Cornus officinalis kernel-containing sheep feed additive as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a cornus officinalis kernel-containing sheep feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof in the field of feed additives. The sheep feed additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of cornus officinalis kernel powder, 68-78% of a carrier and 2% of an antioxidant. Performing ultrasonic cleaning, gradient drying, superfine grinding, mixing and the like to prepare the sheep feed additive containing the dogwood kernel powder, and finally adding the sheep feed additive containing the dogwood kernel powder into sheep daily ration according to the proportion of 0.5%-2%. The cornus officinalis kernels are scientifically added into the sheep feed, so that the contents of protein and unsaturated fatty acid in mutton can be remarkably increased, the tenderness of the mutton and the content of mutton smell substances are increased, meanwhile, the cornus officinalis kernels are efficiently recycled, the breeding cost is reduced, and the sustainable development of the livestock breeding industry is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed additives, specifically relating to a sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis kernels, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Lamb, as an indispensable part of people's daily diet, is playing an increasingly prominent role. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of consumers' health awareness, the requirements for food quality and nutrition have become more stringent. How to improve the quality of lamb has become a core research topic in the livestock breeding field. Sheep, as the mainstream meat sheep breed, have lamb quality determined by a combination of factors, including breed characteristics, feeding management methods, and feed composition. Although various methods exist for improving lamb quality, these methods generally suffer from high costs, unsatisfactory results, or potential negative impacts on the ecological environment. Therefore, an innovative and groundbreaking method for improving lamb quality is urgently needed.

[0003] Cornus officinalis, a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history, boasts fruits rich in various medicinal components and possesses extremely high medicinal value. During the processing of Cornus officinalis, the fruit pits are often discarded. However, research data shows that the pits account for one-third of the fruit's weight and contain a variety of nutrients: 4.61% protein, 8.56% fat, 20.33% sugar, 2.23% ash, 51.62% crude fiber, and 21 kinds of minerals. Currently, only the pulp of the Cornus officinalis is used medicinally, while the pits are almost always discarded, representing a significant waste of resources. Meanwhile, recent research has gradually revealed that Cornus officinalis pits contain various bioactive components such as flavonoids and phenols. These components possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, opening up new possibilities for their application in animal husbandry.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis kernels, its preparation method and application, which not only realizes the efficient utilization of Cornus officinalis kernels as a resource and reduces breeding costs, but also improves the quality of mutton and promotes the sustainable development of the livestock breeding industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis kernels, its preparation method and application. By scientifically adding Cornus officinalis kernel-related components to sheep feed, the nutritional value, flavor, and tenderness of mutton are comprehensively improved.

[0006] Based on one of the aforementioned objectives, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis fruit kernels, the raw material components and their mass content are as follows: 20%-30% Cornus officinalis fruit kernel powder, 68%-78% carrier, and 2% antioxidant.

[0008] Furthermore, the carrier includes corn starch or wheat bran.

[0009] Furthermore, the antioxidant used is a 5% vitamin E ethanol solution.

[0010] Based on the second objective mentioned above, this invention proposes a method for preparing a sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis fruit kernels, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Pretreatment of Cornus officinalis fruit kernels:

[0012] 1) Cleaning and removing impurities: Soak the kernels of Cornus officinalis in 40℃ warm water for 30 minutes, and then use ultrasonic cleaning to remove residual pulp and impurities.

[0013] 2) Gradient drying: Place the cleaned Cornus officinalis kernels in a 50℃ environment to dry for 4 hours, and then raise the temperature to 60℃ to dry until the moisture content is ≤8%.

[0014] 3) Ultrafine grinding: The dried Cornus officinalis kernels from step 2) are processed using an air jet mill to obtain Cornus officinalis kernel powder with a particle size of 60-80 mesh (D50 = 150 μm), so that they can be evenly dispersed and added to feed later.

[0015] Step 2, Mixing: The Cornus officinalis kernel powder obtained in Step 1 is put into a three-dimensional motion mixer and mixed thoroughly. Then, a 5% vitamin E ethanol solution is added for spray encapsulation. After drying, it is sealed and stored to obtain the sheep feed additive.

[0016] Furthermore, the ultrasonic cleaning described in step one is set to a frequency of 40kHz and a power of 200W.

[0017] Furthermore, the rotational speed of the three-dimensional motion mixer described in step two is set to 20 r / min, and the mixing time is 30 min.

[0018] Based on the third objective of the invention mentioned above, the present invention also proposes an application of a sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis fruit kernels: according to actual conditions, under standard breeding management conditions, this sheep feed additive is precisely added to the daily feed of sheep and other meat sheep in a certain proportion, and fed regularly to improve the quality of mutton.

[0019] Furthermore, the standard breeding and management conditions are as follows: During the breeding process of adding sheep feed additives containing Cornus officinalis kernels, it is necessary to carefully maintain the cleanliness and hygiene of the sheepfold, regularly carry out ventilation operations, and stably control the breeding environment at a temperature of 15-25℃, a relative humidity of 50%-70%, and an ammonia concentration of <10ppm; rationally plan the stocking density of sheep to ensure that each sheep has an activity space of ≥1.5㎡ and an exercise time of ≥4h / d; strictly follow the established time for feeding and providing drinking water every day to fully ensure that the sheep have sufficient feed and water.

[0020] Furthermore, the actual situation described above assumes that the basic feed for sheep and other meat sheep is nutritionally comprehensive and balanced, fully meeting their various growth and development needs. However, the dosage should be flexibly and rationally adjusted based on the growth stage and weight of the sheep. For example, for sheep in the early fattening stage (30-50kg), the dosage should be controlled at 0.5%-1%; while for sheep in the late fattening stage (over 50kg), the dosage should be adjusted to 1%-2%.

[0021] Furthermore, the dry weight of the sheep feed additive is 0.5%-2% of the daily feed.

[0022] Furthermore, the composition and mass content of the daily feed are as follows: 55% corn, 20% soybean meal, 15% wheat bran, and 10% premix, wherein the premix is ​​Hualuo No. 1 PV998, a vitamin premix for livestock and poultry produced by China Animal Husbandry Agricultural Chain Development Co., Ltd.

[0023] Furthermore, the aforementioned timed feeding refers to feeding twice daily.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) Improving the nutritional quality of mutton: By adding Cornus officinalis kernels to the feed, the protein content of mutton can be increased by 3%-5%, while the content of unsaturated fatty acids increases by 10%-15%, especially the content of oleic acid and linoleic acid, which are extremely beneficial to human health. This greatly enhances the nutritional value of mutton and better meets consumers' pursuit of healthy food.

[0026] (2) Enhanced mutton flavor: Sheep raised using the method of this invention exhibit a 60%-65% reduction in the content of 4-methyloctanoic acid, a key substance responsible for the mutton's gamey odor, resulting in a significant reduction in the gamey smell and the addition of a unique, refreshing aroma. This is mainly due to the positive influence of the active ingredients in the kernel of Cornus officinalis on the formation and metabolic pathways of mutton flavor substances during the sheep's metabolism, leading to a significant increase in the content of aromatic volatile compounds such as esters and aldehydes.

[0027] (3) Improve the tenderness of mutton: The method of this invention can reduce the shear force value of mutton by 15%-20% and the diameter of muscle fibers by 12%-14%, thus significantly improving the tenderness of mutton. This is because the components in the kernel of Cornus officinalis effectively promote the deposition and rational distribution of fat in sheep muscles, optimize the structure of muscle fibers, and make them more delicate and tender.

[0028] (4) Achieving resource utilization and cost reduction: The previously discarded Cornus officinalis fruit kernels have been successfully developed into feed additives, replacing a portion of soybean meal in the feed composition. This reduces the cost per ton of feed by 100-120 yuan and increases the market price of mutton by 8%-10%. This not only achieves efficient resource utilization and reduces environmental pollution, but also, due to the wide availability and low cost of Cornus officinalis fruit kernels, effectively reduces feed costs without affecting the profitability of animal husbandry, thus significantly improving the economic benefits of animal husbandry. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 Correlation analysis diagram of key indicators (protein content and shear force value) of mutton in Examples 1 to 4 of this invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of GC-MS analysis of mutton flavor compounds in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart showing the comprehensive benefits of the sheep feed additive in Example 3 of the present invention with those of commercially available additives in Comparative Examples 1-2. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis fruit kernels is prepared by the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Pretreatment of Cornus officinalis fruit kernels

[0036] 1) Cleaning and Impurity Removal: Accurately weigh 10 kg of Cornus officinalis fruit kernels and place them in a specific cleaning container. Add warm water to the container, ensuring the kernels are completely submerged. Set the soaking time to 30 minutes and the water temperature to a constant 40℃. During the soaking process, start the ultrasonic cleaning equipment, adjusting the frequency to 40kHz and the power to 200W. Ultrasonic cleaning utilizes the cavitation effect of ultrasound waves to more effectively remove residual pulp and other impurities from the surface of the Cornus officinalis fruit kernels, ensuring their cleanliness.

[0037] 2) Gradient Drying: After ultrasonic cleaning, the Cornus officinalis kernels are transferred to a drying device. First, they are dried at 50℃ for 4 hours, which initially removes a large amount of moisture from the kernels. After 4 hours, the drying temperature is slowly increased to 60℃, and the drying process continues until the moisture content of the kernels drops to 7.5%. During the drying process, the moisture content of the kernels must be regularly tested using a professional moisture testing instrument to ensure that the degree of drying meets the requirements.

[0038] 3) Grinding and Sieving: The dried Cornus officinalis kernels were ultra-finely ground using an air jet mill. After grinding, the powder was sieved through an 80-mesh sieve to ensure uniform particle size, meeting the requirements for subsequent feed additive preparation. After grinding and sieving, 2.8 kg of Cornus officinalis kernel powder with the required particle size was obtained.

[0039] Step 2: Mixing

[0040] According to the mass ratio of Cornus officinalis kernel powder to corn starch of 1:4, accurately weigh the corresponding mass of Cornus officinalis kernel powder and corn starch, and then put them into a three-dimensional motion mixer. Set the mixer speed to 20 r / min and the mixing time to 30 minutes to ensure that the Cornus officinalis kernel powder and corn starch are fully mixed evenly. Then, prepare a 5% vitamin E ethanol solution and spray it evenly on the mixed powder through a spraying device for encapsulation. After encapsulation, the mixture is dried to remove the ethanol solvent, and finally the sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis kernels is obtained. It is sealed and stored to prevent moisture or reaction with other substances.

[0041] This embodiment also proposes the application of the above-mentioned sheep feed additive. The sheep feed additive is thoroughly mixed with the sheep's daily feed at a mass ratio of 0.5% to ensure accurate dosage of the additive ingested by the sheep. The sheep's daily feed contains the following components in the following mass percentages: corn 55%, soybean meal 20%, wheat bran 15%, and premix 10%.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in the application of sheep feed additives, the sheep feed additives are added to the daily sheep feed at a mass ratio of 1.0% and mixed thoroughly.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in the application of sheep feed additives, the sheep feed additives are added to the daily sheep feed at a mass ratio of 1.5% and mixed thoroughly.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in the application of sheep feed additives, the sheep feed additives are added to the sheep daily feed at a mass ratio of 2.0% and mixed thoroughly.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] A feed additive containing Jerusalem artichoke polysaccharide, produced by Fufeng Sinote Biotechnology Co., Ltd., is added to sheep's daily feed at a mass ratio of 1.5% and mixed thoroughly to ensure accurate dosage of the additive ingested by sheep.

[0050] Comparative Example 2

[0051] A feed additive containing sand onion extract, produced by Ningxia Xiangcao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., is added to the daily feed of sheep at a mass ratio of 1.5% and mixed thoroughly to ensure accurate dosage of the additive ingested by the sheep.

[0052] To specifically illustrate the beneficial effects of the sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis fruit kernels of the present invention, the effects of adding the present invention to sheep feed on sheep will be described in detail below:

[0053] 1. Grouping of experimental animals

[0054] Two hundred and ten fattening sheep of similar weight (around 50 kg), good health, and no history of disease were carefully selected from the farm. These sheep were randomly divided into seven groups, with three replicates per group and ten sheep per replicate. Groups 1-4 were the experimental groups, each fed a combination of the sheep feed additives described in Examples 1-4 and their regular feed. Groups 5-7 served as the control groups; Groups 5 and 6 were fed a combination of commercially available feed additives described in Examples 1-2 and their regular feed, while Group 7 was fed only their regular feed daily as a blank control group. After grouping, an independent breeding record was created for each sheep, recording their initial weight, health status, and other information.

[0055] 2. Feeding process

[0056] During the 90-day breeding experiment, the sheep were fed twice daily to ensure they had ample time to eat. Throughout the breeding process, designated personnel closely observed the sheep's feeding behavior daily, recording the feed intake of each sheep. Any sheep exhibiting abnormal feeding behavior were promptly examined and treated. Simultaneously, the sheep's mental state and health were monitored. If any sheep showed signs of illness, they were immediately isolated and treated, with the onset time, symptoms, and treatment measures meticulously recorded. Every 15 days, all sheep were weighed at a fixed time, ensuring they were fasting to guarantee accurate weight data. Professional weighing equipment was used for measurement, and each weight measurement was meticulously recorded in the breeding records.

[0057] 3. Sample collection and testing

[0058] After the breeding experiment, 10 sheep were randomly selected from both the experimental and control groups for slaughter. During slaughter, all relevant slaughter standards and specifications were strictly followed to ensure the quality of the mutton samples was not affected. After slaughter, mutton samples were collected rapidly, primarily from the longissimus dorsi muscle. Part of the collected samples were used for nutritional analysis, including the Kjeldahl method for protein determination, Soxhlet extraction for fat content determination, an automated amino acid analyzer for amino acid composition determination, and gas chromatography for fatty acid content determination. Another part of the samples were used for flavor analysis, employing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to accurately determine the types and contents of major flavor compounds. During the analysis, the samples underwent pretreatment to extract volatile flavor compounds to ensure the accuracy of the results. The final part of the samples were used for tenderness testing, with the shear force of the mutton measured using a muscle tenderness meter. During the testing process, the sample processing and testing conditions were strictly controlled to ensure the reliability of the test data.

[0059] 4. Data Analysis

[0060] SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used for in-depth analysis of the experimental data. First, analysis of variance was performed on the data of the experimental group and the control group to determine whether there were significant differences between the two groups. Then, a significance test was performed to determine the significance of the differences.

[0061] Figure 1 The results show that as the mass ratio of the sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis fruit kernels to the sheep's daily feed gradually increases in the examples, the protein content of the mutton increases linearly (R). 2 =0.91), while when the mass ratio of Cornus officinalis fruit kernel feed additive in Example 3 was 1.5%, the shear force value reached the lowest point, at which time the shear force value of mutton was 2.6 kg / cm. 2The protein content was 19.4 g / 100 g. The lamb from Example 3 showed the best overall tenderness and protein content; therefore, the lamb sample from Example 3 was selected as the optimal experimental group for GC-MS analysis and comparison of lamb flavor compounds. Data are as follows: Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the differences in the types and relative contents of the main flavor compounds (such as esters and aldehydes) in mutton from the optimal experimental group and the blank control group are illustrated. Ethyl hexanoate increased by 180% and ethyl octanoate increased by 250%, indicating an increase in ester content, which gives mutton a fragrant flavor. Nonanal decreased by 35% and decanal decreased by 50%, indicating a decrease in aldehyde content, i.e., a reduction in key substances of muttony smell. The content of 4-methyloctanoic acid decreased by 62.5%, significantly reducing the muttony smell. Therefore, it can be concluded that adding Cornus officinalis seeds to the daily feed of sheep significantly improves the flavor of mutton.

[0062] The key indicators of mutton from the optimal experimental group and the blank control group are summarized in the following table:

[0063]

[0064] Experimental data show that the optimal experimental group had better results than the blank control group in terms of mutton shear force, 4-methyloctanoic acid content (a substance with muttony smell), protein content, and oleic acid content (an unsaturated fatty acid). This fully verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the method of the present invention in improving mutton quality.

[0065] like Figure 3 As shown, the comprehensive benefits of the sheep feed additive in Example 3 are compared with those of commercially available additives. The commercially available additives selected were a feed additive containing Jerusalem artichoke polysaccharide and a feed additive containing shallot extract. Compared with commercially available additives, the daily weight gain of the sheep samples in Example 3 increased by 15%, the feed conversion ratio decreased by 12%, and the mutton odor score decreased from 3.8 to 1.5. In Comparative Example 1, the sheep samples fed with the Jerusalem artichoke polysaccharide feed additive showed a 28% increase in daily weight gain, but the mutton odor score only decreased to 2.7. In Comparative Example 2, the sheep samples fed with the shallot extract feed additive showed a 22% increase in daily weight gain, but the mutton odor score only decreased to 2.5. Furthermore, the cost-benefit line graphs for each group show that the sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis kernels in Example 3 has the highest cost-benefit ratio. In summary, the sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis kernels of this invention has greater advantages in improving flavor and reducing costs.

[0066] The above specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, any modifications of the present invention in various equivalent forms by those skilled in the art fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis fruit kernels, characterized in that, It contains the following components by weight percentage: 20%-30% Cornus officinalis kernel powder, 68%-78% carrier, and 2% antioxidant.

2. The sheep feed additive containing Cornus officinalis fruit kernels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carrier includes corn starch or wheat bran, and the antioxidant is a 5% vitamin E ethanol solution.

3. A method for preparing a sheep feed additive based on claim 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Cleaning and removing impurities: Soak the cornelian cherry kernels in 40℃ warm water and ultrasonically clean them to remove residual pulp and impurities; 2) Gradient drying: Place the cleaned Cornus officinalis kernels in a 50℃ environment to dry, and then raise the temperature to 60℃ to dry until the moisture content is ≤8%; 3) Ultrafine grinding: The dried Cornus officinalis kernels from step 2) are processed using an air jet mill and sieved to obtain Cornus officinalis kernel powder with a particle size ≤ 80 mesh; 4) Mixing: The Cornus officinalis kernel powder obtained in step 3) is added to the carrier in a three-dimensional motion mixer and mixed thoroughly. Then, a 5% vitamin E ethanol solution is added for spray encapsulation. After drying, it is sealed and stored to obtain the sheep feed additive.

4. The method for preparing the sheep feed additive according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 1), the ultrasonic cleaning is set to a frequency of 40kHz and a power of 200W.

5. The method for preparing the sheep feed additive according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step 4), the rotation speed of the three-dimensional motion mixer is set to 20 r / min, and the mixing time is 30 min.

6. The application of the sheep feed additive according to claim 1 or 2, or the sheep feed additive prepared by the method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, The sheep feed additive is added to the sheep's daily feed to improve the quality of mutton.

7. The application of the sheep feed additive according to claim 6, characterized in that, The dosage of the sheep feed additive is 0.5%-2% of the daily sheep feed.

8. The application of the sheep feed additive according to claim 6, characterized in that, For sheep weighing 30-50kg in the early fattening stage, the dosage is 0.5%-1%, and for sheep weighing >50kg in the later fattening stage, the dosage is 1%-2%.

9. The application of the sheep feed additive according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the rearing process, the breeding environment is stably controlled at a temperature of 15-25℃, a relative humidity of 50%-70%, and an ammonia concentration of <10ppm; the stocking density of sheep is reasonably planned to ensure that each sheep has an activity space of ≥1.5㎡ and an exercise time of ≥4h / d; feed and water are provided strictly according to the established time every day to ensure that the sheep have sufficient feed and water.

10. The application of the sheep feed additive according to claim 6, characterized in that, The daily sheep feed comprises the following components in the following weight percentages: 55% corn, 20% soybean meal, 15% wheat bran, and 10% premix.

Images