Functional fermented feed for monogastric animals as well as preparation method and application of functional fermented feed

Abstract

The invention relates to functional fermented feed for monogastric animals as well as a preparation method and application of the functional fermented feed, and belongs to the technical field of feed. The invention provides a preparation method of a functional fermented feed for monogastric animals, which comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing apple pomace, corn, rice bran meal and bran, mixing with lactobacillus plantarum, Kudrii yeast and an enzyme preparation, adjusting the water content to 35-45% to obtain a fermentation raw material, and fermenting the fermentation raw material for 5-7 days. By innovating a fermentation substrate formula and utilizing a bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermentation technology, on one hand, fibers and anti-nutritional factors in raw materials are hydrolyzed by utilizing an enzyme preparation; on the other hand, beneficial metabolites are generated through microbial fermentation. The produced product has a relatively high dietary fiber level, a proper proportion of insoluble and soluble fibers, contains beneficial microbial metabolites, and has remarkable effects of relieving constipation of monogastric animals, improving intestinal flora balance and improving intestinal health of the monogastric animals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed technology, and in particular to a functional fermented feed for monogastric animals, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0003] Apple pomace is a byproduct of primary processing methods, such as juicing or canning. Its annual production is enormous, and it includes a small amount of residual pulp in addition to the core and peel. Apple pomace is rich in nutrients, containing not only conventional nutrients but also amino acids. Freshly squeezed apple pomace has a high water content, while dried apple pomace retains a complete amino acid profile and is rich in crude fiber. However, its high fiber content (nearly 20% crude fiber in dry matter) and anti-nutritional factors (such as pectin and tannins) limit its effectiveness as a direct feed component. Apple pomace requires processing as a feed component. While traditional microbial fermentation can partially improve the nutritional value of apple pomace, it suffers from long fermentation cycles and low degradation efficiency of fiber and anti-nutritional factors.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a functional fermented feed for monogastric animals, its preparation method and application, in order to solve the problems of long fermentation cycle and low degradation efficiency of fiber and anti-nutritional factors in traditional microbial fermentation when apple pomace is used as a feed component.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a method for preparing functional fermented feed for monogastric animals, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Apple pomace, corn, rice bran meal and wheat bran are mixed and crushed to obtain a mixture of fermentation raw materials;

[0009] (2) The fermentation raw material mixture obtained in step (1) is mixed with Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces kudrifolia and enzyme preparation, and the water content is adjusted to 35% to 45% to obtain the fermentation raw material;

[0010] (3) Ferment the raw materials for 5 to 7 days to obtain functional fermented feed for monogastric animals.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of apple pomace, corn, rice bran, and wheat bran mixed in step (1) is 55-65:15-25:10-15:5-10.

[0012] Preferably, the particle size of the pulverized material in step (1) is ≤2mm.

[0013] Preferably, the inoculum size when mixing *Lactobacillus plantarum* with the fermentation raw material mixture in step (2) is 4–15 × 10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / kg;

[0014] The inoculum size of the *Kudley yeast* mixed with the fermentation feed mixture is 5–20 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / kg.

[0015] Preferably, the enzyme preparation in step (2) is one or more of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes, exogenous digestive enzymes and phytases.

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the fermentation raw material mixture to the enzyme preparation in step (2) is 1000:0.2 to 0.6.

[0017] Preferably, the fermentation in step (3) is anaerobic fermentation, and the fermentation temperature is 25-30℃.

[0018] This invention provides a functional fermented feed for monogastric animals prepared by the aforementioned method.

[0019] This invention provides a feed for monogastric animals, which can be prepared by mixing a basal diet for monogastric animals with a functional fermented feed for monogastric animals at a mass ratio of 100:4 to 10.

[0020] The functional fermented feed for monogastric animals is either the functional fermented feed for monogastric animals prepared by the aforementioned preparation method or the functional fermented feed for monogastric animals described above.

[0021] Preferably, the monogastric animals include pigs and chickens.

[0022] The present invention has the following technical effects and advantages:

[0023] This invention provides a method for preparing functional fermented feed for monogastric animals. Through an innovative fermentation substrate formulation and utilizing a synergistic fermentation technology of bacteria and enzymes, the invention utilizes enzymes to hydrolyze fiber and anti-nutritional factors in the raw materials, while simultaneously using microbial fermentation to produce beneficial metabolites. The resulting product has a high level of dietary fiber, a suitable ratio of insoluble to soluble fiber, and contains beneficial microbial metabolites. It significantly alleviates constipation in monogastric animals, improves intestinal flora balance, and enhances intestinal health, ultimately demonstrating a significant improvement in the growth performance of monogastric animals (pigs and poultry). Detailed Implementation

[0024] This invention provides a method for preparing functional fermented feed for monogastric animals, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) Apple pomace, corn, rice bran meal and wheat bran are mixed and crushed to obtain a mixture of fermentation raw materials;

[0026] (2) The fermentation raw material mixture obtained in step (1) is mixed with Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces kudrifolia and enzyme preparation, and the water content is adjusted to 35% to 45% to obtain the fermentation raw material;

[0027] (3) Ferment the raw materials for 5 to 7 days to obtain a feed additive for monogastric animals;

[0028] The fermentation time is preferably 6 days;

[0029] The preferred moisture content is 40%.

[0030] In this invention, the mass ratio of apple pomace, corn, rice bran meal and wheat bran mixed in step (1) is 55-65:15-25:10-15:5-10, preferably 60:20:13:7.

[0031] In this invention, the particle size of the pulverized material in step (1) is ≤2mm.

[0032] In this invention, the inoculum size when mixing *Lactobacillus plantarum* with the fermentation raw material mixture in step (2) is 4–15 × 10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / kg, preferably 7~12×10 6 CFU / kg, further preferably 9×10 6 CFU / kg;

[0033] The preferred Lactobacillus plantarum is Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 16774;

[0034] The inoculum size of the *Kudley yeast* mixed with the fermentation feed mixture is 5–20 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / kg, preferably 10–15 × 10⁻⁶ 9 CFU / kg, further preferably 13×10 9 CFU / kg;

[0035] The preferred strain of *Saccharomyces kudrifolius* is *Saccharomyces kudrifolius* HZB228542.

[0036] In this invention, the enzyme preparation mentioned in step (2) is one or more of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes, exogenous digestive enzymes and phytases.

[0037] In this invention, the mass ratio of the fermentation raw material mixture to the enzyme preparation in step (2) is 1000:0.2 to 0.6, preferably 1000:0.4.

[0038] In this invention, the fermentation in step (3) is anaerobic fermentation, and the fermentation temperature is 25-30°C, preferably 28°C.

[0039] This invention provides a functional fermented feed for monogastric animals prepared by the aforementioned method.

[0040] This invention provides a feed for monogastric animals, which can be prepared by mixing a basal diet for monogastric animals with a functional fermented feed for monogastric animals at a mass ratio of 100:4 to 10.

[0041] The preferred mass ratio is 100:6;

[0042] The functional fermented feed for monogastric animals is either the functional fermented feed for monogastric animals prepared by the aforementioned preparation method or the functional fermented feed for monogastric animals described above.

[0043] The present invention provides feed for monogastric animals, including pigs and chickens.

[0044] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 16774 was provided by LACTOSAN GmbH & Co. KG. The preparation of the inoculum was as follows: Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 16774 was inoculated into MRS liquid medium and anaerobically cultured at 37°C for 24 hours to obtain a viable count of 10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / mL of Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 16774 bacterial suspension;

[0046] The *Kudley yeast* HZB228542 was provided by Wuhan Gray Algae Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The preparation method was as follows: *Kudley yeast* HZB228542 was inoculated into YPD liquid medium and cultured in a shaker at 28℃ for 48 hours to obtain a viable count of 102. 9 CFU / mL of Koudel's yeast HZB228542 bacterial suspension;

[0047] Preparation of enzyme preparation: Mix non-starch polysaccharide enzyme S-RC3900 (provided by Liaoning Huaxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) and lysozyme BJSW (provided by Shaanxi Linghang Boundary Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] A method for preparing a functional fermented feed for monogastric animals includes the following steps:

[0050] (1) Mix 60kg apple pomace, 20kg corn, 13kg rice bran and 7kg wheat bran and crush them to a particle size of 2mm to obtain 100kg of fermentation raw material mixture;

[0051] (2) The fermentation raw material mixture obtained in step (1) is mixed with 900 mL of Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 16774 bacterial solution, 1300 mL of Saccharomyces kudrifolia HZB228542 bacterial solution, and 0.04 kg of enzyme preparation, and the water content is adjusted to 40% to obtain the fermentation raw material.

[0052] (3) The fermentation raw materials were placed under anaerobic conditions at a temperature of 28°C for 6 days to obtain functional fermented feed for monogastric animals.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A method for preparing a functional fermented feed for monogastric animals includes the following steps:

[0055] (1) Mix 55kg apple pomace, 25kg corn, 10kg rice bran and 10kg wheat bran and grind them into a particle size of 2mm to obtain 100kg of fermentation raw material mixture;

[0056] (2) The fermentation raw material mixture obtained in step (1) is mixed with 1300 mL of Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 16774 bacterial solution, 900 mL of Saccharomyces kudrifolia HZB228542 bacterial solution and 0.02 kg of enzyme preparation, and the water content is adjusted to 45% to obtain the fermentation raw material.

[0057] (3) The fermentation raw materials were placed under anaerobic conditions at a temperature of 30°C for 5 days to obtain functional fermented feed for monogastric animals.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] A method for preparing a functional fermented feed for monogastric animals includes the following steps:

[0060] (1) Mix 65kg apple pomace, 20kg corn, 10kg rice bran and 5kg wheat bran and crush them to a particle size of 1mm to obtain 100kg of fermentation raw material mixture;

[0061] (2) The fermentation raw material mixture obtained in step (1) is mixed with 500 mL of Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 16774 bacterial solution, 1800 mL of Saccharomyces kudrifolia HZB228542 bacterial solution and 0.06 kg of enzyme preparation, and the water content is adjusted to 35% to obtain the fermentation raw material.

[0062] (3) The fermentation raw materials were placed under anaerobic conditions at a temperature of 30°C for 5 days to obtain functional fermented feed for monogastric animals.

[0063] Experimental Example 1

[0064] The fermentation and nutritional indicators of the functional fermented feed for monogastric animals in Example 1 were determined, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0065] Table 1. Fermentation and nutritional indicators of feed additives for monogastric animals

[0066] index Functional fermented feed for monogastric animals pH value 4.35 Crude protein (%) 14.05 Crude fat (%) 13.24 Crude fiber (%) 6.47 Neutral detergent fiber (%) 48 Acid detergent fibers (%) 31 Ash 4.5 Total acid 28.12

[0067] Ninety-six 40-day-old, well-condition weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups, with six replicates per group and four piglets per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, the composition of which is shown in Table 2. Groups I, II, and III were fed the basal diet supplemented with 4%, 6%, and 8% of the functional fermented feed for monogastric animals prepared in Example 1, respectively. The pigsties were kept clean and well-ventilated daily, and disinfected regularly. The weaned piglets had free access to feed and water. The formal experimental period was 35 days. During the experiment, the piglets' body weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were measured daily to compare the effects of different treatment groups on the growth performance of the weaned piglets. The results are shown in Table 3, where different superscript letters indicate significant differences.

[0068] Table 2 Components of Basal Diet

[0069] raw material content corn 53.50％ soybean meal 17.50％ fish meal 6.00％ whey powder 15.00％ Soybean oil 3.00％ premix 5.00％

[0070] Table 3. Effects of different treatment groups on growth performance of weaned piglets

[0071]

[0072] As shown in Table 3, with the increase of the proportion of functional fermented feed for monogastric animals in the diet, the average daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio of piglets showed a two-fold change trend (P<0.05), with the 6% addition group being the best.

[0073] The diarrhea rate of weaned piglets in different treatment groups was measured during days 1-21 and 22-35 of the experiment. The effects of different treatments on the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets were compared. The results are shown in Table 4. Different letters under the same label in the table indicate significant differences.

[0074] Table 4. Effects of different treatment groups on diarrhea rate in weaned piglets.

[0075]

[0076] As shown in Table 4, the diarrhea rate of pigs showed a two-fold change trend with the increase of the amount of functional fermented feed for monogastric animals added to the diet, regardless of whether it was in the early or late stage of the experiment (P≤0.016). The diarrhea rate was lowest when the amount added reached 6%.

[0077] Experimental Example 2

[0078] Two hundred and forty one-day-old chicks of similar weight were randomly divided into four groups, with six replicates per group and ten chicks per replicate. The experimental feeding period was 42 days. The control group was fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, the composition of which is shown in Table 5. The experimental groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 5%, 10%, and 15% functional fermented feed for monogastric animals, respectively. The average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of the chicks were measured to compare the effects of different treatments on the growth performance of the chicks. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0079] Table 5 Composition of Corn-Soybean Meal Basal Diet

[0080] raw material content corn 53.50％ soybean meal 31.50％ Secondary powder 5.00％ rice bran 4.00％ stone powder 1.65％ Calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.55％ soybean oil 1.50％ salt 0.30％ premix 1.00％

[0081] Table 6. Effects of different treatment groups on the growth performance of chicks

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] As shown in Table 6, when the amount of functional fermented feed added to monogastric animals was 5%, chicks achieved the optimal feed conversion ratio.

[0085] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for preparing functional fermented feed for monogastric animals, including the following steps: (1) mixing and crushing apple pomace, corn, rice bran meal, and wheat bran to obtain a fermentation raw material mixture; (2) mixing the fermentation raw material mixture obtained in step (1) with Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces kudrifolia, and enzyme preparations, and adjusting the moisture content to 35% to 45% to obtain fermentation raw materials; (3) fermenting the fermentation raw materials for 5 to 7 days to obtain functional fermented feed for monogastric animals. The present invention innovates the fermentation substrate formula and utilizes the synergistic fermentation technology of bacteria and enzymes. On the one hand, it utilizes enzyme preparations to hydrolyze the fiber and anti-nutritional factors in the raw materials; on the other hand, it utilizes microbial fermentation to produce beneficial metabolites. The resulting functional fermented feed for monogastric animals has a high level of dietary fiber, a suitable ratio of insoluble to soluble fiber, and contains beneficial microbial metabolites. It has a significant effect on relieving constipation in monogastric animals, improving the balance of intestinal flora, and improving the intestinal health of animals, ultimately demonstrating a significant improvement effect on the growth performance of monogastric animals (pigs and poultry).

[0086] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing functional fermented feed for monogastric animals, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Apple pomace, corn, rice bran meal and wheat bran are mixed and crushed to obtain a mixture of fermentation raw materials; (2) The fermentation raw material mixture obtained in step (1) is mixed with Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces kudrifolia and enzyme preparation, and the water content is adjusted to 35% to 45% to obtain the fermentation raw material; (3) Ferment the raw materials for 5 to 7 days to obtain functional fermented feed for monogastric animals.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of apple pomace, corn, rice bran, and wheat bran mixed in step (1) is 55-65:15-25:10-15:5-10.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the pulverized material in step (1) is ≤2mm.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inoculum size for mixing Lactobacillus plantarum with the fermentation raw material mixture in step (2) is 4–15 × 10⁻⁶. 6 CFU / kg; The inoculum size of the *Kudley yeast* mixed with the fermentation feed mixture is 5–20 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / kg.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The enzyme preparation mentioned in step (2) is one or more of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes, exogenous digestive enzymes, and phytases.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the mass ratio of the fermentation raw material mixture to the enzyme preparation is 1000:0.2 to 0.

6.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation described in step (3) is anaerobic fermentation, and the fermentation temperature is 25-30℃.

8. Functional fermented feed for monogastric animals prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A feed for monogastric animals, characterized in that, Simply mix the basal diet of monogastric animals with functional fermented feed for monogastric animals at a mass ratio of 100:4 to 10. The functional fermented feed for monogastric animals is the functional fermented feed for monogastric animals prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 to 7, or the functional fermented feed for monogastric animals described in claim 8.

10. The feed for monogastric animals according to claim 9, characterized in that, The monogastric animals include pigs and chickens.

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