Fish and vegetable symbiotic intelligent system

Abstract

The invention provides a fish and vegetable symbiotic intelligent system which comprises three-level linkage units, namely an aquaculture area, a nitrifying bacteria cultivation area and a tidal water culture planting area, and each area is provided with an independent function module and is integrated with a central control unit. The data monitoring center is connected with the aquaculture area function module through an industrial bus and issues an environment regulation and control instruction. The aquaculture area central control unit drives an underwater air injection device to adjust dissolved oxygen based on the instruction, and a nitrification instruction is generated and sent to the nitrifying bacterium cultivation area. After receiving the instruction, the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area controls the flow speed and temperature of a circulating sprayer, generates an irrigation instruction and sends the irrigation instruction to the tidal water culture planting area. The central control unit of the tidal hydroponic planting area controls an overflow siphon according to the irrigation instruction, and tidal irrigation is achieved by connecting a water level sensor. According to the system, efficient collaborative operation of aquaculture, nitrobacterium cultivation and tidal water culture planting can be achieved, and the automation degree, the resource utilization efficiency and the operation stability of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agriculture and aquaculture technology, and more specifically, to a smart aquaponics system. Background Technology

[0002] In today's agricultural and aquaculture sectors, aquaponics systems are gaining increasing attention due to the pursuit of efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable production models. Traditional aquaponics systems typically combine aquaculture with vegetable cultivation, utilizing nutrients from fish excrement to provide nourishment for plants while simultaneously purifying water through plant absorption, achieving a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. However, most existing aquaponics systems rely heavily on manual operation and simple mechanical devices, resulting in low levels of automation and difficulty in achieving precise environmental control and efficient resource utilization. For example, dissolved oxygen regulation usually depends on manually turning on aeration equipment after observing water conditions. This method cannot accurately meet the dissolved oxygen requirements of fish in real time, potentially leading to slow growth or even death from oxygen deprivation. Furthermore, the cultivation of nitrifying bacteria and the irrigation process for plants lack intelligent control, failing to dynamically adjust operating parameters based on real-time environmental data, thus affecting the overall efficiency and stability of the system.

[0003] In terms of technical principles, although traditional aquaponics systems are based on the concept of ecological cycles, in actual operation, the lack of effective data monitoring and analysis methods makes it difficult to achieve refined management of each link within the system. For example, the inability to accurately monitor the activity and quantity of nitrifying bacteria leads to low ammonia nitrogen conversion efficiency, affecting water purification effects. At the same time, the irrigation methods are relatively simple and cannot be personalized according to the different growth stages and water requirements of different plants, thus limiting the growth potential of the plants.

[0004] In implementing the embodiments of the present invention, the prior art has at least the following problems or defects: low degree of automation, unable to achieve precise environmental control; lack of intelligent data monitoring and analysis methods, making it difficult to carry out refined management of each link in the system; single irrigation method, unable to meet the growth needs of different plants; insufficient ability to cope with sudden failures, resulting in poor system stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an intelligent aquaponics system, comprising: The three-level linkage unit consists of an aquaculture area, a nitrifying bacteria cultivation area, and a tidal hydroponic planting area, arranged in the direction of water flow. Each area is equipped with an independent functional module, and each functional module integrates a central control unit. The data monitoring center connects to the functional modules of the aquaculture area via an industrial bus and issues environmental control instructions. The central control unit of the aquaculture area's functional modules drives the underwater waterproof jet device to regulate dissolved oxygen based on environmental control commands, and generates nitrification commands to send to the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area; The central control unit of the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area module receives nitrification commands, controls the flow rate of the circulating sprayer and the temperature of the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area, and generates irrigation commands to send to the tidal hydroponic planting area. The central control unit of the tidal hydroponic planting area functional module controls the overflow siphon pipe based on irrigation commands. The overflow siphon pipe is connected to a water level sensor to realize tidal irrigation.

[0006] Furthermore, the communication system of the functional module performs the following workflow: When the waterproof RS485 interface is used as the main channel to transmit control commands, the interface sealing status is monitored in real time. When moisture intrusion is detected causing signal attenuation, the system automatically switches to the LoRa wireless backup channel to transmit data. After the channel is switched, data integrity verification is initiated, and timestamps and encrypted verification codes are added to ensure that the instructions have not been tampered with.

[0007] Furthermore, the working logic of the data monitoring center includes: Compare the current dissolved oxygen level with historical data, and activate the aeration jet device in the aquaculture area in advance when the deviation continues to widen. When the pH value continuously exceeds the threshold range, the system automatically scans the liquid level in the storage tank of the storage sprayer and the status of the dispensing mechanism. The tidal irrigation cycle is dynamically adjusted based on water temperature sensor data and plant growth stage models.

[0008] Furthermore, the control method for the overflow siphon includes: Before each startup, a test pulse is sent to the water level sensor to verify the pipeline's sealing performance through pressure changes. When the siphon interruption reaches the set number of times, the main circuit valve is closed and the backup circuit is opened; Record the water flow parameters of successful siphoning and optimize the opening of the inlet valve for the next startup.

[0009] Furthermore, the workflow of the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area includes: When the water temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the bacterial bed is lower than the activity threshold, the electric heating film heating device is activated and the speed of the circulating sprayer is reduced. When the dissolved oxygen sensor detects that the content is approaching the critical value, the solenoid valve directly connected to the pure oxygen storage tank is opened; The amount of organic matter added is dynamically calculated based on the conversion efficiency fed back by the ammonia nitrogen sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, the fault prevention method for the overflow siphon includes: Establish a correlation model between dissolved oxygen changes and pH fluctuations; When single sensor data deviates from the model, data from adjacent functional modules are used for cross-validation. If the verification fails, the sensor self-cleaning program will be activated. If the problem persists after cleaning, switch to safety control mode.

[0011] Furthermore, the energy management method includes: When the light sensor detects sufficient sunlight, it automatically switches to solar power. Real-time monitoring of peak power consumption in three regions, and shutdown of non-core devices during peak power consumption periods; When the rain sensor detects a rainstorm signal, it activates the waterproof power supply line.

[0012] Furthermore, the method for controlling the storage sprayer includes: Analyze the slope of pH sensor data changes, and initiate preventative micro-dosing when the slope exceeds the warning value; The tank valves are opened in stages according to the degree of deviation between the actual pH value and the threshold. Record the pH drop curve after administration and automatically calibrate the dosage for the next administration.

[0013] Furthermore, the root irrigation method includes: The camera captures images of plant leaves, and the central control unit compares them with a feature database to determine the growth stage. Generate a pulsed irrigation scheme that matches the growth stage; When the water level sensor detects a siphon failure, the backup drip irrigation system is immediately activated.

[0014] Furthermore, the security control mode is executed as follows: When sensor data is abnormal, it automatically acquires data from adjacent functional modules and performs weighted calculations. When the circulating sprayer malfunctions, the siphon gravity diversion is activated by utilizing the water level difference. The dissolved oxygen monitoring system and the electrothermal film of the bacterial bed will continue to operate during power outages.

[0015] The embodiments of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects: 1. Through the modular design of the three-level linkage unit and the integration of the central control unit, the coordinated operation of aquaculture, nitrifying bacteria cultivation, and tidal hydroponics is realized. Each functional module can dynamically adjust operating parameters based on real-time environmental data, such as precise regulation of dissolved oxygen and temperature and flow rate control in the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency and stability of the system and solving the problems of low automation and inability to precisely control traditional aquaponics systems.

[0016] 2. The communication system between the data monitoring center and each functional module is equipped with a waterproof RS485 interface and a LoRa wireless backup channel. It can automatically switch channels when moisture intrusion causes signal attenuation, and ensures that commands have not been tampered with through data integrity verification. This redundancy design enhances the system's reliability and anti-interference capabilities, solving the problems of poor communication stability and susceptibility to environmental influences in existing technologies.

[0017] 3. The system monitors environmental parameters in real time using multiple sensors and dynamically adjusts irrigation cycles and dissolved oxygen supply based on plant growth stage models. For example, it dynamically adjusts tidal irrigation cycles based on water temperature sensor data and plant growth stage models, and dynamically calculates organic matter application rates using ammonia nitrogen sensor feedback. These intelligent control measures can meet the growth needs of different plants and fish, improve resource utilization efficiency, and solve the problem of traditional irrigation systems being limited in variety and unable to meet personalized needs. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings by way of example and not limitation, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an aquaponics smart system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] like Figure 1As shown, this application proposes an intelligent aquaponics system, comprising: a three-level linkage unit, arranged sequentially according to water flow direction as an aquaculture zone, a nitrifying bacteria cultivation zone, and a tidal hydroponic planting zone, each zone having an independent functional module, and each functional module integrating a central control unit; a data monitoring center, connected to the aquaculture zone functional module via an industrial bus, issuing environmental control commands; the central control unit of the aquaculture zone functional module, based on the environmental control commands, drives an underwater waterproof jet device to adjust dissolved oxygen and generates nitrification commands to be sent to the nitrifying bacteria cultivation zone; the central control unit of the nitrifying bacteria cultivation zone functional module receives the nitrification commands, controls the flow rate of the circulating sprayer and the temperature of the nitrifying bacteria cultivation zone, generates irrigation commands and sends them to the tidal hydroponic planting zone; the central control unit of the tidal hydroponic planting zone functional module, based on the irrigation commands, controls an overflow siphon, the overflow siphon connected to a water level sensor to achieve tidal irrigation.

[0021] The three-level linkage unit refers to three functional areas—an aquaculture area, a nitrifying bacteria cultivation area, and a tidal hydroponic planting area—set in series according to the water flow direction. This can be achieved by connecting physically isolated independent water tanks with guide pipes, allowing for material circulation through sequential water flow. Each independent functional module is a dedicated control device for each area, which can be implemented using embedded controllers and sensor arrays, enabling independent operation of each area through modular design. The central control unit is a data processing device integrated into the functional modules, which can be implemented using a PLC controller or microprocessor, used for environmental parameter analysis and command generation. The industrial bus is the communication line connecting the data monitoring center and the functional modules, which can be implemented using an RS485 bus or industrial Ethernet, transmitting control commands through standard protocols. The underwater waterproof jetting device is an oxygenation device used to regulate dissolved oxygen, which can be implemented using an air pump controlled by an electromagnetic valve and nano-aeration pipes, changing the oxygen content of the water through gas flow control. The circulating sprayer is a liquid distribution device used to maintain the activity of nitrifying bacteria. It can be implemented using a rotary nozzle driven by a variable frequency motor, and the humidity of the bacterial bed is controlled by adjusting the flow rate. The overflow siphon is a water level control device for tidal irrigation. It can be implemented using a U-shaped pipe and a pressure sensor, and the siphon effect is triggered by the water level difference to complete the periodic irrigation.

[0022] The core innovation of this application lies in achieving automated and coordinated control of three stages—aquaculture, nitrification, and plant irrigation—through a three-tiered linkage structure combined with a central control unit. Each functional module dynamically adjusts its operating parameters based on real-time data, solving the problem of control lag caused by manual operation in traditional systems. Furthermore, modular design enhances system stability and maintainability.

[0023] The working process and principle of this application are as follows: the aquaponics intelligent system comprises a three-tiered linkage unit, a data monitoring center, and functional modules. The three-tiered linkage unit is arranged sequentially according to the water flow direction, comprising an aquaculture zone, a nitrifying bacteria cultivation zone, and a tidal hydroponic planting zone. Each zone is equipped with an independent functional module and integrates a central control unit. The data monitoring center connects to the functional modules of the aquaculture zone via an industrial bus and issues environmental control commands.

[0024] After receiving environmental control commands, the central control unit of the aquaculture zone module drives the underwater waterproof jetting device to regulate dissolved oxygen. Simultaneously, it generates nitrification commands and sends them to the nitrifying bacteria cultivation zone. The central control unit of the nitrifying bacteria cultivation zone module receives these commands and controls the flow rate of the circulating sprayers and the temperature of the cultivation zone. Then, it generates irrigation commands and sends them to the tidal hydroponic planting zone. The central control unit of the tidal hydroponic planting zone module controls the overflow siphon based on the irrigation commands. The overflow siphon is connected to a water level sensor to achieve tidal irrigation.

[0025] The three-tiered linkage system enables a coordinated mechanism between aquaculture, nitrifying bacteria cultivation, and plant planting. The data monitoring center connects functional modules via an industrial bus, ensuring real-time data transmission. The underwater waterproof jet sprayer, directly driven by the central control unit, achieves rapid dissolved oxygen regulation. The coordinated control of the circulating sprayer's flow rate and temperature establishes a closed-loop system for nitrifying bacteria cultivation. The combination of the overflow siphon and water level sensor establishes a dynamically triggered tidal irrigation mechanism.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: The aquaponics smart system comprises a three-tiered interconnected unit: an aquaculture zone, a nitrifying bacteria cultivation zone, and a hydroponic planting zone. The aquaculture zone consists of circular aquaculture ponds with multiple underwater waterproof air jets installed at the bottom. The nitrifying bacteria cultivation zone uses columnar cultivation tanks filled with biological filter media and equipped with circulating sprayers at the top. The hydroponic planting zone uses rectangular planting troughs connected to an overflow siphon at the bottom.

[0027] The data monitoring center is equipped with industrial-grade servers and data analysis software. It connects to the functional modules of the aquaculture area via an industrial bus, collecting water quality parameters in real time and issuing environmental control commands. Upon receiving these commands, the central control unit of the aquaculture area's functional modules controls the activation time and bubble size of the underwater waterproof aeration device, adjusting the dissolved oxygen concentration. Simultaneously, it generates nitrification commands based on ammonia nitrogen concentration and sends them to the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area.

[0028] The central control unit of the nitrifying bacteria cultivation zone receives nitrification commands, adjusts the rotation speed and flow rate of the circulating sprayer, and controls the temperature inside the cultivation tank. Based on the nitrification efficiency, it generates irrigation commands and sends them to the tidal hydroponic planting zone. The central control unit of the tidal hydroponic planting zone receives these irrigation commands and controls the start and stop of the overflow siphon. A water level sensor monitors water level changes and triggers the siphon process, achieving tidal irrigation.

[0029] This application further proposes that the communication system execute the following workflow: when the waterproof RS485 interface is used as the main channel to transmit control commands, the sealing status of the interface is monitored in real time; when water vapor intrusion is detected, causing signal attenuation, the system automatically switches to the LoRa wireless backup channel to transmit data; after the channel switch, data integrity verification is initiated, and the commands are ensured to have not been tampered with by adding timestamps and encrypted check codes.

[0030] The waterproof RS485 interface employs a double-sealing structure of a metal sealing ring and waterproof adhesive, with an integrated humidity sensor monitoring the sealing status in real time. The LoRa wireless module is embedded within the functional module's outer shell, and the antenna is treated with a waterproof coating. Data integrity verification uses the AES-128 encryption algorithm to generate a checksum, with timestamp accuracy down to the millisecond level. The primary and backup channels share the same data buffer, ensuring data continuity during handover.

[0031] Specifically, when the humidity sensor detects that the humidity at the interface exceeds a set threshold, the central control unit immediately cuts off RS485 physical layer communication and activates the LoRa module to establish a wireless connection. During the switching process, the instructions to be transmitted in the buffer are automatically added with the current system timestamp, and a 16-bit checksum is generated and appended to the end of the data packet using an encryption algorithm. After receiving the data packet, the receiving end first verifies the synchronization between the timestamp and the system clock, and then verifies the checksum matching degree through decryption. If both verifications pass, the instruction enters the execution queue; if the verification fails, the data retransmission mechanism is triggered. For example, when the aquaculture area functional module sends a nitrification instruction, if a rainstorm causes water to seep into the RS485 interface, the system completes the channel switching within 0.5 seconds to ensure the timely delivery of temperature control instructions for the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: The communication system of the functional module executes the following workflow: When the waterproof RS485 interface is used as the main channel to transmit control commands, the sealing status of the interface is monitored in real time. When moisture intrusion is detected, causing signal attenuation, the system automatically switches to the LoRa wireless backup channel to transmit data. After the channel switch, data integrity verification is initiated, and timestamps and encrypted checksums are added to ensure that the commands have not been tampered with.

[0033] Specifically, the waterproof RS485 interface uses an IP67-rated sealed housing and has a built-in humidity sensor to monitor the internal environment in real time. When the humidity sensor detects a relative humidity exceeding 85%, the system determines that there may be a risk of moisture intrusion. At this time, the system automatically triggers a signal strength test program, sending test data packets to the receiver and recording the degree of signal attenuation. If the signal attenuation exceeds a preset threshold, such as a 20% drop in signal strength, the system immediately switches to the LoRa wireless backup channel.

[0034] LoRa wireless channels utilize the 868MHz frequency band, achieving a transmission distance of up to 1 kilometer. After switching to the backup channel, the system first sends a set of predefined handshake signals to confirm the establishment of the communication link. Subsequently, a data integrity verification procedure is initiated. This procedure adds a 32-bit timestamp and a 256-bit SHA-3 encrypted checksum to each instruction. Upon receiving data, the receiving end first verifies whether the timestamp is within an allowed time window, such as 30 seconds. Then, it recalculates the checksum using the pre-shared key and compares it with the received checksum to ensure the instruction has not been tampered with.

[0035] This application further proposes the following working logic for the data monitoring center: comparing the current dissolved oxygen value with historical data, and activating the aeration jet device in the aquaculture area in advance when the deviation continues to expand; automatically scanning the liquid level of the storage tank and the status of the dispensing mechanism when the pH value continuously exceeds the threshold range; and dynamically adjusting the tidal irrigation cycle based on water temperature sensor data and plant growth stage model.

[0036] The dissolved oxygen deviation analysis uses a sliding window algorithm to calculate the rate of change between the current value and the historical average. When the rate of change exceeds a set threshold and the duration reaches a preset cycle, an oxygenation command is triggered. Continuous pH detection uses a dual-threshold range; when the data exceeds the outer threshold three times consecutively, a status scan of the storage sprayer is initiated. Tank level detection uses an ultrasonic sensor, and the dispensing mechanism status detection includes motor current monitoring. Water temperature sensor data is correlated with a plant growth stage model. The model has a built-in table of irrigation cycle parameters corresponding to different water temperature ranges, and dynamic adjustment is achieved through a combination of table lookup and linear interpolation.

[0037] Specifically, dissolved oxygen deviation monitoring collects sensor data in real time and stores historical records. When the dissolved oxygen value continuously deviates from the historical average, the aeration jet device is activated in advance to prevent fish from suffering from oxygen deficiency due to a sudden increase in oxygen consumption. When the pH value continuously exceeds the threshold, the system automatically detects the remaining capacity of the storage tank and the operating status of the mechanical components of the feed sprayer to ensure that the sprayer has normal dispensing capacity under abnormal circumstances. Water temperature sensor data is correlated with the plant root growth rate and combined with water requirement models for different growth stages to automatically extend or shorten the tidal irrigation interval. For example, high-frequency short-cycle irrigation is used during the seedling stage, and low-frequency long-cycle mode is switched during the mature stage.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: The working logic of the data monitoring center includes the following steps: First, the system compares the current dissolved oxygen level with historical data. It continuously monitors dissolved oxygen sensor data in the aquaculture area and compares it with data from the same period over the past 24 hours. When the deviation is detected to be continuously widening and exceeding a preset threshold, such as 10%, the system activates the aeration jet device in the aquaculture area in advance. The aeration jet device uses microporous aeration technology, generating a large number of tiny bubbles through compressed air to improve oxygen dissolution efficiency.

[0039] Secondly, the system continuously monitors the pH value. When the pH value exceeds the preset threshold range three times consecutively, such as 6.5-8.5, an automatic check procedure for the storage sprayer is triggered. The system scans the liquid level sensor data in the storage sprayer tank to confirm whether the pH adjuster level is sufficient. Simultaneously, it checks the status of the motor and valves of the dispensing mechanism to ensure they are in normal working order.

[0040] Finally, the tidal irrigation cycle is dynamically adjusted based on water temperature sensor data and plant growth stage models. The system collects water temperature data and, combined with pre-established water requirement models for different plant varieties at various growth stages, calculates the optimal irrigation frequency and duration. For example, during the seedling stage, the system may increase the irrigation frequency but shorten the duration of each irrigation to keep the roots moist but avoid waterlogging. As the plants enter their vigorous growth phase, the system adjusts the irrigation strategy accordingly, increasing the amount of water per irrigation but decreasing the frequency to promote deeper root development.

[0041] This application further proposes a control method for the overflow siphon pipe, including: sending a test pulse to the water level sensor before each start-up to verify the pipe sealing performance through pressure changes; closing the main circuit valve and opening the backup circuit when the siphon interruption reaches a set number; recording the water flow parameters of successful siphoning to optimize the opening degree of the inlet valve for the next start-up.

[0042] The test pulse uses the time difference between the reflected signal received by the water level sensor to determine the pipeline pressure change. If the pressure decay rate exceeds a preset threshold, a seal failure is determined. The number of siphon interruptions is counted by a counter module, and a loop switching command is triggered when the cumulative number reaches three. Water flow parameters are stored in the historical database of the central control unit, and the optimal valve opening is calculated using a linear regression algorithm.

[0043] Specifically, before startup, a test pulse of a specific frequency is sent to the water level sensor, which detects the attenuation of the pressure waveform within the pipeline. If the pressure change meets the preset sealing standard, siphon startup is allowed; if abnormal attenuation is detected, the current operation is automatically terminated and an alarm is triggered. During the siphon process, the central control unit monitors the water flow status in real time. When the number of interruptions accumulates to a set threshold, the main circuit solenoid valve is closed and the hydraulic drive device of the backup circuit is activated. After each successful siphon, the system extracts real-time data from the flow sensor, combines it with the records of the previous five runs, and uses the least squares method to fit the optimal opening curve of the inlet valve, writing the calculation results into the control parameter library. This process achieves closed-loop control with active verification of sealing performance, rapid fault switching, and dynamic parameter optimization.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: The control method for the overflow siphon pipe includes the following steps: First, a test pulse is sent to the water level sensor before each start-up. This test pulse verifies the pipe's sealing performance through pressure changes. Specifically, the test pulse is a brief pressure wave generated by the control unit and transmitted through the pipe. After receiving this pressure wave, the water level sensor sends a feedback signal back to the control unit. The control unit determines whether there is a leak or blockage in the pipe by analyzing the strength and delay time of the feedback signal.

[0045] Secondly, the system continuously monitors the siphon process. When a preset number of siphon interruptions are detected, the system automatically performs a switching operation. Specifically, the control unit closes the valve in the main circuit and simultaneously opens the backup circuit. This design ensures that the system can continue to operate normally even if a problem occurs in the main circuit.

[0046] Finally, the system records the water flow parameters for each successful siphon. These parameters include water velocity, flow rate, and duration. The control unit uses this data for analysis and optimizes the opening of the inlet valve for the next startup. For example, if the flow rate of the previous siphon was low, the system may slightly increase the valve opening for the next startup to improve efficiency.

[0047] This application further proposes the following workflow for the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area: when the water temperature sensor detects that the bed temperature is lower than the activity threshold, the electric heating film heating device is activated and the rotation speed of the circulating sprayer is reduced; when the dissolved oxygen sensor detects that the content is approaching the critical value, the solenoid valve directly connected to the pure oxygen storage tank is opened; and the amount of organic matter added is dynamically calculated based on the conversion efficiency fed back by the ammonia nitrogen sensor.

[0048] The system includes an electric heating film device positioned at the bottom of the mushroom bed to maintain its temperature through heat conduction; a variable frequency motor controls the rotation speed of the circulating sprayer, allowing for longer contact time between the water and the mushroom bed; a pulse-type opening mode is used for the solenoid valve of the pure oxygen storage tank to prevent excessive oxygen supply; and ammonia nitrogen sensor data is analyzed in real time by a central control unit, which then combines this data with a preset conversion efficiency model to generate parameters for organic matter dosage. For example, when the ammonia nitrogen conversion efficiency is below 85% of the set value, the organic matter dosage is adjusted at a rate of 0.2 grams per cubic meter of water per minute.

[0049] Specifically, the temperature of the bacterial bed is continuously monitored by an embedded PT100 temperature sensor. When the temperature drops below 25°C, the electric heating film activates at a power of 50 watts per square meter, while the rotation speed of the circulating sprayer decreases from 120 rpm to 80 rpm. Dissolved oxygen content is monitored by an optical sensor. When the concentration is below 3 mg / L, a solenoid valve injects pure oxygen into the water at a cycle of opening for 5 seconds every 30 seconds. An ammonia nitrogen sensor collects data every 10 minutes. The central control unit calculates the amount of organic matter to be added based on the difference between the current conversion efficiency and the target value using a proportional-integral algorithm, and controls the valve opening of the storage silo via a stepper motor. This achieves closed-loop control of bacterial bed activity, dissolved oxygen concentration, and organic matter supply, ensuring that the nitrification reaction efficiency remains stable within the optimal range.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: The workflow of the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area includes the following steps: First, a water temperature sensor continuously monitors the temperature of the bacterial bed. When the temperature of the bacterial bed is detected to be below 20°C, the system determines that the temperature is below the activity threshold of nitrifying bacteria and immediately activates the electric heating film heating device. The electric heating film gradually increases the temperature of the bacterial bed at a rate of 0.5°C / min, while the rotation speed of the circulating sprayer is reduced to 50% to reduce the cooling effect of the water flow on the bacterial bed.

[0051] Secondly, a dissolved oxygen sensor monitors the dissolved oxygen content in the water in real time. When the content drops to 4 mg / L, the system determines that the dissolved oxygen is approaching the critical value for nitrifying bacteria survival and immediately opens the solenoid valve connected to the pure oxygen storage tank. Pure oxygen is continuously injected at a rate of 0.5 L / min until the dissolved oxygen content recovers to 6 mg / L.

[0052] Finally, the ammonia nitrogen sensor collects data every 30 minutes to calculate the ammonia nitrogen conversion efficiency of nitrifying bacteria. The system dynamically adjusts the amount of organic matter added based on the trend of the conversion efficiency. For example, when the conversion efficiency decreases by 10%, the system automatically reduces the amount of organic matter added by 20% to prevent ammonia nitrogen accumulation and water quality deterioration.

[0053] This application further proposes a fault prevention method for overflow siphon pipes, including: establishing a correlation model between dissolved oxygen changes and pH fluctuations; calling data from adjacent functional modules for cross-validation when single sensor data deviates from the model; initiating a sensor self-cleaning program after verification failure; and switching to a safety control mode if the problem persists after cleaning.

[0054] The dissolved oxygen-pH correlation model is trained using historical operational data to predict the reasonable pH range for specific dissolved oxygen levels. Cross-validation involves acquiring dissolved oxygen data from the aquaculture area or pH data from the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area via an industrial bus and logically comparing it with current detection values. The sensor self-cleaning program uses a high-pressure air pump to generate pulsed airflow to remove deposits from the probe surface; the cleaning cycle is set to three pulse jets. Once the safety control mode is activated, the main circuit valve of the overflow siphon is set to close at 45 degrees, and the backup circuit opening speed is controlled to be completed within 0.5 seconds.

[0055] Specifically, when the water level sensor detects a siphon interruption, it first retrieves real-time data from the dissolved oxygen and pH sensors and inputs them into the correlation model to calculate the theoretical deviation threshold. If the measured value exceeds the threshold range, it obtains flow rate data from the circulating sprayer in the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area, or operating status data from the waterproof jetting device in the aquaculture area, for multi-source data matching verification. For example, when the pH sensor displays an abnormally high value, it simultaneously checks whether the temperature in the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area exceeds 35°C, and combines this with ammonia nitrogen conversion efficiency data to determine sensor reliability. If verification fails, it uses a solenoid valve to control compressed air to clean the sensor probe, and after cleaning, it re-acquires data after a 10-second delay. If the data still deviates from the model, it closes the main circuit valve and activates the backup circuit, while simultaneously fixing the siphon flow rate parameter to the historical average to maintain basic irrigation function. This process, through dynamic data verification and redundant control mechanisms, effectively avoids the risk of system downtime caused by single-point failures.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: The fault prevention method for overflow siphon pipes includes the following steps: First, a correlation model between dissolved oxygen changes and pH fluctuations was established. This model, through collecting long-term operational data, utilizes machine learning algorithms to analyze the interaction between dissolved oxygen and pH, generating a predictive model.

[0057] Secondly, when single-sensor data deviates from the model, data from adjacent functional modules are used for cross-validation. The system compares sensor data with model predictions in real time, and automatically calls sensor data from adjacent functional modules when the deviation exceeds a preset threshold. By comparing data from multiple points, the credibility of the abnormal data is determined.

[0058] Secondly, the sensor self-cleaning procedure is initiated after verification fails. If cross-validation still shows abnormal data, the system activates the sensor self-cleaning mechanism. The self-cleaning procedure includes methods such as high-pressure water rinsing and ultrasonic vibration cleaning to remove deposits or biofilms that may affect sensor performance.

[0059] Finally, if the problem persists after cleaning, the system switches to safety control mode. If the sensor data remains abnormal after the self-cleaning process, the system automatically enters safety control mode. In this mode, the system uses conservative parameter settings to ensure the basic survival needs of the fish and plants, while simultaneously issuing an alarm to prompt for manual intervention.

[0060] This application further proposes energy management methods including: automatically switching to solar power when the light sensor detects sufficient sunlight; real-time monitoring of power consumption peaks in three areas and shutting down non-core equipment during peak electricity consumption periods; and activating waterproof power lines when the rain sensor detects a rainstorm signal.

[0061] The light sensor collects ambient illuminance data through a photosensitive element array. When the illuminance value exceeds 10,000 lux for five consecutive minutes, it triggers a power supply mode switching circuit. Peak power consumption monitoring in the three zones uses a time-segmented statistical method, calculating the instantaneous current value of the aquaculture area, nitrifying bacteria cultivation area, and tidal hydroponic planting area every ten minutes. When the current value in any area exceeds 80% of the rated load, a relay cuts off the power supply to non-core equipment in that area. The rain sensor uses a piezoelectric raindrop detection module. When it detects rainfall exceeding 50 mm per minute, it controls an electromagnetic lock to close the sealed connector of the waterproof power supply line.

[0062] Specifically, the light sensor and photovoltaic inverter work together for coordinated control. When the sunlight threshold is reached, the central control unit cuts off the mains power input and activates the solar panel power supply circuit. This process achieves seamless switching through voltage phase synchronization technology. The power consumption monitoring system collects power consumption data for each area using Hall current sensors. During peak hours, it prioritizes shutting down auxiliary lighting equipment and the data backup system, while maintaining the operation of the core water circulation pump and temperature control device. The waterproof power supply line uses a double-layer insulating sleeve structure. When the rain sensor triggers an alarm signal, an electromagnetic lock presses the rubber seal of the power supply interface to a preset pressure value, and simultaneously starts the drainage pump to remove accumulated water around the line. This tiered energy management mechanism effectively reduces power consumption and prevents short-circuit faults caused by heavy rain while ensuring continuous system operation.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: Energy management methods include the following steps: When the light sensor detects sufficient sunlight, it automatically switches to solar power. Specifically, the light sensor monitors the light intensity in real time. When the light intensity exceeds a preset threshold and persists for a certain period of time, the control system automatically activates the solar power module, switching the system's power supply to the solar panel array.

[0064] The system monitors the peak power consumption of the three zones in real time and shuts down non-core equipment during peak electricity consumption periods. Furthermore, the system continuously records the power consumption of the aquaculture zone, nitrifying bacteria cultivation zone, and tidal hydroponic planting zone through a power monitoring module. When the total power consumption approaches a preset peak value, the control system sequentially shuts down non-core equipment, such as lighting systems and auxiliary heating devices, according to a pre-set priority order.

[0065] When the rain sensor detects a rainstorm signal, it activates the waterproof power supply circuit. The rain sensor continuously monitors rainfall. When the detected rainfall exceeds a preset rainstorm threshold, the control system automatically cuts off the regular power supply circuit and simultaneously activates the waterproof power supply circuit to ensure the system can operate safely and stably even in severe weather conditions.

[0066] This application further proposes a method for controlling the storage sprayer, including: analyzing the slope of pH sensor data changes, and initiating preventive micro-dosing when the slope exceeds the warning value; opening the storage tank valve in stages according to the degree of deviation between the actual pH value and the threshold; recording the pH value drop curve after dosing, and automatically calibrating the dosage for the next dosing.

[0067] The slope of pH sensor data change is calculated using a differential algorithm to determine the rate of change between adjacent sampling periods. When the rate of change exceeds a preset threshold, a micro-dispensing mechanism is triggered. The storage tank valve employs multi-stage opening control, with deviation levels divided into three intervals corresponding to valve openings of 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively. The pH value decline curve is fitted using an exponential function, and the calibration coefficient is dynamically adjusted based on the difference between the curve slope and the target value.

[0068] Specifically, when the pH sensor detects an increase in pH value exceeding 0.3 units / min per unit time, the micro-dispensing mechanism immediately injects neutralizing agent at a flow rate of 5 mL / s. If the actual pH value exceeds the standard range by 0.5 units, the secondary valve opens to 50% and the dispensing flow rate increases to 10 mL / s. After each dispensing, the system records a pH value decreasing by 0.2 units within 30 seconds to achieve the target. When the measured rate of pH decay is lower than 80% of the standard value, the next dispensing dose is automatically increased by 15%. Through the combination of a tiered response mechanism and feedback calibration, rapid intervention is achieved in the early stages of sudden water quality changes, while avoiding resource waste caused by over-dispensing.

[0069] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: An embedded processor is configured in the storage sprayer control process. This processor collects real-time detection data from the pH sensor in the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area and calculates its rate of change per unit time. When the rate of change exceeds a preset threshold of 0.05 pH / minute, the actuator is triggered to spray alkaline buffer solution onto the culture bed at a rate of 5 ml / minute. The deviation between the actual pH value and the target threshold is divided into three levels: the first-level valve is opened when the deviation is in the range of 0.3-0.5 pH; the second-level valve is opened in conjunction with the deviation when the deviation is in the range of 0.5-1.0 pH; and the full-flow valve is activated when the deviation exceeds 1.0 pH. After each application operation, the system continuously records the pH recovery curve and establishes a time-concentration correspondence database. The optimal application rate correction coefficient is calculated using a linear regression algorithm, and this coefficient is automatically updated to the next round of control parameters.

[0070] This application further proposes a method for controlling the storage sprayer, including: analyzing the slope of pH sensor data changes, and initiating preventive micro-dosing when the slope exceeds the warning value; opening the storage tank valve in stages according to the degree of deviation between the actual pH value and the threshold; recording the pH value drop curve after dosing, and automatically calibrating the dosage for the next dosing.

[0071] The slope of pH sensor data change is obtained through continuous sampling, and the warning value is set to change by 0.3-0.5 units per minute. The tank valve has three opening levels: the first level opens when the deviation is within ±0.2 of the threshold, the second level opens when the deviation is within ±0.2-0.5, and the third level opens when the deviation exceeds ±0.5. The pH value drop curve is calculated by fitting an exponential function to determine the half-life, and the calibration coefficient is dynamically adjusted according to the difference between the half-life and the target value.

[0072] Specifically, when the pH sensor detects a data change rate exceeding 0.3 units per minute, the sprayer immediately performs a micro-dosage to preemptively neutralize potential pH spikes. Deviation level control compares the absolute difference between the real-time pH value and a set threshold, triggering corresponding valve opening levels to prevent over- or under-dosing. After dosing, the system continuously monitors the pH recovery process, recording the time curve from peak to the safe range. By calculating the curve slope and its matching degree with a preset model, the initial dosage for the next dosing is automatically adjusted. For example, if the actual half-life is 20% longer than expected, the calibration coefficient is increased by 15% to increase the next dosing amount. Thus, this method achieves dynamic response and precise control to pH changes, ensuring the stability of nitrifying bacteria activity and ammonia nitrogen conversion efficiency.

[0073] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: The camera uses an infrared spectral imaging device to capture the leaf vein distribution characteristics of plant leaves. The central control unit extracts the leaf edge texture features through a convolutional neural network algorithm and performs similarity matching between the feature vector and a stored database of plant growth stages, which contains standard leaf morphological parameters corresponding to the growth period, flowering period, and maturity period. When the leaf area index is detected to reach a preset threshold, a pulsed intermittent irrigation scheme is generated, specifically by opening the solenoid valve at intervals, with each opening lasting 0.5 seconds and an interval of 15 minutes. The water level sensor uses a piezoelectric sensor to monitor the pressure fluctuations in the siphon pipe in real time. When the pressure value is detected to be below the critical threshold three times consecutively, the drip irrigation pipeline buried in the plant root system is immediately activated, wherein a one-way check valve is provided between the drip irrigation pipeline and the water storage tank.

[0074] This application further proposes a method for implementing a safety control mode, including automatically acquiring data from adjacent functional modules for weighted calculation, using the water level difference to start siphon gravity diversion when the circulating sprayer fails, and maintaining the operation of the dissolved oxygen monitoring system and the electric heating film of the bacterial bed when the power supply is interrupted.

[0075] The system employs a weighted calculation mechanism for adjacent functional modules. Sensor data from the aquaculture and nitrifying bacteria cultivation areas is acquired via a communication system and fused according to preset weighting coefficients. A siphon gravity drainage system establishes an emergency water path between the tidal hydroponic planting area and the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area. When the circulating sprayer stops, a water level sensor detects the liquid level difference between the two areas and automatically opens the gravity drainage valve. A dual-circuit power supply design is used to handle power outages. Upon main power failure, the battery pack is immediately activated, prioritizing continuous power supply to the dissolved oxygen sensor and the culture bed temperature sensor.

[0076] Specifically, when dissolved oxygen sensor data is abnormal, the system cross-validates water temperature data from the aquaculture area with ammonia nitrogen conversion efficiency data from the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area, and calculates a correction value using a linear regression model. When a mechanical failure occurs in the circulating sprayer, the water level sensor detects that the liquid level in the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area has risen to the warning line, simultaneously opening the bottom drain valve of the cultivation area and the inlet valve of the tidal hydroponic planting area, utilizing the two-meter water level difference to create a siphon effect. During power supply system switching, the central control unit automatically shuts off unnecessary lighting equipment and data storage modules, concentrating limited power to supply the dissolved oxygen monitoring probe and the electrothermal film of the bacterial bed to maintain basic biological activity. For example, the battery pack can sustain critical equipment operation for four hours, during which time alarm signals are transmitted via LoRa wireless channels.

[0077] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: When the dissolved oxygen sensor detects abnormal fluctuations, the pH sensor data from the adjacent aquaculture area and the ammonia nitrogen sensor reading from the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area are retrieved. A weighted average algorithm is used to calculate temporary control parameters, with the weight allocation ratio being 60% for data from adjacent modules and 40% for historical data from this module. When the circulating sprayer experiences mechanical jamming, the power supply to the circulating pump is turned off and the drain valve at the bottom of the substrate is opened. A gravity drainage channel is formed using the 1.2-meter height difference between the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area and the hydroponic planting area, and nutrient solution delivery is maintained through a 50mm diameter emergency siphon pipe. When the power supply line is interrupted, the backup lithium battery pack prioritizes powering the dissolved oxygen probe, while the electric heating film is kept in a constant temperature mode of 28°C through a relay switching circuit. At this time, unnecessary LED lighting and data upload functions are turned off.

[0078] Through the above technical solutions, this application effectively solves the problem that traditional systems cannot maintain core functions during sudden failures. By using a multi-module data fusion and computing mechanism, reliable control of environmental parameters can still be maintained even when a single sensor fails; the emergency drainage channel formed by physical drop ensures basic circulation of the nutrient solution in the event of power equipment failure; selectively maintaining power supply to critical equipment avoids the risk of fish suffocation and bacterial inactivation caused by system collapse, significantly improving the operational stability and fault tolerance of the aquaponics system.

[0079] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A smart aquaponics system, characterized in that, include: The three-level linkage unit consists of an aquaculture area, a nitrifying bacteria cultivation area, and a tidal hydroponic planting area, arranged in the direction of water flow. Each area is equipped with an independent functional module, and each functional module integrates a central control unit. The data monitoring center connects to the functional modules of the aquaculture area via an industrial bus and issues environmental control instructions. The central control unit of the aquaculture area's functional modules drives the underwater waterproof jet device to regulate dissolved oxygen based on environmental control commands, and generates nitrification commands to send to the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area; The central control unit of the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area module receives nitrification commands, controls the flow rate of the circulating sprayer and the temperature of the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area, and generates irrigation commands to send to the tidal hydroponic planting area. The central control unit of the tidal hydroponic planting area functional module controls the overflow siphon pipe based on irrigation commands. The overflow siphon pipe is connected to a water level sensor to realize tidal irrigation.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication system of the aforementioned functional module executes the following workflow: When the waterproof RS485 interface is used as the main channel to transmit control commands, the interface sealing status is monitored in real time. When moisture intrusion is detected causing signal attenuation, the system automatically switches to the LoRa wireless backup channel to transmit data. After the channel is switched, data integrity verification is initiated, and timestamps and encrypted verification codes are added to ensure that the instructions have not been tampered with.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working logic of the data monitoring center includes: Compare the current dissolved oxygen level with historical data, and activate the aeration jet device in the aquaculture area in advance when the deviation continues to widen. When the pH value continuously exceeds the threshold range, the system automatically scans the liquid level in the storage tank of the storage sprayer and the status of the dispensing mechanism. The tidal irrigation cycle is dynamically adjusted based on water temperature sensor data and plant growth stage models.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control method for the overflow siphon includes: Before each startup, a test pulse is sent to the water level sensor to verify the pipeline's sealing performance through pressure changes. When the siphon interruption reaches the set number of times, the main circuit valve is closed and the backup circuit is opened; Record the water flow parameters of successful siphoning and optimize the opening of the inlet valve for the next startup.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workflow of the nitrifying bacteria cultivation area includes: When the water temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the bacterial bed is lower than the activity threshold, the electric heating film heating device is activated and the speed of the circulating sprayer is reduced. When the dissolved oxygen sensor detects that the content is approaching the critical value, the solenoid valve directly connected to the pure oxygen storage tank is opened; The amount of organic matter added is dynamically calculated based on the conversion efficiency fed back by the ammonia nitrogen sensor.

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fault prevention methods for the overflow siphon include: Establish a correlation model between dissolved oxygen changes and pH fluctuations; When single sensor data deviates from the model, data from adjacent functional modules are used for cross-validation. If the verification fails, the sensor self-cleaning program will be activated. If the problem persists after cleaning, switch to safety control mode.

7. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy management method includes: When the light sensor detects sufficient sunlight, it automatically switches to solar power. Real-time monitoring of peak power consumption in three regions, and shutdown of non-core devices during peak power consumption periods; When the rain sensor detects a rainstorm signal, it activates the waterproof power supply line.

8. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method for controlling the storage sprayer includes: Analyze the slope of pH sensor data changes, and initiate preventative micro-dosing when the slope exceeds the warning value; The tank valves are opened in stages according to the degree of deviation between the actual pH value and the threshold. Record the pH drop curve after administration and automatically calibrate the dosage for the next administration.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root irrigation method includes: The camera captures images of plant leaves, and the central control unit compares them with a feature database to determine the growth stage. Generate a pulsed irrigation scheme that matches the growth stage; When the water level sensor detects a siphon failure, the backup drip irrigation system is immediately activated.

10. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The security control mode is executed as follows: When sensor data is abnormal, it automatically acquires data from adjacent functional modules and performs weighted calculations. When the circulating sprayer malfunctions, the siphon gravity diversion is activated by utilizing the water level difference. The dissolved oxygen monitoring system and the electrothermal film of the bacterial bed will continue to operate during power outages.

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