Fresh azolla filliculoidas leaf fermented feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed production, in particular to an azolla filliculoidas fresh leaf fermented feed which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of azolla filliculoidas silage sections, 20 parts of a composite carrier matrix, 5 parts of a natural anti-caking and toxin adsorbent, 7 parts of functional liquid, 10 parts of an energy and flavor synergist and 2 parts of zymophyte. Functional liquid is converted into chitosan oligosaccharide through ultrasonic treatment, and long-chain chitosan is broken into high-solubility chitosan oligosaccharide; through cold plasma activation, an active functional group is grafted on the surface of a chitosan oligosaccharide molecule to form a nanoscale compact protective film; the protective film can inhibit pollution of aerobic mould and saccharomycetes after unsealing, prolong the shelf life of the feed, reduce loss of volatile fatty acids and flavor substances generated by fermentation, and maintain the nutritional value and palatability of the feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed production technology, specifically to a fermented feed made from fresh leaves of leafy grass and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of the livestock industry, the demand for feed has been continuously increasing. At the same time, due to the scarcity of traditional feed resources and price fluctuations, researching and developing new feeds has become an important issue for the industry. Rumex acetosa, also known as protein grass, amino acid grass, high-vitamin vegetable, and high-potassium vegetable, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Rumex of the Polygonaceae family. It is a plant used for both medicinal and edible purposes. Because of its long growing season, it can be harvested continuously for more than 10 years after a single sowing. In southern my country, it can be harvested year-round, while in northern China, it can be harvested three times a year (spring, summer, and autumn), averaging one harvest per month per growth cycle. In addition, Rumex acetosa has a robust root system that can reach a depth of about 1 meter. Furthermore, it is a hybrid improved variety introduced to my country, therefore its adaptability is particularly strong, exhibiting drought resistance, flood tolerance, alkali tolerance, and tolerance to poor soil conditions. It can efficiently utilize deep soil moisture, can grow even in areas with very little rainfall, and is not limited by external environmental conditions such as mountains or fields. Therefore, it can be widely planted and promoted in most parts of my country. Leafy grass is a water-loving plant; its growth rate and quality improve with sufficient water. Researchers have investigated the maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity, and teratogenicity of leafy grass on rats. The results showed no maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity, or teratogenicity in rats at different dosage groups, thus verifying the safety of leafy grass for consumption.

[0003] Therefore, leafy grass, as a type of forage with high nutritional value, is widely used in animal husbandry, especially in feed formulations for cattle, sheep, and other herbivores, due to its rich nutrients, good fermentation properties, and unique growth characteristics and nutritional value.

[0004] However, existing leafy grass feeds typically use fresh leafy grass as the raw material for fermentation. The moisture content, nutrient composition, and microbial composition of these leaves fluctuate significantly. Without rigorous screening or pretreatment, the fermentation process becomes unstable, leading to inconsistent feed composition, inconsistent flavor, and nutrient loss. Furthermore, when fermented leafy grass feed is used in farms, it is usually stored in feed troughs. Due to improper moisture control during fermentation, the feed easily absorbs moisture and clumps, affecting feeding efficiency. Clumped feed is difficult to distribute evenly, and animals may only consume a portion, resulting in uneven feed intake. This negatively impacts animal feeding behavior, nutrient intake, health, and growth performance.

[0005] Therefore, a fermented feed made from fresh leaves of edible grass and its preparation method are proposed to solve the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical problems to be solved

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a fermented feed of fresh leaves of edible grass and its preparation method, which can effectively solve the problems of rancidity, storage clumping and secondary pollution caused by moisture fluctuations in the fermented feed of edible grass in the existing technology.

[0008] Technical solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] This invention provides a fermented feed of fresh edible grass leaves, comprising the following components by weight: 70 parts of edible grass silage, 20 parts of composite carrier matrix, 5 parts of natural anti-caking and toxin adsorbent, 7 parts of functional liquid, 10 parts of energy and flavor enhancer, and 2 parts of fermentation bacteria.

[0011] Furthermore, the composite carrier matrix is ​​a mixture of 65% corn cob powder and 5% rice bran;

[0012] Montmorillonite is a natural anti-caking and toxin-absorbing agent.

[0013] The functional liquid is a mixture of 80% water, 10% lactic acid, and 10% chitosan powder;

[0014] A chitosan oligosaccharide solution composed of 50% honey, 30% yeast powder, and 20% citric acid residue was prepared as the energy and flavor enhancer.

[0015] The fermentation bacteria are Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis.

[0016] Furthermore, the method for preparing the chitosan oligosaccharide solution includes:

[0017] Chitosan powder is dissolved in an aqueous solution containing lactic acid, and the molecular chains are broken by ultrasonic treatment to form chitosan oligosaccharides. The chitosan oligosaccharide solution is then activated by cold plasma under an inert gas atmosphere to graft active functional groups and form a nanoscale protective film.

[0018] Furthermore, the cold plasma activation conditions are: argon or nitrogen atmosphere, glow discharge voltage of 5-10kV, and processing time of 10-15 minutes.

[0019] Furthermore, the activation method of the fermentation bacteria is as follows:

[0020] Mix the fermentation bacteria with 10 times the amount of 35°C warm water and 50% of the honey from the energy and flavor enhancer, let stand and activate for 1 hour until microbubbles are produced; add the remaining energy and flavor enhancer to form an activated compound functional fermentation agent.

[0021] A method for preparing fermented feed from fresh leaves of leafy grass includes the following steps:

[0022] S1. Spread out the fresh leaves of the edible grass to dry until the moisture content is 75%-80%, then cut them into sections;

[0023] S2. A composite functional dry material is prepared by mixing a composite carrier matrix, a natural anti-caking agent, a toxin adsorbent, and a functional liquid;

[0024] S3. Activate the fermentation bacteria and mix them with energy and flavor enhancers to form an activated compound functional fermentation agent;

[0025] S4. Mix the leafy grass silage, compound functional dry material and activated compound functional fermentation agent until the moisture content is 60%.

[0026] S5. After sealing, ferment at 30℃ for 30 days.

[0027] Furthermore, the length of the fresh leaf segments of the edible grass in S1 is 2-3 cm.

[0028] Furthermore, the mixing time in S4 is 15 minutes.

[0029] Beneficial effects

[0030] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0031] This invention uses a composite carrier matrix (corn cob powder + rice bran) to strongly absorb excess juice, stabilizing the initial moisture content at 60%-65%, effectively preventing the raw materials from becoming rancid, avoiding excessive microbial growth and rancidity caused by excessive moisture, and creating a stable humidity environment for the fermentation process.

[0032] The addition of montmorillonite, a natural anti-caking and toxin-absorbing agent, utilizes its nano-layered structure to absorb moisture from the surface of feed pellets, preventing pellet adhesion and significantly reducing the clumping rate of feed during storage and use.

[0033] In particular, functional liquids are converted into chitosan oligosaccharides through ultrasonic treatment, breaking down long-chain chitosan into highly soluble chitosan oligosaccharides; after cold plasma activation, active functional groups are grafted onto the surface of chitosan oligosaccharide molecules to form a nano-scale dense protective film; the protective film can inhibit the contamination of aerobic molds and yeasts after opening, extend the shelf life of feed, reduce the loss of volatile fatty acids and flavor substances produced by fermentation, and maintain the nutritional value and palatability of feed.

[0034] In summary, the solution, through a combination of precise moisture control, anti-caking and antibacterial technologies, and efficient fermentation, not only solves the problems of moisture content fluctuation, clumping, and secondary pollution in existing fermented leafy grass feed, but also significantly improves animal growth performance through nutritional optimization, demonstrating both technological innovation and practical application value. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0037] Example 1:

[0038] A fermented feed made from fresh leaves of leafy grass, the preparation method of which includes the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Prepare short segments with reduced moisture content from fresh edible leaves; specifically:

[0040] S101: Select fresh, clean, disease-free, pest-free, and rot-free edible grass leaves, and spread them out in a ventilated, shady place to dry for 1-2 hours, allowing the surface moisture and some intercellular water to evaporate naturally, reducing the moisture content to about 75%-80%; thereby stabilizing the initial moisture content of the edible grass leaves.

[0041] S102: Use a chaff cutter to cut the spread-out leafy grass into 2-3cm silage pieces to increase the surface area of ​​the raw materials, which is conducive to uniform mixing and microbial contact and fermentation.

[0042] Step 2: By weight, take 10-20 parts of composite carrier matrix, 2-5 parts of natural anti-caking and toxin adsorbent, and 3-7 parts of functional liquid; stir the mixed raw materials at low speed for 5 minutes to prepare composite functional dry material for later use.

[0043] The composite carrier matrix consists of a mixture of 65% corn cob powder and 5% rice bran, used for moisture control and structural stability of fermented feed. Corn cob powder has extremely strong physical water absorption, which can quickly absorb excess juice from fresh leaves of leafy grass, precisely controlling the initial moisture content of the fermentation system within the ideal range and preventing rancidity caused by excessive moisture. Its porous structure can also increase the fluffiness of the feed. Rice bran not only absorbs water, but more importantly, it is rich in B vitamins and a small amount of oil, providing essential nutrients and energy for microorganisms in the early stage of fermentation and promoting the rapid establishment of dominant bacterial communities.

[0044] Montmorillonite is a natural, nanoscale layered silicate mineral, usually derived from bentonite. It has two very important and unique functions: a highly efficient natural anti-caking agent and a broad-spectrum mycotoxin adsorbent. It perfectly solves two major problems in the storage and use of feed: physical clumping and biological mold contamination.

[0045] The functional liquid is composed of 80% water, 10% lactic acid, and 10% chitosan powder. Its unique function is to form an ultra-thin, breathable, and antibacterial bioprotective film on the surface of feed pellets during the later stages of fermentation and the finished product stage. This protective film can significantly inhibit secondary contamination by aerobic molds and yeasts after opening, greatly extending the shelf life and use period of the feed. It can also effectively reduce the loss of beneficial volatile fatty acids and flavor substances produced during fermentation.

[0046] It should be noted that the preparation process of functional liquids is as follows:

[0047] After dissolving lactic acid in warm water, an ultrasonic generator is activated and applied to the mixture. Under continuous ultrasonic action, chitosan powder is slowly sprinkled into the solution. The powerful cavitation bubble collapse effect generated by the ultrasonic waves produces local high pressure and high-speed microjets, which break down the originally long-chain, difficult-to-dissolve chitosan molecules into shorter, more soluble, and more bioactive chitosan oligosaccharides. This instantly disperses the aggregates at the microscopic level of the solution, forming an extremely uniform and stable nanoscale colloidal solution. The treatment continues for 20-30 minutes until a clear, transparent, low-viscosity solution, i.e., a chitosan oligosaccharide solution, is formed.

[0048] The chitosan oligosaccharide solution is pumped into a cold plasma reactor, and a high-voltage AC power supply is turned on to generate a low-temperature, large-area glow discharge (i.e., cold plasma) in an inert gas atmosphere (such as argon or nitrogen). The cold plasma is filled with high-energy electrons, ions, and active free radicals. These particles bombard the flowing chitosan oligosaccharide molecules, grafting a large number of active functional groups onto their surfaces. This makes the originally relatively inert molecular chains extremely reactive. At the same time, the strong oxidizing properties and high-energy particles of the cold plasma can instantly kill any residual microorganisms in the chitosan oligosaccharide solution, resulting in a sterile, highly active biofunctional liquid, creating the purest environment for the subsequent inoculation of probiotics.

[0049] Step 3: Take 5-10 parts of the energy and flavor enhancer, which is composed of 50% honey, 30% yeast powder and 20% citric acid residue, to promote the fermentation process of the fermented feed and improve palatability; set half of the honey aside.

[0050] Among them, honey provides a rapidly available carbon source for functional fermentation agents (especially lactic acid bacteria), ensuring the rapid generation of lactic acid, while its sweetness can significantly improve the palatability of feed; yeast powder is rich in a variety of amino acids, B vitamins and unknown growth factors, and is not only a high-quality nutritional supplement, but its unique aroma has a strong appetite-stimulating effect on herbivores such as cattle and sheep; citric acid residue has a slightly sour taste, which can optimize the flavor of feed, and it contains unutilized organic acids and sugars, which can be used as a supplementary carbon source for fermentation and have a certain preservative effect;

[0051] Step 4: Take 1-2 portions of fermentation bacteria, add 10 times the amount of 35℃ warm water, then add half of the honey separately set aside from the energy and flavor enhancer, gently stir to dissolve, and let stand to activate for 1 hour; when tiny bubbles appear on the surface of the bacterial solution, it indicates that the bacteria have been activated; then add all the energy and flavor enhancer obtained in Step 3 and mix to obtain the activated compound functional fermentation agent, for later use;

[0052] The fermentation bacteria are Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis. They are used to quickly acidify the bacteria to ensure successful fermentation, and then to deeply degrade nutrients and endow the finished product with the dual functions of long-term stability and animal health benefits. In the early stage of fermentation, Lactobacillus plantarum takes the lead. It uses abundant sugar and an anaerobic environment to produce acid at full capacity and quickly establish an acid barrier to ensure that the fermentation does not go astray, laying the foundation for the success of the entire process. In the middle and late stages of fermentation, Bacillus subtilis takes over. At this time, the environment has stabilized, other bacteria have been eliminated, and the acid-resistant Bacillus subtilis begins to multiply and work in large quantities to carry out refined deep processing of nutrients and produce biological preservatives. At the same time, it transforms itself into an internal probiotic that can be used by animals.

[0053] Step 5: Prepare fermented feed ingredients with a moisture content of 60%-65% using pre-prepared raw materials. Specifically:

[0054] S501: Take 60-70 portions of the leafy grass silage obtained in step one and put them into a large horizontal feed mixer for mixing.

[0055] S502: During the mixing process, the pre-prepared composite functional dry material from step two is evenly sprinkled in; the corn cob powder and rice bran will begin to absorb the juice during this process;

[0056] S503: Simultaneously, the activated compound functional fermentation agent is evenly sprayed onto the material being stirred.

[0057] S504: Continue stirring for 10-15 minutes to ensure that all materials have uniform color and moisture content, with no obvious dry or wet lumps, to obtain fermented feed raw materials with a moisture content of 60%-65%.

[0058] Step Six: Transfer the fermented feed raw materials prepared in Step Four to a fermentation tank and ferment them in an environment of 20-35℃ for 21-30 days; thus obtaining fermented feed of fresh edible grass leaves.

[0059] Example 2:

[0060] A fermented feed made from fresh leaves of leafy grass, the preparation method of which includes the following steps:

[0061] Step 1: Prepare 60 portions of fresh edible grass leaves into edible grass silage.

[0062] Step 2: By weight, take 10 parts of composite carrier matrix, 2 parts of natural anti-caking and toxin adsorbent and 3 parts of functional liquid to make composite functional dry material, and add it to the leafy grass silage section for mixing.

[0063] Step 3: Take 5 parts of energy and flavor enhancer and 1 part of fermentation bacteria to make an activated compound functional fermentation agent, spray it into the mixed material, stir for 10 minutes, and obtain fermented feed raw materials.

[0064] Step 5: Transfer the fermented feed ingredients to a fermentation tank and ferment them at 20°C for 21 days; this yields fermented feed made from fresh edible grass leaves.

[0065] Example 3:

[0066] A fermented feed made from fresh leaves of leafy grass, the preparation method of which includes the following steps:

[0067] Step 1: Prepare 60 portions of fresh edible grass leaves into edible grass silage.

[0068] Step 2: By weight, take 10 parts of composite carrier matrix, 2 parts of natural anti-caking and toxin adsorbent and 3 parts of functional liquid to make composite functional dry material, and add it to the leafy grass silage section for mixing.

[0069] Step 3: Take 5 parts of energy and flavor enhancer and 1 part of fermentation bacteria to make an activated compound functional fermentation agent, spray it into the mixed material, stir for 15 minutes, and obtain fermented feed raw materials.

[0070] Step 5: Transfer the fermented feed ingredients to a fermentation tank and ferment them at 30°C for 30 days; this yields fermented feed made from fresh edible grass leaves.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] A fermented feed made from fresh leaves of leafy grass, the preparation method of which includes the following steps:

[0073] Step 1: Prepare 65 portions of fresh edible grass leaves into edible grass silage.

[0074] Step 2: By weight, take 15 parts of composite carrier matrix, 3 parts of natural anti-caking and toxin adsorbent and 5 parts of functional liquid to make composite functional dry material, and add it to the silage section of leafy grass for mixing.

[0075] Step 3: Take 7 parts of energy and flavor enhancer and 1 part of fermentation bacteria to make an activated compound functional fermentation agent, spray it into the mixed material, stir for 15 minutes, and obtain fermented feed raw materials.

[0076] Step 5: Transfer the fermented feed ingredients to a fermentation tank and ferment them at 30°C for 30 days; this yields fermented feed made from fresh edible grass leaves.

[0077] Example 5:

[0078] A fermented feed made from fresh leaves of leafy grass, the preparation method of which includes the following steps:

[0079] Step 1: Prepare 70 portions of fresh edible grass leaves into edible grass silage.

[0080] Step 2: By weight, take 20 parts of composite carrier matrix, 5 parts of natural anti-caking and toxin adsorbent and 7 parts of functional liquid to make composite functional dry material, and add it to the leafy grass silage section for mixing.

[0081] Step 3: Take 10 parts of energy and flavor enhancer and 2 parts of fermentation bacteria to make an activated compound functional fermentation agent, spray it into the mixed material, stir for 15 minutes, and obtain fermented feed raw materials.

[0082] Step 5: Transfer the fermented feed ingredients to a fermentation tank and ferment them at 30°C for 30 days; this yields fermented feed made from fresh edible grass leaves.

[0083] Comparative Example 1:

[0084] Similar to Example 5, except that no functional liquid is added in step 3, while everything else remains the same.

[0085] Comparative Example 2:

[0086] Similar to Example 5, the difference is that in the preparation of the composite functional dry material in step 2, the functional liquid is not subjected to ultrasonic treatment and surface chemical activation, while the rest remains the same.

[0087] Comparative Example 3:

[0088] Similar to Example 5, the difference is that in the preparation of the composite functional dry material in step 2, the chitosan oligosaccharide solution is not surface chemically activated, while the rest remains the same.

[0089] Experiment 1

[0090] Several breeds of pigs with similar weight and physiological condition were randomly selected and randomly divided into several groups. The fermented fresh leaf feed prepared in Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was used as pig feed for 35 days. The feeding amount and daily management methods were the same. Pigs fed with regular feed served as the control group. The results were observed, recorded, and compared, as shown in Table 1 below:

[0091] Group Initial weight Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 Day 28 Day 35 Total weight gain Daily weight gain control group 20.0kg 22.8kg 24.3kg 25.9kg 27.6kg 29.4kg 9.40kg 268g Example 2 20.2kg 23.3kg 25kg 26.8kg 29.4kg 30.7kg 10.5kg 300g Example 3 20.1kg 23.7kg 25.6kg 27.4kg 30kg 32.1kg 12.0kg 342g Example 4 20.0kg 24.1kg 26.9kg 28.3kg 30.7kg 32.9kg 12.9kg 368g Example 5 20.1kg 24.3kg 27.1kg 29.8kg 32.3kg 34.9kg 14.8kg 422g Comparative Example 1 19.9kg 23.1kg 24.5kg 26.3kg 28.1kg 29.9kg 10.0kg 285g Comparative Example 2 20.1kg 23.5kg 25.3kg 27.1kg 29.7kg 31.8kg 11.7kg 334g Comparative Example 3 20.2kg 23.9kg 26.1kg 27.7kg 30.1kg 32.4kg 12.2kg 348g

[0092] Based on the results in Table 1, we can conclude that:

[0093] The optimal group was Example 5, whose pig breeds exhibited the greatest weight gain during the trial period. Compared to Examples 2 to 4, Example 5 featured the highest proportion of leafy greens, a complete functional liquid processing flow, and thorough fermentation, maximizing nutrient retention. Therefore, the high proportion of leafy greens provided more prebiotic substrate (cellulose / B vitamins), promoting gut microbiota growth. Example 5 achieved an average daily weight gain of 423g, 58% higher than the control group, validating the optimal formulation ratio.

[0094] Compared to Examples 2 and 3, the pigs in Example 3 gained 1.5 kg more weight than the pigs in Example 2. This is because the low temperature and short fermentation time resulted in insufficient fermentation and incomplete degradation of anti-nutritional factors by lactic acid bacteria. The fully fermented group had a lower pH (measured <4.2), which effectively improved protein digestibility.

[0095] Compared to Comparative Example 1 and Example 5, the pigs in Comparative Example 1, lacking functional liquid, showed the lowest weight gain during the trial period, at only 10 kg, while Example 5 showed a 32.4% lower gain. This was because the absence of the chitosan oligosaccharide protective film caused the feed to absorb moisture and clump together, leading to secondary contamination by aerobic bacteria, which in turn resulted in decreased feed intake and reduced feed conversion ratio in the pigs.

[0096] Compared to Comparative Example 2 and Example 5, the chitosan in this example was not fully converted into chitosan oligosaccharide due to the lack of ultrasonic treatment, resulting in a weight gain of 11.7 kg, which is 21% lower than that in Example 5. The reason is that the untreated chitosan has poor solubility, leading to uneven film formation; and its large molecular weight results in antibacterial activity that is only one-fifth that of chitosan oligosaccharide, greatly shortening the shelf life of the feed.

[0097] Compared to Comparative Example 3 and Example 5, the lack of cold plasma activation treatment led to the failure of the antibacterial film, resulting in a weight gain of 12.2 kg, which is 17.5% lower than that of Example 5. The reason is that the unactivated chitosan oligosaccharide functional groups have insufficient activity, resulting in a decrease in the antibacterial rate; and the inability to form nanoscale colloids caused an increase in membrane porosity, leading to a loss rate of volatile fatty acids and a reduction in flavor substances.

[0098] Experiment 2

[0099] Fermented fresh leaf feeds of edible grasses prepared in Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were selected. The initial weight of each sample was recorded. The samples were then placed in a constant temperature and humidity environment (temperature 25℃, humidity 80%, mimicking a farm environment) and weighed at 0h, 12h, 24h, and 36h. The water absorption rate and clumping rate of each sample were calculated, and the results were recorded and compared in Table 2.

[0100]

[0101] Based on the results in Table 2, we can conclude that:

[0102] The optimal group was Example 5, which showed a 36-hour agglomeration rate of only 43.4% compared to Examples 2 to 4, significantly lower than other examples. With the increase in the proportion of formulation components and the improvement of functional components, the moisture absorption and agglomeration performance gradually improved. In the composite carrier matrix, corn cob powder strongly absorbs excess moisture, while rice bran provides B vitamins to stabilize the fermentation system. Ultrasonic treatment converts chitosan into highly soluble, more antibacterial chitosan oligosaccharides; after cold plasma activation treatment, active functional groups are grafted onto the chitosan oligosaccharide molecules, forming a nanoscale dense protective film that effectively inhibits secondary pollution and reduces moisture penetration.

[0103] Comparative Example 1, lacking functional liquid, exhibited a clumping rate as high as 63.2% after 36 hours. Due to the absence of a chitosan oligosaccharide protective film, the feed was directly exposed to a high-humidity environment: rapid moisture penetration caused pellet expansion and adhesion, further accelerating clumping. Furthermore, the lack of an antibacterial film protection led to secondary mold contamination, further promoting clumping.

[0104] Comparative Example 2, lacking ultrasonic treatment, showed a clumping rate of 55.7% after 36 hours. This is because the untreated chitosan molecules have long chains and poor solubility, leading to uneven film formation, high porosity, and easy water penetration. Furthermore, its antibacterial activity is only 20% of that of chitosan oligosaccharide, resulting in ineffective antifungal treatment and accelerated clumping.

[0105] Comparative example: cold plasma activation with three defects resulted in an agglomeration rate of 49.3% after 36 hours. The lack of activation of chitosan oligosaccharides led to insufficient functional group activity, resulting in an incomplete nanocolloid structure and increased membrane porosity.

[0106] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermented feed made from fresh leaves of leafy grass, characterized in that, The product comprises the following components by weight: 70 parts leafy grass silage, 20 parts composite carrier matrix, 5 parts natural anti-caking and toxin adsorbent, 7 parts functional liquid, 10 parts energy and flavor enhancer, and 2 parts fermentation bacteria.

2. The fermented feed made from fresh leaves of edible grass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite carrier matrix is ​​a mixture of 65% corn cob powder and 5% rice bran; Montmorillonite is a natural anti-caking and toxin-absorbing agent. The functional liquid is a mixture of 80% water, 10% lactic acid, and 10% chitosan powder; A chitosan oligosaccharide solution composed of 50% honey, 30% yeast powder, and 20% citric acid residue was prepared as the energy and flavor enhancer. The fermentation bacteria are Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis.

3. The fermented feed made from fresh leaves of edible grass according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for preparing the chitosan oligosaccharide solution includes: Chitosan powder is dissolved in an aqueous solution containing lactic acid, and the molecular chains are broken by ultrasonic treatment to form chitosan oligosaccharides. The chitosan oligosaccharide solution is then activated by cold plasma under an inert gas atmosphere to graft active functional groups and form a nanoscale protective film.

4. The fermented feed made from fresh leaves of edible grass according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cold plasma activation conditions are: argon or nitrogen atmosphere, glow discharge voltage of 5-10kV, and processing time of 10-15 minutes.

5. The fermented feed made from fresh leaves of edible grass according to claim 3, characterized in that, The activation method of the fermentation bacteria is as follows: Mix the fermentation bacteria with 10 times the amount of 35°C warm water and 50% of the honey from the energy and flavor enhancer, let stand and activate for 1 hour until microbubbles are produced; add the remaining energy and flavor enhancer to form an activated compound functional fermentation agent.

6. A method for preparing fermented feed from fresh edible grass leaves according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Spread out the fresh leaves of the edible grass to dry until the moisture content is 75%-80%, then cut them into sections; S2. A composite functional dry material is prepared by mixing a composite carrier matrix, a natural anti-caking agent, a toxin adsorbent, and a functional liquid; S3. Activate the fermentation bacteria and mix them with energy and flavor enhancers to form an activated compound functional fermentation agent; S4. Mix the leafy grass silage, compound functional dry material and activated compound functional fermentation agent until the moisture content is 60%. S5. After sealing, ferment at 30℃ for 30 days.

7. The method for preparing fermented feed from fresh edible grass leaves according to claim 6, characterized in that, The length of the fresh leaf segments of the edible grass in S1 is 2-3 cm.

8. The method for preparing fermented feed from fresh edible grass leaves according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mixing time in S4 is 15 minutes.

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