Method for preventing facility to promote yellowing of early-maturing cultivated peach trees and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of peach cultivation methods, and particularly relates to a method for promoting yellowing of early cultivated peach trees by preventing facilities, which comprises the following steps of: improving soil by using organic fertilizer and fine sand before the peach trees are planted. The growth of the root system of the peach tree is limited by a ridging cultivation or groove type cultivation method. Ridges for ridging cultivation are trapezoidal, and peach trees are planted on the ridges. Grass-proof cloth is laid on a planting groove for groove type cultivation, the side faces and the bottom face of the planting groove are completely covered, organic fertilizer and soil are backfilled till the organic fertilizer and the soil are flush with the ground, and then peach trees are planted. Irrigating root systems on two sides of the peach tree, and completing irrigation of the whole land in two times. 4 kg / mu to 6 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer is irrigated while the peach trees are watered, 10 kg to 15 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to holes around the protected peach trees 14 days to 16 days before the fruit trees fall off. After fruits are harvested, roots are firstly cultivated, and then tree body structures and nutrient distribution are adjusted through thinning and cutting back. The method provided by the invention can prevent the facility peach trees from yellowing in early-maturing cultivation and improve the fruit quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of peach cultivation methods, specifically relating to a method and its application for preventing yellowing of peach trees planted early in a facility. Background Technology

[0002] Xinjiang, located in northwestern China, boasts abundant sunshine and heat resources and a unique ecological environment. However, due to its special geographical location, Xinjiang experiences extreme climate conditions and high soil salinity, posing challenges to peach tree cultivation in this arid, saline-alkali region with significant temperature differences. High salinity hinders water absorption by peach tree roots, while soil compaction reduces root aeration, both inhibiting growth. The high pH of saline-alkali soil leads to the fixation of key nutrients such as iron, zinc, and phosphorus, causing nutrient imbalances and resulting in yellowing, small leaves, and fruit drop. Early-maturing cultivation of peach trees in protected environments typically involves five main steps: greenhouse construction, seedling raising, planting, growth promotion, and yield control. The aim is to alleviate the problems faced by peach tree cultivation in saline-alkali areas to some extent through agronomical techniques such as fertilization, irrigation, and pruning. However, in these protected cultivation environments, peach trees are prone to yellowing, leading to yellowing of the peach leaves. Yellowing of peach leaves weakens the growth of peach trees, reduces fruit yield and quality, and consequently has an adverse impact on the market sales and supply of peaches. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for preventing yellowing of peach trees cultivated in facilities with early planting techniques. This method utilizes soil improvement, root-limiting cultivation, alternating irrigation, fertilizer and water supply, and post-harvest pruning to prevent yellowing of peach trees cultivated in facilities with early planting techniques, with significant results.

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preventing yellowing of peach trees cultivated in facilities with early planting, comprising the following steps: Soil improvement: Before planting peach trees, apply a mixture of 5 to 8 cubic meters of organic fertilizer and fine sand per acre, with the volume ratio of organic fertilizer to fine sand in the mixture being 3 to 5:1.

[0005] Root-restricted cultivation: This method uses raised bed or trench cultivation to restrict the root growth of peach trees before planting. The raised bed cultivation method involves setting the raised bed in a trapezoidal shape, with a bottom width of 90cm-100cm, a top width of 70cm-80cm, and a height of 35cm-40cm. Then, peach trees are planted on the raised bed with a row spacing of 2m-3m and a plant spacing of 1.0m-1.5m. The method for trench cultivation is as follows: Dig planting trenches 50cm-70cm wide, 50cm-60cm deep, and 5m-7m long. Take a piece of weed control fabric equal to the sum of the height of both sides and the width of the bottom of the trench. The length depends on the length of the trench. Lay the weed control fabric along the long side of the planting trench, completely covering the sides and bottom. Press the weed control fabric firmly. Before backfilling with soil, tightly adhere the weed control fabric to the trench. A small amount of soil can be pre-applied to the bottom of the trench for fixation. Use plastic ground nails (5cm-10cm long) to secure the fabric near the surface. Fix the weed control fabric to the trench wall from the side using the ground nails. After securing, backfill with 15kg / m² of organic fertilizer in an orderly manner. 2 ~20kg / m 2 Then, the improved soil is backfilled, and the peach trees are planted with a row spacing of 2m~3m and a plant spacing of 1.0m~1.5m.

[0006] Alternating irrigation: Irrigate the root systems on both sides of the peach tree, completing the irrigation of the entire plot in two stages.

[0007] Fertilizer and water supply: While watering the peach trees, drip irrigation with humic acid fertilizer. Apply organic fertilizer around the trees 14 to 16 days before the leaves fall, 10 kg to 15 kg per tree.

[0008] Post-harvest pruning: After the fruit is harvested, the roots are nurtured first, and then the tree structure and nutrient distribution are adjusted by thinning and shortening, laying the foundation for flower bud differentiation and fruiting in the following year.

[0009] Preferably, the fine sand is free of salt and alkali and has a particle size of 0.25mm to 1.0mm. The application is carried out as follows: first, the organic fertilizer is evenly spread on the area where peach trees will be planted, then the fine sand is evenly applied to the plot, and the soil is tilled to a depth of 20cm to 30cm.

[0010] Preferably, the ridge is trapezoidal, with a bottom width of 100cm, a top width of 80cm, and a height of 40cm.

[0011] Preferably, the planting trough is 70cm wide, 60cm deep, and 5m long. The length of the trough is determined according to the length of the greenhouse.

[0012] Preferably, the organic fertilizer is obtained by composting using the following method: For every 100 kg of fresh sheep manure, mix in 20%–30% crushed plant straw (less than 15 cm in length) and adjust the moisture content to 60%–70%, ensuring thorough mixing. Compact the mixture into piles 1.5 m high, 2–3 m wide, with the length varying according to the volume of the sheep manure. Shape the top oval to prevent rainwater accumulation; if there is heavy rainfall, a tarpaulin can be used for rain protection. Turn the pile every 7–10 days during fermentation, for a total of 3–4 times, until the temperature of the sheep manure matches the ambient temperature and no longer rises. This completes the composting process, yielding organic fertilizer.

[0013] Preferably, the plant straw is agricultural waste consisting of the remaining stems, leaves, and rachis of field or greenhouse crops after the main economic products have been harvested, and is crushed to a length of less than 15cm.

[0014] Preferably, the alternating irrigation method is as follows: when the soil moisture content is lower than 60% of the field capacity, irrigate 10 to 15 cubic meters of water per acre. The first irrigation is carried out on one side of the peach trees, while the other side is not irrigated. The second irrigation is carried out on the other side of the peach trees, and the irrigation of the entire plot is completed in two sessions. This cycle is repeated until the peach trees go dormant.

[0015] Preferably, the fertilizer with a humic acid content of 50% is applied at a rate of 4.0 kg / mu to 6.0 kg / mu, with a concentration of 0.2%. Additionally, 10 kg to 15 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer is applied around the peach trees in the greenhouse 15 days before leaf fall.

[0016] Preferably, the humic acid fertilizer supplied for drip irrigation has a pH range of 5-6.5 and a content of ≥50%, of which 90% is fulvic acid. Humic acid has a good effect on improving alkaline soil. During the growth of peach trees, watering will continuously accumulate salt. By applying humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, the acidity and alkalinity of the soil can be changed, thereby ensuring the growth conditions of peach trees and preventing yellowing of leaves.

[0017] Preferably, the root-nourishing method is as follows: dissolve the biological agent in water and apply it through drip irrigation at a dosage of 10 kg / mu to 12 kg / mu, while simultaneously applying 4 kg / mu to 6 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer and foliar spraying with 1 g / L to 1.25 g / L of amino acid fertilizer to promote root growth. The effective live bacteria count of the biological agent is ≥2 billion / g.

[0018] Preferably, the pruning method is as follows: Pruning is carried out 5 to 7 days after using biological agents. The pruning is carried out in 2 to 3 times. First, the lower fruiting branches of the current year are pruned, and a branch is left at the base to cultivate the fruiting branch of the following year. Then, the upper fruiting branches are pruned. At the same time, branches are thinned out to create a well-ventilated and light-transmitting environment for the tree. The total pruning time is controlled to be completed in 10 to 15 days.

[0019] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for preventing yellowing of peach trees cultivated in facilities for early planting, and its application in preventing yellowing of peach trees cultivated in facilities for early planting.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The method for preventing yellowing of early-planted peach trees according to the present invention includes the following steps: Before planting peach trees, apply a mixture of 5-8 cubic meters of organic fertilizer and fine sand per acre, with a volume ratio of organic fertilizer to fine sand of 3-5:1. The mixture of fine sand and organic fertilizer can increase the nutrient content in the soil and improve soil aeration, enabling the soil to provide sufficient nutrients for peach tree growth and making the peach tree roots more aerated, thus providing a better growing environment for the peach trees. The method of ridge planting is as follows: the ridges are set in a trapezoidal shape, with a bottom width of 90cm-100cm, a top width of 70cm-80cm, and a height of 35cm-40cm. Then, the peach trees are planted on the ridges with a row spacing of 2m-3m and a plant spacing of 1.0m-1.5m. The raised bed cultivation method involves turning over deep soil, breaking up soil compaction, increasing soil permeability and aeration, promoting nutrient absorption by fruit tree roots, improving the utilization rate of base fertilizer, and enhancing nutrient utilization through localized application in the root zone, thus preventing yellowing of peach trees. This raised bed cultivation method effectively improves fruit quality, significantly increasing single fruit weight and soluble solids content. The trench cultivation method involves: excavating planting trenches 80cm wide, 60cm deep, and 5-7m long; laying weed control fabric along the long side of the trench to completely cover the sides and bottom, pressing the fabric firmly; and using weed control fabric inside the trench to restrict root growth. The fabric material should be equal to the sum of the height of the sides and the width of the bottom, with the length determined by the length of the trench. Before backfilling with soil, the weed control fabric should be tightly fitted to the trench. A small amount of soil can be pre-applied to the bottom of the trench for fixation, and ground nails can be used for fixation near the surface. The ground stakes are plastic, 5cm-10cm long. Secure the weed control fabric to the trench wall from the side using the ground stakes. After securing, backfill with 15kg / m² of organic fertilizer in an orderly manner. 2 ~20kg / m 2 Backfill the soil. Then plant the peach trees with a row spacing of 2m-3m and a plant spacing of 1.0m-1.5m. The trough cultivation method of this invention plants peach trees in fixed planting troughs, facilitating fertilization, watering, pruning, and other management operations, and allowing for better control of nutrient supply to prevent yellowing of the peach trees. Through precise nutrient management and good growth environment control, trough cultivation enables fruit trees to produce higher quality fruit.

[0021] This invention irrigates the root systems on both sides of the peach tree separately, completing the irrigation of the entire plot in two stages. Alternating irrigation ensures both sufficient water and oxygen supply to the roots, maintaining root vitality. Simultaneously, 4-6 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer is drip-irrigated while watering the peach trees. 14-16 days before leaf fall, organic fertilizer is applied around the trees in planting holes, 10-15 kg per tree. Drip irrigation with humic acid fertilizer and autumn fertilization guarantee the nutrients needed for peach tree growth, preventing yellowing leaves. After fruit harvest, the roots are nurtured first, and then the tree structure and nutrient distribution are adjusted through thinning and pruning. Two to three prunings after harvest promote leaf photosynthesis, improve light energy utilization, ensure root nutrient supply, and promote healthy growth. Therefore, this invention's method for preventing yellowing in early-planted peach trees provides a good growing environment and sufficient nutrients, preventing yellowing in early-planted peach trees and improving fruit quality. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solutions of this invention, the invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used in this invention are commercially available, and all methods used are conventional techniques in the art.

[0023] The materials used in this invention are as follows: The peach trees are of the "Zhongnong Jinhui" variety. The humic acid fertilizer contains ≥50% humic acid, of which fulvic acid accounts for more than 90% of the humic acid content, and the pH range is 5-6.5. The humic acid fertilizer was purchased from Shandong Nongda Fertilizer Co., Ltd. The biological agent is Genliduo brand microbial agent "Genzhiguan," with an effective live bacteria count greater than or equal to 2 billion / gram, purchased from Genliduo Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The weed control fabric was purchased from an agricultural materials company, with a thickness of 0.4mm-0.6mm, providing support for the root system without easy penetration, and allowing water permeability. The amino acid fertilizer is an amino acid foliar fertilizer, purchased from Sichuan Guoguang Agricultural Chemical Co., Ltd., with amino acids >100g / L and the total content of Fe, Zn, and B >20g / L.

[0024] Example 1 A method for preventing yellowing of peach trees planted early in a facility includes the following steps: Organic fertilizer composting: Mix fresh sheep manure with wheat straw equal to 25% of its volume, adjust the moisture content to 70%, and mix thoroughly. Compact a pile 1.5m high, 3m wide, with the length varying according to the volume of sheep manure. Shape the top oval to prevent rainwater accumulation; if there is heavy rainfall, a tarpaulin can be used for rain protection. Turn the pile every 10 days during fermentation, for a total of 4 times, until the temperature of the sheep manure matches the ambient temperature, indicating completion of composting and obtaining organic fertilizer.

[0025] Soil improvement: Mix organic fertilizer and fine sand at a volume ratio of 5:1, with a total application rate of 8 cubic meters per acre. The fine sand should be free of salt and alkali, with a particle size of 0.25mm~1.0mm. First, evenly spread the organic fertilizer in the area where peach trees will be planted, then evenly apply the fine sand to the plot and till it to a depth of 30cm.

[0026] Ridge cultivation: The ridges are trapezoidal, with a bottom width of 100cm, a top width of 80cm, and a height of 40cm. Then, dig planting holes for peach trees with a row spacing of 2m and a plant spacing of 1.5m, and plant the peach trees on the ridges.

[0027] Alternating irrigation: When the soil moisture content is below 60% of the field capacity, irrigate 12 cubic meters of water per acre. Irrigate one side of the peach trees the first time, leaving the other side unirrigated. Irrigate the other side of the peach trees the second time, completing the irrigation of the entire plot in two irrigations. Repeat this cycle until the peach trees go dormant.

[0028] Fertilizer and water supply: While watering the greenhouse peach trees, drip 5 kg of fertilizer containing 50% humic acid per acre, and apply 10 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer around the trees 15 days before the leaves fall.

[0029] Root nourishment: Dissolve the biological agent in water and apply it with drip irrigation at a rate of 10 kg / mu. At the same time, apply 6 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer and 1.25 g / L of amino acid fertilizer as a foliar spray to promote root growth.

[0030] Pruning: Prune 7 days after the roots have matured. Pruning is done in three stages. The first stage involves pruning the lower fruiting branches of the current year, thinning out overly dense branches to create a well-ventilated and light-permeable environment for the tree. At the same time, leave one branch at the base of each fruiting branch to cultivate for the following year's fruiting. The second and third stages involve pruning the middle and upper fruiting branches respectively, using the same method as the first stage. Each pruning session should be 5 days apart, with the total interval between pruning sessions controlled to 15 days.

[0031] Example 2 A method for preventing yellowing of peach trees planted early in a facility includes the following steps: Organic fertilizer composting: Fresh sheep manure is mixed with 20% eggplant stalks to adjust the moisture content to 60%, and then thoroughly mixed. The mixture is piled up to 1.5m high, 2m wide, and the length varies according to the volume of the sheep manure, with an oval top to prevent rainwater accumulation. During fermentation, the pile is turned over every 7 days, for a total of 3 times, until the temperature of the sheep manure matches the ambient temperature, indicating that composting is complete and organic fertilizer is obtained.

[0032] Soil improvement: Mix organic fertilizer and fine sand at a volume ratio of 4:1, with a total application rate of 6 cubic meters per acre. The fine sand should be free of salt and alkali, with a particle size of 0.25mm~1.0mm. First, evenly spread the organic fertilizer in the area where peach trees will be planted, then evenly apply the fine sand to the plot and till it to a depth of 20cm.

[0033] Ridge cultivation: The ridges are trapezoidal, with a bottom width of 90cm, a top width of 70cm, and a height of 35cm. Then, dig planting holes for peach trees with a row spacing of 3m and a plant spacing of 1m, and plant the peach trees on the ridges.

[0034] Alternating irrigation: When the soil moisture content is below 60% of the field capacity, irrigate 10 cubic meters of water per acre. Irrigate one side of the peach trees the first time, leaving the other side unirrigated. Irrigate the other side of the peach trees the second time, completing the irrigation of the entire plot in two irrigations. Repeat this cycle until the peach trees go dormant.

[0035] Fertilizer and water supply: While watering the greenhouse peach trees, drip 4 kg of fertilizer with a humic acid content of ≥50% per mu, and apply well-rotted organic fertilizer around the greenhouse peach trees 14 days before the leaves fall, applying 12 kg of fertilizer per tree.

[0036] Post-harvest pruning: Pruning should be carried out 7 days after root development, in two stages. The first stage involves pruning the lower fruiting branches of the current year, thinning out overly dense branches to create a well-ventilated and light-permeable environment for the tree, while leaving one branch at the base of each fruiting branch to cultivate for the following year's fruiting. The second stage involves pruning the upper fruiting branches, using the same method as the first stage. The interval between pruning and the first stage should be controlled to be 10 days.

[0037] Root nourishment: Dissolve the biological agent in water and apply it with drip irrigation at a rate of 12 kg / mu. At the same time, apply 6 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer and 1.1 g / L of amino acid fertilizer as a foliar spray to promote root growth.

[0038] Pruning: Prune 5 days after the roots have matured. Pruning is done in two stages. The first stage involves pruning the lower fruiting branches of the current year, thinning out overly dense branches to create a well-ventilated and light-permeable environment for the tree. At the same time, leave one branch at the base of each fruiting branch to cultivate for the following year's fruiting. The second stage involves pruning the middle and upper fruiting branches, using the same method as the first stage. Each pruning session should be 6 days apart, with the total interval between pruning sessions controlled to 12 days.

[0039] Example 3 A method for preventing yellowing of peach trees planted early in a facility includes the following steps: Organic fertilizer composting: Fresh sheep manure is mixed with 25% cotton stalks to adjust the moisture content to 65%, and thoroughly mixed. The mixture is piled up to 1.5m high, 3m wide, and the length varies according to the volume of the sheep manure, with an oval top to prevent rainwater accumulation. If there is heavy rainfall, a tarpaulin can be used for rain protection. During fermentation, the pile is turned over every 10 days, for a total of 4 times, until the temperature of the sheep manure matches the ambient temperature, indicating that composting is complete and organic fertilizer is obtained.

[0040] Soil improvement: Mix organic fertilizer and fine sand at a volume ratio of 3:1, with a total application rate of 8 cubic meters per acre. The fine sand should be free of salt and alkali, with a particle size of 0.25mm~1.0mm. First, evenly spread the organic fertilizer in the area where peach trees will be planted, then evenly apply the fine sand to the plot and till it to a depth of 25cm.

[0041] Ridge cultivation: The ridges are trapezoidal, with a bottom width of 95cm, a top width of 75cm, and a height of 37cm. Then, dig planting holes for peach trees with a row spacing of 2.5m and a plant spacing of 1.3m, and plant the peach trees on the ridges.

[0042] Alternating irrigation: When the soil moisture content is below 60% of the field capacity, irrigate 15 cubic meters of water per acre. Irrigate one side of the peach trees the first time, leaving the other side unirrigated. Irrigate the other side of the peach trees the second time, completing the irrigation of the entire plot in two irrigations. Repeat this cycle until the peach trees go dormant.

[0043] Fertilizer and water supply: While watering the greenhouse peach trees, drip 5 kg of fertilizer with a humic acid content of ≥50% per mu, and apply 10 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer around the greenhouse peach trees 16 days before the leaves fall.

[0044] Root nourishment: Dissolve the biological agent in water and apply it with drip irrigation at a rate of 10-12 kg / mu. At the same time, apply 5 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer and 1 g / L of amino acid fertilizer as a foliar spray to promote root growth.

[0045] Pruning: Prune 5 days after the roots have matured. Pruning is done in two stages. The first stage involves pruning the lower fruiting branches of the current year, thinning out overly dense branches to create a well-ventilated and light-permeable environment for the tree. At the same time, leave one branch at the base of each fruiting branch to cultivate for the following year's fruiting. The second stage involves pruning the middle and upper fruiting branches, using the same method as the first stage. Each pruning session should be 6 days apart, with the total interval between pruning sessions controlled to 12 days.

[0046] Example 4 A method for preventing yellowing of peach trees in facility-grown early cultivation includes the following steps: Organic fertilizer composting: Fresh sheep manure is mixed with 25% corn stalks to adjust the moisture content to 65%, and thoroughly mixed. The mixture is piled up to 1.5m high, 2.5m wide, and the length varies according to the volume of the sheep manure. The top is oval-shaped to prevent rainwater accumulation; if there is heavy rainfall, a tarpaulin can be used for rain protection. During fermentation, the pile is turned over every 8 days, for a total of 3 times, until the temperature of the sheep manure matches the ambient temperature, indicating that composting is complete and organic fertilizer is obtained.

[0047] Soil improvement: Mix organic fertilizer and fine sand at a volume ratio of 5:1, with a total application rate of 5 cubic meters per acre. The fine sand should be free of salt and alkali, with a particle size of 0.25mm~1.0mm. First, evenly spread the organic fertilizer in the area where peach trees will be planted, then evenly apply the fine sand to the plot and till it to a depth of 30cm.

[0048] Trench cultivation: Dig planting trenches 50cm wide, 50cm deep, and 5m long. Lay weed control fabric along the long side of the planting trench to completely cover the sides and bottom of the trench, press the fabric down firmly, and backfill with 18kg / m² of organic fertilizer. 2 Backfill the soil to be level with the ground, and then plant the peach trees with a row spacing of 2m and a plant spacing of 1m.

[0049] Alternating irrigation: When the soil moisture content is below 60% of the field capacity, irrigate with 12 tons of water per acre. Irrigate one side of the peach trees the first time, leaving the other side unirrigated. Irrigate the other side of the peach trees the second time, completing the irrigation of the entire plot in two irrigations. Repeat this cycle until the peach trees go dormant.

[0050] Fertilizer and water supply: While watering the greenhouse peach trees, drip 4 kg of fertilizer with a humic acid content of ≥50% per mu, and apply 7 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer around the trees 15 days before the leaves fall.

[0051] Root nourishment: Dissolve the biological agent in water and apply it with drip irrigation at a rate of 12 kg / mu. At the same time, apply 5 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer and 1.25 g / L of amino acid fertilizer as a foliar spray to promote root growth.

[0052] Pruning: Prune 7 days after the roots have matured. Pruning should be done in two stages. The first stage involves pruning the lower fruiting branches of the current year, thinning out overly dense branches to create a well-ventilated and light-permeable environment for the tree. At the same time, leave one branch at the base of each fruiting branch to cultivate for the following year's fruiting. The second stage involves pruning the upper fruiting branches, using the same method as the first stage. The interval between pruning and the first stage should be controlled to be 10 days.

[0053] Example 5 A method for preventing yellowing of peach trees in facility-grown early cultivation includes the following steps: Organic fertilizer composting: Mix fresh sheep manure with 25% eggplant stalks to adjust the moisture content to 60%, and mix thoroughly. Pile the mixture in a container 1.5m high, 3m wide, and with the length varying according to the volume of the sheep manure. Shape the top oval to prevent rainwater accumulation; if there is heavy rainfall, a tarpaulin can be used for rain protection. Turn the pile every 7 days during fermentation, for a total of 3 times, until the temperature of the sheep manure matches the ambient temperature. This completes the composting process and yields organic fertilizer.

[0054] Soil improvement: Mix organic fertilizer and fine sand at a volume ratio of 4:1. The fine sand should be free of salt and alkali and have a particle size of 0.25mm~1.0mm. The total amount of organic fertilizer and fine sand used is 7 cubic meters per acre. When using, first spread the organic fertilizer evenly on the area where peach trees will be planted, then spread the fine sand evenly on the plot and till it to a depth of 25cm.

[0055] Trench cultivation: Dig planting trenches 60cm wide, 55cm deep, and 7m long. Lay weed control fabric along the long side of the planting trench to completely cover the sides and bottom of the trench, press the fabric down firmly, and backfill with 15kg / m² of organic fertilizer. 2 Backfill the soil to be level with the ground, and then plant the peach trees with a row spacing of 3m and a plant spacing of 1.3m.

[0056] Alternating irrigation: When the soil moisture content is below 60% of the field capacity, irrigate 15 tons of water per acre. Irrigate one side of the peach trees the first time, leaving the other side unirrigated. Irrigate the other side of the peach trees the second time, completing the irrigation of the entire plot in two irrigations. Repeat this cycle until the peach trees go dormant.

[0057] Fertilizer and water supply: While watering the greenhouse peach trees, drip 5 kg of fertilizer with a humic acid content of ≥50% per mu, and apply 10 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer around the greenhouse peach trees 15 days before the leaves fall.

[0058] Root nourishment: Dissolve the biological agent in water and apply it with drip irrigation at a rate of 10 kg / mu. At the same time, apply 6 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer and 1 g / L of amino acid fertilizer as a foliar spray to promote root growth.

[0059] Pruning: Prune 6 days after the roots have matured. Pruning is done in three stages. The first stage involves pruning the lower fruiting branches of the current year, thinning out overly dense branches to create a well-ventilated and light-permeable environment for the tree. At the same time, leave one branch at the base of each fruiting branch to cultivate for the following year's fruiting. The second and third stages involve pruning the middle and upper fruiting branches respectively, using the same method as the first stage. Each pruning session is 5 days apart, with the total interval between pruning sessions controlled to 15 days.

[0060] Example 6 A method for preventing yellowing of peach trees in facility-grown early cultivation includes the following steps: Organic fertilizer composting: Fresh sheep manure is mixed with 30% cotton stalks to adjust the moisture content to 70%, and thoroughly mixed. The mixture is piled up to 1.5m high, 2.5m wide, and the length varies according to the volume of the sheep manure. The top is oval-shaped to prevent rainwater accumulation. If there is heavy rainfall, a tarpaulin can be used for rain protection. During fermentation, the pile is turned over every 8 days, for a total of 3 times, until the temperature of the sheep manure matches the ambient temperature, indicating that composting is complete and organic fertilizer is obtained.

[0061] Soil improvement: Mix organic fertilizer and fine sand at a volume ratio of 3:1, with a total application rate of 8 cubic meters per acre. The fine sand should be free of salt and alkali, with a particle size of 0.25mm~1.0mm. First, evenly spread the organic fertilizer in the area where peach trees will be planted, then evenly apply the fine sand to the plot and till it to a depth of 30cm.

[0062] Trench cultivation: Dig planting trenches 70cm wide, 60cm deep, and 6m long. Lay weed-control fabric inside the planting trenches to restrict root growth. Lay the weed-control fabric along the long side of the planting trench to completely cover the sides and bottom of the trench, press the fabric down firmly, and backfill with 17kg / m² of organic fertilizer. 2 Backfill the soil to be level with the ground, and then plant the peach trees with a row spacing of 2.5m and a plant spacing of 1.5m.

[0063] Alternating irrigation: When the soil moisture content is below 60% of the field capacity, irrigate with 12 tons of water per acre. Irrigate one side of the peach trees the first time, leaving the other side unirrigated. Irrigate the other side of the peach trees the second time, completing the irrigation of the entire plot in two irrigations. Repeat this cycle until the peach trees go dormant.

[0064] Fertilizer and water supply: While watering the greenhouse peach trees, drip 3 kg of fertilizer with a humic acid content of ≥50% per mu, and apply 10 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer around the greenhouse peach trees 15 days before the leaves fall.

[0065] Root nourishment: Dissolve the biological agent in water and apply it with drip irrigation at a rate of 10 kg / mu. At the same time, apply 5 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer and 1.2 g / L of amino acid fertilizer as a foliar spray to promote root growth.

[0066] Pruning: Prune 5 days after the roots have been nurtured. Pruning is done in two stages. The first stage involves pruning the lower fruiting branches of the current year, thinning out overly dense branches to create a well-ventilated and light-permeable environment for the tree. At the same time, leave one branch at the base of each fruiting branch to cultivate a fruiting branch for the following year. The second stage involves pruning the middle and upper fruiting branches, using the same method as the first stage. Each pruning is done 5 days apart, with the total interval between pruning and the rest of the pruning process controlled to be 10 days.

[0067] Comparative Example 1 A method for preventing yellowing of peach trees planted early in a facility includes the following steps: Organic fertilizer composting: Mix fresh sheep manure with 25% eggplant straw to adjust the moisture content to 60%, and mix thoroughly. Pile the mixture in a pile 1.5m high, 3m wide, with the length varying according to the volume of the sheep manure. Shape the top oval to prevent rainwater accumulation; if there is heavy rainfall, a tarpaulin can be used for rain protection. Turn the pile every 8 days during fermentation, for a total of 3 times, until the temperature of the sheep manure matches the ambient temperature, indicating that composting is complete and you have obtained organic fertilizer.

[0068] Soil improvement: Mix organic fertilizer and fine sand at a volume ratio of 4:1. The fine sand should be free of salt and alkali and have a particle size of 0.25mm~1.0mm. The total amount of organic fertilizer and fine sand used is 6 cubic meters per acre. When using, thoroughly mix the organic fertilizer and fine sand with the soil and plow it to a depth of 30cm.

[0069] Box-frame cultivation: Set up different square boxes with a plant spacing of 2m, with side lengths of 50cm and 60cm respectively, and a depth of 60cm. Line the trough with isolation material, press down the weed control cloth, and backfill with 15kg / m² of organic fertilizer. 2 Backfill the soil to be level with the ground, and then plant the peach trees with a row spacing of 3m and a plant spacing of 1.5m.

[0070] Alternating irrigation: When the soil moisture content is below 60% of the field capacity, irrigate 15 tons of water per acre. Irrigate one side of the peach trees the first time, leaving the other side unirrigated. Irrigate the other side of the peach trees the second time, completing the irrigation of the entire plot in two irrigations. Repeat this cycle until the peach trees go dormant.

[0071] Fertilizer and water supply: While watering the greenhouse peach trees, drip 5 kg of humic acid fertilizer at 1.5 mg / g per mu, and apply well-rotted organic fertilizer in holes around the trees 15 days before the leaves fall, 10 kg per tree.

[0072] Root nourishment: Dissolve the biological agent in water and apply it with drip irrigation at a rate of 10 kg / mu. At the same time, apply 4 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer and 1.25 g / L of amino acid fertilizer as a foliar spray to promote root growth.

[0073] Pruning: Prune 5 days after the roots have matured. Pruning is done in two stages. The first stage involves pruning the lower fruiting branches of the current year, thinning out overly dense branches to create a well-ventilated and light-permeable environment for the tree. At the same time, leave one branch at the base of each fruiting branch to cultivate for the following year's fruiting. The second stage involves pruning the middle and upper fruiting branches, using the same method as the first stage. Each pruning session should be 7 days apart, with the total interval between pruning sessions controlled to 15 days.

[0074] Comparative Example 2 A method for preventing yellowing of peach trees in facility-grown early cultivation includes the following steps: Organic fertilizer composting: Mix fresh sheep manure with 30% eggplant stalks to adjust the moisture content to 60%, and mix thoroughly. Pile the mixture in a container 1.5m high, 3m wide, and with the length varying according to the volume of the sheep manure. Shape the top oval to prevent rainwater accumulation; if there is heavy rainfall, a tarpaulin can be used for rain protection. Turn the pile every 7 days during fermentation, for a total of 3 times, until the temperature of the sheep manure matches the ambient temperature. This completes the composting process and yields organic fertilizer.

[0075] Soil improvement: Mix organic fertilizer and fine sand at a volume ratio of 4:1. The fine sand should be free of salt and alkali and have a particle size of 0.25mm~1.0mm. The total amount of organic fertilizer and fine sand used is 6 cubic meters per acre. When using, thoroughly mix the organic fertilizer and fine sand with the soil and plow it to a depth of 30cm.

[0076] Planting on flat land: Peach trees are planted on flat land with a plant spacing of 3m and a row spacing of 4m.

[0077] Alternating irrigation: When the soil moisture content is below 60% of the field capacity, irrigate 15 tons of water per acre. Irrigate one side of the peach trees the first time, leaving the other side unirrigated. Irrigate the other side of the peach trees the second time, completing the irrigation of the entire plot in two irrigations. Repeat this cycle until the peach trees go dormant.

[0078] Fertilizer and water supply: While watering the greenhouse peach trees, drip 5 kg of fertilizer with a humic acid content of ≥50% per acre, and apply 10 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer around the trees 15 days before the leaves fall.

[0079] Root nourishment: Dissolve the biological agent in water and apply it with drip irrigation at a rate of 12 kg / mu. At the same time, apply 4 kg / mu of humic acid fertilizer and 1.25 g / L of amino acid fertilizer as a foliar spray to promote root growth.

[0080] Pruning: Prune 5 days after the roots have matured. Pruning is done in two stages. The first stage involves pruning the lower fruiting branches of the current year, thinning out overly dense branches to create a well-ventilated and light-permeable environment for the tree. At the same time, leave one branch at the base of each fruiting branch to cultivate for the following year's fruiting. The second stage involves pruning the middle and upper fruiting branches, using the same method as the first stage. Each pruning session should be 7 days apart, with the total interval between pruning sessions controlled to 15 days.

[0081] Comparative Example 3 A method for preventing yellowing of peach trees in facility-grown early cultivation includes the following steps: adjusting the plant spacing in Comparative Example 2 to 1.2m and the row spacing to 2m, while keeping other conditions the same as in Comparative Example 2.

[0082] To further illustrate the effects of the present invention, the following experiments were conducted: 1. Effects of different root restriction methods on the degree of yellowing and fruit yield and quality of early-maturing greenhouse peaches 1.1 Different root restriction methods and key points of operation for peach tree cultivation The key points of cultivation operations for raised bed cultivation, box-frame cultivation, trough cultivation, and flat cultivation are described in Table 1. Traditional peach tree cultivation methods in greenhouses use a planting density of 1.0m~1.5m × 2m~3m, with the spacing adjusted appropriately based on the length of each row.

[0083] Table 1 Different root-limiting methods and key points of peach tree cultivation 1.2 Effects of different root restriction methods on the degree of yellowing and fruit yield and quality of peach trees in greenhouse early-maturing cultivation Table 2 shows the fruit quality and yellowing degree of early-ripening peach trees cultivated using the methods described in Table 1. The results show that the chlorophyll content of leaves in A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, and B3 is significantly higher than that in C1, C2, and D1. Chlorophyll is a key substance for capturing light energy and converting carbon dioxide and water into organic matter. High chlorophyll content indicates high light energy absorption and conversion efficiency in the tree, providing sufficient nutrients for fruit development. The low chlorophyll content in leaves of C1, C2, and D1 leads to weak photosynthetic capacity, insufficient organic matter accumulation, and lower soluble solids content compared to A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, and B3. The high soluble solids content in A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, and B3 indicates that trough cultivation and raised bed cultivation methods can reduce the yellowing degree of early-ripening peach trees in greenhouses and result in sweeter fruit.

[0084] Table 2. Effects of different root-limiting methods on yellowing degree and fruit yield and quality of early-maturing greenhouse peaches. The values ​​in the table are "mean" ± "standard deviation", where "a, b, c, d, e" are significance markers between different root-limiting methods, and the same applies below.

[0085] The results showed that trough cultivation and raised bed cultivation improved the quality of greenhouse peaches. Raised bed cultivation and trough cultivation significantly reduced yellowing of the trees while ensuring yield and quality.

[0086] 2. Effects of different soil management methods on fruit quality and yellowing degree of early-ripening cultivation in greenhouse peaches Soil conditions were improved by adjusting the application rates of organic fertilizer and fine sand, and the results are shown in Table 3. Soil management methods that combined organic fertilizer and fine sand resulted in less yellowing of fruit, higher single-fruit weight, higher soluble solids content, lower titratable acid content, higher yield per plant, and higher chlorophyll content in leaves. The application of organic fertilizer and fine sand not only increases soil fertility but also improves soil aeration, indicating that soil management methods combining organic fertilizer and fine sand can not only reduce yellowing in early-maturing cultivation but also improve fruit yield and quality.

[0087] Table 3. Effects of pre-planting soil management methods on fruit quality and tree yellowing in greenhouse peaches. A well-aerated soil environment is beneficial to the growth and development of the root system of greenhouse peach trees. When greenhouse peach trees are planted in well-aerated soil, their roots can better breathe and absorb nutrients, thus promoting their growth. Good soil aeration also facilitates water flow, which is beneficial for the root system's water absorption. Furthermore, good aeration helps maintain soil moisture, preventing damage to the greenhouse peach trees due to water shortage.

[0088] The organic fertilizer used is fully decomposed sheep manure, applied at a rate of 5 cubic meters per acre. Organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter and humus, which improve soil structure, increase soil aeration and water retention, and benefit the root growth and nutrient absorption of greenhouse peach trees. It also contains abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, essential nutrients for the growth and development of greenhouse peach trees. Applying more organic fertilizer effectively enhances soil fertility, providing sufficient nutrients for the growth of greenhouse peach trees. Furthermore, organic fertilizer contains numerous microorganisms and their metabolites, which decompose organic matter and minerals, releasing nutrients for the greenhouse peach trees to absorb and utilize. This helps prevent yellowing problems in early-planted greenhouse peaches.

[0089] Good soil conditions can promote root growth and extension in greenhouse peach trees, thereby facilitating the absorption of water and nutrients and preventing premature yellowing of greenhouse peach trees. Improved soil can enhance the stress resistance of greenhouse peach trees and reduce damage caused by environmental changes, thus contributing to stable and high yields.

[0090] 3. Effects of different irrigation methods on fruit quality and yellowing degree of early-ripening cultivation of greenhouse peaches As shown in Table 4, the results of fertilizer and water management for greenhouse peach trees using alternating irrigation and a combination of normal irrigation and humic acid are as follows. The single fruit weight of the alternating irrigation + humic acid method was significantly higher than the other three methods, with the highest soluble solids content, leaf chlorophyll content, and less yellowing of the tree. The fertilizer and water management method using humic acid resulted in less yellowing in greenhouse peach trees cultivated for early planting. Alternating irrigation improved the soil moisture environment, providing a better growth environment for the roots and reducing the risk of excessive water and root hypoxia. This indicates that the combination of alternating irrigation and humic acid can not only prevent yellowing in greenhouse peach trees cultivated for early planting but also improve fruit quality.

[0091] Table 4. Effects of different fertilizer and water management methods on fruit quality and yellowing degree of early-ripening peaches in greenhouse cultivation. Alternating irrigation can alter soil moisture conditions, promoting root growth and expansion in greenhouse peach trees. During dry periods, alternating irrigation provides sufficient moisture for normal growth. During wet periods, it prevents excessive moisture from causing root hypoxia.

[0092] Humic acid has a good effect on improving alkaline soil. During the growth of greenhouse peach trees, watering will continuously accumulate salt. Applying humic acid water-soluble fertilizer can change the soil's pH, thereby ensuring the growth conditions of greenhouse peach trees and preventing yellowing leaves. In autumn, 14 to 16 days before the fruit trees shed their leaves, apply well-rotted organic fertilizer in holes around the greenhouse peach trees, 10 kg to 15 kg per hole, to provide sufficient nutrients for the tree's development in the following year.

[0093] 4. The impact of post-harvest management methods on fruit quality and tree yellowing in greenhouse peaches Table 5 shows the effects of different post-harvest management methods on the fruit quality and tree yellowing of greenhouse peaches. Applying root-promoting agents post-harvest resulted in less yellowing in greenhouse peaches cultivated for early planting. Peach trees cultivated for early planting that underwent two or three rounds of post-harvest pruning showed less yellowing and produced better fruit quality and higher yields. Post-harvest pruning should follow the tree's growth pattern; multi-stage pruning prevents the tree from experiencing a large loss of nutrients at once, thus avoiding yellowing in greenhouse peaches cultivated for early planting and alleviating hormone secretion and nutrient distribution within the tree.

[0094] Table 5. Effects of post-harvest management methods on fruit quality and yellowing degree of greenhouse peaches in early-ripening cultivation. Pruning two to three times after harvesting can improve light penetration through the canopy, enhance air circulation within the tree, and promote photosynthesis in the leaves. This increases the light energy utilization rate of greenhouse peach trees, thus promoting their healthy growth. Multiple prunings also prevent excessive nutrient loss from the trees at once, which could negatively impact root growth and lead to premature yellowing in greenhouse peach trees.

[0095] in conclusion The chlorophyll content in the leaves of greenhouse peach trees grown in troughs and raised beds was significantly higher than that grown in boxes and on flat land. Chlorophyll is a key substance for capturing light energy and converting carbon dioxide and water into organic matter. High chlorophyll content indicates high efficiency in light energy absorption and conversion by the tree, providing sufficient nutrients for fruit development. Therefore, it can prevent premature yellowing in greenhouse peach trees and make the fruit sweeter. Simultaneously, applying organic fertilizer and fine sand to improve soil not only increases soil fertility but also improves soil aeration. The use of humic acid has a good effect on improving alkaline soil, promoting root growth and extension, facilitating water and nutrient absorption, and preventing premature yellowing in greenhouse peach trees. Alternating irrigation provides sufficient water for greenhouse peach trees during dry periods, enabling normal growth; during wet periods, alternating irrigation prevents excessive water from causing root hypoxia. During the growth of greenhouse peach trees, watering continuously accumulates salt. Applying humic acid water-soluble fertilizer can alter the soil's pH, thus ensuring optimal growing conditions for the trees and preventing premature yellowing (yellowing) in greenhouse-grown peaches. Organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter and humus, which improve soil structure, increase aeration and water retention, and promote root growth and nutrient absorption in greenhouse peach trees. Furthermore, organic fertilizers contain abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, effectively enhancing soil fertility and providing ample nutrients for the trees' growth. Organic fertilizers also contain numerous microorganisms and their metabolites, which decompose organic matter and minerals, releasing nutrients for the trees to absorb. These measures provide a favorable growing environment, sufficient nutrients, and adequate water for the greenhouse peach trees.

[0096] Pruning should be done 2-3 times after harvesting to prevent the tree from losing a large amount of nutrients at once, which could lead to premature yellowing in greenhouse peach trees. It also increases light penetration through the canopy, improves air circulation within the tree, promotes photosynthesis in the leaves, and increases the light energy utilization rate of greenhouse peach trees, thus promoting healthy growth. This not only prevents premature yellowing in greenhouse peach trees but also maintains the advantages of high fruit quality and high yield.

[0097] In summary, this invention, through its methods of root-restricted cultivation, soil improvement, alternating irrigation, fertilizer and water supply, and post-harvest pruning, reduces the degree of yellowing in early-maturing greenhouse peach trees, while resulting in heavier individual fruits, higher soluble solids content, lower titratable acid content, higher yield per tree, and higher chlorophyll content in leaves. This invention effectively prevents yellowing in early-maturing greenhouse peach trees and improves fruit quality.

[0098] It should be noted that when numerical ranges are involved in this invention, it should be understood that both endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected. Since the steps and methods used are the same as in the embodiments, preferred embodiments are described in this invention to avoid redundancy. Although preferred embodiments of this invention have been described, those skilled in the art, once they understand the inventive concept of this invention, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of this invention.

[0099] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. If such modifications and variations fall within the scope of equivalents of this invention, then this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for preventing yellowing of peach trees planted in facilities during early cultivation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Soil improvement: Before planting peach trees, apply a mixture of 5 to 8 cubic meters of organic fertilizer and fine sand per acre, with the volume ratio of organic fertilizer to fine sand in the mixture being 3 to 5:

1. Root-restricted cultivation: This method uses either raised bed cultivation or trench cultivation to restrict peach tree root growth before planting. The raised bed cultivation method involves creating trapezoidal ridges with a bottom width of 90-100cm, a top width of 70-80cm, and a height of 35-40cm. Peach trees are then planted on the ridges with a row spacing of 2-3m and a plant spacing of 1.0-1.5m. The trench cultivation method involves excavating planting trenches 50-70cm wide, 50-60cm deep, and 5-7m long. Weed control fabric is laid along the long side of the trench, completely covering the sides and bottom. Organic fertilizer is then backfilled at a rate of 15kg / m². 2 ~20kg / m 2 Then backfill the improved soil to be level with the ground, and then plant the peach trees with a row spacing of 2m~3m and a plant spacing of 1.0m~1.5m. Alternating irrigation: Irrigate the root systems on both sides of the peach trees, completing the irrigation of the entire plot in two stages; Fertilizer and water supply: While watering the peach trees, drip irrigation with humic acid fertilizer. Apply organic fertilizer around the peach trees 14 to 16 days before the leaves fall, 10 kg to 15 kg per tree. Post-harvest pruning: After harvesting the fruit, allow the roots to recover first, then prune.

2. The method for preventing yellowing of peach trees planted early in a facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fine sand is free of salt and alkali and has a particle size of 0.25mm~1.0mm. The application is carried out in the following way: first, the organic fertilizer is evenly spread on the area where peach trees will be planted, and then the fine sand is evenly applied to the plot, and the tillage depth is 20cm~30cm.

3. The method for preventing yellowing of peach trees planted early in a facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ridge is trapezoidal, with a bottom width of 100cm, a top width of 80cm, and a height of 40cm.

4. The method for preventing yellowing of peach trees planted early in a facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting trough is 70cm wide, 60cm deep, and 5m long.

5. The method for preventing yellowing of peach trees planted early in a facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer is obtained by composting it using the following method: Mix 20% to 30% of crushed straw by weight of sheep manure into every 100 kg of fresh sheep manure to obtain a mixture. Adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 60% to 70% and mix thoroughly. The compost is piled up and allowed to ferment naturally. During the natural fermentation process, the pile is turned over every 7 to 10 days, for a total of 3 to 4 times, until the temperature of the sheep manure matches the ambient temperature and no longer rises. This completes the composting process and yields organic fertilizer.

6. The method for preventing yellowing of peach trees planted early in a facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alternating irrigation method is as follows: when the soil moisture content is lower than 60% of the maximum field water holding capacity, irrigate 10 to 15 cubic meters of water per mu. The first irrigation is carried out on one side of the peach tree, while the other side is not irrigated. The second irrigation is carried out on the other side of the peach tree, and the irrigation of the entire plot is completed in two irrigations. This cycle is repeated until the peach tree goes into hibernation.

7. The method for preventing yellowing of peach trees planted early in a facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer with a humic acid content of 50% is applied at a rate of 4.0 kg / mu to 6.0 kg / mu, with a concentration of 0.2%.

8. The method for preventing yellowing of peach trees planted early in a facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for nourishing roots is as follows: Dissolve the biological agent in water and apply it with drip irrigation at a rate of 10 kg / mu to 12 kg / mu. At the same time, apply humic acid fertilizer and amino acid fertilizer to promote root growth.

9. A method for preventing yellowing of early-planted peach trees using facilities, as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The pruning method is as follows: Prune after the roots have been nurtured for 5 to 7 days. Pruning is done in 2 to 3 times. First, prune the lower fruiting branches of the current year and leave one branch at the base to cultivate the fruiting branch of the following year. Then prune the upper fruiting branches and remove outward-moving branches to create a well-ventilated and light-transmitting environment for the tree. The total pruning time should be controlled within 10 to 15 days.

10. The application of the method for preventing yellowing of peach trees in early-planted facilities according to claim 1 in preventing yellowing of peach trees in early-planted facilities.

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