; 313. Mounting interface; 341. Heat dissipation teeth; 342. Mounting surface; 340. Heat collection chamber; 3401. Return spring; 3411. Separation slot; 3402. Separation rod; 3421. Heat collection slot; 3422. Heat collection spring; 3423. Heat collection rod; 3424. Push rod; 3425. Hole slot; 3426. Medium. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] This invention proposes a fully enclosed, expandable air-cooled chassis that isolates the chassis's heat dissipation duct from the equipment installation space. The equipment installation space is designed to be fully enclosed, while the chassis interfaces are standardized, allowing for flexible combination and expansion according to functional requirements.

[0024] Example 1: Single-cell fully enclosed expandable air-cooled chassis

[0025] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a fully enclosed expandable air-cooled chassis includes an upper cover 1, a lower cover 2, and a chassis 3. The upper cover 1 and the chassis 3, and the lower cover 2 and the chassis 3 are connected by screws. Each connection surface is provided with a sealing ring to achieve a watertight seal on the contact surface.

[0026] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the top cover 1 has a honeycomb or strip-shaped ventilation grille 11 (4mm grille diameter, 50% opening rate) around the top. Two DB9 connector mounting interfaces are reserved in the center of the top, and four M8 bolt holes are reserved on the side (for chassis fixing). The bottom cover 2 is symmetrical to the top cover 1. The bottom has a ventilation grille 21 of the same specification around the bottom. Connector mounting interfaces and fixing bolt holes are also reserved on the bottom and sides. The upper cover 1 is connected to the frame 31 of the housing 3 by six M6 hexagon socket screws, and the lower cover 2 is connected to the frame 31 by six M6 hexagon socket screws. The two sets of interface dimensions are completely consistent, providing a standardized connection basis for subsequent longitudinal expansion. Each connection surface is fitted with a rectangular fluororubber sealing ring (hardness 70 Shore A, compression 30%) to ensure a watertight seal on the contact surface. The measured waterproof rating can reach IPX5, and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness is ≥40dB (frequency 100MHz-1GHz).

[0027] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the heat dissipation fins 34, the housing 3 includes a frame 31, the frame 31 is provided with fixing interfaces 311 for fixing the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2, the fixing interfaces 311 and 312 are the same size, the four sides of the frame 31 are provided with heat dissipation fin mounting grooves 315, after the four heat dissipation fins 34 are installed in the mounting grooves 315, the middle area of ​​the frame 31 is closed to form an air duct, and a sealing rope is provided between the heat dissipation fins 34 and the frame 31 to achieve sealing with the external environment; Please see Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the housing 3 also includes four first cover plates 32, four second cover plates 33, a fan 35, and a mounting plate 36. The four sides of the frame 31 are provided with first cover plate mounting interfaces 316 and second cover plate mounting interfaces 317. The first cover plates 32 are connected to the first cover plate mounting interfaces 316, and the second cover plates 33 are connected to the second cover plate mounting interfaces 317. Sealing ropes are provided between the first cover plates 32, the second cover plates 33 and the frame 31.

[0028] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the middle part of the chassis forms an air duct cavity 4, and the periphery of the air duct cavity 4 is provided with multiple sets of equipment mounting cavities 51. The vertical beams and upper and lower plates of the frame 31 have through holes, so that the equipment mounting cavities 51 can be interconnected to meet the cable interconnection requirements between equipment. Cables can pass through the through holes without crossing the air duct cavity. The upper and lower ends of the middle of the frame 31 are respectively provided with a set of fan mounting interfaces 313 for mounting fans 35. The fans 35 are fixed on the mounting plate 36, and the mounting plate 36 is fixed to the frame 31 through the fan mounting interfaces 313.

[0029] Heat dissipation system assembly and working principle: Fan 35 Fan assembly installation: The upper and lower ends of the frame 31 are respectively provided with rectangular flange-shaped fan mounting interfaces 313; In this embodiment, an axial flow fan 35 (model FA-150, air volume 120CFM, air pressure 50Pa) is selected. The fan 35 is fixed to the fan mounting plate 36 (aluminum alloy plate with a thickness of 3mm) by 4 M3 bolts. The fan mounting plate 36 is then fixed to the fan mounting interface 313 by 4 M5 bolts, so as to realize the detachable installation of the fan 35. If the heat consumption of the equipment is increased to 200W in the future, and a fan with an air volume of 200CFM is required, only the fan mounting plate 36 needs to be removed, and the frame 31 does not need to be modified.

[0030] Please see Figures 7 to 10 As shown, one side of the heat dissipation fin 34 is a heat dissipation tooth 341, and the other side is a device mounting surface 342. The size of the heat dissipation tooth 341 is determined according to the heat dissipation requirements of the device. The mounting surface 342 is pre-embedded with heat pipes. Several sets of hump-shaped heat collection chambers 340 are integrally formed on the side of the heat dissipation fin 34 facing the air duct cavity 4. A double-layer stacked heat dissipation tooth 34 is slidably installed in each set of heat collection chambers 340. A return spring 3401 (wire diameter 1mm, free length 20mm, compression amount 5mm) is connected between the middle of the heat dissipation tooth 341 and the inner wall of the heat collection chamber 340. The heat dissipation tooth 341 has a double-layer stacked structure. The upper and lower ends of the heat dissipation tooth 341 are inclinedly provided with separation grooves 3411 (wide opening width 4mm, narrow opening width 2mm, inclination angle 15°). A separation rod 3402 with a diameter of 2mm is welded to the end of the heat collection chamber 340. The separation rod 3402 is inserted into the separation groove 3411.

[0031] Please see Figures 8 to 10 As shown, the mounting surface 342 is evenly provided with heat collection grooves 3421 corresponding to the heat collection chamber 340. A Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy heat collection spring 3422 (free length 15mm, elongated to 20mm when the temperature is ≥50℃) is fixed in the middle of each heat collection groove 3421. A copper heat collection rod 3423 with a diameter of 5mm is slidably installed in the heat collection groove 3421. A push rod 3424 (made of 304 stainless steel, diameter 3mm) is obliquely installed on the heat dissipation fins 34. One end of the push rod 3424 extends into the heat collection groove 3421 and the other end extends into the heat collection chamber 340, contacting the heat dissipation teeth 341. When the heat collection rod 3423 slides, it contacts the push rod 3424 and pushes the heat dissipation teeth 341 to move outward of the heat collection chamber 340.

[0032] A thermally conductive pad (model T-flex500, thermal conductivity 3.5W / (m・K)) is attached between the device mounting surface 342 and the device, and thermally conductive silicone grease (model 7921, thermal conductivity 8.5W / (m・K)) is applied to the inner wall of the heat collection chamber 340; both the device mounting surface 342 and the heat dissipation fins 341 have honeycomb-shaped grooves 3425 with a diameter of 1.5mm to increase the heat dissipation area.

[0033] Work process:

[0034] Low power operation (equipment heat consumption 40W, ambient temperature 35℃): The heat collection spring 3422 is not heated and elongated, and the heat dissipation teeth 341 are partially embedded in the heat collection chamber 340 under the action of the return spring 3401 (extending length 10mm); the separation rod 3402 is located at the wide opening of the separation groove 3411, and the double-layer heat dissipation teeth 341 are in contact; the fan 35 is started, and the cooling airflow is drawn into the air duct cavity 4 from the ventilation grille 21 of the lower cover 2. The airflow speed is 1.2m / s, the air resistance is 5Pa, and the airflow flows evenly across the surface of the heat dissipation teeth 341, carrying away the heat transferred from the equipment to the heat dissipation fins 34 (equipment surface temperature 55℃), and finally discharged from the upper ventilation grille 11. The temperature of the discharged airflow is 42℃, and the equipment temperature is stable at 52-55℃; High-power operation (equipment heat consumption 80W, ambient temperature 40℃): The equipment surface temperature rises to 65℃, and the heat is transferred to the heat collection tank 3421 through the heat transfer medium. The heat collection spring 3422 is heated and extends to 20mm, pushing the heat collection rod 3423 to slide. The heat collection rod 3423 pushes the push rod 3424 to move, which in turn pushes the heat dissipation teeth 341 to extend to the outside of the heat collection chamber 340 to 25mm, increasing the exposed area by 150% compared to the low-power operation. At the same time, the separation rod 3402 slides from the wide opening to the narrow opening of the separation tank 3411, squeezing the double-layer heat dissipation teeth 341 to unfold at a 20° angle, realizing "two-sided heat dissipation → four-sided heat dissipation". The cooling airflow enters the heat collection chamber 340 through the unfolded gap of the heat dissipation teeth 341, directly acting on the back of the equipment mounting surface 342, improving the heat dissipation efficiency. When the equipment heat consumption drops to 40W, the heat collection spring 3422 contracts, and the reset spring 3401 pulls the heat dissipation teeth 341 to reset, restoring the low-power heat dissipation state.

[0035] Example 2: Multi-chassis longitudinally extended air-cooled chassis

[0036] When an electronic warfare system requires additional equipment modules and the installation space in a single enclosure is insufficient, a vertical expansion solution is adopted: Please see Figure 11As shown, the expanded chassis includes an upper cover 1, a lower cover 2, a first housing 301, a second housing 302, and a third housing 303 (the structure of the three housings is the same as that of housing 3 in embodiment 1). The housings are connected by bolts (M6 bolts) through the fixing interface 311 of the frame 31. A 5mm thick rubber sealing ring is added to the mating surface between the housings to ensure the overall airtightness after expansion. The air duct cavity 4 runs longitudinally (total height 1500mm). To balance wind resistance and heat dissipation, a first fan 3501 (suction type, model FA-150) is installed at the fan mounting interface 313 of the first housing 301, and a second fan 3502 (blowing type, model FA-150) is installed at the fan mounting interface 313 of the third housing 303, forming a "bottom suction and top blowing" airflow circulation. The measured airflow velocity uniformity in the air duct cavity is improved by 30%, and the temperature difference between the equipment in each housing is ≤3℃, meeting the heat dissipation requirements of multiple devices working together.

[0037] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fully closed and expandable air-cooled machine box, comprising an upper cover (1), a lower cover (2) and a box body (3), the upper cover (1) and the box body (3), the lower cover (2) and the box body (3) are connected by screws, and a sealing ring is arranged on each connecting surface to realize water-tight sealing of the contact surface, characterized in that, Also includes: The housing (3) includes a frame (31), on which a fixing interface (311) for fixing the upper cover (1) and the lower cover (2) is arranged. The fixing interface (311) and (312) are the same size. The four sides of the frame (31) are provided with heat dissipation fin installation positions (315). After the four heat dissipation fins (34) are installed in the installation positions (315), the middle area of ​​the frame (31) is closed to form an air duct. A sealing rope is provided between the heat dissipation fins (34) and the frame (31) to achieve sealing with the external environment. The middle part of the chassis forms an air duct cavity (4), and multiple sets of equipment mounting cavities (51) are provided around the air duct cavity (4). The vertical beams and upper and lower plates of the frame (31) have through holes, so that the equipment mounting cavities (51) are interconnected. Ventilation grilles (11) are provided around the top of the upper cover (1) and around the bottom of the lower cover (2). The grilles (11) are provided with mounting interfaces for installing connectors to enable communication between the chassis and external devices. One side of the heat dissipation fin (34) is a heat dissipation tooth (341), and the other side is a device mounting surface (342), and a heat pipe is embedded in the mounting surface (342); The heat dissipation fins (34) have several hump-shaped heat collection chambers (340) on one side. The heat dissipation teeth (341) are slidably installed in the heat collection chambers (340), and a return spring (3401) is connected between the middle part of the heat dissipation teeth (341) and the inner wall of the heat collection chambers (340). The heat dissipation teeth (341) are double-layered stacked structures, with separation grooves (3411) inclined at both the upper and lower ends. A separation rod (3402) is fixedly installed at the port of the heat collection chamber (340), and the separation rod (3402) is inserted into the separation groove (3411). The mounting surface (342) is evenly provided with heat collection grooves (3421) corresponding to the heat collection chamber (340). A heat collection spring (3422) is fixedly installed in the middle of the heat collection groove (3421). Both ends of the heat collection spring (3422) are free ends. A heat collection rod (3423) is slidably installed in the heat collection groove (3421). A push rod (3424) is slidably and obliquely installed on the heat dissipation fins (34). When the heat collection rod (3423) slides, it contacts the push rod (3424) and pushes the heat dissipation teeth (341) to move to the outside of the heat collection chamber (340).

2. The fully enclosed expandable air-cooled chassis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (3) also includes four first cover plates (32), four second cover plates (33), a fan (35), and a mounting plate (36). The four sides of the frame (31) are provided with first cover plate mounting interfaces (316) and second cover plate mounting interfaces (317). The first cover plate (32) is connected to the first cover plate mounting interface (316), and the second cover plate (33) is connected to the second cover plate mounting interface (317). Sealing ropes are provided between the first cover plate (32), the second cover plate (33), and the frame (31).

3. The fully enclosed expandable air-cooled chassis according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the mounting surface (342) and the heat dissipation teeth (341) are provided with slots (3425) for auxiliary heat dissipation.

4. The fully enclosed expandable air-cooled chassis according to claim 1, characterized in that: Thermally conductive pads or thermally conductive silicone grease media (3426) are provided between the mounting surface (342) and the equipment, as well as on the inner side of the heat collection chamber (340).

5. A fully enclosed, expandable, air-cooled chassis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame (31) has a set of fan mounting interfaces (313) at the top and bottom of the middle for mounting fans (35). The fans (35) are fixed on the mounting plate (36), and the mounting plate (36) is fixed to the frame (31) through the fan mounting interfaces (313).

6. A fully enclosed, expandable, air-cooled chassis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the heat dissipation teeth (341) is determined according to the heat dissipation requirements of the equipment.

7. A fully enclosed, expandable, air-cooled chassis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing interfaces (311) and (312) arranged on the frame (31) for fixing the upper cover (1) and the lower cover (2) are the same size.

8. A fully enclosed, expandable, air-cooled chassis according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fan (35) is detachably connected via the fan mounting plate (36), supporting quick model replacement.

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